Роль цефалоспоринов III поколения в терапии инфекционных заболеваний верхних дыхательных путей и уха

Мальцева Г.С. Роль цефалоспоринов III поколения в терапии инфекционных заболеваний верхних дыхательных путей и уха. Consilium Medicum. Болезни органов дыхания (Прил.). 2015; с. 26–30.

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Maltseva G.S. The role of the III generation cephalosporins in the treatment of infectious diseases of the upper respiratory tract and ear. Consilium Medicum. Respiratory organs diseases. (Suppl.). 2015; p. 26–30.

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Аннотация

Основными бактериальными патогенами, обусловливающими развитие острого синусита и острого среднего отита, являются Streptococcus pneumoniae, Hemophilus influenzaе и Moraxella catarrhalis. До недавнего времени наибольшую опасность представляла S. pneumoniaе, и антибактериальная терапия была ориентирована главным образом на борьбу с этим микроорганизмом. Однако внесение вакцинации против пневмококка в обязательный календарь прививок в России приведет (как сложилось уже в США и Западной Европе) к изменению микробного пейзажа при заболеваниях верхних дыхательных путей и уха. Вместо пневмококка лидирующее место займет гемофильная палочка (H. influenzae). Эти изменения микробного пейзажа должны учитываться при выборе адекватной антибактериальной терапии. В статье приводится обзор данных клинических исследований эффективности и безопасности цефиксима при заболеваниях верхних дыхательных путей и уха.

Ключевые слова: острый средний отит, острый синусит, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Hemophilus influenzae и Moraxella catarrhalis, антибиотикотерапия.

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The main bacterial pathogens causes of acute sinusitis and acute otitis media are Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Moraxella catarrhalis. Until recently, the greatest danger is S. pneumoniae and antibiotic therapy has been focused mainly on the fight against this microorganism. However, the introduction of vaccination against pneumococcus in the mandatory vaccination schedule in Russia will (as happened in the US and Western Europe) to change the landscape of microbial diseases of the upper respiratory tract and ear. Instead, it takes a leading position pneumococcus H. influenzae. These changes microbial landscape should be considered when choosing the appropriate antimicrobial therapy. The article provides an overview of data from clinical studies of efficacy and safety of cefixime in diseases of the upper respiratory tract and ear.

Key words: acute otitis media, acute sinusitis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis, antibiotic therapy.

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Список литературы

1. Cartwright K. Pneumococcal disease in western Europe: burden of disease, antibiotic resistance and management. Eur J Pediatr 2002; 161: 188–95.
2. Козлов Р.С., Сивая О.В., Кречикова О.И. и др. Динамика резистентности Streptococcus pneumoniae к антибиотикам в России за период 1999–2009 гг. Клин. микробиология и антимикробная химиотерапия. 2010; 4: 1–13. / Kozlov R.S., Sivaia O.V., Krechikova O.I. i dr. Dinamika rezistentnosti Streptococcus pneumoniae k antibiotikam v Rossii za period 1999–2009 gg. Klin. mikrobiologiia i antimikrobnaia khimioterapiia. 2010; 4: 1–13. [in Russian]
3. Jacobs MR, Felmingham D, Appelbaum PC et al. The Alexander Project 1998–2000: susceptibility of pathogens isolated from community-acquired respiratory tract infection to commonly used antimicrobial agents. J Antimicrob Chemother 2003; 52 (2): 229–46.
4. Kyaw MH, Lynfield R, Schaffner W et al. Effect of introduction of the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine on drug-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae. N Engl J Med 2006; 354 (14): 1455–63.
5. Brunton S. Current face of acute otitis media: Microbiology and prevalence resulting from widespread use of heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine. Clin Ther 2006; 28 (1): 118–23.
6. Block SL, Hedrick J, Harrison CJ et al. Community-wide vaccination with the heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate significantly alters the microbiology of acute otitis media. Pediatr Infect Dis 2004; 23 (9): 829–33.
7. Farrell DJ, Klugman KP, Pichichero M. Increased antimicrobial resistance among nonvaccine serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae in the pediatric population after the introduction of 7-valent pneumococcal vaccine in the United States. Pediatr Infect Dis 2007; 26 (2): 123–8.
8. Harrison CJ, Woods C, Strout G et al. Susceptibilities of Haemophilus influenza, Streptococcus pneumonia, including serotype 19A, and Moraxella catarrhalis peadiatric isolates from 2005 to 2007 to commonly used antibiotics. J Antimicrob Chemother 2009; 63 (3): 511–9.
9. Jansen WTM, Verel A, Beitsma M et al. Longitudinal European surveillance study of antibiotic resistance of Haemophilus influenza. J Antimicrob Chemother 2006; 58: 873–7.
10. Hausen Th, Weidlich G, Schmitt J. Safety and efficacy of cefixime in the treatment of respiratory tract infections in Germany. Infection 1995; 23 (Suppl. 2): 65–9.
11. Wu DH. Efficacy and tolerability of cefixime in otitis media. Drugs 1991; 42 (Suppl. 4): 30–2.
12. McLinn SE. Randomized, open label,multicenter trial of cefixime compared with amoxicillin for treatment of acute otitis media with effusion. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1987; 6: 997–1001.
13. Owen MJ, Anwar R, Nguyen HK et al. Efficacy of cefixime in the treatment of acute otitis media in children. Am J Dis Child 1993; 147: 81–6.
14. Johnson CE, Carlin SA, Super DM et al. Cefixime compared with amoxicillin for treatment of acute otitis media. J Pediatr 1991; 119: 117–22.
15. Rodriguez WJ, Khan W, Sait T et al. Cefixime vs. cefaclor in the treatment of acute otitis media in children: A randomized, comparative study. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1993; 12: 70–4.
16. Gooch WM III, Philips A, Rhoades R et al. Comparison of the efficacy,safety and acceptability of cefixime and amoxicillin/clavulanate in acute otitis media. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1997; 16 (Suppl. 2): 21–4.
17. Sunderland R, Mcvey DL, Atkin KJ. Cefixime versus co-amoxiclav in the treatment of pediatric upper respiratory tract infections and otitis media. Curr Ther Res 1994; 55 (Suppl. A): 22–9.
18. Claxton AJ, Cramer J, Pierce C. A systematic review of the association between dose regimens and medication compliance. Clin Ther 2001; 23: 1296–310.
19. Фомина И.П., Смирнова Л.Б. Современное значение орального цефалоспорина III поколения цефиксима в терапии бактериальных инфекций. Инфекции и антимикробная терапия. 2012; 4 (3): 38–40. / Fomina I.P., Smirnova L.B. Sovremennoe znachenie oral'nogo tsefalosporina III pokoleniia tsefiksima v terapii bakterial'nykh infektsii. Infektsii i antimikrobnaia terapiia. 2012; 4 (3): 38–40. [in Russian]
20. Brogden RN, Campoli Richards DM. Cefixime. A review of its antibacterial activity, pharmacokinetic properties and therapeutic potential. Drugs 1989; 38: 524–50.

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1. Cartwright K. Pneumococcal disease in western Europe: burden of disease, antibiotic resistance and management. Eur J Pediatr 2002; 161: 188–95.
2. Kozlov R.S., Sivaia O.V., Krechikova O.I. i dr. Dinamika rezistentnosti Streptococcus pneumoniae k antibiotikam v Rossii za period 1999–2009 gg. Klin. mikrobiologiia i antimikrobnaia khimioterapiia. 2010; 4: 1–13. [in Russian]
3. Jacobs MR, Felmingham D, Appelbaum PC et al. The Alexander Project 1998–2000: susceptibility of pathogens isolated from community-acquired respiratory tract infection to commonly used antimicrobial agents. J Antimicrob Chemother 2003; 52 (2): 229–46.
4. Kyaw MH, Lynfield R, Schaffner W et al. Effect of introduction of the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine on drug-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae. N Engl J Med 2006; 354 (14): 1455–63.
5. Brunton S. Current face of acute otitis media: Microbiology and prevalence resulting from widespread use of heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine. Clin Ther 2006; 28 (1): 118–23.
6. Block SL, Hedrick J, Harrison CJ et al. Community-wide vaccination with the heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate significantly alters the microbiology of acute otitis media. Pediatr Infect Dis 2004; 23 (9): 829–33.
7. Farrell DJ, Klugman KP, Pichichero M. Increased antimicrobial resistance among nonvaccine serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae in the pediatric population after the introduction of 7-valent pneumococcal vaccine in the United States. Pediatr Infect Dis 2007; 26 (2): 123–8.
8. Harrison CJ, Woods C, Strout G et al. Susceptibilities of Haemophilus influenza, Streptococcus pneumonia, including serotype 19A, and Moraxella catarrhalis peadiatric isolates from 2005 to 2007 to commonly used antibiotics. J Antimicrob Chemother 2009; 63 (3): 511–9.
9. Jansen WTM, Verel A, Beitsma M et al. Longitudinal European surveillance study of antibiotic resistance of Haemophilus influenza. J Antimicrob Chemother 2006; 58: 873–7.
10. Hausen Th, Weidlich G, Schmitt J. Safety and efficacy of cefixime in the treatment of respiratory tract infections in Germany. Infection 1995; 23 (Suppl. 2): 65–9.
11. Wu DH. Efficacy and tolerability of cefixime in otitis media. Drugs 1991; 42 (Suppl. 4): 30–2.
12. McLinn SE. Randomized, open label,multicenter trial of cefixime compared with amoxicillin for treatment of acute otitis media with effusion. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1987; 6: 997–1001.
13. Owen MJ, Anwar R, Nguyen HK et al. Efficacy of cefixime in the treatment of acute otitis media in children. Am J Dis Child 1993; 147: 81–6.
14. Johnson CE, Carlin SA, Super DM et al. Cefixime compared with amoxicillin for treatment of acute otitis media. J Pediatr 1991; 119: 117–22.
15. Rodriguez WJ, Khan W, Sait T et al. Cefixime vs. cefaclor in the treatment of acute otitis media in children: A randomized, comparative study. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1993; 12: 70–4.
16. Gooch WM III, Philips A, Rhoades R et al. Comparison of the efficacy,safety and acceptability of cefixime and amoxicillin/clavulanate in acute otitis media. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1997; 16 (Suppl. 2): 21–4.
17. Sunderland R, Mcvey DL, Atkin KJ. Cefixime versus co-amoxiclav in the treatment of pediatric upper respiratory tract infections and otitis media. Curr Ther Res 1994; 55 (Suppl. A): 22–9.
18. Claxton AJ, Cramer J, Pierce C. A systematic review of the association between dose regimens and medication compliance. Clin Ther 2001; 23: 1296–310.
19. Fomina I.P., Smirnova L.B. Sovremennoe znachenie oral'nogo tsefalosporina III pokoleniia tsefiksima v terapii bakterial'nykh infektsii. Infektsii i antimikrobnaia terapiia. 2012; 4 (3): 38–40. [in Russian]
20. Brogden RN, Campoli Richards DM. Cefixime. A review of its antibacterial activity, pharmacokinetic properties and therapeutic potential. Drugs 1989; 38: 524–50.

Авторы

Г.С.Мальцева*

ФГБУ Санкт-Петербургский НИИ уха, горла, носа и речи Минздрава России. 190013, Россия, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Бронницкая, д. 9
*g.s.maltseva@gmail.com

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G.S.Maltseva*

Saint Petersburg Institute of ear, nose and throat and speech of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. 190013, Russian Federation, Saint Petersburg, ul. Bronnitskaia, d. 9
*g.s.maltseva@gmail.com

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