Роль активации классического пути системы комплемента и усиления экспрессии гена С3 модифицированными липопротеинами низкой плотности в развитии атеросклероза
Роль активации классического пути системы комплемента и усиления экспрессии гена С3 модифицированными липопротеинами низкой плотности в развитии атеросклероза
Роль активации классического пути системы комплемента и усиления экспрессии гена С3 модифицированными липопротеинами низкой плотности в развитии атеросклероза
Изложена роль модифицированного липопротеина низкой плотности в активации классического пути системы комплемента и в увеличении экпрессии гена С3 в человеческих макрофагах, указывается на то, как эти процессы влияют на прогрессирование атеросклеротического поражения кровеносных сосудов.
The role of modified low density lipoprotein in the activation of the classical pathway of the complement system and increasing expression C3 gene in human macrophages is described, role of these processes on the progression of atherosclerotic vascular lesions is considering.
Keywords: complement, modified LDL, the classical pathway, the C3 gene expression.
Список литературы
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29. Gal P, Barna L, Kocsis A, Zavodszky P. Serine proteases of the classical and lectin pathways: similarities and differences. Immunobiology. 2007;212:267-77. doi: 10.1016/j.imbio.2006.11.002
30. Matsushita M, Endo Y, Fujita T. MASP1 (MBL-associated serine protease 1). Immunobiology. 1998;199:340-7. doi: 10.1016/S0171-2985(98)80038-7
31. Dahl MR, Thiel S, Matsushita M, et al. MASP-3 and its association with distinct complexes of the mannan-binding lectin complement activation pathway. Immunity. 2001;15:127-35. doi: 10.1016/S1074-7613(01)00161-3
32. Takahashi M, Iwaki D, Kanno K, et al. Mannose-binding lectin (MBL)-associated serine protease (MASP)-1 contributes to activation of the lectin complement pathway. J Immunol. 2008;180:6132-8.
doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.180.9.6132
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35. Steinberg D. Low density lipoprotein oxidation and its pathobiological significance. J Biol Chem. 1997;272(34):20963-6. doi: 10.1074/ jbc.272.34.20963
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38. Steinberg D, Parthasarathy S, Carew TE, Khoo JC, Witztum JL. Beyond cholesterol: modifications of low-density lipoprotein that increase its atherogenicity. New Engl J Med. 1989;320(14):915-24.
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doi: 10.1016/j.it.2004.04.008
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________________________________________________
1. [Drapkina OM, Gegenava BB. Myocardial fibrosis in patients with diabetes mellitus. Effektivnaya Farmakoterapiya v Kardiologii = Rational Pharmacotherapy in Cardiology 2013;9(1):62-5 (In Russ.)].
2. [Drapkina OM, Gegenava BB. Statins and Carbohydrate Turnover. Effektivnaya Farmakoterapiya. Endokrinologiya = Rational Pharmacotherapy. Endocrinology. 2015;(32):24-31 (In Russ.)].
3. [Drapkina OM, Gegenava BB. Diabetes and heart – myocardial damage in diabetic cardiomyopathy. Endokrinologiya: Novosti, Mneniya, Obuchenie = Endocrinology: News, Reviews, Education. 2015;(3):84-92 (In Russ.)].
4. Ricklin D, Hajishengallis G, Yang K, Lambris JD. Complement: A key system for immune surveillance and homeostasis. Nat Immunol. 2010;11:785-97. doi: 10.1038/ni.1923
5. Ross R. Atherosclerosis. An inflammatory disease. N Engl J Med. 1999;340:115-26. doi: 10.1056/NEJM199901143400207
6. Getz GS. Thematic review series. The immune system and atherogenesis. Immune function in atherogenesis. J Lipid Res. 2005;46:1-10.
doi: 10.1194/jlr.R400013-JLR200
7. Yasojima K, Schwab C, McGeer EG, McGeer PL. Complement components, but not complement inhibitors, are up-regulated in atherosclerotic plaques. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2001;21:1214-9.
doi: 10.1161/hq0701.092160
8. Hansson GK, Holm J, Kral JG. Accumulation of IgG and complement factor C3 in human arterial endothelium and atherosclerotic lesions. Acta Pathol Microbiol Immunol Scand. 1984;A92:429-35.
doi: 10.1111/j.1699-0463.1984.tb04424.x
9. Schmiedt W, Kinscherf R, Deigner HP, Kamencic H, Nauen O, Kilo J, Oelert H, Metz J, Bhakdi S. Complement C6 deficiency protects against diet-induced atherosclerosis in rabbits. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 1998;18:1790-5. doi: 10.1161/01.ATV.18.11.1790
10. Patel S, Thelander EM, Hernandez M, Montenegro J, Hassing H, Burton C, Mundt S, Hermanowski-Vosatka A, Wright SD, Chao YS, Detmers PA. ApoE(-/-) mice develop atherosclerosis in the absence of complement component C5. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2001;286:164-70. doi: 10.1006/bbrc.2001.5276
11. Buono C, Come CE, Witztum JL, Maguire GF, Connelly PW, Carroll M, Lichtman AH. Influence of C3 deficiency on atherosclerosis. Circulation. 2002;105:3025-31. doi: 10.1161/01.CIR.0000019584. 04929.83
12. Persson L, Borén J, Robertson AK, Wallenius V, Hansson GK, Pekna M. Lack of complement factor C3, but not factor B, increases hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E−/− low density lipoprotein receptor−/− mice. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2004;24:1062-7. doi: 10.1161/01.ATV.0000127302.24266.40
13. Onat A, Can G, Rezvani R, Cianflone K. Complement C3 and cleavage products in cardiometabolic risk. Clin Chim Acta. 2011;412:1171-9. doi: 10.1016/j.cca.2011.03.005
14. Muscari A, Massarelli G, Bastagli L, Poggiopollini G, Tomassetti V, Drago G, Martignani C, Pacilli P, Boni P, Puddu P. Relationship of serum C3 to fasting insulin, risk factors, and previous ischaemic events in middle-aged men. Eur Heart J. 2000;21:1081-90. doi: 10.1053/euhj.1999.2013
15. Ajjan R, Grant PJ, Futers TS, Brown JM, Cymbalista CM, Boothby M, Carter AM. Complement C3 and C-reactive protein levels in patients with stable coronary artery disease. Thromb Haemost. 2005;94:1048-53. doi: 10.1160/TH05-06-0384
16. Speidl WS, Kastl SP, Huber K, Wojta J. Complement in atherosclerosis: friend or foe? J Thromb Haemost. 2011;9:428-40. doi: 10.1111/j. 1538-7836.2010.04172.x
17. Walport MJ. Complement. First of two parts. N Engl J Med. 2001;344:1058-66. doi: 10.1056/NEJM200104053441406
18. Janeway CA Jr, Travers P, Walport M, Shlomchik M. Immunobiology: The Immune System in Health and Disease. 6th ed. New York: Garland Publishing; 2005.
19. Volanakis JE, Frank MM. The Human Complement System in Health and Disease. New York: Marcel Dekker Inc.; 1998.
20. Walport MJ. Complement. Second of two parts. N Engl J Med. 2001;344:1140-4. doi: 10.1056/NEJM200104123441506
21. Dunkelberger JR, Wen-Chao Song. Complement and its role in innate and adaptive immune responses. Cell Res. 2010;20:34-50.
doi: 10.1038/cr.2009.139. (Pub online 15 December 2009).
22. Medzhitov R, Janeway C Jr. Innate immunity. N Engl J Med. 2000;343:338-44. doi: 10.1056/NEJM200008033430506
23. Medzhitov R, Janeway CA Jr. Decoding the patterns of self and nonself by the innate immune system. Science. 2002;296:298-300.
doi: 10.1126/science.1068883
24. Gordon S. Pattern recognition receptors: doubling up for the innate immune response. Cell. 2002;111:927-30. doi: 10.1016/S0092-8674(02) 01201-1
25. Epstein J, Eichbaum Q, Sheriff S, Ezekowitz RA. The collectins in innate immunity. Curr Opin Immunol. 1996;8:29-35. doi: 10.1016/ S0952-7915(96)80101-4
26. Fujita T, Endo Y, Nonaka M. Primitive complement system–recognition and activation. Mol Immunol. 2004;41:103-11. doi: 10.1016/ j.molimm.2004.03.026
27. Harmat V, Gal P, Kardos J, et al. The structure of MBL-associated serine protease-2 reveals that identical substrate specificities of C1s and MASP-2 are realized through different sets of enzyme-substrate interactions. J Mol Biol. 2004;342:1533-46. doi: 10.1016/j.jmb.2004.07.014
28. Bally I, Rossi V, Lunardi T, et al. Identification of the C1q-binding sites of human C1r and C1s: a refined three-dimensional model of the C1 complex of complement. J Biol Chem. 2009;284:19340-8. doi: 10.1074/ jbc.M109.004473
29. Gal P, Barna L, Kocsis A, Zavodszky P. Serine proteases of the classical and lectin pathways: similarities and differences. Immunobiology. 2007;212:267-77. doi: 10.1016/j.imbio.2006.11.002
30. Matsushita M, Endo Y, Fujita T. MASP1 (MBL-associated serine protease 1). Immunobiology. 1998;199:340-7. doi: 10.1016/S0171-2985(98)80038-7
31. Dahl MR, Thiel S, Matsushita M, et al. MASP-3 and its association with distinct complexes of the mannan-binding lectin complement activation pathway. Immunity. 2001;15:127-35. doi: 10.1016/S1074-7613(01)00161-3
32. Takahashi M, Iwaki D, Kanno K, et al. Mannose-binding lectin (MBL)-associated serine protease (MASP)-1 contributes to activation of the lectin complement pathway. J Immunol. 2008;180:6132-8.
doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.180.9.6132
33. Dobo J, Harmat V, Beinrohr L, et al. MASP-1, a promiscuous complement protease: structure of its catalytic region reveals the basis of its broad specificity. J Immunol. 2009;183:1207-14. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.0901141
34. Hourcade DE. Properdin and complement activation: a fresh perspective. Curr Drug Targets. 2008;9:158-64. doi: 10.2174/13894500 8783502458
35. Steinberg D. Low density lipoprotein oxidation and its pathobiological significance. J Biol Chem. 1997;272(34):20963-6. doi: 10.1074/ jbc.272.34.20963
36. Bhakdi S, Dorweiler B, Kirchmann R, et al. On the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis: enzymatic transformation of human low density lipoprotein to an atherogenic moiety. J Exper Med. 1995;182(6):1959-71. doi: 10.1084/jem.182.6.1959
37. Torzewski M, Suriyaphol P, Paprotka K, et al. Enzymatic modification of low-density lipoprotein in the arterial wall: a new role for plasmin and matrix metalloproteinases in atherogenesis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2004;24(11):2130-6. doi: 10.1161/01.ATV.0000144016. 85221.66
38. Steinberg D, Parthasarathy S, Carew TE, Khoo JC, Witztum JL. Beyond cholesterol: modifications of low-density lipoprotein that increase its atherogenicity. New Engl J Med. 1989;320(14):915-24.
doi: 10.1056/NEJM198904063201407
39. Wieland E, Parthasarathy S, Steinberg D. Peroxidase-dependent metal-independent oxidation of low density lipoprotein in vitro: a model for in vivo oxidation? Proc Nat Acad Sci U S A. 1993;90(13):5929-33. doi: 10.1073/pnas.90.13.5929
40. Chao FF, Amende LM, Blanchette-Mackie EJ, et al. Unesterified cholesterol-rich lipid particles in atherosclerotic lesions of human and rabbit aortas. Am J Pathol. 1988;131(1):73-83.
41. Chao FF, Blanchette-Mackie EJ, Tertov VV, Skarlatos SI, Chen YJ, Kruth HS. Hydrolysis of cholesteryl ester in low density lipoprotein converts this lipoprotein to a liposome. J Biol Chem. 1992;267(7): 4992-8.
42. Torzewski M, Lackner KJ. Initiation and progression of atherosclerosis – enzymatic or oxidative modification of low-density lipoprotein? Clin Chem Lab Med. 2006;44(12):1389-94. doi: 10.1515/CCLM.2006.259
43. Seifert PS, Hugo F, Tranum-Jensen J, Zahringer U, Muhly M, Bhakdi S. Isolation and characterization of a complement-activating lipid extracted from human atherosclerotic lesions. J Exper Med. 1990;172(2):547-57. doi: 10.1084/jem.172.2.547
44. Gaboriaud C, Thielens NM, Gregory LA, Rossi V, Fontecilla-Camps JC, Arlaud GJ. Structure and activation of the C1 complex of complement: unraveling the puzzle. Trends Immunol. 2004;25(7):368-73.
doi: 10.1016/j.it.2004.04.008
45. Arlaud GJ, Biro A, Wai Li Ling. Enzymatically Modified Low-Density Lipoprotein Is Recognized by C1q and Activates the Classical Complement Pathway. J Lipids. 2011;2011:Article ID 376092, 5 pages.
46. Biró A, Thielens NM, Cervenák L, Prohászka Z, Füst G, Arlaud GJ. Modified low density lipoproteins differentially bind and activate the C1 complex of complement. Mol Immunol. 2007;44(6):1169-77.
doi: 10.1016/j.molimm.2006.06.013
47. Biro A, Ling WL, Arlaud GJ. Complement protein c1q recognizes enzymatically modified low-density lipoprotein through unesterified fatty acids generated by cholesterol esterase. Biochemistry. 2010;49 (10):2167-76. doi: 10.1021/bi9021022
48. Ziccardi RJ. A new role for C1-inhibitor in homeostasis: control of activation of the first component of human complement. J Immunol. 1982;128(6):250-8.
49. Garlatti V, Chouquet A, Lunardi T, et al. Cutting edge: C1q binds deoxyribose and heparan sulfate through neighboring sites of its recognition domain. J Immunol. 2010;185(2):808-12. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.1000184
50. Pentikäinen MO, Lehtonen EMP, Kovanen PT. Aggregation and fusion of modified low density lipoprotein. J Lipid Res. 1996;37(12):
2638-49.
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Авторы
О.М. Драпкина, Б.Б. Гегенава, В.В. Фомин
ФГАОУ ВО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова» Минздрава России
(Сеченовский Университет), Москва, Россия
________________________________________________
O.M. Drapkina, B.B. Gegenava, V.V. Fomin
I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia