1. Айламазян Э.К., Тарасова М.А., Ерофеева Л.В., Григорьева В.А. Комбинированные оральные контрацептивы и факторы риска заболеваний сердечно-сосудистой системы. Пробл. репрод. 1997; 3: 59–62.
2. Тарасова М.А., Кобилянская В.А. Факторы риска тромбофилии и атеросклероза: влияние возраста и приема эстроген-гестагенных контрацептивов. Журн. акуш. и женск. бол. 1999; 48 (3): 39–42.
3. Fraser I, McCarron G. Randomised trial of 2 hormonal and 2 prostaglandin-inhibiting agents in women with a complaint of menorrhagia. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol 1991; 31: 66–70.
4. Flynn AM. Symptothermal and hormonal markers of potenttial fertility in climacteric women. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1991; 165: 1987–9.
5. Gray RH. Biological and interactions in determinations of late fertility. J Biosoc Sci 1979; (Suppl). 6: 97–115.
6. Gray RH, Doyle PE. The epidemiology of contraception and fertility. Obstetrical epidemiology. Ed. by S.L.Barron et al. London, 1983; p. 25–60.
7. Guillebaud J. Contraception for women over 35 years of age. Br J Fam Plan 1992; 17: 115–8.
8. Metcalf MG, Donald RA, Livesey JH. Pituitary-ovarian function in normal women during the menopausal transition. Clin Endocrinol 1981; 14 (3): 245–55.
9. O'Reilly-Green C, Cohen WR. Pregnancy in women aged 40 and older. Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am 1993; 20: 313–31.
10. Vessey M, Painter R, Mant J. Oral contraception and other factors in relation to hospital referral for menstrual problems without known underlying cause: findings in a large cohort study. Br J Fam Plann 1996; 22: 166–9.
11. Milman N, Kirchhoff M, Jorgensen T. Iron status markers, serum ferritin and haemoglobin in 1359 Danish women in relation to menstruation, hormonal contraception, parity and postmenopausal hormone treatment. Ann Hematol 1992; 65 (2): 96–102.
12. Lanes SF, Birmann B, Walker AM et al. Oral contraceptive type and functional ovarian cysts. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1992; 166: 956–61.
13. Holt VL, Daling JR, McKnight B et al. Functional ovarian cysts in relation to the use of monophasic and triphasic oral contaceptives. Obstet Gynecol 1992; 79: 529–33.
14. Westhoff C, Britton JA, Gammon MD et al. Oral contraceptive and benign ovarian tumors. Am J Epidemiol 2000; 152: 242–6.
15. Monographs on the evaluation of carcinogenic risks to humans combined estrogen-progestogen contraceptives. Int Agency Res Cancer 2005; 91.
16. Whittemore AS, Balise RR, Pharouh PD et al. Oral contraceptive use and ovarian cancer risk among carriers of BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations. Br J Cancer 2004; 91: 1911–5.
17. International Agency for Research in Cancer (IARC). Monographs on the evaluation of carcinogenic risks to humans. Hormonal contraception and post menopausal hormonal therapy. 1999; 72. Lyons: WHO IARC, 1999.
18. Weiderpass E, Adami HO, Baron JA et al. Use of oral contraceptives and endometrial cancer risk (Sweden). Cancer Causes Control 1999; 10: 277–84.
19. Castelo-Branco C, Vicente JJ, Pons F et al. Bone mineral density in young, hypothalamic oligomenorrheic women treated with oral contraceptives. J Reprod Med 2001; 46: 875–9.
20. Vercellini P et al. Comparison of contraceptive ring and patch for the treatment of symptomatic endometriosis. Fertil Steril 2009.
21. Munoz MT, Morande G, Garcia-Centerera JA et al. The effects of estrogen administration on bone mineral density in adolescents with anorexia nervosa. Eur J Endocrinol 2002; 146: 45–50.
22. Spector TD, Hochberg MC. The protective effect of the oral contraceptive pill on rheumatoid arthritis: an overview of the analytic epidemiological studies using meta-analysis. J Clin Epidemiol 1990; 43: 1221–30.
23. Drossaers-Bakker KW, Zwinderman AH, van Zeben D et al. Pregnancy and oral contraceptive use do not significantly influence outcome in long-term rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 2002; 61: 405–8.
24. Combined oral contraceptives containing desogestrel or gestodene and the risk of venous thromboembolism. Medicines Commission. Cur Probl Pharmacovigil 1999; 25: 12.
25. Dinger JC, Heinemann LA, Kuhl-Habich K. The safety of a drospirenone-containing oral contraceptive: final results from the European Active Surveillance Study on oral contraceptives based on 142,475 women-years of observation. Contraception 2007; 75: 344–54.
26. Vandenbroucke JP, Koster T, Briet E et al. Increased risk of venous thrombosis in oral contraceptive users who are carriers of factor V Leiden mutation. Lancet 1994; 344: 1453–7.
27. Ischaemic stroke and combined oral contraceptives: results of an international, multicentre, case-control study. WHO Collaborative Study of Cardiovascular Disease and Steroid Hormone Contraception. Lancet 1996; 348: 498–505.
28. Croft P, Hannaford P. Risk factors for acute myocardial infarction in women – evidence from RCGP Oral Contraceptive Study. BMJ 1989; 298: 165–8.
29. Collaborative group on hormonal factors in breast cancer. Breast cancer and hormonal contraceptives: collaborative reanalysis of individual data on 53 297 women with breast cancer and 100239 women without breast cancer from 54 epidemiological studies. Lancet 1996; 347: 1713–27.
30. Silvera SAN, Miller AB, Rohan TE. Oral contraceptive use and risk of breast cancer among women with a family history of breast cancer: a prospective cohort study. Cancer Causes Control 2005; 16: 1059–63.
31. Moreno V, Bosch FX, Munoz N et al. Effect of oral contraceptives on risk of cervical cancer in women with human papillomavirus infection: the IARC multicentric case-control study. Lancet 2002; 359: 1085–92.
32. Silvera SAN, Miller AB, Rohan TE. Oral contraceptive use and risk of breast cancer among women with a family history ofbreast cancer: a prospective cohort study. Cancer Causes Control 2005; 16: 1059–63.
33. Moreno V, Bosch FX, Munoz N et al. Effect of oral contraceptives on risk of cervical cancer in women with human papillomavirus infection: the IARC multicentric case-control study. Lancet 2002; 359: 1085–92.
34. Hannaford P, Selvaraja S, Elliot A et al. Cancer risk among users of oral contraceptives: cohort data from the Royal College of General Practitioner’s oral contraceptive study. Br Med J 2007; 335: 651.
35. Barreiros F. Bleeding patterns of women using extended regimens of the contraceptive vaginal ring. Contraception 2007; 75 (3): 204–8.
36. Miller L et al. Extended regimens of the contraceptive vaginal ring. Obstet Gynecology 2005; 106: 473–82.
37. Sulak P. Frequency and Management of Breakthrough Bleeding with Continuous Use of The Transvaginal Contraceptive Ring. Obstet Gynecol 2008; 112: 563–71.
________________________________________________
1. Айламазян Э.К., Тарасова М.А., Ерофеева Л.В., Григорьева В.А. Комбинированные оральные контрацептивы и факторы риска заболеваний сердечно-сосудистой системы. Пробл. репрод. 1997; 3: 59–62.
2. Тарасова М.А., Кобилянская В.А. Факторы риска тромбофилии и атеросклероза: влияние возраста и приема эстроген-гестагенных контрацептивов. Журн. акуш. и женск. бол. 1999; 48 (3): 39–42.
3. Fraser I, McCarron G. Randomised trial of 2 hormonal and 2 prostaglandin-inhibiting agents in women with a complaint of menorrhagia. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol 1991; 31: 66–70.
4. Flynn AM. Symptothermal and hormonal markers of potenttial fertility in climacteric women. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1991; 165: 1987–9.
5. Gray RH. Biological and interactions in determinations of late fertility. J Biosoc Sci 1979; (Suppl). 6: 97–115.
6. Gray RH, Doyle PE. The epidemiology of contraception and fertility. Obstetrical epidemiology. Ed. by S.L.Barron et al. London, 1983; p. 25–60.
7. Guillebaud J. Contraception for women over 35 years of age. Br J Fam Plan 1992; 17: 115–8.
8. Metcalf MG, Donald RA, Livesey JH. Pituitary-ovarian function in normal women during the menopausal transition. Clin Endocrinol 1981; 14 (3): 245–55.
9. O'Reilly-Green C, Cohen WR. Pregnancy in women aged 40 and older. Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am 1993; 20: 313–31.
10. Vessey M, Painter R, Mant J. Oral contraception and other factors in relation to hospital referral for menstrual problems without known underlying cause: findings in a large cohort study. Br J Fam Plann 1996; 22: 166–9.
11. Milman N, Kirchhoff M, Jorgensen T. Iron status markers, serum ferritin and haemoglobin in 1359 Danish women in relation to menstruation, hormonal contraception, parity and postmenopausal hormone treatment. Ann Hematol 1992; 65 (2): 96–102.
12. Lanes SF, Birmann B, Walker AM et al. Oral contraceptive type and functional ovarian cysts. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1992; 166: 956–61.
13. Holt VL, Daling JR, McKnight B et al. Functional ovarian cysts in relation to the use of monophasic and triphasic oral contaceptives. Obstet Gynecol 1992; 79: 529–33.
14. Westhoff C, Britton JA, Gammon MD et al. Oral contraceptive and benign ovarian tumors. Am J Epidemiol 2000; 152: 242–6.
15. Monographs on the evaluation of carcinogenic risks to humans combined estrogen-progestogen contraceptives. Int Agency Res Cancer 2005; 91.
16. Whittemore AS, Balise RR, Pharouh PD et al. Oral contraceptive use and ovarian cancer risk among carriers of BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations. Br J Cancer 2004; 91: 1911–5.
17. International Agency for Research in Cancer (IARC). Monographs on the evaluation of carcinogenic risks to humans. Hormonal contraception and post menopausal hormonal therapy. 1999; 72. Lyons: WHO IARC, 1999.
18. Weiderpass E, Adami HO, Baron JA et al. Use of oral contraceptives and endometrial cancer risk (Sweden). Cancer Causes Control 1999; 10: 277–84.
19. Castelo-Branco C, Vicente JJ, Pons F et al. Bone mineral density in young, hypothalamic oligomenorrheic women treated with oral contraceptives. J Reprod Med 2001; 46: 875–9.
20. Vercellini P et al. Comparison of contraceptive ring and patch for the treatment of symptomatic endometriosis. Fertil Steril 2009.
21. Munoz MT, Morande G, Garcia-Centerera JA et al. The effects of estrogen administration on bone mineral density in adolescents with anorexia nervosa. Eur J Endocrinol 2002; 146: 45–50.
22. Spector TD, Hochberg MC. The protective effect of the oral contraceptive pill on rheumatoid arthritis: an overview of the analytic epidemiological studies using meta-analysis. J Clin Epidemiol 1990; 43: 1221–30.
23. Drossaers-Bakker KW, Zwinderman AH, van Zeben D et al. Pregnancy and oral contraceptive use do not significantly influence outcome in long-term rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 2002; 61: 405–8.
24. Combined oral contraceptives containing desogestrel or gestodene and the risk of venous thromboembolism. Medicines Commission. Cur Probl Pharmacovigil 1999; 25: 12.
25. Dinger JC, Heinemann LA, Kuhl-Habich K. The safety of a drospirenone-containing oral contraceptive: final results from the European Active Surveillance Study on oral contraceptives based on 142,475 women-years of observation. Contraception 2007; 75: 344–54.
26. Vandenbroucke JP, Koster T, Briet E et al. Increased risk of venous thrombosis in oral contraceptive users who are carriers of factor V Leiden mutation. Lancet 1994; 344: 1453–7.
27. Ischaemic stroke and combined oral contraceptives: results of an international, multicentre, case-control study. WHO Collaborative Study of Cardiovascular Disease and Steroid Hormone Contraception. Lancet 1996; 348: 498–505.
28. Croft P, Hannaford P. Risk factors for acute myocardial infarction in women – evidence from RCGP Oral Contraceptive Study. BMJ 1989; 298: 165–8.
29. Collaborative group on hormonal factors in breast cancer. Breast cancer and hormonal contraceptives: collaborative reanalysis of individual data on 53 297 women with breast cancer and 100239 women without breast cancer from 54 epidemiological studies. Lancet 1996; 347: 1713–27.
30. Silvera SAN, Miller AB, Rohan TE. Oral contraceptive use and risk of breast cancer among women with a family history of breast cancer: a prospective cohort study. Cancer Causes Control 2005; 16: 1059–63.
31. Moreno V, Bosch FX, Munoz N et al. Effect of oral contraceptives on risk of cervical cancer in women with human papillomavirus infection: the IARC multicentric case-control study. Lancet 2002; 359: 1085–92.
32. Silvera SAN, Miller AB, Rohan TE. Oral contraceptive use and risk of breast cancer among women with a family history ofbreast cancer: a prospective cohort study. Cancer Causes Control 2005; 16: 1059–63.
33. Moreno V, Bosch FX, Munoz N et al. Effect of oral contraceptives on risk of cervical cancer in women with human papillomavirus infection: the IARC multicentric case-control study. Lancet 2002; 359: 1085–92.
34. Hannaford P, Selvaraja S, Elliot A et al. Cancer risk among users of oral contraceptives: cohort data from the Royal College of General Practitioner’s oral contraceptive study. Br Med J 2007; 335: 651.
35. Barreiros F. Bleeding patterns of women using extended regimens of the contraceptive vaginal ring. Contraception 2007; 75 (3): 204–8.
36. Miller L et al. Extended regimens of the contraceptive vaginal ring. Obstet Gynecology 2005; 106: 473–82.
37. Sulak P. Frequency and Management of Breakthrough Bleeding with Continuous Use of The Transvaginal Contraceptive Ring. Obstet Gynecol 2008; 112: 563–71.
Авторы
М.А.Тарасова
НИИ акушерства и гинекологии им. Д.О.Отта СЗО РАМН
(дир. – академик РАМН, доктор мед. наук, проф. Э.К.Айламазян), Санкт-Петербург