В статье представлен литературный обзор распространенности, патогенеза и прогноза хронической сердечной недостаточности (ХСН) у больных сахарным диабетом типа 2 (СД 2). СД и ХСН приобретают статус эпидемии XXI в. и требуют от здравоохранения затрат на профилактику и лечение этих заболеваний. Применение современных фармакологических препаратов и инструментальных методов лечения сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний (ССЗ) увеличивает продолжительность жизни и значительно улучшает качество жизни пациентов с ХСН как с нормальным углеводным обменом (УО), так и с СД 2. Однако риск сердечно-сосудистой смертности (ССС) у больных СД 2 по сравнению с имеющими нормальный УО остается на прежнем уровне. Стремительно растущая популяция больных СД 2 в скором времени изменит сложившиеся в последние годы представления улучшения прогноза лечения ССЗ. Нарушение ремоделирования миокарда при СД 2 обусловлено комбинацией факторов, связанных с диабетической кардиомиопатией, снижением метаболической активности кардиомиоцитов, недостаточным транспортом глюкозы в клетки, эндотелиальной дисфункцией, диабетической макро- и микроангиопатией, фиброзом миокарда, приводящих к нарушению наполнения левого желудочка и развитию ХСН. Инсулинорезистентность (ИР) и компенсаторная гиперинсулинемия (ГИ) играют ключевую роль в патогенезе СД 2. Для улучшения результатов лечения, направленного на снижение риска ХСН у больных СД 2 и нарушенной толерантностью к глюкозе (НТГ), необходимо достижение традиционной первичной цели, а именно контроля гликемии. Так как ИР и компенсаторная ГИ играют ключевую роль в патогенезе СД 2 и тесно связаны с риском развития артериальной гипертензии и ССЗ, обусловленных атеросклерозом, то при лечении больных СД 2 и НТГ с ХСН необходимо применение препаратов, влияющих на ИР.
The article presents a literature review of prevalence, prognosis and treatment of overt tactics of chronic heart failure (CHF) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Diabetes and heart failure acquire the status of the epidemic of the XXI century and require health care costs for prevention and treatment of these diseases. Application of modern pharmacological preparations and instrumental treatment of cardiovascular disease (CVD) increases life expectancy and improves the quality of life of patients with CHF as with normal carbohydrate metabolism (UO), and with type 2 diabetes. However, the risk of cardiovascular mortality (CAS) in patients with type 2 diabetes, compared to having a normal carbohydrate metabolism remains unchanged. The rapidly growing population of patients with type 2 diabetes will soon change this in recent years to improve representation treatment prognosis of cardiovascular disease. Violation of myocardial remodeling in type 2 diabetes is caused by a combination of factors associated with diabetic cardiomyopathy. Reduction of the metabolic activity of cardiomyocytes insufficient glucose transport into cells, endothelial dysfunction, diabetic macro and microangiopathy myocardial fibrosis leading to disruption of filling the left ventricle (LV) and the development of chronic heart failure.
Insulin resistance (IR) and compensatory hyperinsulinemia (GI) play a key role in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. With effective treatment of chronic heart failure by cardiologists in patients with type 2 diabetes, affecting therapy with insulin resistance should be mandatory.
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Авторы
С.В.Какорин*1, И.А.Аверкова2, А.М.Мкртумян2
1 ГБУЗ Городская клиническая больница №4 Департамента здравоохранения г. Москвы. 115093, Россия, Москва, ул. Павловская, д. 25;
2 ГБОУ ВПО Московский государственный медико-стоматологический университет им. А.И.Евдокимова Минздрава России. 127473, Россия, Москва, ул. Делегатская, д. 20, стр. 1
*kakorin-s@yandex.ru
________________________________________________
S.V.Kakorin*1, I.A.Averkova2, A.M.Mkrtumyan2
1 Moscow City Hospital №4. 115093, Russian Federation, Moscow, Pavlovskaya str., 25;
2 Moscow State Medical Stomatological University named by A.I.Evdokimova of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. 127473, Russian Federation, Moscow, ul. Delegatskaya, d. 20, building 1
*kakorin-s@yandex.ru