Эндокринные аспекты нарушений менструального цикла и их коррекции у женщин репродуктивного возраста с избыточной массой тела

1. De Pergola G, Tartagni M, d'Angelo F et al. Abdominal fat accumulation, and not insulin resistance, is associated to oligomenorrhea in non-hyperandrogenic overweight/obese women. J Endocrinol Invest 2009; 32 (2): 98–101.
2. Poretsky L, Cataldo NA, Rosenwaks Z, Giudice LC. The insulin-related ovarian regulatory system in health and disease. Endocrine Review 1999; 20: 535–82.
3. Pasquali R, Gambineri A. Metabolic effects of obesity on reproduction. Reproductive Biomedicine Online 2006; 12: 542–51.
4. Matthaei S, Stumvoll M, Kellerer M, Haring HU. Pathophysiology and pharmacological treatment of insulin resistance. Endocrine Reviews 2000; 21: 585–618.
5. Kiddy DS, Hamilton-Fairley D, Bush A et al. Improvement in endocrine and ovarian function during dietary treatment of obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Clin Endocrinol 1992; 36: 105–11.
6. Pettigrew R, Hamilton-Fairley D. Obesity and female reproductive function. Brit Med Bulletin 1997; 53: 341–58.
7. Butzow TL, Lehtovirta M, Siegberg R et al. The decrease in luteinizing hormone secretion in response to weight reduction is inversely related to the severity of insulin resistance in overweight women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2000; 85: 3271–5.
8. Clark AM, Thornley B, Tomlinson L et al. Weight loss in obese infertile women results in improvement in reproductive outcome for all forms of fertility treatment. Hum Reprod 1998; 13: 1502–5.
9. Zhang Y, Proenca R, Maffei M et al. Positional cloning of the mouse obese gene and its human homologue. Nature 1994; 372: 425–32.
10. Licinio J, Mantzoros C, Negrao AB et al. Human leptin levels are pulsatile and inversely related to pituitary-adrenal function. Nature Med 1997; 3: 575–9.
11. Jin L, Zhang S, Burguera BG et al. Leptin and leptin receptor expression in rat and mouse pituitary cells. Endocrinol 2000; 141 (1): 333–9.
12. Karlsson C, Lindell K, Svensson E et al. Expression of functional leptin receptors in the human ovary. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1997; 82 (12): 4144–8.
13. Kitawaki J, Koshiba H, Ishihara H et al. Expression of leptin receptor in human endometrium and fluctuation during the menstrual cycle. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2000; 85 (5): 1946–50.
14. Saad MF, Riad-Gabriel MG, Khan A et al. Diurnal and ultradian rhythmicity of plasma leptin: effects of gender and adiposity. J Clin Endocrin Metab 1998; 83: 453–9.
15. Чубриева С.Ю., Глухов Н.В., Зайчик А.М. Жировая ткань как эндокринный регулятор. Вестн. Санкт-Петербургского ун-та. 2008. Вып 1; с. 32–43.
16. Norman RJ, Clark AM. Obesity and reproductive disorders: a review. Reprod Fertil Development 1998; 10: 55–63.
17. Messinis IE, Milingos SD. Leptin in human reproduction. Hum Reprod Update 1999; 5: 52–63.
18. Tamer Erel C, Senturk LM. The impact of body mass index on assisted reproduction. Cur Opin Obstet Gynecol 2009; 21: 228–35.
19. Brannian JD, Hansen KA. Leptin and ovarian folliculogenesis: implications for ovulation induction and ART outcomes. Seminars Reprod Med 2002; 20: 103–12.
20. Moschos S, Chan JL, Mantzoros CS. Leptin and reproduction: a review. Fertil Steril 2002; 77: 433–44.
21. Cioffi JA, Van Blerkom J, Antczak M et al. The expression of leptin and its receptors in pre-ovulatory human follicles. Mol Hum Reprod 1997; 3: 467–72.
22. Karlsson C, Lindell K, Svensson E et al. Expression of functional leptin receptors in the human ovary. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1997; 82: 4144–8.
23. Agarwal SK, Vogel K, Weitsman SR, Magoffin DA. Leptin antagonizes the insulin-like growth factor-I augmentation of steroidogenesis in granulosa and theca cells of the human ovary. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1999; 84: 1072–6.
24. Cervero A, Horcajadas JA, Dominguez F et al. Leptin system in embryo development and implantation: a protein in search of a function. Reprod Biomed Online 2005; 10: 217–23.
25. Strobel A, Issad T, Camoin L et al. A leptin missense mutation associated with hypogonadism and morbid obesity. Nat Genet 1998; 18: 213–5.
26. Castellucci M, De Matteis R, Meisser A et al. Leptin modulates extracellular matrix molecules and metalloproteinases: possible implications for trophoblast invasion. Mol Hum Reprod 2000; 6: 951–8.
27. Gonzalez RR, Caballero-Campo P, Jasper M et al. Leptin and leptin receptor are expressed in the human endometrium and endometrial leptin secretion is regulated by the human blastocyst. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2000; 85: 4883–8.
28. Kawamura K, Sato N, Fukuda J et al. The role of leptin during the development of mouse preimplantation embryos. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2003; 202: 185–9.
29. Maffei M, Halaas J, Ravussin E et al. Leptin levels in human and rodent: measurement of plasma leptin and ob RNA in obese and weight-reduced subjects. Nature Med 1995; 1: 1155–61.
30. Stamets K, Taylor DS, Kunselman A et al. A randomized trial of the effects of two types of short-term hypocaloric diets on weight loss in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Fertil Steril 2004; 81: 630–7.
31. Gosman GG, Katcher HI, Legro RS. Obesity and the role of gut and adipose hormones in female reproduction. Hum Reprod Update 2006; 12: 585–601.
32. Considine RV, Sinha MK, Heiman ML et al. Serum immunoreactive-leptin concentrations in normal-weight and obese humans. New Engl J Med 1996; 334: 292–5.
33. Brzechffa PR, Jakimiuk AJ, Agarwal SK et al. Serum immunoreactive leptin concentrations in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1996; 81: 4166–9.
34. Vicennati V, Gambineri A, Calzoni F et al. Serum leptin in obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome is correlated with body weight and fat distribution but not with androgen and insulin levels. Metab 1998; 47: 988–92.
35. El Orabi H, Ghalia AA, Khalifa A et al. Serum leptin as an additional possible pathogenic factor in polycystic ovary syndrome. Clin Biochem 1999; 32: 71–5.
36. Baranowska B, Radzikowska M, Wasilewska-Dziubinska E et al. Leptin, galanin and insulin in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Gynecol Endocrinol 1999; 13: 344–51.
37. Sir-Petermann T, Piwonka V, Perez F et al. Are circulating leptin and luteinizing hormone synchronized in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome? Hum Reprod 1999; 14: 1435–9.
38. Krassas GE, Kaltsas TT, Pontikides N et al. Leptin levels in women with polycystic ovary syndrome before and after treatment with diazoxide. Eur J Endocrinol 1998; 139: 184–9.
39. Morin-Papunen LC, Koivunen RM, Tomas C et al. Decreased serum leptin concentrations during metformin therapy in obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1998; 83: 2566–8.
40. Pasquali R, Gambineri A, Biscotti D et al. Effect of long-term treatment with metformin added to hypocaloric diet on body composition, fat distribution, and androgen and insulin levels in abdominally obese women with and without the polycystic ovary syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2000; 85: 2767–74.
41. Kowalska I, Kinalski M, Straczkowski M et al. Insulin, leptin, IGF-I and insulin-dependent protein concentrations after insulin-sensitizing therapy in obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Eur J Endocrinol 2001; 144: 509–15.
42. Межевитинова Е.А., Довлетханова Э.Р. Возможности применения дидрогестерона у женщин с недостаточностью лютеиновой фазы менструального цикла. Гинекология. 2010; 12 (3): 5–28.
43. Крапивина Н.А. Оптимизация лечения ожирения у женщин репродуктивного возраста. Автореф. дис. … канд. мед. наук. Кемерово, 2005.
44. Тиканова В.В. Дифференцированное лечение больных с нарушениями менструального цикла на фоне ожирения. Автореф. дис. … канд. мед. наук. М., 2005.
45. Morin-Papunen LC, Koivunen RM, Tomas C et al. Decrease serum leptin concentration during metformin therapy in obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1998; 83 (7): 2566–8.
46. Руководство по контрацепции. Под ред. В.Н.Прилепской. М.: МЕДпресс-информ, 2006.
47. Глазкова О.Л., Топольская И.В., Подзолкова Н.М. Динамика метаболического синдрома у больных с железисто-кистозной гиперплазией эндометрия на фоне гормональной терапии. Актуальные вопросы акушерства и гинекологии. Сб. науч. матер. Под ред. В.И.Кулакова, В.Н.Серова. 2001–2002; 1 (1): 146–7.
48. Чернуха Г.Е. Аденоматозная и железистая гиперплазия эндометрия в репродуктивном возрасте (патогенез, клиника, лечение). Дис. … д-ра мед. наук. М., 1999.
49. Clark AM, Thornley B, Tomlinson L et al. Weight loss in obese infertile women results in improvement in reproductive outcome for all forms of fertility treatment. Hum Reprod 1998; 13: 1502–5.
50. Hahn S, Haselhorst U, Quadbeck B et al. Decreased soluble leptin receptor levels in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Eur J Endocrinol 2006; 154 (2): 287–94.
51. Hollmann M, Runnebaum B, Gerhard I. Impact of waist-hip-ratio and body-mass-index on hormonal and metabolic parameters in young, obese women. Int J Obes Relat Metab Dis 1997; 21: 476–83.

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1. De Pergola G, Tartagni M, d'Angelo F et al. Abdominal fat accumulation, and not insulin resistance, is associated to oligomenorrhea in non-hyperandrogenic overweight/obese women. J Endocrinol Invest 2009; 32 (2): 98–101.
2. Poretsky L, Cataldo NA, Rosenwaks Z, Giudice LC. The insulin-related ovarian regulatory system in health and disease. Endocrine Review 1999; 20: 535–82.
3. Pasquali R, Gambineri A. Metabolic effects of obesity on reproduction. Reproductive Biomedicine Online 2006; 12: 542–51.
4. Matthaei S, Stumvoll M, Kellerer M, Haring HU. Pathophysiology and pharmacological treatment of insulin resistance. Endocrine Reviews 2000; 21: 585–618.
5. Kiddy DS, Hamilton-Fairley D, Bush A et al. Improvement in endocrine and ovarian function during dietary treatment of obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Clin Endocrinol 1992; 36: 105–11.
6. Pettigrew R, Hamilton-Fairley D. Obesity and female reproductive function. Brit Med Bulletin 1997; 53: 341–58.
7. Butzow TL, Lehtovirta M, Siegberg R et al. The decrease in luteinizing hormone secretion in response to weight reduction is inversely related to the severity of insulin resistance in overweight women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2000; 85: 3271–5.
8. Clark AM, Thornley B, Tomlinson L et al. Weight loss in obese infertile women results in improvement in reproductive outcome for all forms of fertility treatment. Hum Reprod 1998; 13: 1502–5.
9. Zhang Y, Proenca R, Maffei M et al. Positional cloning of the mouse obese gene and its human homologue. Nature 1994; 372: 425–32.
10. Licinio J, Mantzoros C, Negrao AB et al. Human leptin levels are pulsatile and inversely related to pituitary-adrenal function. Nature Med 1997; 3: 575–9.
11. Jin L, Zhang S, Burguera BG et al. Leptin and leptin receptor expression in rat and mouse pituitary cells. Endocrinol 2000; 141 (1): 333–9.
12. Karlsson C, Lindell K, Svensson E et al. Expression of functional leptin receptors in the human ovary. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1997; 82 (12): 4144–8.
13. Kitawaki J, Koshiba H, Ishihara H et al. Expression of leptin receptor in human endometrium and fluctuation during the menstrual cycle. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2000; 85 (5): 1946–50.
14. Saad MF, Riad-Gabriel MG, Khan A et al. Diurnal and ultradian rhythmicity of plasma leptin: effects of gender and adiposity. J Clin Endocrin Metab 1998; 83: 453–9.
15. Чубриева С.Ю., Глухов Н.В., Зайчик А.М. Жировая ткань как эндокринный регулятор. Вестн. Санкт-Петербургского ун-та. 2008. Вып 1; с. 32–43.
16. Norman RJ, Clark AM. Obesity and reproductive disorders: a review. Reprod Fertil Development 1998; 10: 55–63.
17. Messinis IE, Milingos SD. Leptin in human reproduction. Hum Reprod Update 1999; 5: 52–63.
18. Tamer Erel C, Senturk LM. The impact of body mass index on assisted reproduction. Cur Opin Obstet Gynecol 2009; 21: 228–35.
19. Brannian JD, Hansen KA. Leptin and ovarian folliculogenesis: implications for ovulation induction and ART outcomes. Seminars Reprod Med 2002; 20: 103–12.
20. Moschos S, Chan JL, Mantzoros CS. Leptin and reproduction: a review. Fertil Steril 2002; 77: 433–44.
21. Cioffi JA, Van Blerkom J, Antczak M et al. The expression of leptin and its receptors in pre-ovulatory human follicles. Mol Hum Reprod 1997; 3: 467–72.
22. Karlsson C, Lindell K, Svensson E et al. Expression of functional leptin receptors in the human ovary. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1997; 82: 4144–8.
23. Agarwal SK, Vogel K, Weitsman SR, Magoffin DA. Leptin antagonizes the insulin-like growth factor-I augmentation of steroidogenesis in granulosa and theca cells of the human ovary. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1999; 84: 1072–6.
24. Cervero A, Horcajadas JA, Dominguez F et al. Leptin system in embryo development and implantation: a protein in search of a function. Reprod Biomed Online 2005; 10: 217–23.
25. Strobel A, Issad T, Camoin L et al. A leptin missense mutation associated with hypogonadism and morbid obesity. Nat Genet 1998; 18: 213–5.
26. Castellucci M, De Matteis R, Meisser A et al. Leptin modulates extracellular matrix molecules and metalloproteinases: possible implications for trophoblast invasion. Mol Hum Reprod 2000; 6: 951–8.
27. Gonzalez RR, Caballero-Campo P, Jasper M et al. Leptin and leptin receptor are expressed in the human endometrium and endometrial leptin secretion is regulated by the human blastocyst. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2000; 85: 4883–8.
28. Kawamura K, Sato N, Fukuda J et al. The role of leptin during the development of mouse preimplantation embryos. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2003; 202: 185–9.
29. Maffei M, Halaas J, Ravussin E et al. Leptin levels in human and rodent: measurement of plasma leptin and ob RNA in obese and weight-reduced subjects. Nature Med 1995; 1: 1155–61.
30. Stamets K, Taylor DS, Kunselman A et al. A randomized trial of the effects of two types of short-term hypocaloric diets on weight loss in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Fertil Steril 2004; 81: 630–7.
31. Gosman GG, Katcher HI, Legro RS. Obesity and the role of gut and adipose hormones in female reproduction. Hum Reprod Update 2006; 12: 585–601.
32. Considine RV, Sinha MK, Heiman ML et al. Serum immunoreactive-leptin concentrations in normal-weight and obese humans. New Engl J Med 1996; 334: 292–5.
33. Brzechffa PR, Jakimiuk AJ, Agarwal SK et al. Serum immunoreactive leptin concentrations in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1996; 81: 4166–9.
34. Vicennati V, Gambineri A, Calzoni F et al. Serum leptin in obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome is correlated with body weight and fat distribution but not with androgen and insulin levels. Metab 1998; 47: 988–92.
35. El Orabi H, Ghalia AA, Khalifa A et al. Serum leptin as an additional possible pathogenic factor in polycystic ovary syndrome. Clin Biochem 1999; 32: 71–5.
36. Baranowska B, Radzikowska M, Wasilewska-Dziubinska E et al. Leptin, galanin and insulin in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Gynecol Endocrinol 1999; 13: 344–51.
37. Sir-Petermann T, Piwonka V, Perez F et al. Are circulating leptin and luteinizing hormone synchronized in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome? Hum Reprod 1999; 14: 1435–9.
38. Krassas GE, Kaltsas TT, Pontikides N et al. Leptin levels in women with polycystic ovary syndrome before and after treatment with diazoxide. Eur J Endocrinol 1998; 139: 184–9.
39. Morin-Papunen LC, Koivunen RM, Tomas C et al. Decreased serum leptin concentrations during metformin therapy in obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1998; 83: 2566–8.
40. Pasquali R, Gambineri A, Biscotti D et al. Effect of long-term treatment with metformin added to hypocaloric diet on body composition, fat distribution, and androgen and insulin levels in abdominally obese women with and without the polycystic ovary syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2000; 85: 2767–74.
41. Kowalska I, Kinalski M, Straczkowski M et al. Insulin, leptin, IGF-I and insulin-dependent protein concentrations after insulin-sensitizing therapy in obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Eur J Endocrinol 2001; 144: 509–15.
42. Межевитинова Е.А., Довлетханова Э.Р. Возможности применения дидрогестерона у женщин с недостаточностью лютеиновой фазы менструального цикла. Гинекология. 2010; 12 (3): 5–28.
43. Крапивина Н.А. Оптимизация лечения ожирения у женщин репродуктивного возраста. Автореф. дис. … канд. мед. наук. Кемерово, 2005.
44. Тиканова В.В. Дифференцированное лечение больных с нарушениями менструального цикла на фоне ожирения. Автореф. дис. … канд. мед. наук. М., 2005.
45. Morin-Papunen LC, Koivunen RM, Tomas C et al. Decrease serum leptin concentration during metformin therapy in obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1998; 83 (7): 2566–8.
46. Руководство по контрацепции. Под ред. В.Н.Прилепской. М.: МЕДпресс-информ, 2006.
47. Глазкова О.Л., Топольская И.В., Подзолкова Н.М. Динамика метаболического синдрома у больных с железисто-кистозной гиперплазией эндометрия на фоне гормональной терапии. Актуальные вопросы акушерства и гинекологии. Сб. науч. матер. Под ред. В.И.Кулакова, В.Н.Серова. 2001–2002; 1 (1): 146–7.
48. Чернуха Г.Е. Аденоматозная и железистая гиперплазия эндометрия в репродуктивном возрасте (патогенез, клиника, лечение). Дис. … д-ра мед. наук. М., 1999.
49. Clark AM, Thornley B, Tomlinson L et al. Weight loss in obese infertile women results in improvement in reproductive outcome for all forms of fertility treatment. Hum Reprod 1998; 13: 1502–5.
50. Hahn S, Haselhorst U, Quadbeck B et al. Decreased soluble leptin receptor levels in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Eur J Endocrinol 2006; 154 (2): 287–94.
51. Hollmann M, Runnebaum B, Gerhard I. Impact of waist-hip-ratio and body-mass-index on hormonal and metabolic parameters in young, obese women. Int J Obes Relat Metab Dis 1997; 21: 476–83.

С.С.Апетов, С.Ю.Калинченко

Кафедра эндокринологии ФПКМР ГОУ ВПО РУДН, Москва

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S.S.Apetov, S.Y.Kalinchenko