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Системное воспаление и эндотелиальная дисфункция у больных хронической обструктивной болезнью легких в сочетании с артериальной гипертензией: обзор литературы и собственные данные
Системное воспаление и эндотелиальная дисфункция у больных хронической обструктивной болезнью легких в сочетании с артериальной гипертензией: обзор литературы и собственные данные
Овчаренко С.И., Нерсесян З.Н. Системное воспаление и эндотелиальная дисфункция у больных хронической обструктивной болезнью легких в сочетании с артериальной гипертензией: обзор литературы и собственные данные. Consilium Medicum. 2015; 17 (11): 8–12. DOI:10.26442/2075-1753_2015.11.8-12
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Аннотация
Цель – представить обзор литературы по состоянию системного воспаления и эндотелиальной дисфункции у больных хронической обструктивной болезнью легких (ХОБЛ) в сочетании с артериальной гипертензией (АГ) и собственные результаты.
Материалы и методы. Представлен обзор 56 литературных источников по заявленной теме. В собственное исследование были включены 65 больных (50 мужчин и 15 женщин), средний возраст 65,5±8,5 года, с ХОБЛ I–IV стадии в периоде стабильного течения заболевания, страдающих АГ 1, 2 и 3-й степени.
Результаты. Проанализировано состояние системного воспаления и эндотелиальной дисфункции у больных ХОБЛ в сочетании с АГ по данным литературы и оценены полученные результаты собственного исследования уровня маркеров воспалительного статуса и эндотелиальной дисфункции у обследованных больных. Выявлены высокие уровни изучаемых показателей (hsСРБ, sICAM-1, эндотелин-1 и sР-селектин) у больных ХОБЛ в сочетании с АГ. При проведении корреляционного анализа установлены статистически значимые обратные связи активности изученных в работе маркеров с показателем объема форсированного выдоха за 1-ю секунду.
Заключение. У больных ХОБЛ в сочетании с АГ выявлены высокие уровни маркеров воспаления и эндотелиальной дисфункции (hsСРБ, sICAM-1, эндотелина-1 и sР-селектина), что свидетельствует о наличии активного системного воспаления и дисфункции эндотелия у этих больных. В проведенной работе показано, что по мере ухудшения бронхиальной проходимости возрастает интенсивность маркеров воспаления и эндотелиальной дисфункции.
Ключевые слова: хроническая обструктивная болезнь легких, артериальная гипертензия, эндотелиальная дисфункция, системное воспаление, биомаркеры, С-реактивный белок, молекула межклеточной адгезии 1-го типа, эндотелин-1, Р-селектин.
Материалы и методы. Представлен обзор 56 литературных источников по заявленной теме. В собственное исследование были включены 65 больных (50 мужчин и 15 женщин), средний возраст 65,5±8,5 года, с ХОБЛ I–IV стадии в периоде стабильного течения заболевания, страдающих АГ 1, 2 и 3-й степени.
Результаты. Проанализировано состояние системного воспаления и эндотелиальной дисфункции у больных ХОБЛ в сочетании с АГ по данным литературы и оценены полученные результаты собственного исследования уровня маркеров воспалительного статуса и эндотелиальной дисфункции у обследованных больных. Выявлены высокие уровни изучаемых показателей (hsСРБ, sICAM-1, эндотелин-1 и sР-селектин) у больных ХОБЛ в сочетании с АГ. При проведении корреляционного анализа установлены статистически значимые обратные связи активности изученных в работе маркеров с показателем объема форсированного выдоха за 1-ю секунду.
Заключение. У больных ХОБЛ в сочетании с АГ выявлены высокие уровни маркеров воспаления и эндотелиальной дисфункции (hsСРБ, sICAM-1, эндотелина-1 и sР-селектина), что свидетельствует о наличии активного системного воспаления и дисфункции эндотелия у этих больных. В проведенной работе показано, что по мере ухудшения бронхиальной проходимости возрастает интенсивность маркеров воспаления и эндотелиальной дисфункции.
Ключевые слова: хроническая обструктивная болезнь легких, артериальная гипертензия, эндотелиальная дисфункция, системное воспаление, биомаркеры, С-реактивный белок, молекула межклеточной адгезии 1-го типа, эндотелин-1, Р-селектин.
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The goal is to provide an overview of the literature on systemic inflammation and endothelial dysfunction in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in combination with arterial hypertension (AH) and our own results.
Materials and methods. A review of the 56 literature resources on the stated theme is presented. Our own study included 65 patients (50 men and 15 women), of mean age 65.5±8.5 years with COPD stages I–IV in a period of stability of the disease with hypertension 1, 2 and 3rd degree.
Results. The state of systemic inflammation and endothelial dysfunction in patients with COPD combined with hypertension according to the literature and evaluated the results of our own research-level markers of inflammatory status and endothelial dysfunction in patients was examined. Revealed were high levels of the studied parameters (hsSRB, sICAM-1, endothelin-1 and SP-selectin) in patients with COPD associated with AH. During the correlation analysis, statistically significant feedbacks activity studied in the index markers forced expiratory volume in 1 second.
Conclusion. In patients with COPD combined with hypertension high levels of markers of inflammation and endothelial dysfunction (hsSRB, sICAM-1, endothelin-1 and SP-selectin), which indicate the presence of an active systemic inflammation and endothelial dysfunction in these patients were revealed. In the work carried out it shows that as the deterioration of bronchial obstruction increases the intensity of the markers of inflammation and endothelial dysfunction.
Key words: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, hypertension, endothelial dysfunction, systemic inflammation, biomarkers, C-reactive protein, intercellular adhesion molecule type 1, endothelin-1, P-selectin.
Materials and methods. A review of the 56 literature resources on the stated theme is presented. Our own study included 65 patients (50 men and 15 women), of mean age 65.5±8.5 years with COPD stages I–IV in a period of stability of the disease with hypertension 1, 2 and 3rd degree.
Results. The state of systemic inflammation and endothelial dysfunction in patients with COPD combined with hypertension according to the literature and evaluated the results of our own research-level markers of inflammatory status and endothelial dysfunction in patients was examined. Revealed were high levels of the studied parameters (hsSRB, sICAM-1, endothelin-1 and SP-selectin) in patients with COPD associated with AH. During the correlation analysis, statistically significant feedbacks activity studied in the index markers forced expiratory volume in 1 second.
Conclusion. In patients with COPD combined with hypertension high levels of markers of inflammation and endothelial dysfunction (hsSRB, sICAM-1, endothelin-1 and SP-selectin), which indicate the presence of an active systemic inflammation and endothelial dysfunction in these patients were revealed. In the work carried out it shows that as the deterioration of bronchial obstruction increases the intensity of the markers of inflammation and endothelial dysfunction.
Key words: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, hypertension, endothelial dysfunction, systemic inflammation, biomarkers, C-reactive protein, intercellular adhesion molecule type 1, endothelin-1, P-selectin.
Полный текст
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2. Karoli N.A., Rebrov A.P. Komorbidnost' u bol'nykh khronicheskoi obstruktivnoi bolezn'iu legkikh: mesto kardiovaskuliarnoi patologii. Ratsional'naia farmakoterapiia v kardiologii. 1999; 4: 9–16. [in Russian]
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8. Sin DD, Man SF. Why are patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease at increased risk of cardiovascular diseases? The potential role of systemic inflammation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Circulation 2003; 107: 1514–9.
9. Nosratola D, Bernardo R. Mechanisms of Disease: oxidative stress and inflammation in the pathogenesis of hypertension. Nat Clin Pract Nephrology 2006; 2 (10): 582–93.
10. Repine JE, Bast A, Lankhorst L. Oxidative stress in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1997; 156: 341–57.
11. Henning B, Diana JN, Toborek M, McClain CJ. Influence of nutrients and cytokines on endothelial cell metabolism. J Am Coll Nutr 1994; 13: 224–31.
12. Constans J, Conri C. Circulating markers of endothelial function in cardiovascular disease. Clinica Chimica Acta 2006; 368: 33–47.
13. Corrado E, Rizzo M, Tantillo R et al. Markers of inflammation and infection influence the outcome of patients with baseline asymptomatic carotid lesions: a 5-year follow-up study. Stroke 2006; 37: 482–6.
14. Ridker PM, Haughie P. Prospective studies of C-reactive protein as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. J Investig Med 1998; 46: 391–5.
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17. Bautista LE, Lopez-Jaramillo P, Vera LM, Casas JP. Is C-reactive protein an independent risk factor for essential hypertension? J Hypertens 2001; 19: 857–61.
18. Van Der Meer IM, de Maat MP, Hak AE. C-reactive protein predicts progression of atherosclerosis measured at various sites in the arterial tree: the: Rotterdam Study. Stroke 2002; 33: 2750–5.
19. Vel'kov V.V. S-reaktivnyi belok v laboratornoi diagnostike ostrykh vospalenii i v otsenke riskov sosudistykh patologii. Kliniko-laboratornyi konsilium. 2008; 2 (21): 37–48. [in Russian]
20. Genest J, McPherson J, Frohlich R et al. 2009 Canadian Cardiovascular Society. Canadian guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of dyslipidemia and prevention of cardiovascular disease in the adult—2009 recommendations. Can J Cardiol 2009; 25: 567–79.
21. Pearson TA, Mensah GA, Alexander RW et al. Markers of inflammation and cardiovascular disease: application to clinical and public health practice: a statement for healthcare professionals from the centers for disease control and prevention and the American Heart Association. Circulation 2003; 107: 499–511.
22. Ridker PM, Danielson E, Fonseca FAH et al. Reduction in C-reactive protein and LDL cholesterol and cardiovascular event rates after initiation of rosuvastatin: a prospective study of the JUPITER trial. Lancet 2009; 373: 1175–82.
23. Wang C, Yatsuya H, Tamakoshi K et al. Positive association between high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus in Japanese workers: 6-year follow-up. Diabetes 2013; 29 (5): 398–405.
24. Wilson PWF et al. C-reactive protein and reclassification of cardiovascular risk in the Framingham Heart Study. Circulation: cardiovascular quality and outcomes 2008; 1: 92–7.
25. Shichiri M еt аl. Plаsmа еndоthеlin lеvеls in hypеrtеnsiоn аnd chrоnic rеnаlfаilurе. Hypеrtеnsiоn; 15: 493–6.
26. Springеr T.А. Trаffic signаls fоr lymphоcytе rеcirculаtiоn аnd lеukоcytе еmigrаtiоn: Thе multistеp pаrаdigm. Cеll 1994; 76: 301–14.
27. Iskandarova L.R., Khaibulina N.G., Amirova A.R. i dr. Pokazateli mezhkletochnykh molekul adgezii, immunnoi sistemy pri arterial'noi gipertonii. Sovremennye naukoemkie tekhnologii. 2005; 10: 43–4. [in Russian]
28. Gearing AJH, Newman W. Circulating adhesion molecules in disease. Immunology Today 1993; 14 (10): 506–12.
29. Grabie N, Tarrio ML, Newton G et al. Foxp3+inducible regulatory T Cells suppress endothelial activation and leukocyte recruitment. J Immunol 2011; 187: 3521–9.
30. Ceriello A, Falleti E, Motz E et al. Hyperglycemia-induced circulating ICAM-1 increase in diabetes mellitus: the possible role of oxidative stress. Horm Metab Res 1998; 30: 146–9.
31. Meydani M. Omega-3 fatty acids alter soluble markers of endothelial function in coronary heart disease patients. Nutr Rev 2000; 58: 56–9.
32. Pontiroli AE, Pizzocri P, Koprivec D. Body weight and glucose metabolism have a different effect on circulating levels of ICAM-1, E-selectin, and endothelin-1 in humans. Eur J Endocrinol 2004; 150: 195–200.
33. Weyer C, Yudkin JS, Stehouwer CD et al. Humoral markers of inflammation and endothelial dysfunction in relation to adiposity and in vivo insulin action in Pima Indians. Atherosclerosis 2002; 161: 233–42.
34. Riise GC, Larsson S, Lofdalh GG, Andersson ВA. Circulating cell adhesion molecules in bronchial lavage and serum in COPD patients with chronic bronchitis. Eur Respir J 1994; 7: 167–37.
35. David MP. Endothelin, Angiotensin, and Oxidative Stress in Hypertension. Hypertension 2005; 45: 477.
36. Nedogoda S.V. Sosudistaia zhestkost' i skorost' rasprostraneniia pul'sovoi volny kak platsdarm i mishen' dlia farmakoterapii. V pomoshch' prakticheskomu vrachu. 2012; 1 (41): 113–6. [in Russian]
37. Laurent S, Boutouyrie P, Asmar R, Gautier I. Aortic Stiffness Is an Independent Predictor of All-Cause and Cardiovascular Mortality in Hypertensive Patients. Hypertension. 2001; 37: 1236–41.
38. Gel'tser B.I. Otsenka arterial'noi rigidnosti u bol'nykh khronicheskoi obstruktivnoi bolezn'iu legkikh. Pul'monologiia. 2008; 1: 38. [in Russian]
39. Sabit R, Bolton CE, Edwards PH, Pettit RJ. Stiffness and Osteoporosis in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Am J Resp Crit Care Med 2007; 175: 1259–65.
40. Mukharliamov N.M., Sattbekov Zh.S., Suchkov V.V. Sistemnaia arterial'naia gipertenziia u bol'nykh khronicheskimi nespetsificheskimi zabolevaniiami legkikh. Kardiologiia. 1974; 12 (34): 55–61. [in Russian]
41. Paleev N.R. Sushchestvuet li «pul'mogennaia gipertenziia»? Kardiologiia. 2002; 6: 51–3. [in Russian]
42. Aleksandrov A.I. Legochnaia gemodinamika i funktsional'noe sostoianie serdtsa pri khronicheskikh nespetsificheskikh zabolevaniiakh legkikh. Avtoref. dis. … d-ra med. nauk. SPb., 1992. [in Russian]
43. Bobrov V.A. Sostoianie miokarda, gemodinamika i pressornye gumoral'nye substantsii u bol'nykh bronkhial'noi astmoi i arterial'noi gipertenziei. Klin. meditsina. 1989; 11: 31–5. [in Russian]
44. Glezer G.A. Arterial'naia gipertoniia. M.: Izdatel'stvo Atmosfera, 1996. [in Russian]
45. Serebriakova V. I. Kliniko-patologicheskie osobennosti neiroendokrinnoi reguliatsii pri sochetanii arterial'noi gipertenzii s labil'noi i stabil'noi obstruktsiei bronkhov v vozrastnom i polovom aspekte, korrektsiia vyiavlennykh narushenii. Avtoref. dis. ... d-r med. nauk. SPb, 1998. [in Russian]
46. Dinh-Xuan AT, Higenbottam TW, Glelland GA et al. Impairment of endothelium-dependent pulmonary-artery relaxation in chronic obstructive lung disease. N Engl Med J 1991; 324: 1539.
47. Schiffrin EL. The endothelium of resistance arteries: physiology and role in hypertension. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 1996; 54 (1): 17–25.
48. Shimokawa H. Endothelial dysfunction in hypertension. J Atheroscler Thromb 1998; 4 (3): 118–27.
49. Simon A, Castro A, Kaski JC. Assessment of endothelial dysfunction and its clinical usefulness. Rev Esp Cardiol 2001; 54 (2): 211–7.
50. Ribeiro OF, Alves AJ, Teixeira M et al. Endothelial function and atherosclerosis: circulatory markers with clinical usefulness. Rev Port Cardiol 2009; 28 (10): 1121–51.
51. Kinlаy S, Bеhrеndt D, Wаinstеinеtаl M. Rоlеоf Еndоthеlin-1 in thе Аctivе Cоnstrictiоn оf Humаn Аthеrоsclеrоtic Cоrоnаry Аrtеriеs. Circulаtiоn. 2001; 104: 1114.
52. Rongen GA, Smits P, Thien T. Endothelium and the regulation of vascular tone with emphasis on the role of nitric oxide. Physiology, pathophysiology and clinical implications. Neth J Med 1994; 44 (1): 26–35.
53. Libby P, Ridrer PM, Masseri A. Inflammation and Atherosclerosis. Circulation 2002; 105: 1135–43.
54. Оеlsnеr ЕC, Pоttingеr TD, Burkаrt KM, Аllisоn M. Аdhеsiоnmоlеculеs, еndоthеlin-1 аnd lung functiоni n sеvеn pоpulаtiоn-bаsеdcоhоrts. Biоmаrkеrs 2013; 18 (3): 196–203.
55. Wаltеr RE, Wilk JB, Lаrsоn MG, Vаsаn RS. Systеmic inflаmmаtiоn аnd CОPD: thе Frаminghаm Hеаrt Study. Chеst 2008; 133 (1): 19–25.
56. Zhоnghuа Jiе Hе Hе, Hu Xi Zа Zhi. Intеgrin-аssоciаtеd prоtеins in blооd plаsmа оf pаtiеnts with аcutееxаcеrbаtiоn оf chrоnic оbstructivе pulmоnаry disеаsе. Аrticlе in Chinеsе 2010; 33 (4): 265–7.
2. Кароли Н.А., Ребров А.П. Коморбидность у больных хронической обструктивной болезнью легких: место кардиоваскулярной патологии. Рациональная фармакотерапия в кардиологии. 1999; 4: 9–16. / Karoli N.A., Rebrov A.P. Komorbidnost' u bol'nykh khronicheskoi obstruktivnoi bolezn'iu legkikh: mesto kardiovaskuliarnoi patologii. Ratsional'naia farmakoterapiia v kardiologii. 1999; 4: 9–16. [in Russian]
3. Anthonisen NR, Connett JE, Enright PL, Manfreda J, Lung Health Study Research Group. Hospitalizations and mortality in the Lung Health Study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2002; 166: 333–9.
4. Suylen RI, Smits JF, Daemen MJ. Pulmonary artery remodeling difference in hypoxia and monocrotaline induced pulmonary hypertension. Am J Respir Erit Care Med 2008; 157: 1423–8.
5. Heitzer T, Schlinzig T, Krohn K et al. Endothelial dysfunction, oxidative stress and risk of cardiovascular events in patients with coronary disease. Circulation 2001; 104: 263–8.
6. Lucher TF, Noll G. The pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease: role of the endothelium as a target and mediator. Atherosclerosis 1995; 118: 81–90.
7. Ridker P, Cannon C, Morrow D.et al. Pravastatin or Atorvastatin Evaluation and Infection Therapy – trombolysis in Myocardial Infarction 22 (PROVE IT-TIMI 22) Investigators. C-reactive protein levels and outcomes after statin therapy. N Engl J Med 2005; 352: 20.
8. Sin DD, Man SF. Why are patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease at increased risk of cardiovascular diseases? The potential role of systemic inflammation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Circulation 2003; 107: 1514–9.
9. Nosratola D, Bernardo R. Mechanisms of Disease: oxidative stress and inflammation in the pathogenesis of hypertension. Nat Clin Pract Nephrology 2006; 2 (10): 582–93.
10. Repine JE, Bast A, Lankhorst L. Oxidative stress in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1997; 156: 341–57.
11. Henning B, Diana JN, Toborek M, McClain CJ. Influence of nutrients and cytokines on endothelial cell metabolism. J Am Coll Nutr 1994; 13: 224–31.
12. Constans J, Conri C. Circulating markers of endothelial function in cardiovascular disease. Clinica Chimica Acta 2006; 368: 33–47.
13. Corrado E, Rizzo M, Tantillo R et al. Markers of inflammation and infection influence the outcome of patients with baseline asymptomatic carotid lesions: a 5-year follow-up study. Stroke 2006; 37: 482–6.
14. Ridker PM, Haughie P. Prospective studies of C-reactive protein as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. J Investig Med 1998; 46: 391–5.
15. Ridker PM, Hennekens CH. C-reactive protein and other markers of inflammation in the prediction of cardiovascular disease in women. N Engl J Med 2000; 342: 836–43.
16. Saetta M, Baraldo S, Corbino L et al. CD8+ve cells in the lungs of smokers with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1999; 160: 711–1.
17. Bautista LE, Lopez-Jaramillo P, Vera LM, Casas JP. Is C-reactive protein an independent risk factor for essential hypertension? J Hypertens 2001; 19: 857–61.
18. Van Der Meer IM, de Maat MP, Hak AE. C-reactive protein predicts progression of atherosclerosis measured at various sites in the arterial tree: the: Rotterdam Study. Stroke 2002; 33: 2750–5.
19. Вельков В.В. С-реактивный белок в лабораторной диагностике острых воспалений и в оценке рисков сосудистых патологий. Клинико-лабораторный консилиум. 2008; 2 (21): 37–48. / Vel'kov V.V. S-reaktivnyi belok v laboratornoi diagnostike ostrykh vospalenii i v otsenke riskov sosudistykh patologii. Kliniko-laboratornyi konsilium. 2008; 2 (21): 37–48. [in Russian]
20. Genest J, McPherson J, Frohlich R et al. 2009 Canadian Cardiovascular Society. Canadian guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of dyslipidemia and prevention of cardiovascular disease in the adult—2009 recommendations. Can J Cardiol 2009; 25: 567–79.
21. Pearson TA, Mensah GA, Alexander RW et al. Markers of inflammation and cardiovascular disease: application to clinical and public health practice: a statement for healthcare professionals from the centers for disease control and prevention and the American Heart Association. Circulation 2003; 107: 499–511.
22. Ridker PM, Danielson E, Fonseca FAH et al. Reduction in C-reactive protein and LDL cholesterol and cardiovascular event rates after initiation of rosuvastatin: a prospective study of the JUPITER trial. Lancet 2009; 373: 1175–82.
23. Wang C, Yatsuya H, Tamakoshi K et al. Positive association between high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus in Japanese workers: 6-year follow-up. Diabetes 2013; 29 (5): 398–405.
24. Wilson PWF et al. C-reactive protein and reclassification of cardiovascular risk in the Framingham Heart Study. Circulation: cardiovascular quality and outcomes 2008; 1: 92–7.
25. Shichiri M еt аl. Plаsmа еndоthеlin lеvеls in hypеrtеnsiоn аnd chrоnic rеnаlfаilurе. Hypеrtеnsiоn; 15: 493–6.
26. Springеr T.А. Trаffic signаls fоr lymphоcytе rеcirculаtiоn аnd lеukоcytе еmigrаtiоn: Thе multistеp pаrаdigm. Cеll 1994; 76: 301–14.
27. Искандарова Л.Р., Хайбулина Н.Г., Амирова А.Р. и др. Показатели межклеточных молекул адгезии, иммунной системы при артериальной гипертонии. Современные наукоемкие технологии. 2005; 10: 43–4. / Iskandarova L.R., Khaibulina N.G., Amirova A.R. i dr. Pokazateli mezhkletochnykh molekul adgezii, immunnoi sistemy pri arterial'noi gipertonii. Sovremennye naukoemkie tekhnologii. 2005; 10: 43–4. [in Russian]
28. Gearing AJH, Newman W. Circulating adhesion molecules in disease. Immunology Today 1993; 14 (10): 506–12.
29. Grabie N, Tarrio ML, Newton G et al. Foxp3+inducible regulatory T Cells suppress endothelial activation and leukocyte recruitment. J Immunol 2011; 187: 3521–9.
30. Ceriello A, Falleti E, Motz E et al. Hyperglycemia-induced circulating ICAM-1 increase in diabetes mellitus: the possible role of oxidative stress. Horm Metab Res 1998; 30: 146–9.
31. Meydani M. Omega-3 fatty acids alter soluble markers of endothelial function in coronary heart disease patients. Nutr Rev 2000; 58: 56–9.
32. Pontiroli AE, Pizzocri P, Koprivec D. Body weight and glucose metabolism have a different effect on circulating levels of ICAM-1, E-selectin, and endothelin-1 in humans. Eur J Endocrinol 2004; 150: 195–200.
33. Weyer C, Yudkin JS, Stehouwer CD et al. Humoral markers of inflammation and endothelial dysfunction in relation to adiposity and in vivo insulin action in Pima Indians. Atherosclerosis 2002; 161: 233–42.
34. Riise GC, Larsson S, Lofdalh GG, Andersson ВA. Circulating cell adhesion molecules in bronchial lavage and serum in COPD patients with chronic bronchitis. Eur Respir J 1994; 7: 167–37.
35. David MP. Endothelin, Angiotensin, and Oxidative Stress in Hypertension. Hypertension 2005; 45: 477.
36. Недогода С.В. Сосудистая жесткость и скорость распространения пульсовой волны как плацдарм и мишень для фармакотерапии. В помощь практическому врачу. 2012; 1 (41): 113–6. / Nedogoda S.V. Sosudistaia zhestkost' i skorost' rasprostraneniia pul'sovoi volny kak platsdarm i mishen' dlia farmakoterapii. V pomoshch' prakticheskomu vrachu. 2012; 1 (41): 113–6. [in Russian]
37. Laurent S, Boutouyrie P, Asmar R, Gautier I. Aortic Stiffness Is an Independent Predictor of All-Cause and Cardiovascular Mortality in Hypertensive Patients. Hypertension. 2001; 37: 1236–41.
38. Гельцер Б.И. Оценка артериальной ригидности у больных хронической обструктивной болезнью легких. Пульмонология. 2008; 1: 38. / Gel'tser B.I. Otsenka arterial'noi rigidnosti u bol'nykh khronicheskoi obstruktivnoi bolezn'iu legkikh. Pul'monologiia. 2008; 1: 38. [in Russian]
39. Sabit R, Bolton CE, Edwards PH, Pettit RJ. Stiffness and Osteoporosis in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Am J Resp Crit Care Med 2007; 175: 1259–65.
40. Мухарлямов Н.М., Саттбеков Ж.С., Сучков В.В. Системная артериальная гипертензия у больных хроническими неспецифическими заболеваниями легких. Кардиология. 1974; 12 (34): 55–61. / Mukharliamov N.M., Sattbekov Zh.S., Suchkov V.V. Sistemnaia arterial'naia gipertenziia u bol'nykh khronicheskimi nespetsificheskimi zabolevaniiami legkikh. Kardiologiia. 1974; 12 (34): 55–61. [in Russian]
41. Палеев Н.Р. Существует ли «пульмогенная гипертензия»? Кардиология. 2002; 6: 51–3. / Paleev N.R. Sushchestvuet li «pul'mogennaia gipertenziia»? Kardiologiia. 2002; 6: 51–3. [in Russian]
42. Александров А.И. Легочная гемодинамика и функциональное состояние сердца при хронических неспецифических заболеваниях легких. Автореф. дис. … д-ра мед. наук. СПб., 1992. / Aleksandrov A.I. Legochnaia gemodinamika i funktsional'noe sostoianie serdtsa pri khronicheskikh nespetsificheskikh zabolevaniiakh legkikh. Avtoref. dis. … d-ra med. nauk. SPb., 1992. [in Russian]
43. Бобров В.А. Состояние миокарда, гемодинамика и прессорные гуморальные субстанции у больных бронхиальной астмой и артериальной гипертензией. Клин. медицина. 1989; 11: 31–5. / Bobrov V.A. Sostoianie miokarda, gemodinamika i pressornye gumoral'nye substantsii u bol'nykh bronkhial'noi astmoi i arterial'noi gipertenziei. Klin. meditsina. 1989; 11: 31–5. [in Russian]
44. Глезер Г.А. Артериальная гипертония. М.: Издательство Атмосфера, 1996. / Glezer G.A. Arterial'naia gipertoniia. M.: Izdatel'stvo Atmosfera, 1996. [in Russian]
45. Серебрякова В. И. Клинико-патологические особенности нейроэндокринной регуляции при сочетании артериальной гипертензии с лабильной и стабильной обструкцией бронхов в возрастном и половом аспекте, коррекция выявленных нарушений. Автореф. дис. ... д-р мед. наук. СПб, 1998. / Serebriakova V. I. Kliniko-patologicheskie osobennosti neiroendokrinnoi reguliatsii pri sochetanii arterial'noi gipertenzii s labil'noi i stabil'noi obstruktsiei bronkhov v vozrastnom i polovom aspekte, korrektsiia vyiavlennykh narushenii. Avtoref. dis. ... d-r med. nauk. SPb, 1998. [in Russian]
46. Dinh-Xuan AT, Higenbottam TW, Glelland GA et al. Impairment of endothelium-dependent pulmonary-artery relaxation in chronic obstructive lung disease. N Engl Med J 1991; 324: 1539.
47. Schiffrin EL. The endothelium of resistance arteries: physiology and role in hypertension. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 1996; 54 (1): 17–25.
48. Shimokawa H. Endothelial dysfunction in hypertension. J Atheroscler Thromb 1998; 4 (3): 118–27.
49. Simon A, Castro A, Kaski JC. Assessment of endothelial dysfunction and its clinical usefulness. Rev Esp Cardiol 2001; 54 (2): 211–7.
50. Ribeiro OF, Alves AJ, Teixeira M et al. Endothelial function and atherosclerosis: circulatory markers with clinical usefulness. Rev Port Cardiol 2009; 28 (10): 1121–51.
51. Kinlаy S, Bеhrеndt D, Wаinstеinеtаl M. Rоlеоf Еndоthеlin-1 in thе Аctivе Cоnstrictiоn оf Humаn Аthеrоsclеrоtic Cоrоnаry Аrtеriеs. Circulаtiоn. 2001; 104: 1114.
52. Rongen GA, Smits P, Thien T. Endothelium and the regulation of vascular tone with emphasis on the role of nitric oxide. Physiology, pathophysiology and clinical implications. Neth J Med 1994; 44 (1): 26–35.
53. Libby P, Ridrer PM, Masseri A. Inflammation and Atherosclerosis. Circulation 2002; 105: 1135–43.
54. Оеlsnеr ЕC, Pоttingеr TD, Burkаrt KM, Аllisоn M. Аdhеsiоnmоlеculеs, еndоthеlin-1 аnd lung functiоni n sеvеn pоpulаtiоn-bаsеdcоhоrts. Biоmаrkеrs 2013; 18 (3): 196–203.
55. Wаltеr RE, Wilk JB, Lаrsоn MG, Vаsаn RS. Systеmic inflаmmаtiоn аnd CОPD: thе Frаminghаm Hеаrt Study. Chеst 2008; 133 (1): 19–25.
56. Zhоnghuа Jiе Hе Hе, Hu Xi Zа Zhi. Intеgrin-аssоciаtеd prоtеins in blооd plаsmа оf pаtiеnts with аcutееxаcеrbаtiоn оf chrоnic оbstructivе pulmоnаry disеаsе. Аrticlе in Chinеsе 2010; 33 (4): 265–7.
________________________________________________
2. Karoli N.A., Rebrov A.P. Komorbidnost' u bol'nykh khronicheskoi obstruktivnoi bolezn'iu legkikh: mesto kardiovaskuliarnoi patologii. Ratsional'naia farmakoterapiia v kardiologii. 1999; 4: 9–16. [in Russian]
3. Anthonisen NR, Connett JE, Enright PL, Manfreda J, Lung Health Study Research Group. Hospitalizations and mortality in the Lung Health Study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2002; 166: 333–9.
4. Suylen RI, Smits JF, Daemen MJ. Pulmonary artery remodeling difference in hypoxia and monocrotaline induced pulmonary hypertension. Am J Respir Erit Care Med 2008; 157: 1423–8.
5. Heitzer T, Schlinzig T, Krohn K et al. Endothelial dysfunction, oxidative stress and risk of cardiovascular events in patients with coronary disease. Circulation 2001; 104: 263–8.
6. Lucher TF, Noll G. The pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease: role of the endothelium as a target and mediator. Atherosclerosis 1995; 118: 81–90.
7. Ridker P, Cannon C, Morrow D.et al. Pravastatin or Atorvastatin Evaluation and Infection Therapy – trombolysis in Myocardial Infarction 22 (PROVE IT-TIMI 22) Investigators. C-reactive protein levels and outcomes after statin therapy. N Engl J Med 2005; 352: 20.
8. Sin DD, Man SF. Why are patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease at increased risk of cardiovascular diseases? The potential role of systemic inflammation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Circulation 2003; 107: 1514–9.
9. Nosratola D, Bernardo R. Mechanisms of Disease: oxidative stress and inflammation in the pathogenesis of hypertension. Nat Clin Pract Nephrology 2006; 2 (10): 582–93.
10. Repine JE, Bast A, Lankhorst L. Oxidative stress in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1997; 156: 341–57.
11. Henning B, Diana JN, Toborek M, McClain CJ. Influence of nutrients and cytokines on endothelial cell metabolism. J Am Coll Nutr 1994; 13: 224–31.
12. Constans J, Conri C. Circulating markers of endothelial function in cardiovascular disease. Clinica Chimica Acta 2006; 368: 33–47.
13. Corrado E, Rizzo M, Tantillo R et al. Markers of inflammation and infection influence the outcome of patients with baseline asymptomatic carotid lesions: a 5-year follow-up study. Stroke 2006; 37: 482–6.
14. Ridker PM, Haughie P. Prospective studies of C-reactive protein as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. J Investig Med 1998; 46: 391–5.
15. Ridker PM, Hennekens CH. C-reactive protein and other markers of inflammation in the prediction of cardiovascular disease in women. N Engl J Med 2000; 342: 836–43.
16. Saetta M, Baraldo S, Corbino L et al. CD8+ve cells in the lungs of smokers with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1999; 160: 711–1.
17. Bautista LE, Lopez-Jaramillo P, Vera LM, Casas JP. Is C-reactive protein an independent risk factor for essential hypertension? J Hypertens 2001; 19: 857–61.
18. Van Der Meer IM, de Maat MP, Hak AE. C-reactive protein predicts progression of atherosclerosis measured at various sites in the arterial tree: the: Rotterdam Study. Stroke 2002; 33: 2750–5.
19. Vel'kov V.V. S-reaktivnyi belok v laboratornoi diagnostike ostrykh vospalenii i v otsenke riskov sosudistykh patologii. Kliniko-laboratornyi konsilium. 2008; 2 (21): 37–48. [in Russian]
20. Genest J, McPherson J, Frohlich R et al. 2009 Canadian Cardiovascular Society. Canadian guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of dyslipidemia and prevention of cardiovascular disease in the adult—2009 recommendations. Can J Cardiol 2009; 25: 567–79.
21. Pearson TA, Mensah GA, Alexander RW et al. Markers of inflammation and cardiovascular disease: application to clinical and public health practice: a statement for healthcare professionals from the centers for disease control and prevention and the American Heart Association. Circulation 2003; 107: 499–511.
22. Ridker PM, Danielson E, Fonseca FAH et al. Reduction in C-reactive protein and LDL cholesterol and cardiovascular event rates after initiation of rosuvastatin: a prospective study of the JUPITER trial. Lancet 2009; 373: 1175–82.
23. Wang C, Yatsuya H, Tamakoshi K et al. Positive association between high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus in Japanese workers: 6-year follow-up. Diabetes 2013; 29 (5): 398–405.
24. Wilson PWF et al. C-reactive protein and reclassification of cardiovascular risk in the Framingham Heart Study. Circulation: cardiovascular quality and outcomes 2008; 1: 92–7.
25. Shichiri M еt аl. Plаsmа еndоthеlin lеvеls in hypеrtеnsiоn аnd chrоnic rеnаlfаilurе. Hypеrtеnsiоn; 15: 493–6.
26. Springеr T.А. Trаffic signаls fоr lymphоcytе rеcirculаtiоn аnd lеukоcytе еmigrаtiоn: Thе multistеp pаrаdigm. Cеll 1994; 76: 301–14.
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Авторы
С.И.Овчаренко*, З.Н.Нерсесян
ГБОУ ВПО Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М.Сеченова Минздрава России. 119991, Россия, Москва, ул. Трубецкая, д. 8, стр. 1
*svetftk@mail.ru
ГБОУ ВПО Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М.Сеченова Минздрава России. 119991, Россия, Москва, ул. Трубецкая, д. 8, стр. 1
*svetftk@mail.ru
________________________________________________
S.I.Ovcharenko*, Z.N.Nersesian
I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. 119991, Russian Federation, Moscow, ul. Trubetskaya, d. 8, str. 1
*svetftk@mail.ru
I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. 119991, Russian Federation, Moscow, ul. Trubetskaya, d. 8, str. 1
*svetftk@mail.ru
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