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Приоритеты самоконтроля гликемии в лечении сахарного диабета - Научно-практический журнал Cardioсоматика Том 10, №1 (2019)
Приоритеты самоконтроля гликемии в лечении сахарного диабета
Бирюкова Е.В., Шинкин М.В., Ганекова Е.С. Приоритеты самоконтроля гликемии в лечении сахарного диабета. CardioСоматика. 2019; 10 (1): 36–41. DOI: 10.26442/22217185.2019.1.190245
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Аннотация
Цель. Осветить роль самоконтроля гликемии (СКГ) в лечении сахарного диабета (СД) и профилактике сосудистых осложнений заболевания.
Материалы и методы. Рассмотрены данные 57 научных источников, опубликованных в российской и зарубежной печати в 2005–2017 гг.
Результаты и заключение. СД – хроническое заболевание, связанное с развитием микро- и макрососудистых осложнений, предотвращение которых – важная задача современной медицины. Пациенты с СД в 2–3 раза чаще страдают сердечно-сосудистыми заболеваниями по сравнению с общей популяцией. Основным повреждающим фактором для сердечно-сосудистой системы является гипергликемия. Благодаря исследованиям четко показано, что программы терапевтического ведения, включающие регулярный СКГ, приводят к лучшему снижению уровня гликированного гемоглобина у лиц с СД по сравнению с программами без самоконтроля и помогают многим пациентам избежать поздних осложнений. Частота СКГ коррелирует с уровнем гликированного гемоглобина. Регулярный самоконтроль позволяет избежать резких и опасных колебаний гликемии, в том числе гипогликемий, которые способствуют высокому риску патологии сердца и сосудов. Использование самостоятельного измерения уровня гликемии крови в сочетании со структурированным обучением пациентов связано и с улучшением качества жизни пациентов с СД. Современное понимание самоконтроля подразумевает определенную кратность систематических измерений уровней глюкозы крови (варьирует в зависимости от вида сахароснижающей терапии и степени компенсации диабета) и является важным ориентиром, используемым и врачом, и пациентом для оценки результата лечения и его коррекции при необходимости. Наличие современных глюкометров и умение ими правильно и регулярно пользоваться превращает пациента в активного и полноправного участника управления СД. Достижение и поддержание целевого уровня гликемии во многом зависит от точности показаний глюкометра, поскольку полученные результаты измерения служат основой для изменения сахароснижающей терапии при необходимости. С точки зрения врача, наиболее важным критерием для выбора глюкометра является соответствие стандартам точности, с точки зрения пациента – удобство и простота использования. Благодаря совершенствованию технологий возрастает точность измерений глюкозы крови, упрощается процедура СКГ, что приводит к повышению приверженности лечению и эффективности сахароснижающей терапии.
Ключевые слова: сахарный диабет, осложнения, самоконтроль гликемии, гликированный гемоглобин, глюкометры.
Materials and methods. Data of 57 scientific sources from Russian and foreign literature published within 2005–2017 are considered.
Results and conclusions. DM is a chronic disease associated with a development of micro- and macrovascular complications and to prevent them is an important task of modern medicine. In patients with DM an incidence of cardiovascular diseases is 2–3 times higher compared with the general population. Hyperglycemia is among the major damaging factors for the cardiovascular system. Clinical studies have clearly demonstrated that programs of therapeutic management of diabetic patients which include regular self-monitoring of glycemia lead to a better reduction of glycated hemoglobin levels compared to programs without self-monitoring as well as they help many patients to avoid late complications. СКГ rate is correlated with glycated hemoglobin levels. Regular self-monitoring allows you to avoid sudden and dangerous fluctuations in glycemia, including hypoglycemia, which contribute to high cardiovascular risk. The use of self-monitoring of glycemia in combination with structured patient education is associated with improving the quality of life of patients with DM. Current view on self-monitoring implies a certain frequency of blood glucose systematic measurement (varies depending on the type of glucose-lowering therapy and the degree of diabetes compensation) and is an important reference point used by both the doctor and the patient to assess a treatment outcome and to correct it if necessary. An availability of modern glucometers and skills of their correct and regular use turn a patient into an active and valuable participant in a management of DM. Achieving and maintaining the target glycemia levels depends largely on an accuracy of the glucometer since measurement results provide the basis for changing a glucose-lowering therapy if necessary. From the physician's point of view, the most important criterion for selecting a glucometer is compliance with the accuracy standards, and from the patient’s point of view this is convenience and ease of use. Thanks to improving technologies that increases an accuracy of blood glucose measurements, the procedure for self-monitoring of glycemia is simplified, which contributes to glucose-lowering therapy effectiveness and treatment compliance.
Key words: diabetes mellitus, complications, self-monitoring of glycemia, glycated hemoglobin, glucometers.
Материалы и методы. Рассмотрены данные 57 научных источников, опубликованных в российской и зарубежной печати в 2005–2017 гг.
Результаты и заключение. СД – хроническое заболевание, связанное с развитием микро- и макрососудистых осложнений, предотвращение которых – важная задача современной медицины. Пациенты с СД в 2–3 раза чаще страдают сердечно-сосудистыми заболеваниями по сравнению с общей популяцией. Основным повреждающим фактором для сердечно-сосудистой системы является гипергликемия. Благодаря исследованиям четко показано, что программы терапевтического ведения, включающие регулярный СКГ, приводят к лучшему снижению уровня гликированного гемоглобина у лиц с СД по сравнению с программами без самоконтроля и помогают многим пациентам избежать поздних осложнений. Частота СКГ коррелирует с уровнем гликированного гемоглобина. Регулярный самоконтроль позволяет избежать резких и опасных колебаний гликемии, в том числе гипогликемий, которые способствуют высокому риску патологии сердца и сосудов. Использование самостоятельного измерения уровня гликемии крови в сочетании со структурированным обучением пациентов связано и с улучшением качества жизни пациентов с СД. Современное понимание самоконтроля подразумевает определенную кратность систематических измерений уровней глюкозы крови (варьирует в зависимости от вида сахароснижающей терапии и степени компенсации диабета) и является важным ориентиром, используемым и врачом, и пациентом для оценки результата лечения и его коррекции при необходимости. Наличие современных глюкометров и умение ими правильно и регулярно пользоваться превращает пациента в активного и полноправного участника управления СД. Достижение и поддержание целевого уровня гликемии во многом зависит от точности показаний глюкометра, поскольку полученные результаты измерения служат основой для изменения сахароснижающей терапии при необходимости. С точки зрения врача, наиболее важным критерием для выбора глюкометра является соответствие стандартам точности, с точки зрения пациента – удобство и простота использования. Благодаря совершенствованию технологий возрастает точность измерений глюкозы крови, упрощается процедура СКГ, что приводит к повышению приверженности лечению и эффективности сахароснижающей терапии.
Ключевые слова: сахарный диабет, осложнения, самоконтроль гликемии, гликированный гемоглобин, глюкометры.
________________________________________________
Materials and methods. Data of 57 scientific sources from Russian and foreign literature published within 2005–2017 are considered.
Results and conclusions. DM is a chronic disease associated with a development of micro- and macrovascular complications and to prevent them is an important task of modern medicine. In patients with DM an incidence of cardiovascular diseases is 2–3 times higher compared with the general population. Hyperglycemia is among the major damaging factors for the cardiovascular system. Clinical studies have clearly demonstrated that programs of therapeutic management of diabetic patients which include regular self-monitoring of glycemia lead to a better reduction of glycated hemoglobin levels compared to programs without self-monitoring as well as they help many patients to avoid late complications. СКГ rate is correlated with glycated hemoglobin levels. Regular self-monitoring allows you to avoid sudden and dangerous fluctuations in glycemia, including hypoglycemia, which contribute to high cardiovascular risk. The use of self-monitoring of glycemia in combination with structured patient education is associated with improving the quality of life of patients with DM. Current view on self-monitoring implies a certain frequency of blood glucose systematic measurement (varies depending on the type of glucose-lowering therapy and the degree of diabetes compensation) and is an important reference point used by both the doctor and the patient to assess a treatment outcome and to correct it if necessary. An availability of modern glucometers and skills of their correct and regular use turn a patient into an active and valuable participant in a management of DM. Achieving and maintaining the target glycemia levels depends largely on an accuracy of the glucometer since measurement results provide the basis for changing a glucose-lowering therapy if necessary. From the physician's point of view, the most important criterion for selecting a glucometer is compliance with the accuracy standards, and from the patient’s point of view this is convenience and ease of use. Thanks to improving technologies that increases an accuracy of blood glucose measurements, the procedure for self-monitoring of glycemia is simplified, which contributes to glucose-lowering therapy effectiveness and treatment compliance.
Key words: diabetes mellitus, complications, self-monitoring of glycemia, glycated hemoglobin, glucometers.
Полный текст
Список литературы
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2. Парфенова Е.В., Ткачук В.А. Влияние гипергликемии на ангиогенные свойства эндотелиальных и прогениторных клеток сосудов. Вестн. РАМН. 2012; 38–44. https: //vestnikramn.spr-journal.ru/jour/article/viewFile/354/292
[Parfenova E.V., Tkachuk V.A. Vliianie giperglikemii na angiogennye svoistva endotelial'nykh i progenitornykh kletok sosudov. Vestn. RAMN. 2012; 38–44. https: //vestnikramn.spr-journal.ru/jour/article/viewFile/354/292 (in Russian).]
3. De Pablos-Velasco P, Parhofer KG, Bradley C et al. Current level of glycaemic control and its associated factors in patients with type 2 diabetes across Europe: data from the PANORAMA study. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2014; 80: 47–56, pmid: 23194193.
4. Diabetes Control and Complications Trial/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications (DCCT/EDIC) Research Group, Nathan DM, Zinman B et al. Modern-day clinical course of type 1 diabetes mellitus after 30 years' duration: the diabetes control and complications trial/epidemiology of diabetes interventions and complications and Pittsburgh epidemiology of diabetes complications experience (1983–2005). Arch Intern Med 2009; 169 (14): 1307–16.
5. Duckworth W et al. Glucose control and vascular complications in veterans with type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 2009; 360: 129–39.
6. American Diabetes Association. 6. Glycemic Targets. Diabetes Care 2017; 40 (Suppl. 1): S48–S56.
7. Czupryniak L, Barkai L, Bolgarska S et al. Self-monitoring of blood glucose in diabetes: from evidence to clinical reality in Central and Eastern Europe – recommendations from the international Central-Eastern European expert group. Diabetes Technol Ther 2014; 16 (7): 460–75.
8. Алгоритмы специализированной медицинской помощи больным сахарным диабетом. Под ред. И.И.Дедова, М.В.Шестаковой. 8-й вып. М., 2017.
[Algoritmy spetsializirovannoi meditsinskoi pomoshchi bol'nym sakharnym diabetom. Pod red. I.I.Dedova, M.V.Shestakovoi. 8-i vyp. Moscow, 2017 (in Russian).]
9. Farmer A, Wade A, Goyder E et al. Impact of self monitoring of blood glucose in the management of patients with non-insulin treated diabetes: open parallel group randomised trial. BMJ 2007; 335: 13.
10. Blonde L, Karter AJ. Current evidence regarding the value of self monitored blood glucose testing. Am J Med 2005; 118 (Suppl. 9A): 20S–6S.
11. Clar C et al. Self-monitoring of blood glucose in type 2 diabetes: systematic review. Health Technol Assess 2010; 14 (12): 6.
12. Neisser K, Weber C, Wenzel H, Schneider B. Costs of self-measurement of blood glucose (SMBG) regarding morbidity and mortality in type 2 diabetes in a reality of care setting (The ROSSO study No 6). The European Association for the Study of Diabetes. Abstract Volume 42st Annual Meeting, Copenhagen, Malmoe, 2006; p. 141.
13. Davidson MB, Castellanos M, Kain D et al. The effect of self monitoring of blood glucose concentrations on glycated hemoglobin levels in diabetic patients not taking insulin: a blinded, randomized trial. Am J Med 2005; 118: 422–5.
14. Durán A, Martín P, Runkle I et al. Benefits of self-monitoring blood glucose in the management of new-onset Type 2 diabetes mellitus: the St Carlos Study, a prospective randomized clinic-based interventional study with parallel groups. J Diabetes 2010; 2 (3): 203–11.
15. Polonsky WH, Fisher L, Schikman CH et al. Structured self-monitoring of blood glucose significantly reduces A1C levels in poorly controlled, noninsulin-treated type 2 diabetes. Results from the structured testing program study. Diabetes Care 2011; 34: 262–7.
16. Lalić NM, Lalić K, Jotić A et al. The Impact of Structured Self-Monitoring of Blood Glucose Combined With Intensive Education on HbA1c Levels, Hospitalizations, and Quality-of-Life Parameters in Insulin-Treated Patients With Diabetes at Primary Care in Serbia: The Multicenter SPA-EDU Study. J Diabetes Sci Technol 2017; 11 (4): 746–52. DOI: 10.1177/1932296816681323
17. Сахарный диабет: диагностика, лечение, профилактика. Под ред. И.И.Дедова, М.В.Шестаковой. M.: МИА, 2011.
[Sakharnyi diabet: diagnostika, lechenie, profilaktika. Pod red. I.I.Dedova, M.V.Shestakovoi. Moscow: MIA, 2011 (in Russian).]
18. Hongmei Zhu, Yanan Zhu, Siu-wai Leung Is self-monitoring of blood glucose effective in improving glycaemic control in type 2 diabetes without insulin treatment: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. BMJ Open 2016; 6 (9): e010524.
19. Shafiee G, Mohajeri-Tehrani M, Pajouhi M, Larijani B. The importance of hypoglycemia in diabetic patients. J Diabet Metab Dis 2012; 11: 17.
20. Malanda UL, Bot SD, Nijpels G. Self-Monitoring of Blood Glucose in Noninsulin-Using Type 2 Diabetic Patients. It is time to face the evidence. Diabetes Care 2013; 36 (1): 176–8.
21. Майоров А.Ю., Мельникова О.Г., Филиппов Ю.И. Вопросы самоконтроля гликемии в практике лечения сахарного диабета. Справочник поликлинического врача. 2012; 12: 32–6.
[Maiorov A.Iu., Mel'nikova O.G., Filippov Iu.I. Voprosy samokontrolia glikemii v praktike lecheniia sakharnogo diabeta. Handbook for Practitioners Doctors. 2012; 12: 32–6 (in Russian).]
22. McGeoch G, Derry S, Moore RA. Self-monitoringof blood glucose in type-2 diabetes: what is the evidence? Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2007; 23: 423–40.
23. Schnell O, Alawi H, Battelino T et al. Addressing schemes of self-monitoring of blood glucose in type 2 diabetes: a European perspective and expert recommendation. Diabetes Technol Ther 2011; 13 (9): 959–65.
24. Тимофеев А.В., Древаль Р.О. Глюкометры: цена точности. Эндокринология/кардиология. Спецвып. №1. 2012; 12: 1–7. https: //docplayer.ru/35458495-Glyukometry-cena-tochnosti.html
[Timofeev A.V., Dreval' R.O. Gliukometry: tsena tochnosti. Endokrinologiia/kardiologiia. Spetsvyp. №1. 2012; 12: 1–7. https: //docplayer.ru/35458495-Glyukometry-cena-tochnosti.html (in Russian).]
25. International Organization for Standardization. International Standard EN ISO 15197: 2013. In Vitro diagnostic test systems: Requirements for blood-glucose monitoring systems for self-testing in managing diabetes mellitus. Second Edition 2013-05-15. International Organization for Standardization, 2013.
26 Freckmann G, Haug C, Heinemann L. Blutzuckerselbstmessung heute: Sindalle Geräte gleich. Diabetes Stoffwechsel Herz 2011; 20 (4): 235–41.
27. Контур Плюс. Руководство пользователя. Байер, 2013.
[Kontur Plius. Rukovodstvo pol'zovatelia. Baier, 2013. (in Russian).]
2. Parfenova E.V., Tkachuk V.A. Vliianie giperglikemii na angiogennye svoistva endotelial'nykh i progenitornykh kletok sosudov. Vestn. RAMN. 2012; 38–44. https: //vestnikramn.spr-journal.ru/jour/article/viewFile/354/292 (in Russian).
3. De Pablos-Velasco P, Parhofer KG, Bradley C et al. Current level of glycaemic control and its associated factors in patients with type 2 diabetes across Europe: data from the PANORAMA study. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2014; 80: 47–56, pmid: 23194193.
4. Diabetes Control and Complications Trial/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications (DCCT/EDIC) Research Group, Nathan DM, Zinman B et al. Modern-day clinical course of type 1 diabetes mellitus after 30 years' duration: the diabetes control and complications trial/epidemiology of diabetes interventions and complications and Pittsburgh epidemiology of diabetes complications experience (1983–2005). Arch Intern Med 2009; 169 (14): 1307–16.
5. Duckworth W et al. Glucose control and vascular complications in veterans with type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 2009; 360: 129–39.
6. American Diabetes Association. 6. Glycemic Targets. Diabetes Care 2017; 40 (Suppl. 1): S48–S56.
7. Czupryniak L, Barkai L, Bolgarska S et al. Self-monitoring of blood glucose in diabetes: from evidence to clinical reality in Central and Eastern Europe – recommendations from the international Central-Eastern European expert group. Diabetes Technol Ther 2014; 16 (7): 460–75.
8. Algoritmy spetsializirovannoi meditsinskoi pomoshchi bol'nym sakharnym diabetom. Pod red. I.I.Dedova, M.V.Shestakovoi. 8-i vyp. Moscow, 2017 (in Russian).
9. Farmer A, Wade A, Goyder E et al. Impact of self monitoring of blood glucose in the management of patients with non-insulin treated diabetes: open parallel group randomised trial. BMJ 2007; 335: 13.
10. Blonde L, Karter AJ. Current evidence regarding the value of self monitored blood glucose testing. Am J Med 2005; 118 (Suppl. 9A): 20S–6S.
11. Clar C et al. Self-monitoring of blood glucose in type 2 diabetes: systematic review. Health Technol Assess 2010; 14 (12): 6.
12. Neisser K, Weber C, Wenzel H, Schneider B. Costs of self-measurement of blood glucose (SMBG) regarding morbidity and mortality in type 2 diabetes in a reality of care setting (The ROSSO study No 6). The European Association for the Study of Diabetes. Abstract Volume 42st Annual Meeting, Copenhagen, Malmoe, 2006; p. 141.
13. Davidson MB, Castellanos M, Kain D et al. The effect of self monitoring of blood glucose concentrations on glycated hemoglobin levels in diabetic patients not taking insulin: a blinded, randomized trial. Am J Med 2005; 118: 422–5.
14. Durán A, Martín P, Runkle I et al. Benefits of self-monitoring blood glucose in the management of new-onset Type 2 diabetes mellitus: the St Carlos Study, a prospective randomized clinic-based interventional study with parallel groups. J Diabetes 2010; 2 (3): 203–11.
15. Polonsky WH, Fisher L, Schikman CH et al. Structured self-monitoring of blood glucose significantly reduces A1C levels in poorly controlled, noninsulin-treated type 2 diabetes. Results from the structured testing program study. Diabetes Care 2011; 34: 262–7.
16. Lalić NM, Lalić K, Jotić A et al. The Impact of Structured Self-Monitoring of Blood Glucose Combined With Intensive Education on HbA1c Levels, Hospitalizations, and Quality-of-Life Parameters in Insulin-Treated Patients With Diabetes at Primary Care in Serbia: The Multicenter SPA-EDU Study. J Diabetes Sci Technol 2017; 11 (4): 746–52. DOI: 10.1177/1932296816681323
17. Sakharnyi diabet: diagnostika, lechenie, profilaktika. Pod red. I.I.Dedova, M.V.Shestakovoi. Moscow: MIA, 2011 (in Russian).
18. Hongmei Zhu, Yanan Zhu, Siu-wai Leung Is self-monitoring of blood glucose effective in improving glycaemic control in type 2 diabetes without insulin treatment: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. BMJ Open 2016; 6 (9): e010524.
19. Shafiee G, Mohajeri-Tehrani M, Pajouhi M, Larijani B. The importance of hypoglycemia in diabetic patients. J Diabet Metab Dis 2012; 11: 17.
20. Malanda UL, Bot SD, Nijpels G. Self-Monitoring of Blood Glucose in Noninsulin-Using Type 2 Diabetic Patients. It is time to face the evidence. Diabetes Care 2013; 36 (1): 176–8.
21. Maiorov A.Iu., Mel'nikova O.G., Filippov Iu.I. Voprosy samokontrolia glikemii v praktike lecheniia sakharnogo diabeta. Handbook for Practitioners Doctors. 2012; 12: 32–6 (in Russian).
22. McGeoch G, Derry S, Moore RA. Self-monitoringof blood glucose in type-2 diabetes: what is the evidence? Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2007; 23: 423–40.
23. Schnell O, Alawi H, Battelino T et al. Addressing schemes of self-monitoring of blood glucose in type 2 diabetes: a European perspective and expert recommendation. Diabetes Technol Ther 2011; 13 (9): 959–65.
24. Timofeev A.V., Dreval' R.O. Gliukometry: tsena tochnosti. Endokrinologiia/kardiologiia. Spetsvyp. №1. 2012; 12: 1–7. https: //docplayer.ru/35458495-Glyukometry-cena-tochnosti.html (in Russian).
25. International Organization for Standardization. International Standard EN ISO 15197: 2013. In Vitro diagnostic test systems: Requirements for blood-glucose monitoring systems for self-testing in managing diabetes mellitus. Second Edition 2013-05-15. International Organization for Standardization, 2013.
26 Freckmann G, Haug C, Heinemann L. Blutzuckerselbstmessung heute: Sindalle Geräte gleich. Diabetes Stoffwechsel Herz 2011; 20 (4): 235–41.
27. Kontur Plius. Rukovodstvo pol'zovatelia. Baier, 2013. (in Russian).
2. Парфенова Е.В., Ткачук В.А. Влияние гипергликемии на ангиогенные свойства эндотелиальных и прогениторных клеток сосудов. Вестн. РАМН. 2012; 38–44. https: //vestnikramn.spr-journal.ru/jour/article/viewFile/354/292
[Parfenova E.V., Tkachuk V.A. Vliianie giperglikemii na angiogennye svoistva endotelial'nykh i progenitornykh kletok sosudov. Vestn. RAMN. 2012; 38–44. https: //vestnikramn.spr-journal.ru/jour/article/viewFile/354/292 (in Russian).]
3. De Pablos-Velasco P, Parhofer KG, Bradley C et al. Current level of glycaemic control and its associated factors in patients with type 2 diabetes across Europe: data from the PANORAMA study. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2014; 80: 47–56, pmid: 23194193.
4. Diabetes Control and Complications Trial/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications (DCCT/EDIC) Research Group, Nathan DM, Zinman B et al. Modern-day clinical course of type 1 diabetes mellitus after 30 years' duration: the diabetes control and complications trial/epidemiology of diabetes interventions and complications and Pittsburgh epidemiology of diabetes complications experience (1983–2005). Arch Intern Med 2009; 169 (14): 1307–16.
5. Duckworth W et al. Glucose control and vascular complications in veterans with type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 2009; 360: 129–39.
6. American Diabetes Association. 6. Glycemic Targets. Diabetes Care 2017; 40 (Suppl. 1): S48–S56.
7. Czupryniak L, Barkai L, Bolgarska S et al. Self-monitoring of blood glucose in diabetes: from evidence to clinical reality in Central and Eastern Europe – recommendations from the international Central-Eastern European expert group. Diabetes Technol Ther 2014; 16 (7): 460–75.
8. Алгоритмы специализированной медицинской помощи больным сахарным диабетом. Под ред. И.И.Дедова, М.В.Шестаковой. 8-й вып. М., 2017.
[Algoritmy spetsializirovannoi meditsinskoi pomoshchi bol'nym sakharnym diabetom. Pod red. I.I.Dedova, M.V.Shestakovoi. 8-i vyp. Moscow, 2017 (in Russian).]
9. Farmer A, Wade A, Goyder E et al. Impact of self monitoring of blood glucose in the management of patients with non-insulin treated diabetes: open parallel group randomised trial. BMJ 2007; 335: 13.
10. Blonde L, Karter AJ. Current evidence regarding the value of self monitored blood glucose testing. Am J Med 2005; 118 (Suppl. 9A): 20S–6S.
11. Clar C et al. Self-monitoring of blood glucose in type 2 diabetes: systematic review. Health Technol Assess 2010; 14 (12): 6.
12. Neisser K, Weber C, Wenzel H, Schneider B. Costs of self-measurement of blood glucose (SMBG) regarding morbidity and mortality in type 2 diabetes in a reality of care setting (The ROSSO study No 6). The European Association for the Study of Diabetes. Abstract Volume 42st Annual Meeting, Copenhagen, Malmoe, 2006; p. 141.
13. Davidson MB, Castellanos M, Kain D et al. The effect of self monitoring of blood glucose concentrations on glycated hemoglobin levels in diabetic patients not taking insulin: a blinded, randomized trial. Am J Med 2005; 118: 422–5.
14. Durán A, Martín P, Runkle I et al. Benefits of self-monitoring blood glucose in the management of new-onset Type 2 diabetes mellitus: the St Carlos Study, a prospective randomized clinic-based interventional study with parallel groups. J Diabetes 2010; 2 (3): 203–11.
15. Polonsky WH, Fisher L, Schikman CH et al. Structured self-monitoring of blood glucose significantly reduces A1C levels in poorly controlled, noninsulin-treated type 2 diabetes. Results from the structured testing program study. Diabetes Care 2011; 34: 262–7.
16. Lalić NM, Lalić K, Jotić A et al. The Impact of Structured Self-Monitoring of Blood Glucose Combined With Intensive Education on HbA1c Levels, Hospitalizations, and Quality-of-Life Parameters in Insulin-Treated Patients With Diabetes at Primary Care in Serbia: The Multicenter SPA-EDU Study. J Diabetes Sci Technol 2017; 11 (4): 746–52. DOI: 10.1177/1932296816681323
17. Сахарный диабет: диагностика, лечение, профилактика. Под ред. И.И.Дедова, М.В.Шестаковой. M.: МИА, 2011.
[Sakharnyi diabet: diagnostika, lechenie, profilaktika. Pod red. I.I.Dedova, M.V.Shestakovoi. Moscow: MIA, 2011 (in Russian).]
18. Hongmei Zhu, Yanan Zhu, Siu-wai Leung Is self-monitoring of blood glucose effective in improving glycaemic control in type 2 diabetes without insulin treatment: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. BMJ Open 2016; 6 (9): e010524.
19. Shafiee G, Mohajeri-Tehrani M, Pajouhi M, Larijani B. The importance of hypoglycemia in diabetic patients. J Diabet Metab Dis 2012; 11: 17.
20. Malanda UL, Bot SD, Nijpels G. Self-Monitoring of Blood Glucose in Noninsulin-Using Type 2 Diabetic Patients. It is time to face the evidence. Diabetes Care 2013; 36 (1): 176–8.
21. Майоров А.Ю., Мельникова О.Г., Филиппов Ю.И. Вопросы самоконтроля гликемии в практике лечения сахарного диабета. Справочник поликлинического врача. 2012; 12: 32–6.
[Maiorov A.Iu., Mel'nikova O.G., Filippov Iu.I. Voprosy samokontrolia glikemii v praktike lecheniia sakharnogo diabeta. Handbook for Practitioners Doctors. 2012; 12: 32–6 (in Russian).]
22. McGeoch G, Derry S, Moore RA. Self-monitoringof blood glucose in type-2 diabetes: what is the evidence? Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2007; 23: 423–40.
23. Schnell O, Alawi H, Battelino T et al. Addressing schemes of self-monitoring of blood glucose in type 2 diabetes: a European perspective and expert recommendation. Diabetes Technol Ther 2011; 13 (9): 959–65.
24. Тимофеев А.В., Древаль Р.О. Глюкометры: цена точности. Эндокринология/кардиология. Спецвып. №1. 2012; 12: 1–7. https: //docplayer.ru/35458495-Glyukometry-cena-tochnosti.html
[Timofeev A.V., Dreval' R.O. Gliukometry: tsena tochnosti. Endokrinologiia/kardiologiia. Spetsvyp. №1. 2012; 12: 1–7. https: //docplayer.ru/35458495-Glyukometry-cena-tochnosti.html (in Russian).]
25. International Organization for Standardization. International Standard EN ISO 15197: 2013. In Vitro diagnostic test systems: Requirements for blood-glucose monitoring systems for self-testing in managing diabetes mellitus. Second Edition 2013-05-15. International Organization for Standardization, 2013.
26 Freckmann G, Haug C, Heinemann L. Blutzuckerselbstmessung heute: Sindalle Geräte gleich. Diabetes Stoffwechsel Herz 2011; 20 (4): 235–41.
27. Контур Плюс. Руководство пользователя. Байер, 2013.
[Kontur Plius. Rukovodstvo pol'zovatelia. Baier, 2013. (in Russian).]
________________________________________________
2. Parfenova E.V., Tkachuk V.A. Vliianie giperglikemii na angiogennye svoistva endotelial'nykh i progenitornykh kletok sosudov. Vestn. RAMN. 2012; 38–44. https: //vestnikramn.spr-journal.ru/jour/article/viewFile/354/292 (in Russian).
3. De Pablos-Velasco P, Parhofer KG, Bradley C et al. Current level of glycaemic control and its associated factors in patients with type 2 diabetes across Europe: data from the PANORAMA study. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2014; 80: 47–56, pmid: 23194193.
4. Diabetes Control and Complications Trial/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications (DCCT/EDIC) Research Group, Nathan DM, Zinman B et al. Modern-day clinical course of type 1 diabetes mellitus after 30 years' duration: the diabetes control and complications trial/epidemiology of diabetes interventions and complications and Pittsburgh epidemiology of diabetes complications experience (1983–2005). Arch Intern Med 2009; 169 (14): 1307–16.
5. Duckworth W et al. Glucose control and vascular complications in veterans with type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 2009; 360: 129–39.
6. American Diabetes Association. 6. Glycemic Targets. Diabetes Care 2017; 40 (Suppl. 1): S48–S56.
7. Czupryniak L, Barkai L, Bolgarska S et al. Self-monitoring of blood glucose in diabetes: from evidence to clinical reality in Central and Eastern Europe – recommendations from the international Central-Eastern European expert group. Diabetes Technol Ther 2014; 16 (7): 460–75.
8. Algoritmy spetsializirovannoi meditsinskoi pomoshchi bol'nym sakharnym diabetom. Pod red. I.I.Dedova, M.V.Shestakovoi. 8-i vyp. Moscow, 2017 (in Russian).
9. Farmer A, Wade A, Goyder E et al. Impact of self monitoring of blood glucose in the management of patients with non-insulin treated diabetes: open parallel group randomised trial. BMJ 2007; 335: 13.
10. Blonde L, Karter AJ. Current evidence regarding the value of self monitored blood glucose testing. Am J Med 2005; 118 (Suppl. 9A): 20S–6S.
11. Clar C et al. Self-monitoring of blood glucose in type 2 diabetes: systematic review. Health Technol Assess 2010; 14 (12): 6.
12. Neisser K, Weber C, Wenzel H, Schneider B. Costs of self-measurement of blood glucose (SMBG) regarding morbidity and mortality in type 2 diabetes in a reality of care setting (The ROSSO study No 6). The European Association for the Study of Diabetes. Abstract Volume 42st Annual Meeting, Copenhagen, Malmoe, 2006; p. 141.
13. Davidson MB, Castellanos M, Kain D et al. The effect of self monitoring of blood glucose concentrations on glycated hemoglobin levels in diabetic patients not taking insulin: a blinded, randomized trial. Am J Med 2005; 118: 422–5.
14. Durán A, Martín P, Runkle I et al. Benefits of self-monitoring blood glucose in the management of new-onset Type 2 diabetes mellitus: the St Carlos Study, a prospective randomized clinic-based interventional study with parallel groups. J Diabetes 2010; 2 (3): 203–11.
15. Polonsky WH, Fisher L, Schikman CH et al. Structured self-monitoring of blood glucose significantly reduces A1C levels in poorly controlled, noninsulin-treated type 2 diabetes. Results from the structured testing program study. Diabetes Care 2011; 34: 262–7.
16. Lalić NM, Lalić K, Jotić A et al. The Impact of Structured Self-Monitoring of Blood Glucose Combined With Intensive Education on HbA1c Levels, Hospitalizations, and Quality-of-Life Parameters in Insulin-Treated Patients With Diabetes at Primary Care in Serbia: The Multicenter SPA-EDU Study. J Diabetes Sci Technol 2017; 11 (4): 746–52. DOI: 10.1177/1932296816681323
17. Sakharnyi diabet: diagnostika, lechenie, profilaktika. Pod red. I.I.Dedova, M.V.Shestakovoi. Moscow: MIA, 2011 (in Russian).
18. Hongmei Zhu, Yanan Zhu, Siu-wai Leung Is self-monitoring of blood glucose effective in improving glycaemic control in type 2 diabetes without insulin treatment: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. BMJ Open 2016; 6 (9): e010524.
19. Shafiee G, Mohajeri-Tehrani M, Pajouhi M, Larijani B. The importance of hypoglycemia in diabetic patients. J Diabet Metab Dis 2012; 11: 17.
20. Malanda UL, Bot SD, Nijpels G. Self-Monitoring of Blood Glucose in Noninsulin-Using Type 2 Diabetic Patients. It is time to face the evidence. Diabetes Care 2013; 36 (1): 176–8.
21. Maiorov A.Iu., Mel'nikova O.G., Filippov Iu.I. Voprosy samokontrolia glikemii v praktike lecheniia sakharnogo diabeta. Handbook for Practitioners Doctors. 2012; 12: 32–6 (in Russian).
22. McGeoch G, Derry S, Moore RA. Self-monitoringof blood glucose in type-2 diabetes: what is the evidence? Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2007; 23: 423–40.
23. Schnell O, Alawi H, Battelino T et al. Addressing schemes of self-monitoring of blood glucose in type 2 diabetes: a European perspective and expert recommendation. Diabetes Technol Ther 2011; 13 (9): 959–65.
24. Timofeev A.V., Dreval' R.O. Gliukometry: tsena tochnosti. Endokrinologiia/kardiologiia. Spetsvyp. №1. 2012; 12: 1–7. https: //docplayer.ru/35458495-Glyukometry-cena-tochnosti.html (in Russian).
25. International Organization for Standardization. International Standard EN ISO 15197: 2013. In Vitro diagnostic test systems: Requirements for blood-glucose monitoring systems for self-testing in managing diabetes mellitus. Second Edition 2013-05-15. International Organization for Standardization, 2013.
26 Freckmann G, Haug C, Heinemann L. Blutzuckerselbstmessung heute: Sindalle Geräte gleich. Diabetes Stoffwechsel Herz 2011; 20 (4): 235–41.
27. Kontur Plius. Rukovodstvo pol'zovatelia. Baier, 2013. (in Russian).
Авторы
Е.В.Бирюкова*1,2, М.В.Шинкин2, Е.С.Ганекова1
1 ФГБОУ ВО «Московский государственный медико-стоматологический университет им. А.И.Евдокимова» Минздрава России. 127473, Россия, Москва, ул. Делегатская, д. 20, стр.1;
2 ГБУЗ «Московский клинический научно-практический центр им. А.С.Логинова» Департамента здравоохранения г. Москвы. 111123, Россия, Москва, ш. Энтузиастов, д. 86
*lena@obsudim.ru
1 A.I.Evdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. 1, 20, Delegatskaia st., Moscow, 127473, Russian Federation;
2 A.S.Loginov Moscow Clinical Scientific Practical Center of the Department of Health of Moscow. 86, Entuziastov hwy., Moscow, 111123, Russian Federation
*lena@obsudim.ru
1 ФГБОУ ВО «Московский государственный медико-стоматологический университет им. А.И.Евдокимова» Минздрава России. 127473, Россия, Москва, ул. Делегатская, д. 20, стр.1;
2 ГБУЗ «Московский клинический научно-практический центр им. А.С.Логинова» Департамента здравоохранения г. Москвы. 111123, Россия, Москва, ш. Энтузиастов, д. 86
*lena@obsudim.ru
________________________________________________
1 A.I.Evdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. 1, 20, Delegatskaia st., Moscow, 127473, Russian Federation;
2 A.S.Loginov Moscow Clinical Scientific Practical Center of the Department of Health of Moscow. 86, Entuziastov hwy., Moscow, 111123, Russian Federation
*lena@obsudim.ru
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