1. Вдовенко Д.В., Либис Р.А. Показатели деформации миокарда и диастолическая функция левого желудочка у больных хронической сердечной недостаточностью с сохраненной фракцией выброса. Артериальная гипертензия. 2018; 24 (1): 74–80 [Vdovenko DV, Libis RA. The myocardial deformation and diastolic function of the left ventricle in patients with heart failure with preserved left ventricular ejection fraction. Arterial Hypertension. 2018; 24 (1): 74–80 (in Russian)]. 
DOI: 10.18705/1607-419X-2018-24-1-74-80 
2. Parthenakis F, Maragkoudakis S, Marketou M, et al. Myocardial inotropic reserve: An old twist that constitutes a reliable index in the modern era of heart failure. Hellenic J Cardiol 2016; 57 (5): 311–4. DOI: 10.1016/j.hjc.2016.11.027
3. Какучая Т.Т. Тканевой допплер, деформация и скорость деформации миокарда в оценке функции миокарда – концептуальные технические основы и применение в клинике. Креативная кардиология. 2008; 1: 73–92 [Kakuchaya TT. Tissue Doppler, deformation and rate of myocardial deformation in the assessment of myocardial function-conceptual technical bases and application in the clinic. Creativecardiology. 2008; 1: 73–92 (in Russian)].
4. Павлюкова Е.Н., Кужель Д.А., Матюшин Г.В., и др. Ротация, скручивание и раскручивание левого желудочка: физиологическая роль и значение в клинической практике. Рацион. фармакотерапия в кардиологии. 2015; 11 (1): 68–78 [Pavlyukova EN, Kuzhel DA, Matyushin GV, et al. Rotation, twisting and unwinding of the left ventricle: the physiological role and significance in clinical practice. Rational pharmacotherapy in cardiology. 2015; 11 (1): 68–78 (in Russian)]. 
DOI: 10.20996/1819-6446-2015-11-1-68-78
5. Целуйко В.И., Киношенко К.Ю., Мищук Н.Е. Оценка деформации миокарда левого желудочка в клинической практике. Фармакотерапия. 2014; 9 (140): 52–6 [Tseluiko VI, Kinoshenko KJ, Mishchuk NE. Evaluation of the myocardial deformation of the left ventricle in clinical practice. Pharmacotherapy. 2014; 
9 (140): 52–6 (in Russian)].
6. Quintana RA, Bui LP, Moudgil R, et al. Speckle tracking Echocardiography in Cardio-Oncology and Beyond. Tex Heart Inst J 2020; 47 (2): 96–107. DOI: 10.14503/THIJ-18-6736
7. Kauer F, Geleijnse ML, van Dalen BM. Role of left ventricular twist mechanics in cardiomyopathies, dance of the helices. World J Cardiol 2015; 7 (8): 476–82. DOI: 10.4330/wjc.v7.i8.476
8. Stöhr EJ, Shave RE, Baggish AL, et al. Left ventricular twist mechanics in the context of normal physiology and cardiovascular disease: a review of studies using speackle tracking echocardiography. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2016; 311 (3): H633–44. DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00104.2016
9. Mor-Avi V, Lang RM, Badano LP, et al. Current and Evolving Echocardiographic Techniques for the Quantitative Evaluation of Cardiac Mechanics: ASE/EAE Consensus Statement on Methodology and Indications Endorsed by the Japanese Society of Echocardiography. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2011; 24 (3): 277–313. DOI: 10.1093/ejechocard/jer021
10. Abduch MC, Alencar AM, Mathias Jr W, et al. Cardiac mechanics evaluated by speckle tracking echocardiography. Arq Bras Cardiol 2014; 102 (4): 403–12.
11. Mondillo S, Galderisi M, Mele D, et al. Speckle tracking Echocardiography. A new technique for assessing myocardial function. J Ultrasound Med 2011; 30 (1): 71–83. 
DOI: 10.7863/jum.2011.30.1.71
12. Faber L, Prinz C, Welge D, et al. Peak systolic longitudinal strain of the lateral left ventricular wall improves after septal ablation for symptomatic hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy: a follow-up study using speckle tracking echocardiography. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging 2011; 27: 325–33. 
DOI: 10.1007/s10554-010-9678-0
13. Алехин М.Н. Ультразвуковые методы оценки деформации мио-­
карда и их клиническое значение. М.: Видар-М, 2012; c. 88 [Alekhin MN. Ultrasound methods of myocardium strain evaluation and their clinical significance. Moscow: Vindar-M, 2012; p. 88 
(in Russian)].
14. Duncan AE, Alfirevic A, Sessler DI, et al. Perioperative assessment of myocardial deformation. Anesth Analg 2014; 118 (3): 525–44. DOI: 10.1213/ANE.0000000000000088
15. Kalam K, Otahal P, Marwick TH. Prognostic implications of global LV dysfunction: a systematic review and meta-analysis of global longitudinal strain and ejection fraction. Heart 2014; 100 (21): 1673–80. DOI: 10.1136/heartjnl-2014-305538
16. Черных Н.Ю., Грознова О.С., Довгань М.И. Исследование кинетики миокарда в клинической практике: нормативные показатели деформации, ротации, скручивания. Рос. вестник перинатологии и педиатрии. 2016; 61 (4): 32–6 [Chernykh NY, Groznova OS, Dovgan MI. Investigation of myocardial kinetics in clinical practice: Reference values of deformity, rotation, and torsion. Russian Bulletin of Perinatology and Pediatrics. 2016; 61 (4): 32–6 (in Russian)]. 
DOI: 10.21508/1027-4065-2016-61-4-32-36
17. Carluccio E, Biagioli P, Zuchi C, et al. Fibrosis assessment by integrated backscatter and its relationship with longitudinal deformation and diastolic function in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging 2016; 32 (7): 1071–80. DOI: 10.1007/s10554-016-0881-5
18. Mor-Avi V, Lang RM, Badano LP, et al. Current and evolving echocardiographic techniques for the quantitative evaluation of cardiac mechanics: ASE/EAE consensus statement on methodology and indications endorsed by the Japanese Society of Echocardiography. Eur J Echocardiogr 2011; 12: 167–205. 
DOI: 10.1016/j.echo.2011.01.015
19. Zhang HJ, Wang H, Sun T, et al. Assessment of left ventricular twist mechanics by speckle tracking echocardiography reveals association between LV twist and myocardial fibrosis in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging 2014; 30 (8): 1539–48. DOI: 10.1007/s10554-014-0509-6
20. Potter E, Marwick TH. Assessment of Left Ventricular Function by Echocardiography: The Case for Routinely Adding Global Longitudinal Strain to Ejection Fraction. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 2018; 11 (2 Pt 1): 260–74. DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmg.2017.11.017
21. Luis SA, Yamada A, Khandheria BK, et al. Use of three-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography for quantitative assessment of global left ventricular function: a comparative study to three-dimensional echocardiography. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2014; 27 (3): 285–91. DOI: 10.1016/j.echo.2013.11.002
22. Yingchoncharoen T, Agarwal S, Popović ZB, et al. Normal ranges of left ventricular strain: a meta-analysis. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2013; 26 (2): 185–91. DOI: 10.1016/j.echo.2012.10.008
23. Nabeshima Y, Seo Y, Takeuchi M. A review of current trends in three-dimensional analysis of left ventricular myocardial strain. Cardiovasc Ultrasound 2020; 18: 23. DOI: 10.1186/s12947-020-00204-3
24. Алехин М.Н. Ультразвуковые методики оценки деформации миокарда и их клиническое значение. Клиническое значение показателей деформации и вращения миокарда (лекция 3). Ультразвуковая и функциональная диагностика. 2012; 1: 95–114 [Alekhin MN. Ultrasound Methods of Myocardium Strain Evaluation and Their Clinical Significance. Clinical Significance of Myocardium Strain and Rotation Measurements (Lecture 3). Ultrasound and functional diagnostics. 2012; 1: 95–114 (in Russian)]. 
25. Cho GY, Marwick TH, Kim HS, et al. Global 2-dimensional strain as a new prognosticator in patients with heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol 2009; 54: 618–24. DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2009.04.061
26. Mignot A, Donal E, Zaroui A, et al. Global longitudinal strain as a major predictor of cardiac events in patients with depressed left ventricular function: a multicenter study. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2010; 23: 1019–24. DOI: 10.1016/j.echo.2010.07.019
27. Doğduş M, Kılıç S, Vuruşkan E. Evaluation of subclinical left ventricular dysfunction in overweight people with 3D speckle tracking echocardiography. Anatol J Cardiol 2019; 21 (4): 180–6. DOI: 10.14744/AnatolJCardiol.2018.40456
28. Чумакова Г.А., Веселовская Н.Г. Клиническое значение висцерального ожирения. М.: ГЭОТАР-Медиа, 2016 [Chumakova GA, Veselovskaya NG. Clinical significance of visceral obesity. Moscow: GEOTAR-Media, 2016 (in Russian)].
29. Гриценко О.В., Чумакова Г. А., Шевляков И.В., и др. Механизмы развития сердечной недостаточности при ожирении. 
Рос. кардиологический журнал. 2018; 23 (5): 81–6 [Gritsenko ОV, Chumakova GА, Shevlyakov IV, et al. The mechanisms of heart failure development in obesity. Russ J Cardiol. 2018; 23 (5): 81–6 (in Russian)]. DOI: 10.15829/1560-4071-2018-5-81-86
30. Leader CJ, Moharram M, Coffey S, et al. Myocardial global longitudinal strain: An early indicator of cardiac interstitial fibrosis modified by spironolactone, in a unique hypertensive rat model. PLoS One 2019 12; 14 (8): e0220837. 
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0220837
31. Sengeløv MG, Jensen JS, Bruun NE, et al. Global longitudinal strain is a superior predictor of all-cause mortality in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. JACC: Cardiovasc Imag 2015; 8 (12): 1351–9. DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmg.2015.0.013
32. Helle-Valle T, Crosby J, Edvardsen T, et al. Newnoninvasive method for assessment of left ventricular rotation: speckletracking echocardiography. Circulation 2005; 112: 3149–56. DOI: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.104.531558
33. Park JH. Two-dimensional Echocardiographic Assessment of Myocardial Strain: Important Echocardiographic Parameter Readily Useful in Clinical Field. Korean Circ J 2019; 49 (10): 908–31. DOI: 10.4070/kcj.2019.0200
34. Almutairi HM, Boubertakh R, Miquel ME, Petersen SE. Myocardial deformation assessment using cardiovascular magnetic resonance-feature tracking technique. Br J Radiol 2017; 90 (1080): 20170072. DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20170072

________________________________________________

1. Vdovenko DV, Libis RA. The myocardial deformation and diastolic function of the left ventricle in patients with heart failure with preserved left ventricular ejection fraction. Arterial Hypertension. 2018; 24 (1): 74–80 (in Russian)
DOI: 10.18705/1607-419X-2018-24-1-74-80 
2. Parthenakis F, Maragkoudakis S, Marketou M, et al. Myocardial inotropic reserve: An old twist that constitutes a reliable index in the modern era of heart failure. Hellenic J Cardiol 2016; 57 (5): 311–4. DOI: 10.1016/j.hjc.2016.11.027
3. Kakuchaya TT. Tissue Doppler, deformation and rate of myocardial deformation in the assessment of myocardial function-conceptual technical bases and application in the clinic. Creativecardiology. 2008; 1: 73–92 (in Russian)
4. Pavlyukova EN, Kuzhel DA, Matyushin GV, et al. Rotation, twisting and unwinding of the left ventricle: the physiological role and significance in clinical practice. Rational pharmacotherapy in cardiology. 2015; 11 (1): 68–78 (in Russian)
DOI: 10.20996/1819-6446-2015-11-1-68-78
5. Tseluiko VI, Kinoshenko KJ, Mishchuk NE. Evaluation of the myocardial deformation of the left ventricle in clinical practice. Pharmacotherapy. 2014; 9 (140): 52–6 (in Russian)
6. Quintana RA, Bui LP, Moudgil R, et al. Speckle tracking Echocardiography in Cardio-Oncology and Beyond. Tex Heart Inst J 2020; 47 (2): 96–107. DOI: 10.14503/THIJ-18-6736
7. Kauer F, Geleijnse ML, van Dalen BM. Role of left ventricular twist mechanics in cardiomyopathies, dance of the helices. World J Cardiol 2015; 7 (8): 476–82. DOI: 10.4330/wjc.v7.i8.476
8. Stöhr EJ, Shave RE, Baggish AL, et al. Left ventricular twist mechanics in the context of normal physiology and cardiovascular disease: a review of studies using speackle tracking echocardiography. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2016; 311 (3): H633–44. DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00104.2016
9. Mor-Avi V, Lang RM, Badano LP, et al. Current and Evolving Echocardiographic Techniques for the Quantitative Evaluation of Cardiac Mechanics: ASE/EAE Consensus Statement on Methodology and Indications Endorsed by the Japanese Society of Echocardiography. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2011; 24 (3): 277–313. DOI: 10.1093/ejechocard/jer021
10. Abduch MC, Alencar AM, Mathias Jr W, et al. Cardiac mechanics evaluated by speckle tracking echocardiography. Arq Bras Cardiol 2014; 102 (4): 403–12.
11. Mondillo S, Galderisi M, Mele D, et al. Speckle tracking Echocardiography. A new technique for assessing myocardial function. J Ultrasound Med 2011; 30 (1): 71–83. 
DOI: 10.7863/jum.2011.30.1.71
12. Faber L, Prinz C, Welge D, et al. Peak systolic longitudinal strain of the lateral left ventricular wall improves after septal ablation for symptomatic hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy: a follow-up study using speckle tracking echocardiography. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging 2011; 27: 325–33. DOI: 10.1007/s10554-010-9678-0
13. Alekhin MN. Ultrasound methods of myocardium strain evaluation and their clinical significance. Moscow: Vindar-M, 2012; p. 88 (in Russian)
14. Duncan AE, Alfirevic A, Sessler DI, et al. Perioperative assessment of myocardial deformation. Anesth Analg 2014; 118 (3): 525–44. DOI: 10.1213/ANE.0000000000000088
15. Kalam K, Otahal P, Marwick TH. Prognostic implications of global LV dysfunction: a systematic review and meta-analysis of global longitudinal strain and ejection fraction. Heart 2014; 100 (21): 1673–80. DOI: 10.1136/heartjnl-2014-305538
16. Chernykh NY, Groznova OS, Dovgan MI. Investigation of myocardial kinetics in clinical practice: Reference values of deformity, rotation, and torsion. Russian Bulletin of Perinatology and Pediatrics. 2016; 61 (4): 32–6 (in Russian) DOI: 10.21508/1027-4065-2016-61-4-32-36
17. Carluccio E, Biagioli P, Zuchi C, et al. Fibrosis assessment by integrated backscatter and its relationship with longitudinal deformation and diastolic function in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging 2016; 32 (7): 1071–80. DOI: 10.1007/s10554-016-0881-5
18. Mor-Avi V, Lang RM, Badano LP, et al. Current and evolving echocardiographic techniques for the quantitative evaluation of cardiac mechanics: ASE/EAE consensus statement on methodology and indications endorsed by the Japanese Society of Echocardiography. Eur J Echocardiogr 2011; 12: 167–205. 
DOI: 10.1016/j.echo.2011.01.015
19. Zhang HJ, Wang H, Sun T, et al. Assessment of left ventricular twist mechanics by speckle tracking echocardiography reveals association between LV twist and myocardial fibrosis in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging 2014; 30 (8): 1539–48. DOI: 10.1007/s10554-014-0509-6
20. Potter E, Marwick TH. Assessment of Left Ventricular Function by Echocardiography: The Case for Routinely Adding Global Longitudinal Strain to Ejection Fraction. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 2018; 11 (2 Pt 1): 260–74. DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmg.2017.11.017
21. Luis SA, Yamada A, Khandheria BK, et al. Use of three-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography for quantitative assessment of global left ventricular function: a comparative study to three-dimensional echocardiography. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2014; 27 (3): 285–91. DOI: 10.1016/j.echo.2013.11.002
22. Yingchoncharoen T, Agarwal S, Popović ZB, et al. Normal ranges of left ventricular strain: a meta-analysis. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2013; 26 (2): 185–91. DOI: 10.1016/j.echo.2012.10.008
23. Nabeshima Y, Seo Y, Takeuchi M. A review of current trends in three-dimensional analysis of left ventricular myocardial strain. Cardiovasc Ultrasound 2020; 18: 23. DOI: 10.1186/s12947-020-00204-3
24. Alekhin MN. Ultrasound Methods of Myocardium Strain Evaluation and Their Clinical Significance. Clinical Significance of Myocardium Strain and Rotation Measurements (Lecture 3). Ultrasound and functional diagnostics. 2012; 1: 95–114 (in Russian)
25. Cho GY, Marwick TH, Kim HS, et al. Global 2-dimensional strain as a new prognosticator in patients with heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol 2009; 54: 618–24. DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2009.04.061
26. Mignot A, Donal E, Zaroui A, et al. Global longitudinal strain as a major predictor of cardiac events in patients with depressed left ventricular function: a multicenter study. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2010; 23: 1019–24. DOI: 10.1016/j.echo.2010.07.019
27. Doğduş M, Kılıç S, Vuruşkan E. Evaluation of subclinical left ventricular dysfunction in overweight people with 3D speckle tracking echocardiography. Anatol J Cardiol 2019; 21 (4): 180–6. DOI: 10.14744/AnatolJCardiol.2018.40456
28. Chumakova GA, Veselovskaya NG. Clinical significance of visceral obesity. Moscow: GEOTAR-Media, 2016 (in Russian)
29. Gritsenko ОV, Chumakova GА, Shevlyakov IV, et al. The mechanisms of heart failure development in obesity. Russ J Cardiol. 2018; 23 (5): 81–6 (in Russian) DOI: 10.15829/1560-4071-2018-5-81-86
30. Leader CJ, Moharram M, Coffey S, et al. Myocardial global longitudinal strain: An early indicator of cardiac interstitial fibrosis modified by spironolactone, in a unique hypertensive rat model. PLoS One 2019 12; 14 (8): e0220837. 
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0220837
31. Sengeløv MG, Jensen JS, Bruun NE, et al. Global longitudinal strain is a superior predictor of all-cause mortality in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. JACC: Cardiovasc Imag 2015; 8 (12): 1351–9. DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmg.2015.0.013
32. Helle-Valle T, Crosby J, Edvardsen T, et al. Newnoninvasive method for assessment of left ventricular rotation: speckletracking echocardiography. Circulation 2005; 112: 3149–56. DOI: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.104.531558
33. Park JH. Two-dimensional Echocardiographic Assessment of Myocardial Strain: Important Echocardiographic Parameter Readily Useful in Clinical Field. Korean Circ J 2019; 49 (10): 908–31. DOI: 10.4070/kcj.2019.0200
34. Almutairi HM, Boubertakh R, Miquel ME, Petersen SE. Myocardial deformation assessment using cardiovascular magnetic resonance-feature tracking technique. Br J Radiol 2017; 90 (1080): 20170072. DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20170072

О.В. Гриценко*1, Г.А. Чумакова2,3, Е.В. Трубина1

1 КГБУЗ «Алтайский краевой кардиологический диспансер», Барнаул, Россия;
2 ФГБОУ ВО «Алтайский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России, Барнаул, Россия;
3 ФГБНУ «Научно-исследовательский институт комплексных проблем сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний», Кемерово, Россия
*qritzenko.olesia@mail.ru

________________________________________________

Olesia V. Gritsenko*1, Galina A. Chumakova2,3, Elena V. Trubina1

1 Altai Regional Cardiology Dispensary, Barnaul, Russia;
2 Altai State Medical University, Barnaul, Russia;
3 Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, Kemerovo, Russia
*qritzenko.olesia@mail.ru