1. Сунцов Ю.И., Болотская Л.Л., Маслова О.В. и др. Эпидемиология сахарного диабета и прогноз его распространенности в Российской Федерации. Сахарный диабет. 2011; 1: 15–8. / Suntsov Iu.I., Bolotskaia L.L., Maslova O.V. i dr. Epidemiologiia sakharnogo diabeta i prognoz ego rasprostranennosti v Rossiiskoi Federatsii. Sakharnyi diabet. 2011; 1: 15–8. [in Russian]
2. Алгоритмы специализированной медицинской помощи больным сахарным диабетом. Седьмой выпуск. Под. ред. И.И.Дедова, М.В.Шестаковой. М.: Информполиграф, 2015. / Algoritmy spetsializirovannoi meditsinskoi pomoshchi bol'nym sakharnym diabetom. Sed'moi vypusk. Pod. red. I.I.Dedova, M.V.Shestakovoi. M.: Informpoligraf, 2015. [in Russian]
3. Дедов И.И., Шестакова М.В. Сахарный диабет в пожилом возрасте: диагностика, клиника, лечение. Практическое руководство для врачей. М.: Дипак, 2011. / Dedov I.I., Shestakova M.V. Sakharnyi diabet v pozhilom vozraste: diagnostika, klinika, lechenie. Prakticheskoe rukovodstvo dlia vrachei. M.: Dipak, 2011. [in Russian]
4. Аметов А.С., Карпова Е.В. Подходы к терапии пожилых пациентов с сахарным диабетом 2-го типа, преимущества ингибитора ДПП-4 вилдаглиптина и клинические аспекты его применения. РМЖ. Эндокринология. 2011; 11: 853–7. / Ametov A.S., Karpova E.V. Podkhody k terapii pozhilykh patsientov s sakharnym diabetom 2-go tipa, preimushchestva ingibitora DPP-4 vildagliptina i klinicheskie aspekty ego primeneniia. RMZh. Endokrinologiia. 2011; 11: 853–7. [in Russian]
5. Халимов Ю.Ш., Салухов В.В., Улупова Е.О. Гипогликемии как основной фактор выбора целей гликемического контроля и тактики лечения больных сахарным диабетом типа 2. Consilium Medicum. 2012; 14 (12): 25–30. / Khalimov Iu.Sh., Salukhov V.V., Ulupova E.O. Gipoglikemii kak osnovnoi faktor vybora tselei glikemicheskogo kontrolia i taktiki lecheniia bol'nykh sakharnym diabetom tipa 2. Consilium Medicum. 2012; 14 (12): 25–30. [in Russian]
6. Abdelhafiz AH, Bailey C, Eng Loo B, Sinclair A. Hypoglycaemic symptoms and hypoglycaemia threshold in older people with diabetes – a patient perspective. J Nutr Health Aging 2013; 17 (10): 899–902.
7. Meneilly GS, Cheung E, Tuokko H. Altered responses to hypoglycemia of healthy elderly people. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1994; 78 (6): 1341–8.
8. Laubscher T, Regier L, Bareham J. Diabetes in the frail elderly: individualization of glycemic management. Can Fam Physician 2012; 58 (5): 543–6.
9. Shorr RI, Ray WA, Daugherty JR, Griffin MR. Incidence and risk factors for serious hypoglycemia in older persons using insulin or sulfonylureas. Arch Intern Med 1997; 157 (15): 1681–6.
10. Ortiz-Alonso FJ, Galecki A, Herman WH et al. Hypoglycemia counterregulation in elderly humans: relationship to glucose levels. Am J Physiol 1994; 267 (4 pt. 1): E497–E506.
11. Bremer JP, Jauch-Chara K, Hallschmid M et al. B. Hypoglycemia unawareness in older compared with middle-aged patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2009; 32 (8): 1513–7.
12. Prinz N, Stingl J, Dapp A et al. High rate of hypoglycemia in 6770 type 2 diabetes patients with comorbid dementia: A multicenter cohort study on 215.932 patients from the German/Austrian diabetes registry. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2016; 112: 73–81.
13. Суркова Е.В. Подходы к лечению сахарного диабета в пожилом возрасте: возможности применения инсулина НовоМикс 30. Фарматека. 2011; 16: 20–8. / Surkova E.V. Podkhody k lecheniiu sakharnogo diabeta v pozhilom vozraste: vozmozhnosti primeneniia insulina NovoMiks 30. Farmateka. 2011; 16: 20–8. [in Russian]
14. Vischer UM, Perrenoud L, Genet C et al. The high prevalence of malnutrition in elderly diabetic patients: implications for anti-diabetic drug treatments. Diabet Med 2010; 27 (8): 918–24.
15. Schwartz AV, Margolis KL, Sellmeyer DE et al. Intensive glycemic control is not associated with fractures or falls in the ACCORD randomized trial. Diabetes Care 2012; 35 (7): 1525–31.
16. Puar TH, Khoo JJ, Cho LW et al. Association between glycemic control and hip fracture. J Am Geriatr Soc 2012; 60 (8): 1493–7.
17. Du YF, Ou HY, Beverly EA, Chiu CJ. Achieving glycemic control in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes: a critical comparison of current options Clinical Interventions in Aging. 2014; 9: 1963.
18. Один В.И., Беликова Т.В., Шустов С.Б. и др. Сахарный диабет у пожилых: коморбидные характеристики пациентов с различными онтогенетическими формами болезни. Успехи геронтологии. 2006; 18: 90–5. / Odin V.I., Belikova T.V., Shustov S.B. i dr. Sakharnyi diabet u pozhilykh: komorbidnye kharakteristiki patsientov s razlichnymi ontogeneticheskimi formami bolezni. Uspekhi gerontologii. 2006; 18: 90–5. [in Russian]
19. Alvarez GF, Tofe PS, Krishnarajah G et al. Hypoglycaemic symptoms, treatment satisfaction, adherence and their associations with glycaemic goal in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: findings from the Real-Life Effectiveness and Care Patterns of Diabetes Management (RECAPDM) Study. Diabetes Obes Metab 2008; 10 (Suppl. 1): 25–32.
20. Шмелева О.О., Арьев А.Л., Шарипова М.М. Особенности внутренней картины болезни у пациентов пожилого и старческого возраста с сахарным диабетом 2 типа. Вестн. СЗГМУ им. И.И.Мечникова. 2011; 3 (1): 80–5. / Shmeleva O.O., Ar'ev A.L., Sharipova M.M. Osobennosti vnutrennei kartiny bolezni u patsientov pozhilogo i starcheskogo vozrasta s sakharnym diabetom 2 tipa. Vestn. SZGMU im. I.I.Mechnikova. 2011; 3 (1): 80–5. [in Russian]
21. Kirkman M, Briscoe VJ, Clark N et al. Diabetes in older adults. Diabetes Care 2012; 35 (12): 2650–64.
22. Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes-2013 American Diabetes Association. Diabetes Care 2013; 36:11–66.
23. Cryer PE. The barrier of hypoglycemia in diabetes. Diabetes 2008; 57 (12): 3169–76.
24. Seaquist ER, Anderson J, Childs B et al. Hypoglycemia and diabetes: a report of a workgroup of the American Diabetes Association and the Endocrine Society. Diabetes Care 2013; 36 (5): 1384–95.
25. Miller DR, Finckel G, Lafrance JP et al. Hypoglycaemia and risk of myocardial infarction in U.S. veterans with Diabetes. EASD 2009. Diabetologia 2009; 52 (Suppl. 1).
26. Климонтов В.В., Циберкин А.И., Фазуллина О.Н. Гипогликемии у пожилых больных сахарным диабетом 2 типа, получающих инсулин: результаты непрерывного мониторирования глюкозы. Сахарный диабет. 2014; 1: 75–80. / Klimontov V.V., Tsiberkin A.I., Fazullina O.N. Gipoglikemii u pozhilykh bol'nykh sakharnym diabetom 2 tipa, poluchaiushchikh insulin: rezul'taty nepreryvnogo monitorirovaniia gliukozy. Sakharnyi diabet. 2014; 1: 75–80. [in Russian]
27. Мисникова И.В., Древаль А.В., Ковалева Ю.А. и др. Значение индивидуальных целевых показателей HbA1С для оценки гликемического контроля у больных СД 2. Сахарный диабет. 2014; 2: 4–9. / Misnikova I.V., Dreval' A.V., Kovaleva Iu.A. i dr. Znachenie individual'nykh tselevykh pokazatelei HbA1С dlia otsenki glikemicheskogo kontrolia u bol'nykh SD 2. Sakharnyi diabet. 2014; 2: 4–9. [in Russian]
28. Черникова Н.А. Роль и место гликемического контроля в управлении сахарным диабетом 2-го типа. Мед. совет. 2013; 3: 76–80. / Chernikova N.A. Rol' i mesto glikemicheskogo kontrolia v upravlenii sakharnym diabetom 2-go tipa. Med. sovet. 2013; 3: 76–80. [in Russian]
29. Susan MR. A practical look at self-monitoring of blood glucose. Insulin 2006; 1 (4): 141–7.
30. Gribovschi M. The methodology of glucose monitoring in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Clujul Med 2013; 86 (2): 93–6.

________________________________________________

1. Suntsov Iu.I., Bolotskaia L.L., Maslova O.V. i dr. Epidemiologiia sakharnogo diabeta i prognoz ego rasprostranennosti v Rossiiskoi Federatsii. Sakharnyi diabet. 2011; 1: 15–8. [in Russian]
2. Algoritmy spetsializirovannoi meditsinskoi pomoshchi bol'nym sakharnym diabetom. Sed'moi vypusk. Pod. red. I.I.Dedova, M.V.Shestakovoi. M.: Informpoligraf, 2015. [in Russian]
3. Dedov I.I., Shestakova M.V. Sakharnyi diabet v pozhilom vozraste: diagnostika, klinika, lechenie. Prakticheskoe rukovodstvo dlia vrachei. M.: Dipak, 2011. [in Russian]
4. Ametov A.S., Karpova E.V. Podkhody k terapii pozhilykh patsientov s sakharnym diabetom 2-go tipa, preimushchestva ingibitora DPP-4 vildagliptina i klinicheskie aspekty ego primeneniia. RMZh. Endokrinologiia. 2011; 11: 853–7. [in Russian]
5. Khalimov Iu.Sh., Salukhov V.V., Ulupova E.O. Gipoglikemii kak osnovnoi faktor vybora tselei glikemicheskogo kontrolia i taktiki lecheniia bol'nykh sakharnym diabetom tipa 2. Consilium Medicum. 2012; 14 (12): 25–30. [in Russian]
6. Abdelhafiz AH, Bailey C, Eng Loo B, Sinclair A. Hypoglycaemic symptoms and hypoglycaemia threshold in older people with diabetes – a patient perspective. J Nutr Health Aging 2013; 17 (10): 899–902.
7. Meneilly GS, Cheung E, Tuokko H. Altered responses to hypoglycemia of healthy elderly people. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1994; 78 (6): 1341–8.
8. Laubscher T, Regier L, Bareham J. Diabetes in the frail elderly: individualization of glycemic management. Can Fam Physician 2012; 58 (5): 543–6.
9. Shorr RI, Ray WA, Daugherty JR, Griffin MR. Incidence and risk factors for serious hypoglycemia in older persons using insulin or sulfonylureas. Arch Intern Med 1997; 157 (15): 1681–6.
10. Ortiz-Alonso FJ, Galecki A, Herman WH et al. Hypoglycemia counterregulation in elderly humans: relationship to glucose levels. Am J Physiol 1994; 267 (4 pt. 1): E497–E506.
11. Bremer JP, Jauch-Chara K, Hallschmid M et al. B. Hypoglycemia unawareness in older compared with middle-aged patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2009; 32 (8): 1513–7.
12. Prinz N, Stingl J, Dapp A et al. High rate of hypoglycemia in 6770 type 2 diabetes patients with comorbid dementia: A multicenter cohort study on 215.932 patients from the German/Austrian diabetes registry. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2016; 112: 73–81.
13. Surkova E.V. Podkhody k lecheniiu sakharnogo diabeta v pozhilom vozraste: vozmozhnosti primeneniia insulina NovoMiks 30. Farmateka. 2011; 16: 20–8. [in Russian]
14. Vischer UM, Perrenoud L, Genet C et al. The high prevalence of malnutrition in elderly diabetic patients: implications for anti-diabetic drug treatments. Diabet Med 2010; 27 (8): 918–24.
15. Schwartz AV, Margolis KL, Sellmeyer DE et al. Intensive glycemic control is not associated with fractures or falls in the ACCORD randomized trial. Diabetes Care 2012; 35 (7): 1525–31.
16. Puar TH, Khoo JJ, Cho LW et al. Association between glycemic control and hip fracture. J Am Geriatr Soc 2012; 60 (8): 1493–7.
17. Du YF, Ou HY, Beverly EA, Chiu CJ. Achieving glycemic control in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes: a critical comparison of current options Clinical Interventions in Aging. 2014; 9: 1963.
18. Odin V.I., Belikova T.V., Shustov S.B. i dr. Sakharnyi diabet u pozhilykh: komorbidnye kharakteristiki patsientov s razlichnymi ontogeneticheskimi formami bolezni. Uspekhi gerontologii. 2006; 18: 90–5. [in Russian]
19. Alvarez GF, Tofe PS, Krishnarajah G et al. Hypoglycaemic symptoms, treatment satisfaction, adherence and their associations with glycaemic goal in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: findings from the Real-Life Effectiveness and Care Patterns of Diabetes Management (RECAPDM) Study. Diabetes Obes Metab 2008; 10 (Suppl. 1): 25–32.
20. Shmeleva O.O., Ar'ev A.L., Sharipova M.M. Osobennosti vnutrennei kartiny bolezni u patsientov pozhilogo i starcheskogo vozrasta s sakharnym diabetom 2 tipa. Vestn. SZGMU im. I.I.Mechnikova. 2011; 3 (1): 80–5. [in Russian]
21. Kirkman M, Briscoe VJ, Clark N et al. Diabetes in older adults. Diabetes Care 2012; 35 (12): 2650–64.
22. Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes-2013 American Diabetes Association. Diabetes Care 2013; 36:11–66.
23. Cryer PE. The barrier of hypoglycemia in diabetes. Diabetes 2008; 57 (12): 3169–76.
24. Seaquist ER, Anderson J, Childs B et al. Hypoglycemia and diabetes: a report of a workgroup of the American Diabetes Association and the Endocrine Society. Diabetes Care 2013; 36 (5): 1384–95.
25. Miller DR, Finckel G, Lafrance JP et al. Hypoglycaemia and risk of myocardial infarction in U.S. veterans with Diabetes. EASD 2009. Diabetologia 2009; 52 (Suppl. 1).
26. Klimontov V.V., Tsiberkin A.I., Fazullina O.N. Gipoglikemii u pozhilykh bol'nykh sakharnym diabetom 2 tipa, poluchaiushchikh insulin: rezul'taty nepreryvnogo monitorirovaniia gliukozy. Sakharnyi diabet. 2014; 1: 75–80. [in Russian]
27. Misnikova I.V., Dreval' A.V., Kovaleva Iu.A. i dr. Znachenie individual'nykh tselevykh pokazatelei HbA1С dlia otsenki glikemicheskogo kontrolia u bol'nykh SD 2. Sakharnyi diabet. 2014; 2: 4–9. [in Russian]
28. Chernikova N.A. Rol' i mesto glikemicheskogo kontrolia v upravlenii sakharnym diabetom 2-go tipa. Med. sovet. 2013; 3: 76–80. [in Russian]
29. Susan MR. A practical look at self-monitoring of blood glucose. Insulin 2006; 1 (4): 141–7.
30. Gribovschi M. The methodology of glucose monitoring in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Clujul Med 2013; 86 (2): 93–6.

М.М.Петрова*1, Е.А.Пронина1, Е.В.Крижановская2

1 ГБОУ ВПО Красноярский государственный медицинский университет им. проф. В.Ф.Войно-Ясенецкого Минздрава России. 660022, Россия, Красноярск, ул. Партизана Железняка, д. 1;
2 КГБУЗ Красноярская межрайонная поликлиника №5. 660049, Россия, Красноярск, ул. Ленина, д. 43
*stk99@yandex.ru

________________________________________________

M.M.Petrova*1, E.A.Pronina1, E.V.Krizhanovskaya2

1 V.F.Voino-Yasenetskiy Krasnoyarsk State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. 660022, Russian Federation, Krasnoyarsk, ul. Partizana Zhelezniaka, d. 1;
2 Krasnoyarsk Interdistrict City Clinical Hospital №5. 660049, Russian Federation, Krasnoyarsk, ul. Lenina, d. 43
*stk99@yandex.ru