Iskenderov B.G., Sisina O.N. The cardiorenal prognosis in patients underwent cardiac surgery therapy complicated by an acute kidney injury. Cardiosomatics. 2015; 6 (2): 35–39.
Iskenderov B.G., Sisina O.N. The cardiorenal prognosis in patients underwent cardiac surgery therapy complicated by an acute kidney injury. Cardiosomatics. 2015; 6 (2): 35–39.
Проанализированы частота развития острого повреждения почек (ОПП) у пациентов, подвергшихся разным кардиохирургическим вмешательствам, и его влияние на кардиоренальный прогноз в зависимости от исходной функции почек. Обследованы 1126 больных (595 мужчин и 531 женщина) в возрасте от 32 до 68 лет (62,3±5,2 года), у которых выполнялись коррекция клапанных пороков сердца, аортокоронарное шунтирование (АКШ) и их сочетание. У 656 лиц (1-я группа) до операции величина скорости клубочковой фильтрации составила выше 60 мл/мин/1,73 м2 и у 470 пациентов (2-я группа) – от 59 до 45 мл/мин/1,73 м2, определяемая по формуле CKD-EPI (Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration). ОПП диагностировали по уровню креатинина сыворотки, используя критерии AKIN (Acute Kidney Injury Network). В ранний послеоперационный период ОПП в 1-й группе диагностировалось у 23,9% больных и во 2-й – у 38,7% (p<0,001). Во 2-й группе послеоперационные осложнения были значительно чаще, чем в 1-й. Внутрибольничная летальность в 1-й группе составила 4,9%, в том числе у лиц с ОПП – 14,1%, а во 2-й – 12,1 и 18,1% соответственно. По результатам 12-месячного наблюдения, регресс почечной дисфункции во 2-й группе отмечен у 47,9% лиц, перенесших ОПП, и у 56,9% пациентов – без ОПП. Наоборот, прогрессирование хронической болезни почек (ХБП) во 2-й группе выявлено у 11,0% больных, перенесших ОПП, и у 4,5% – без него (p=0,013). В 1-й группе у 5,7% лиц, перенесших ОПП, наблюдалось развитие ХБП. Во 2-й группе программный гемодиализ проводился у 5,2% пациентов, перенесших ОПП, и у 0,7% лиц, не имевших ОПП (p=0,01). За 12 мес наблюдения после АКШ неблагоприятные кардиоваскулярные события в 1-й группе у больных, перенесших ОПП, обнаруживались чаще, чем у пациентов без ОПП, а также во 2-й группе у лиц с прогрессированием ХБП. Сердечно-сосудистая смертность в течение 12 мес после выписки из стационара в 1-й группе у больных, перенесших ОПП, составила 7,8%, у пациентов без ОПП – 2,0% (p<0,01) и во 2-й – 11,8 и 5,2% соответственно (p<0,05). Обнаружено, что развитие послеоперационного ОПП и прогрессирование течения ХБП после кардиохирургических вмешательств ассоциируются с неблагоприятным кардиоренальным прогнозом.
Frequency of development of the acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients underwent different cardiac interventions, and its influence on the cardiorenal prognosis depending on initial function of kidneys is analyzed. 1126 patients (595 men and 531 women) aged from 32 till 68 years (62.3±5.2 years) at which at which prosthetics of valves of heart, coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and their combination are examined. In 656 patients (the 1st group) before operation the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was upper than 60 ml/min/1.73 m2 and in 470 patients (the 2nd group) ranged from 59 to 45 ml/min/1.73 m2, determined by a formula CKD-EPI (Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration). AKI was diagnosed by level of serum creatinine (sCr) using criteria of AKIN (Acute Kidney Injury Network). In early postoperative period AKI was diagnosed in 23.9% of patients in the 1st group and in 38.7% of patients in the 2nd group (p<0.001). The frequency of the early postoperative complications was higher in the 2nd group than in the 1st group. The in-hospital mortality in the 1st group accounted for 4.9%, including patients with AKI (14.1%), and in the 2nd group – 12.1 and 18.1% respectively. By results of 12-month observation, regress of renal dysfunction in the 2nd group is noted in 47.9% of the patients with AKI and in 56.9% of patients – without AKI. On the contrary, progressing of the chronic kidney disease (CKD) in the 2nd group is revealed in 11.0% of the patients with AKI and in 4.5% – without AKI (p=0.013). In the 2nd group the program hemodialysis in 5.2% of the patients who had AKI and in 0.7% of patients without AKI was required (p=0.01). Within 12 months of observation after CABG adverse cardiovascular events in the 1st group in patients who had AKI were found more often than in patients without AKI, and also in the 2nd group in patients with progressing of CKD. Cardiovascular mortality within 12 months after discharge from hospital in the 1st group in the patients who had AKI accounted for 7.8%, in patients without AKI 2.0% (p<0.01) and in the 2nd group – 11.8 and 5.2% respectively (p<0.05). It is revealed that development of postoperative AKI and progressing of a previous CKD after cardiac surgery therapy are associated with the adverse cardiorenal prognosis.
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18. Joao RB, Ariadne P, Charles BN et al. Analysis of renal function after coronary artery bypass grafting on-pump and off-pump. J Russian Cardiol 2014; 111 (S7): 10–26.
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1. Garsia-Donaire Zh.A., Ruilope L.M. Kardio-vaskuliarno-renal'nye sviazi v kardiorenal'nom kontinuume. Nefrologiia. 2013; 17 (1): 11–41. [in Russian]
2. Mukhin N.A., Moiseev V.S. Kardiorenal'nye sootnosheniia i risk serdechno-sosudistykh zabolevanii. Vestn. RAMN. 2003; 11: 50–5. [in Russian]
3. Berl T, Henrich W. Kidney-heart interactions: epidemiology, pathogenesis, and treatment. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2006; 1: 8–18.
4. Bagshaw SM, Cruz DN, Aspromonte N et al. Epidemiology of cardiorenal syndromes: workgroup statements from the 7th ADQI Consensus Conference. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2010; 25: 1777–84.
5. Shilov E.N., Fomin V.V., Shvetsov M.Iu. Khronicheskaia bolezn' pochek. Ter. arkhiv. 2007; 6: 75–8. [in Russian]
6. Iskenderov B.G, Sisina O.N. Faktory riska i iskhody ostrogo povrezhdeniia pochek u patsientov s sokhrannoi funktsiei pochek, podvergnutykh aortokoronarnomu shuntirovaniiu. Nefrologiia. 2013; 17 (3): 63–7. [in Russian]
7. Lombardi R, Ferreiro A. Risk factors profile for acute kidney injury after cardiac surgery is different according to the level of baseline renal function. Ren Fail 2008; 30:155–60.
8. Hsu CY, Ordonez JD, Chertow GM et al. The risk of acute renal failure in patients with chronic kidney disease. Kidney Int 2008; 74: 101–7.
9. Iskenderov B.G., Sisina O.N. Chastota i prediktory ostrogo povrezhdeniia pochek u bol'nykh, podvergshikhsia korrektsii klapannykh porokov serdtsa. Klin. nefrologiia 2013; 4: 21–5. [in Russian]
10. Hobson CE, Yavas S, Segal MS et al. Acute kidney injury is associated with increased long-term mortality after cardiothoracic surgery. Circulation 2009; 119: 2444–53.
11. Thakar C, Worley S, Arrigain S et al. Influence of renal dysfunction on mortality after cardiac surgery: modifying effect of preoperative renal function. Kidney Int 2005; 67: 1112–9.
12. Huang TM, Wu VC, Young GH. Preoperative proteinuria predicts adverse renal outcomes after coronary artery bypass grafting. J Am Soc Nephrol 2011; 22: 156–63.
13. Coca SG, Jammalamadaka D, Sint K et al. Preoperative proteinuria predicts acute kidney injury in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2012; 143: 495–502.
14. James MT, Hemmelgarn BR, Wiebe N. Glomerular filtration rate, proteinuria and the incidence and consequences of acute kidney injury: a cohort study. Lancet 2010; 376: 2096–103.
15. Khosla N, Soroko SB, Chertow GM. Preexisting chronic kidney disease: a potential for improved outcomes from acute kidney injury. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2009; 4: 1914–9.
16. Smirnov A.V., Kaiukov I.G., Degtiareva O.A. i dr. Problemy diagnostiki i stratifikatsii tiazhesti ostrogo povrezhdeniia pochek. Nefrologiia. 2009; 13 (3): 9–18. [in Russian]
17. Akcay A, Turkmen K, Lee D, Edelstein LE. Update on the diagnosis and management of acute kidney injury. Int J Nephrol Renovasc Dis 2010; 3: 129–40.
18. Joao RB, Ariadne P, Charles BN et al. Analysis of renal function after coronary artery bypass grafting on-pump and off-pump. J Russian Cardiol 2014; 111 (S7): 10–26.
Авторы
Б.Г.Искендеров*, О.Н.Сисина
ГБОУ ДПО Пензенский институт усовершенствования врачей Минздрава России. 440060, Россия, Пенза, ул. Стасова, д. 8а
*iskenderovbg@mail.ru
________________________________________________
B.G.Iskenderov*, O.N.Sisina
Penza Institute of Post-graduate Medical Training of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. 440060, Russian Federation, Penza, ul. Stasova, d. 8A
*iskenderovbg@mail.ru