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Пульмометаболический синдром
Пульмометаболический синдром
Бахарева Т.А., Белов А.М., Горбунков С.Д., Юсупов А.И., Баранова И.А. Пульмометаболический синдром. Терапевтический архив. 2026;98(3):183–188. DOI: 10.26442/00403660.2026.03.203545
© ООО «КОНСИЛИУМ МЕДИКУМ», 2026 г.
© ООО «КОНСИЛИУМ МЕДИКУМ», 2026 г.
________________________________________________
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Аннотация
В обзоре обсуждается малоизученная проблема взаимосвязи метаболического синдрома (МС) и заболеваний органов дыхания. Рассматриваются основные патогенетические механизмы, включая хроническое низкоинтенсивное воспаление, окислительный стресс, эндотелиальную дисфункцию, механическое ограничение легочных объемов. Вводится понятие «пульмометаболический синдром». Приводятся данные результатов исследований функциональных показателей легких при МС. Описываются клинические и патобиологические характеристики взаимоотягощающей связи МС с патологиями органов дыхания, такими как хроническая обструктивная болезнь легких, бронхиальная астма, синдром обструктивного апноэ во время сна, рак легкого, легочная гипертензия.
Ключевые слова: метаболический синдром, легкие, ожирение, поражение легких, метаболические расстройства, синдром обструктивного апноэ во время сна, инсулинорезистентность, легочная функция
Keywords: metabolic syndrome, lung, obesity, lung disease, metabolic disorders, obstructive sleep apnea, insulin resistance, pulmonary function
Ключевые слова: метаболический синдром, легкие, ожирение, поражение легких, метаболические расстройства, синдром обструктивного апноэ во время сна, инсулинорезистентность, легочная функция
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Keywords: metabolic syndrome, lung, obesity, lung disease, metabolic disorders, obstructive sleep apnea, insulin resistance, pulmonary function
Полный текст
Список литературы
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2. Hirode G, Wong RJ. Trends in the Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome in the United States, 2011–2016. JAMA. 2020;323(24):2526-28. DOI:10.1001/jama.2020.4501
3. Chiadi E Ndumele CE, Rangaswami J, Chow SL, et al. Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Health: A Presidential Advisory From the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2024;149(13):e1023. DOI:10.1161/CIR.0000000000001241
4. Kawai T, Autieri MV, Scalia R. Adipose tissue inflammation and metabolic dysfunction in obesity. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2021;320(3):C375-91. DOI:10.1152/ajpcell.00379.2020
5. Brandao-Rangel MAR, Moraes-Ferreira R, Oliveira-Junior MC, et al. Pulmonary function changes in older adults with and without metabolic syndrome. Sci Rep. 2021;11(1):17337. DOI:10.1038/s41598-021-96766-x
6. Alrabbaie H, Al-Wardat M, Etoom M, et al. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Chron Respir Dis. 2025;22:14799731251346194. DOI:10.1177/14799731251346194
7. Yuliana ME, Chou HC, Su EC, et al. Uteroplacental insufficiency decreases leptin expression and impairs lung development in growth-restricted newborn rats. Pediatr Res. 2024;95(6):1503-9. DOI:10.1038/s41390-023-02946-y
8. Wang Y, Wan R, Hu C. Leptin/obR signaling exacerbates obesity-related neutrophilic airway inflammation through inflammatory M1 macrophages. Mol Med. 2023;29(1):100. DOI:10.1186/s10020-023-00702-w
9. Ip BC, Li N, Jackson-Browne M, et al. Does fetal leptin and adiponectin influence children's lung function and risk of wheeze? J Dev Orig Health Dis. 2021;12(4):570-7. DOI:10.1017/S2040174420000951
10. Goli SH, Lim JY, Basaran-Akgul N, Templeton SP. Adiponectin pathway activation dampens inflammation and enhances alveolar macrophage fungal killing via LC3-associated phagocytosis. PLoS Pathog. 2025;21(3):e1012363. DOI:10.1371/journal.ppat.1012363
11. Palma G, Sorice GP, Genchi VA, et al. Adipose Tissue Inflammation and Pulmonary Dysfunction in Obesity. Int J Mol Sci. 2022;23(13):7349. DOI:10.3390/ijms23137349
12. Buras ED, Converso-Baran K, Davis CS, et al. Fibro-Adipogenic Remodeling of the Diaphragm in Obesity-Associated Respiratory Dysfunction. Diabetes. 2019;68(1):45-56. DOI:10.2337/db18-0209
13. Suda-Całus M, Dąbrowska K, Gulczyńska E. Infant of a diabetic mother: clinical presentation, diagnosis and treatment. Pediatr Endocrinol Diabetes Metab. 2024;30(1):36-41. DOI:10.5114/pedm.2024.137891
14. Peters MC, Schiebler ML, Cardet JC, et al. The Impact of Insulin Resistance on Loss of Lung Function and Response to Treatment in Asthma. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2022;206(9):1096-106. DOI:10.1164/rccm.202112-2745OC
15. Koenen M, Hill MA, Cohen P, Sowers JR. Obesity, Adipose Tissue and Vascular Dysfunction. Circ Res. 2021;128(7):951-68. DOI:10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.121.318093
16. Fang NN, Wang ZH, Li SH, et al. Pulmonary Function in Metabolic Syndrome: A Meta-Analysis. Metab Syndr Relat Disord. 2022;20(10):606-17. DOI:10.1089/met.2022.0045
17. Noori IF, Jabbar AS. Impact of weight reduction surgery on static and dynamic lung volumes. Ann Med Surg (Lond). 2021;66:102457. DOI:10.1016/j.amsu.2021.102457
18. Fekete M, Szollosi G, Tarantini S, et al. Metabolic syndrome in patients with COPD: Causes and pathophysiological consequences. Physiol Int. 2022;109(1):90-105. DOI:10.1556/2060.2022.00164
19. Tenda ED, Henrina J, Setiadharma A, et al. The impact of body mass index on mortality in COPD: an updated dose-response meta-analysis. Eur Respir Rev. 2024;33(174):230261. DOI:10.1183/16000617.0261-2023
20. Suleymanova AK, Baranova IA. Evaluation of the relationship between the parameters of peripheral skeletal and respiratory muscles in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Terapevticheskii Arkhiv (Ter. Arkh.). 2020;92(3):36-41 (in Russian). DOI:10.26442/00403660.2020.03.000448
21. Ovsyannikov ES, Avdeev SN, Budnevsky AV. Systemic inflammation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and obesity. Terapevticheskii Arkhiv (Ter. Arkh.). 2020;92(3):13-8 (in Russian). DOI:10.26442/00403660.2020.03.000265
22. de Luca C, Olefsky JM. Inflammation and insulin resistance. FEBS Lett. 2008;582(1):97-105. DOI:10.1016/j.febslet.2007.11.057
23. Bray F, Laversanne M, Sung H, et al. Global cancer statistics 2022: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin. 2024;74(3):229-63. DOI:10.3322/caac.21834
24. Zhang Z, Liu Q, Huang C, et al. Correction: Association Between Metabolic Syndrome and the Risk of Lung Cancer: A Meta-Analysis. Horm Metab Res. 2023;55(12):e6. DOI:10.1055/a-2211-2166
25. Karamzad N, Izadi N, Sanaie S, et al. Asthma and metabolic syndrome: a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. J Cardiovasc Thorac Res. 2020;12(2):120-8. DOI:10.34172/jcvtr.2020.20
26. Bal C, Pohl W, Milger K, et al. Characterization of Obesity in Severe Asthma in the German Asthma Net. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2023;11(11):3417-3424.e3. DOI:10.1016/j.jaip.2023.06.049
27. Parasuaraman G, Ayyasamy L, Aune D, et al. The association between body mass index, abdominal fatness, and weight change and the risk of adult asthma: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies. Sci Rep. 2023;13(1):7745. DOI:10.1038/s41598-023-31373-6
28. Johnson O, Gerald LB, Harvey J, et al. An Online Weight Loss Intervention for People With Obesity and Poorly Controlled Asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2022;10(6):1577-1586.e3. DOI:10.1016/j.jaip.2022.02.040
29. UpToDate. Available at: https://www.uptodate.com/contents/obesity-and-asthma?search=asthma%20and%20obesity&source=se.... Accessed: 02.08.2025.
30. Yang G, Han YY, Forno E, et al. Glycated Hemoglobin A(1c), Lung Function, and Hospitalizations Among Adults with Asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2020;8(10):3409-3415.e1. DOI:10.1016/j.jaip.2020.06.017
31. Wu TD, Fawzy A, Akenroye A, et al. Metformin Use and Risk of Asthma Exacerbation Among Asthma Patients with Glycemic Dysfunction. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2021;9(11):4014-20.e4. DOI:10.1016/j.jaip.2021.07.007
32. Foer D, Beeler PE, Cui J, et al. Asthma Exacerbations in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes and Asthma on Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2021;203(7):831-40. DOI:10.1164/rccm.202004-0993OC
33. Fiedorczuk P, Polecka A, Walasek M, Olszewska E. Potential Diagnostic and Monitoring Biomarkers of Obstructive Sleep Apnea-Umbrella Review of Meta-Analyses. J Clin Med. 2022;12(1):60. DOI:10.3390/jcm12010060
34. Zhu C, Tang S, Xiao J, et al. Insulin Resistance, but Not Obstructive Sleep Apnea Is Associated with Hepatic Steatosis in Chinese Patients with Severe Obesity. Obes Facts. 2023;16(4):344-55. DOI:10.1159/000528789
35. Messineo L, Bakker JP, Cronin J, et al. Obstructive sleep apnea and obesity: A review of epidemiology, pathophysiology and the effect of weight-loss treatments. Sleep Med Rev. 2024;78:101996. DOI:10.1016/j.smrv.2024.101996
36. Catalan Serra P. Age, gender, neck circumference, and epworth sleepiness scale do not predict obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in moderate to severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): the challenge to predict OSA in advanced COPD. Sleep Med. 2022;89:130-1. DOI:10.1016/j.sleep.2021.12.005
37. Cizza G, de Jonge L, Piaggi P, et al. Neck circumference is a predictor of metabolic syndrome and obstructive sleep apnea in short-sleeping obese men and women. Metab Syndr Relat Disord. 2014;12(4):231-41. DOI:10.1089/met.2013.0093
38. Heffernan A, Duplancic D, Kumric M, et al. Metabolic Crossroads: Unveiling the Complex Interactions between Obstructive Sleep Apnoea and Metabolic Syndrome. Int J Mol Sci. 2024;25(6):3243. DOI:10.3390/ijms25063243
39. Panou T, Roukas K, Chadia K, et al. Obstructive Sleep Apnoea and Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: A Neglected Relationship? Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes. 2025;133(1):40-50. DOI:10.1055/a-2414-5487
40. Mehrdad M, Azarian M, Sharafkhaneh A, et al. The association between OSA and glycemic control in diabetes. Int J Prev Med. 2023;14:26. DOI:10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_356_21
41. Adeva-Andany MM, Domínguez-Montero A, Castro-Quintela E, et al. Hypoxia-Induced Insulin Resistance Mediates the Elevated Cardiovascular Risk in Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Comprehensive Review. Rev Cardiovasc Med. 2024;25(6):231. DOI:10.31083/j.rcm2506231
42. Willson C, Watanabe M, Tsuji-Hosokawa A, Makino A. Pulmonary vascular dysfunction in metabolic syndrome. J Physiol. 2019;597(4):1121-41. DOI:10.1113/JP275856
43. Khaing P, Pandit P, Awsare B, Summer R. Pulmonary Circulation in Obesity, Diabetes, and Metabolic Syndrome. Compr Physiol. 2019;10(1):297-316. DOI:10.1002/cphy.c190018
44. Min J, Feng R, Badesch D, et al. Obesity in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. The Pulmonary Hypertension Association Registry. Ann Am Thorac Soc. 2021;18(2):229-37. DOI:10.1513/AnnalsATS.202006-612OC
45. Ussavarungsi K, Thomas CS, Burger CD. Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in patients with pulmonary hypertension. Clin Respir J. 2017;11(6):721-6. DOI:10.1111/crj.12406
46. Masa JF, Benítez ID, Javaheri S, et al. Risk factors associated with pulmonary hypertension in obesity hypoventilation syndrome. J Clin Sleep Med. 2022;18(4):983-92. DOI:10.5664/jcsm.9760
47. Adir Y, Humbert M, Chaouat A. Sleep-related breathing disorders and pulmonary hypertension. Eur Respir J. 2021;57(1):2002258. DOI:10.1183/13993003.02258-2020
48. Dissanayake H. COVID-19 and metabolic syndrome. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2023;37(4):101753. DOI:10.1016/j.beem.2023.101753
49. Denson JL, Gillet AS, Zu Y, et al. Metabolic Syndrome and Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Hospitalized Patients With COVID-19. JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(12):e2140568. DOI:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.40568
2. Hirode G, Wong RJ. Trends in the Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome in the United States, 2011–2016. JAMA. 2020;323(24):2526-28. DOI:10.1001/jama.2020.4501
3. Chiadi E Ndumele CE, Rangaswami J, Chow SL, et al. Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Health: A Presidential Advisory From the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2024;149(13):e1023. DOI:10.1161/CIR.0000000000001241
4. Kawai T, Autieri MV, Scalia R. Adipose tissue inflammation and metabolic dysfunction in obesity. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2021;320(3):C375-91. DOI:10.1152/ajpcell.00379.2020
5. Brandao-Rangel MAR, Moraes-Ferreira R, Oliveira-Junior MC, et al. Pulmonary function changes in older adults with and without metabolic syndrome. Sci Rep. 2021;11(1):17337. DOI:10.1038/s41598-021-96766-x
6. Alrabbaie H, Al-Wardat M, Etoom M, et al. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Chron Respir Dis. 2025;22:14799731251346194. DOI:10.1177/14799731251346194
7. Yuliana ME, Chou HC, Su EC, et al. Uteroplacental insufficiency decreases leptin expression and impairs lung development in growth-restricted newborn rats. Pediatr Res. 2024;95(6):1503-9. DOI:10.1038/s41390-023-02946-y
8. Wang Y, Wan R, Hu C. Leptin/obR signaling exacerbates obesity-related neutrophilic airway inflammation through inflammatory M1 macrophages. Mol Med. 2023;29(1):100. DOI:10.1186/s10020-023-00702-w
9. Ip BC, Li N, Jackson-Browne M, et al. Does fetal leptin and adiponectin influence children's lung function and risk of wheeze? J Dev Orig Health Dis. 2021;12(4):570-7. DOI:10.1017/S2040174420000951
10. Goli SH, Lim JY, Basaran-Akgul N, Templeton SP. Adiponectin pathway activation dampens inflammation and enhances alveolar macrophage fungal killing via LC3-associated phagocytosis. PLoS Pathog. 2025;21(3):e1012363. DOI:10.1371/journal.ppat.1012363
11. Palma G, Sorice GP, Genchi VA, et al. Adipose Tissue Inflammation and Pulmonary Dysfunction in Obesity. Int J Mol Sci. 2022;23(13):7349. DOI:10.3390/ijms23137349
12. Buras ED, Converso-Baran K, Davis CS, et al. Fibro-Adipogenic Remodeling of the Diaphragm in Obesity-Associated Respiratory Dysfunction. Diabetes. 2019;68(1):45-56. DOI:10.2337/db18-0209
13. Suda-Całus M, Dąbrowska K, Gulczyńska E. Infant of a diabetic mother: clinical presentation, diagnosis and treatment. Pediatr Endocrinol Diabetes Metab. 2024;30(1):36-41. DOI:10.5114/pedm.2024.137891
14. Peters MC, Schiebler ML, Cardet JC, et al. The Impact of Insulin Resistance on Loss of Lung Function and Response to Treatment in Asthma. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2022;206(9):1096-106. DOI:10.1164/rccm.202112-2745OC
15. Koenen M, Hill MA, Cohen P, Sowers JR. Obesity, Adipose Tissue and Vascular Dysfunction. Circ Res. 2021;128(7):951-68. DOI:10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.121.318093
16. Fang NN, Wang ZH, Li SH, et al. Pulmonary Function in Metabolic Syndrome: A Meta-Analysis. Metab Syndr Relat Disord. 2022;20(10):606-17. DOI:10.1089/met.2022.0045
17. Noori IF, Jabbar AS. Impact of weight reduction surgery on static and dynamic lung volumes. Ann Med Surg (Lond). 2021;66:102457. DOI:10.1016/j.amsu.2021.102457
18. Fekete M, Szollosi G, Tarantini S, et al. Metabolic syndrome in patients with COPD: Causes and pathophysiological consequences. Physiol Int. 2022;109(1):90-105. DOI:10.1556/2060.2022.00164
19. Tenda ED, Henrina J, Setiadharma A, et al. The impact of body mass index on mortality in COPD: an updated dose-response meta-analysis. Eur Respir Rev. 2024;33(174):230261. DOI:10.1183/16000617.0261-2023
20. Сулейманова А.К., Баранова И.А. Оценка взаимосвязи параметров периферической скелетной и дыхательной мускулатуры у больных хронической обструктивной болезнью легких. Терапевтический архив. 2020;92(3):36-41 [Suleymanova AK, Baranova IA. Evaluation of the relationship between the parameters of peripheral skeletal and respiratory muscles in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Terapevticheskii Arkhiv (Ter. Arkh.). 2020;92(3):36-41 (in Russian)]. DOI:10.26442/00403660.2020.03.000448
21. Овсянников Е.С., Авдеев С.Н., Будневский А.В. Системное воспаление у больных хронической обструктивной болезнью легких и ожирением. Терапевтический архив. 2020;92(3):13-8 [Ovsyannikov ES, Avdeev SN, Budnevsky AV. Systemic inflammation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and obesity. Terapevticheskii Arkhiv (Ter. Arkh.). 2020;92(3):13-8 (in Russian)]. DOI:10.26442/00403660.2020.03.000265
22. de Luca C, Olefsky JM. Inflammation and insulin resistance. FEBS Lett. 2008;582(1):97-105. DOI:10.1016/j.febslet.2007.11.057
23. Bray F, Laversanne M, Sung H, et al. Global cancer statistics 2022: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin. 2024;74(3):229-63. DOI:10.3322/caac.21834
24. Zhang Z, Liu Q, Huang C, et al. Correction: Association Between Metabolic Syndrome and the Risk of Lung Cancer: A Meta-Analysis. Horm Metab Res. 2023;55(12):e6. DOI:10.1055/a-2211-2166
25. Karamzad N, Izadi N, Sanaie S, et al. Asthma and metabolic syndrome: a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. J Cardiovasc Thorac Res. 2020;12(2):120-8. DOI:10.34172/jcvtr.2020.20
26. Bal C, Pohl W, Milger K, et al. Characterization of Obesity in Severe Asthma in the German Asthma Net. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2023;11(11):3417-3424.e3. DOI:10.1016/j.jaip.2023.06.049
27. Parasuaraman G, Ayyasamy L, Aune D, et al. The association between body mass index, abdominal fatness, and weight change and the risk of adult asthma: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies. Sci Rep. 2023;13(1):7745. DOI:10.1038/s41598-023-31373-6
28. Johnson O, Gerald LB, Harvey J, et al. An Online Weight Loss Intervention for People With Obesity and Poorly Controlled Asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2022;10(6):1577-1586.e3. DOI:10.1016/j.jaip.2022.02.040
29. UpToDate. Available at: https://www.uptodate.com/contents/obesity-and-asthma?search=asthma%20and%20obesity&source=se.... Accessed: 02.08.2025.
30. Yang G, Han YY, Forno E, et al. Glycated Hemoglobin A(1c), Lung Function, and Hospitalizations Among Adults with Asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2020;8(10):3409-3415.e1. DOI:10.1016/j.jaip.2020.06.017
31. Wu TD, Fawzy A, Akenroye A, et al. Metformin Use and Risk of Asthma Exacerbation Among Asthma Patients with Glycemic Dysfunction. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2021;9(11):4014-20.e4. DOI:10.1016/j.jaip.2021.07.007
32. Foer D, Beeler PE, Cui J, et al. Asthma Exacerbations in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes and Asthma on Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2021;203(7):831-40. DOI:10.1164/rccm.202004-0993OC
33. Fiedorczuk P, Polecka A, Walasek M, Olszewska E. Potential Diagnostic and Monitoring Biomarkers of Obstructive Sleep Apnea-Umbrella Review of Meta-Analyses. J Clin Med. 2022;12(1):60. DOI:10.3390/jcm12010060
34. Zhu C, Tang S, Xiao J, et al. Insulin Resistance, but Not Obstructive Sleep Apnea Is Associated with Hepatic Steatosis in Chinese Patients with Severe Obesity. Obes Facts. 2023;16(4):344-55. DOI:10.1159/000528789
35. Messineo L, Bakker JP, Cronin J, et al. Obstructive sleep apnea and obesity: A review of epidemiology, pathophysiology and the effect of weight-loss treatments. Sleep Med Rev. 2024;78:101996. DOI:10.1016/j.smrv.2024.101996
36. Catalan Serra P. Age, gender, neck circumference, and epworth sleepiness scale do not predict obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in moderate to severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): the challenge to predict OSA in advanced COPD. Sleep Med. 2022;89:130-1. DOI:10.1016/j.sleep.2021.12.005
37. Cizza G, de Jonge L, Piaggi P, et al. Neck circumference is a predictor of metabolic syndrome and obstructive sleep apnea in short-sleeping obese men and women. Metab Syndr Relat Disord. 2014;12(4):231-41. DOI:10.1089/met.2013.0093
38. Heffernan A, Duplancic D, Kumric M, et al. Metabolic Crossroads: Unveiling the Complex Interactions between Obstructive Sleep Apnoea and Metabolic Syndrome. Int J Mol Sci. 2024;25(6):3243. DOI:10.3390/ijms25063243
39. Panou T, Roukas K, Chadia K, et al. Obstructive Sleep Apnoea and Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: A Neglected Relationship? Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes. 2025;133(1):40-50. DOI:10.1055/a-2414-5487
40. Mehrdad M, Azarian M, Sharafkhaneh A, et al. The association between OSA and glycemic control in diabetes. Int J Prev Med. 2023;14:26. DOI:10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_356_21
41. Adeva-Andany MM, Domínguez-Montero A, Castro-Quintela E, et al. Hypoxia-Induced Insulin Resistance Mediates the Elevated Cardiovascular Risk in Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Comprehensive Review. Rev Cardiovasc Med. 2024;25(6):231. DOI:10.31083/j.rcm2506231
42. Willson C, Watanabe M, Tsuji-Hosokawa A, Makino A. Pulmonary vascular dysfunction in metabolic syndrome. J Physiol. 2019;597(4):1121-41. DOI:10.1113/JP275856
43. Khaing P, Pandit P, Awsare B, Summer R. Pulmonary Circulation in Obesity, Diabetes, and Metabolic Syndrome. Compr Physiol. 2019;10(1):297-316. DOI:10.1002/cphy.c190018
44. Min J, Feng R, Badesch D, et al. Obesity in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. The Pulmonary Hypertension Association Registry. Ann Am Thorac Soc. 2021;18(2):229-37. DOI:10.1513/AnnalsATS.202006-612OC
45. Ussavarungsi K, Thomas CS, Burger CD. Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in patients with pulmonary hypertension. Clin Respir J. 2017;11(6):721-6. DOI:10.1111/crj.12406
46. Masa JF, Benítez ID, Javaheri S, et al. Risk factors associated with pulmonary hypertension in obesity hypoventilation syndrome. J Clin Sleep Med. 2022;18(4):983-92. DOI:10.5664/jcsm.9760
47. Adir Y, Humbert M, Chaouat A. Sleep-related breathing disorders and pulmonary hypertension. Eur Respir J. 2021;57(1):2002258. DOI:10.1183/13993003.02258-2020
48. Dissanayake H. COVID-19 and metabolic syndrome. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2023;37(4):101753. DOI:10.1016/j.beem.2023.101753
49. Denson JL, Gillet AS, Zu Y, et al. Metabolic Syndrome and Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Hospitalized Patients With COVID-19. JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(12):e2140568. DOI:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.40568
________________________________________________
2. Hirode G, Wong RJ. Trends in the Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome in the United States, 2011–2016. JAMA. 2020;323(24):2526-28. DOI:10.1001/jama.2020.4501
3. Chiadi E Ndumele CE, Rangaswami J, Chow SL, et al. Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Health: A Presidential Advisory From the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2024;149(13):e1023. DOI:10.1161/CIR.0000000000001241
4. Kawai T, Autieri MV, Scalia R. Adipose tissue inflammation and metabolic dysfunction in obesity. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2021;320(3):C375-91. DOI:10.1152/ajpcell.00379.2020
5. Brandao-Rangel MAR, Moraes-Ferreira R, Oliveira-Junior MC, et al. Pulmonary function changes in older adults with and without metabolic syndrome. Sci Rep. 2021;11(1):17337. DOI:10.1038/s41598-021-96766-x
6. Alrabbaie H, Al-Wardat M, Etoom M, et al. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Chron Respir Dis. 2025;22:14799731251346194. DOI:10.1177/14799731251346194
7. Yuliana ME, Chou HC, Su EC, et al. Uteroplacental insufficiency decreases leptin expression and impairs lung development in growth-restricted newborn rats. Pediatr Res. 2024;95(6):1503-9. DOI:10.1038/s41390-023-02946-y
8. Wang Y, Wan R, Hu C. Leptin/obR signaling exacerbates obesity-related neutrophilic airway inflammation through inflammatory M1 macrophages. Mol Med. 2023;29(1):100. DOI:10.1186/s10020-023-00702-w
9. Ip BC, Li N, Jackson-Browne M, et al. Does fetal leptin and adiponectin influence children's lung function and risk of wheeze? J Dev Orig Health Dis. 2021;12(4):570-7. DOI:10.1017/S2040174420000951
10. Goli SH, Lim JY, Basaran-Akgul N, Templeton SP. Adiponectin pathway activation dampens inflammation and enhances alveolar macrophage fungal killing via LC3-associated phagocytosis. PLoS Pathog. 2025;21(3):e1012363. DOI:10.1371/journal.ppat.1012363
11. Palma G, Sorice GP, Genchi VA, et al. Adipose Tissue Inflammation and Pulmonary Dysfunction in Obesity. Int J Mol Sci. 2022;23(13):7349. DOI:10.3390/ijms23137349
12. Buras ED, Converso-Baran K, Davis CS, et al. Fibro-Adipogenic Remodeling of the Diaphragm in Obesity-Associated Respiratory Dysfunction. Diabetes. 2019;68(1):45-56. DOI:10.2337/db18-0209
13. Suda-Całus M, Dąbrowska K, Gulczyńska E. Infant of a diabetic mother: clinical presentation, diagnosis and treatment. Pediatr Endocrinol Diabetes Metab. 2024;30(1):36-41. DOI:10.5114/pedm.2024.137891
14. Peters MC, Schiebler ML, Cardet JC, et al. The Impact of Insulin Resistance on Loss of Lung Function and Response to Treatment in Asthma. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2022;206(9):1096-106. DOI:10.1164/rccm.202112-2745OC
15. Koenen M, Hill MA, Cohen P, Sowers JR. Obesity, Adipose Tissue and Vascular Dysfunction. Circ Res. 2021;128(7):951-68. DOI:10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.121.318093
16. Fang NN, Wang ZH, Li SH, et al. Pulmonary Function in Metabolic Syndrome: A Meta-Analysis. Metab Syndr Relat Disord. 2022;20(10):606-17. DOI:10.1089/met.2022.0045
17. Noori IF, Jabbar AS. Impact of weight reduction surgery on static and dynamic lung volumes. Ann Med Surg (Lond). 2021;66:102457. DOI:10.1016/j.amsu.2021.102457
18. Fekete M, Szollosi G, Tarantini S, et al. Metabolic syndrome in patients with COPD: Causes and pathophysiological consequences. Physiol Int. 2022;109(1):90-105. DOI:10.1556/2060.2022.00164
19. Tenda ED, Henrina J, Setiadharma A, et al. The impact of body mass index on mortality in COPD: an updated dose-response meta-analysis. Eur Respir Rev. 2024;33(174):230261. DOI:10.1183/16000617.0261-2023
20. Suleymanova AK, Baranova IA. Evaluation of the relationship between the parameters of peripheral skeletal and respiratory muscles in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Terapevticheskii Arkhiv (Ter. Arkh.). 2020;92(3):36-41 (in Russian). DOI:10.26442/00403660.2020.03.000448
21. Ovsyannikov ES, Avdeev SN, Budnevsky AV. Systemic inflammation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and obesity. Terapevticheskii Arkhiv (Ter. Arkh.). 2020;92(3):13-8 (in Russian). DOI:10.26442/00403660.2020.03.000265
22. de Luca C, Olefsky JM. Inflammation and insulin resistance. FEBS Lett. 2008;582(1):97-105. DOI:10.1016/j.febslet.2007.11.057
23. Bray F, Laversanne M, Sung H, et al. Global cancer statistics 2022: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin. 2024;74(3):229-63. DOI:10.3322/caac.21834
24. Zhang Z, Liu Q, Huang C, et al. Correction: Association Between Metabolic Syndrome and the Risk of Lung Cancer: A Meta-Analysis. Horm Metab Res. 2023;55(12):e6. DOI:10.1055/a-2211-2166
25. Karamzad N, Izadi N, Sanaie S, et al. Asthma and metabolic syndrome: a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. J Cardiovasc Thorac Res. 2020;12(2):120-8. DOI:10.34172/jcvtr.2020.20
26. Bal C, Pohl W, Milger K, et al. Characterization of Obesity in Severe Asthma in the German Asthma Net. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2023;11(11):3417-3424.e3. DOI:10.1016/j.jaip.2023.06.049
27. Parasuaraman G, Ayyasamy L, Aune D, et al. The association between body mass index, abdominal fatness, and weight change and the risk of adult asthma: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies. Sci Rep. 2023;13(1):7745. DOI:10.1038/s41598-023-31373-6
28. Johnson O, Gerald LB, Harvey J, et al. An Online Weight Loss Intervention for People With Obesity and Poorly Controlled Asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2022;10(6):1577-1586.e3. DOI:10.1016/j.jaip.2022.02.040
29. UpToDate. Available at: https://www.uptodate.com/contents/obesity-and-asthma?search=asthma%20and%20obesity&source=se.... Accessed: 02.08.2025.
30. Yang G, Han YY, Forno E, et al. Glycated Hemoglobin A(1c), Lung Function, and Hospitalizations Among Adults with Asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2020;8(10):3409-3415.e1. DOI:10.1016/j.jaip.2020.06.017
31. Wu TD, Fawzy A, Akenroye A, et al. Metformin Use and Risk of Asthma Exacerbation Among Asthma Patients with Glycemic Dysfunction. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2021;9(11):4014-20.e4. DOI:10.1016/j.jaip.2021.07.007
32. Foer D, Beeler PE, Cui J, et al. Asthma Exacerbations in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes and Asthma on Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2021;203(7):831-40. DOI:10.1164/rccm.202004-0993OC
33. Fiedorczuk P, Polecka A, Walasek M, Olszewska E. Potential Diagnostic and Monitoring Biomarkers of Obstructive Sleep Apnea-Umbrella Review of Meta-Analyses. J Clin Med. 2022;12(1):60. DOI:10.3390/jcm12010060
34. Zhu C, Tang S, Xiao J, et al. Insulin Resistance, but Not Obstructive Sleep Apnea Is Associated with Hepatic Steatosis in Chinese Patients with Severe Obesity. Obes Facts. 2023;16(4):344-55. DOI:10.1159/000528789
35. Messineo L, Bakker JP, Cronin J, et al. Obstructive sleep apnea and obesity: A review of epidemiology, pathophysiology and the effect of weight-loss treatments. Sleep Med Rev. 2024;78:101996. DOI:10.1016/j.smrv.2024.101996
36. Catalan Serra P. Age, gender, neck circumference, and epworth sleepiness scale do not predict obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in moderate to severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): the challenge to predict OSA in advanced COPD. Sleep Med. 2022;89:130-1. DOI:10.1016/j.sleep.2021.12.005
37. Cizza G, de Jonge L, Piaggi P, et al. Neck circumference is a predictor of metabolic syndrome and obstructive sleep apnea in short-sleeping obese men and women. Metab Syndr Relat Disord. 2014;12(4):231-41. DOI:10.1089/met.2013.0093
38. Heffernan A, Duplancic D, Kumric M, et al. Metabolic Crossroads: Unveiling the Complex Interactions between Obstructive Sleep Apnoea and Metabolic Syndrome. Int J Mol Sci. 2024;25(6):3243. DOI:10.3390/ijms25063243
39. Panou T, Roukas K, Chadia K, et al. Obstructive Sleep Apnoea and Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: A Neglected Relationship? Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes. 2025;133(1):40-50. DOI:10.1055/a-2414-5487
40. Mehrdad M, Azarian M, Sharafkhaneh A, et al. The association between OSA and glycemic control in diabetes. Int J Prev Med. 2023;14:26. DOI:10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_356_21
41. Adeva-Andany MM, Domínguez-Montero A, Castro-Quintela E, et al. Hypoxia-Induced Insulin Resistance Mediates the Elevated Cardiovascular Risk in Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Comprehensive Review. Rev Cardiovasc Med. 2024;25(6):231. DOI:10.31083/j.rcm2506231
42. Willson C, Watanabe M, Tsuji-Hosokawa A, Makino A. Pulmonary vascular dysfunction in metabolic syndrome. J Physiol. 2019;597(4):1121-41. DOI:10.1113/JP275856
43. Khaing P, Pandit P, Awsare B, Summer R. Pulmonary Circulation in Obesity, Diabetes, and Metabolic Syndrome. Compr Physiol. 2019;10(1):297-316. DOI:10.1002/cphy.c190018
44. Min J, Feng R, Badesch D, et al. Obesity in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. The Pulmonary Hypertension Association Registry. Ann Am Thorac Soc. 2021;18(2):229-37. DOI:10.1513/AnnalsATS.202006-612OC
45. Ussavarungsi K, Thomas CS, Burger CD. Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in patients with pulmonary hypertension. Clin Respir J. 2017;11(6):721-6. DOI:10.1111/crj.12406
46. Masa JF, Benítez ID, Javaheri S, et al. Risk factors associated with pulmonary hypertension in obesity hypoventilation syndrome. J Clin Sleep Med. 2022;18(4):983-92. DOI:10.5664/jcsm.9760
47. Adir Y, Humbert M, Chaouat A. Sleep-related breathing disorders and pulmonary hypertension. Eur Respir J. 2021;57(1):2002258. DOI:10.1183/13993003.02258-2020
48. Dissanayake H. COVID-19 and metabolic syndrome. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2023;37(4):101753. DOI:10.1016/j.beem.2023.101753
49. Denson JL, Gillet AS, Zu Y, et al. Metabolic Syndrome and Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Hospitalized Patients With COVID-19. JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(12):e2140568. DOI:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.40568
Авторы
Т.А. Бахарева*1, А.М. Белов2, С.Д. Горбунков3, А.И. Юсупов3, И.А. Баранова1
1ФГАОУ ВО «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н.И. Пирогова» Минздрава России (Пироговский Университет), Москва, Россия;
2ФГБУ «Объединенная больница с поликлиникой» Управления делами Президента РФ, Москва, Россия;
3ФГБУ «Научно-исследовательский институт пульмонологии» ФМБА России, Москва, Россия
*baharevatatyana3@gmail.com
1Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University (Pirogov University), Moscow, Russia;
2United Hospital with a Polyclinic, Moscow, Russia;
3Research Institute of Pulmonology, Moscow, Russia
*baharevatatyana3@gmail.com
1ФГАОУ ВО «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н.И. Пирогова» Минздрава России (Пироговский Университет), Москва, Россия;
2ФГБУ «Объединенная больница с поликлиникой» Управления делами Президента РФ, Москва, Россия;
3ФГБУ «Научно-исследовательский институт пульмонологии» ФМБА России, Москва, Россия
*baharevatatyana3@gmail.com
________________________________________________
1Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University (Pirogov University), Moscow, Russia;
2United Hospital with a Polyclinic, Moscow, Russia;
3Research Institute of Pulmonology, Moscow, Russia
*baharevatatyana3@gmail.com
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