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Современные представления о тонзиллофарингите
Современные представления о тонзиллофарингите
Косяков С.Я., Анготоева И.Б., Мулдашева А.А. Современные представления о тонзиллофарингите. Consilium Medicum. 2016; 18 (3): 86–89. DOI: 10.26442/2075-1753_2016.3.86-89
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Аннотация
В статье представлены результаты анализа литературы по изучению этиологии, особенностей клинического течения, подхода к диагностике и лечению острого тонзиллофарингита отечественными и зарубежными оториноларингологами с позиции доказательной медицины.
Ключевые слова: острый тонзиллит, тонзиллофарингит.
Ключевые слова: острый тонзиллит, тонзиллофарингит.
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The article presents the results of the literature review for the study of the etiology, clinical features, approach to diagnosis and treatment of acute tonsillopharyngitis by domestic and foreign otolaryngologists.
Key words: acute tonsillitis, tonsillopharyngitis.
Key words: acute tonsillitis, tonsillopharyngitis.
Полный текст
Список литературы
1. Pichichero ME, Casey JR. Defining and dealing with carriers of group A Streptococci. Contemporary Pediatrics 2003; 1: 46.
2. Wald E. Antibiotic Treatment of Pharyngitis. Pediatr Rev 2001; 22 (8): 255–6.
3. Kvestad E, Kvaerner KJ, Roysamb E, Tambs K et al. Heritability of recurrent tonsillitis. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2005; 131 (5): 383.
4. Pichichenko ME. GroupA streptococcal tonsillopharyngitis:cost-effective diagnosis and treatment. Ann Emerg Med 1995; 25 (3): 390–403.
5. Лопатин А.С. Антибактериальная терапия при острой инфекции лор-органов. Рус. мед. журн. 2004; 2: 23–5. / Lopatin A.S. Antibakterial'naia terapiia pri ostroi infektsii lor-organov. Rus. med. zhurn. 2004; 2: 23–5. [in Russian]
6. Klug T. Incidence and microbiology of peritonsillar abscess: the influence of season, age, and gender. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2014; 33 (7): 1163–7.
7. Eriksson B, Andersson J, Holm S et al. Epidemiological and Clinical Aspects of Invasive Group A Streptococcal Infections and the Streptococcal Toxic Shock Syndrome. Clin Infect Dis 1998; 27 (6): 1428–36.
8. Stevens DL. Invasive group A streptococcal infections. Pediatr Infect Dis 1994; 13 (6): 561–6.
9. Свистушкин В.М., Мустафаев Д.М. Парафарингиаотный абсцесс, тонзиллогенный сепсис: особенности патогенеза, клинической картины и современных представлении о лечении. Вестн. оториноларингологии. 2013; 3: 29–34. / Svistushkin V.M., Mustafaev D.M. Parafaringiaotnyi abstsess, tonzillogennyi sepsis: osobennosti patogeneza, klinicheskoi kartiny i sovremennykh predstavlenii o lechenii. Vestn. otorinolaringologii. 2013; 3: 29–34. [in Russian]
10. Мальцева ГС. Стрептококковая инфекция при хроническом тонзиллите. Consillium Medicum. 2009; 11 (3): 45–57. / Mal'tseva GS. Streptokokkovaia infektsiia pri khronicheskom tonzillite. Consillium Medicum. 2009; 11 (3): 45–57. [in Russian]
11. Seckeler M, Hoke T. The worldwide epidemiology of acute rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease. CLEP 2011; 22 (3): 67–84.
12. Пискунов Г.З., Анготоева И.Б. Острый тонзиллофарингит. Лечащий врач. 2007; 2: 20–3. / Piskunov G.Z., Angotoeva I.B. Ostryi tonzillofaringit. Lechashchii vrach. 2007; 2: 20–3. [in Russian]
13. Щербакова М.Ю., Белов Б.С. А-стрептококковый тонзиллит: современные аспекты. Педиатрия. 2009; 5 (88): 127–35. / Shcherbakova M.Iu., Belov B.S. A-streptokokkovyi tonzillit: sovremennye aspekty. Pediatriia. 2009; 5 (88): 127–35. [in Russian]
14. Stollerman G. Rheumatic fever. Lancet 1997; 349: 935–42.
15. Dajani A, Taubert K, Ferrieri P. Treatment of acute streptococcal pharyngitis and prevention of rheumatic fever: a statement for health professionals. Committee on Rheumatic Fever, Endocarditis, and Kawasaki Disease of the Council on Cardiovascular Disease in the Young the American Heart Association. Pediatrics 1995; 96: 758–64.
16. American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery. http://www.entnet.org/Accessed February 26, 2015.
17. Byron J Bailey, Johnson JT et al. Head and Neack Surgery. Otolaryngology. Lippincott: Williams & Wilkins; 2001.
18. Centor R, Witherspoon J, Dalton H et al. The Diagnosis of Strep Throat in Adults in the Emergency Room. Med Decision Making 1981; 1 (3): 239–46.
19. Таточенко В.К., Бакрадзе М.Д., Дарманян А.С. Острые тонзиллиты в детском возрасте: диагностика и лечение. Фарматека. 2009; 14: 27–8. / Tatochenko V.K., Bakradze M.D., Darmanian A.S. Ostrye tonzillity v detskom vozraste: diagnostika i lechenie. Farmateka. 2009; 14: 27–8. [in Russian]
20. Шпынев К.В., Кречиков В. Современные подходы к диагностике стрептококкового фарингита. Клин. микробиология и антимикроб. химиотерапия. 2007; 1 (9): 45–8. / Shpynev K.V., Krechikov V. Sovremennye podkhody k diagnostike streptokokkovogo faringita. Klin. mikrobiologiia i antimikrob. khimioterapiia. 2007; 1 (9): 45–8. [in Russian]
21. Klug TE. Incidence and microbiology of peritonsillar abscess: the influence of season, age, and gender. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2011; 33 (7): 1163–7.
22. Pichichero ME, Casey JR. Systemreview of factors contributing to penicillin treatment failure in Streptococcus pyogenes pharyngitis. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surgery 2007; 137 (6): 851–7.
23. Преображенский Б.С., Попова Г.Н. Ангина, хронический тонзиллит и сопряженные с ними заболевания. М.: Медгиз, 1970. / Preobrazhenskii B.S., Popova G.N. Angina, khronicheskii tonzillit i sopriazhennye s nimi zabolevaniia. M.: Medgiz, 1970. [in Russian]
24. Антибактериальная терапия стрептококкового тонзиллита и фарингита. Практические рекомендации. Клин. микробиология и антимикроб. химиотерапия. http://antibiotic.ru\1999-1-1\078 / Antibakterial'naia terapiia streptokokkovogo tonzillita i faringita. Prakticheskie rekomendatsii. Klin. mikrobiologiia i antimikrob. khimioterapiia. http://antibiotic.ru\1999-1-1\078 [in Russian]
25. Стандарт первичной медико-санитарной помощи при остром тонзиллите (для детей и взрослых, лечение в амбулаторных условиях). Приказ Министерства Здравоохранения РФ №1205н от 20 декабря 2012 г. http://www.rosminzdrav.ru / Standart pervichnoi mediko-sanitarnoi pomoshchi pri ostrom tonzillite (dlia detei i vzroslykh, lechenie v ambulatornykh usloviiakh). Prikaz Ministerstva Zdravookhraneniia RF №1205n ot 20 dekabria 2012 g. http://www.rosminzdrav.ru [in Russian]
26. Van der Horst C, Joncas J, Ahronheim et al. GLack of Effect of Peroral Acyclovir for the Treatment of Acute Infectious Mononucleosis. J Infecti Dis 1991; 164 (4): 788–92.
27. Shulman S, Bisno A, Clegg H et al. Clinical Practice Guideline for the Diagnosis and Management of Group A Streptococcal Pharyngitis: 2012 Update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis 2012; 55 (10): 86–102.
28. Лопатин А.С. Рациональная фармакотерапия заболеваний уха, горла, носа: руководство практикующих врачей. Под общ. ред. А.С. Лопатина. М.: Литтера, 2011. / Lopatin A.S. Ratsional'naia farmakoterapiia zabolevanii ukha, gorla, nosa: rukovodstvo praktikuiushchikh vrachei. Pod obshch. red. A.S. Lopatina. M.: Littera, 2011. [in Russian]
29. MacIsaac WJ, Kellner JD, Aufricht Р. Emperical viladation of guedelines for the managament of pharingitis in children and aduls. JAMA 2004; 291: 1587–95.
30. Choby В. Diagnosis and Treatment of Streptococcal Pharyngitis. Am Fam Physician 2009; 79 (5): 383–90.
31. Martin JM, Green M, Barbadora KA et al. Erythromycin-Resistant Group A Streptococci in Schoolchildren in Pittsburgh. N Engl J Med 2002; 346 (16): 1200–6.
32. Страчунский Л.С., Белоусов Ю.Б., Козлов С.Н. Практическое руководство по антиинфекционной химиотерапии. Под ред. Л.С.Страчунского, Ю.Б.Белоусова, С.Н.Козлова. M.: Литтера, 2007. / Strachunskii L.S., Belousov Iu.B., Kozlov S.N. Prakticheskoe rukovodstvo po antiinfektsionnoi khimioterapii. Pod red. L.S.Strachunskogo, Iu.B.Belousova, S.N.Kozlova. M.: Littera, 2007. [in Russian]
33. Козлов Р.С., Сивая О.В., Шпынев К.В. и др. Антибиотикорезистентность Streptococcus pyogenes в России. Клин. микробиология антимикроб. химиотерапия. 2005; 7 (2): 50–112. / Kozlov R.S., Sivaia O.V., Shpynev K.V. i dr. Antibiotikorezistentnost' Streptococcus pyogenes v Rossii. Klin. mikrobiologiia antimikrob. khimioterapiia. 2005; 7 (2): 50–112. [in Russian]
34. Gonzales R, Bartlett J, Besser R et al. Principles of appropriate antibiotic use for treatment of nonspecific upper respiratory tract infections in adults: Background. Ann Emerg Med 2001; 37 (6): 698–702.
35. Ruiz J, Doron S, Aronson MA, Deschler DG. Тоnsillectomy in adults Indication. http://www.uptodate.com/contents/tonsillectomy-in-adults-indications/contributors
2. Wald E. Antibiotic Treatment of Pharyngitis. Pediatr Rev 2001; 22 (8): 255–6.
3. Kvestad E, Kvaerner KJ, Roysamb E, Tambs K et al. Heritability of recurrent tonsillitis. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2005; 131 (5): 383.
4. Pichichenko ME. GroupA streptococcal tonsillopharyngitis:cost-effective diagnosis and treatment. Ann Emerg Med 1995; 25 (3): 390–403.
5. Lopatin A.S. Antibakterial'naia terapiia pri ostroi infektsii lor-organov. Rus. med. zhurn. 2004; 2: 23–5. [in Russian]
6. Klug T. Incidence and microbiology of peritonsillar abscess: the influence of season, age, and gender. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2014; 33 (7): 1163–7.
7. Eriksson B, Andersson J, Holm S et al. Epidemiological and Clinical Aspects of Invasive Group A Streptococcal Infections and the Streptococcal Toxic Shock Syndrome. Clin Infect Dis 1998; 27 (6): 1428–36.
8. Stevens DL. Invasive group A streptococcal infections. Pediatr Infect Dis 1994; 13 (6): 561–6.
9. Svistushkin V.M., Mustafaev D.M. Parafaringiaotnyi abstsess, tonzillogennyi sepsis: osobennosti patogeneza, klinicheskoi kartiny i sovremennykh predstavlenii o lechenii. Vestn. otorinolaringologii. 2013; 3: 29–34. [in Russian]
10. Mal'tseva GS. Streptokokkovaia infektsiia pri khronicheskom tonzillite. Consillium Medicum. 2009; 11 (3): 45–57. [in Russian]
11. Seckeler M, Hoke T. The worldwide epidemiology of acute rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease. CLEP 2011; 22 (3): 67–84.
12. Piskunov G.Z., Angotoeva I.B. Ostryi tonzillofaringit. Lechashchii vrach. 2007; 2: 20–3. [in Russian]
13. Shcherbakova M.Iu., Belov B.S. A-streptokokkovyi tonzillit: sovremennye aspekty. Pediatriia. 2009; 5 (88): 127–35. [in Russian]
14. Stollerman G. Rheumatic fever. Lancet 1997; 349: 935–42.
15. Dajani A, Taubert K, Ferrieri P. Treatment of acute streptococcal pharyngitis and prevention of rheumatic fever: a statement for health professionals. Committee on Rheumatic Fever, Endocarditis, and Kawasaki Disease of the Council on Cardiovascular Disease in the Young the American Heart Association. Pediatrics 1995; 96: 758–64.
16. American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery. http://www.entnet.org/Accessed February 26, 2015.
17. Byron J Bailey, Johnson JT et al. Head and Neack Surgery. Otolaryngology. Lippincott: Williams & Wilkins; 2001.
18. Centor R, Witherspoon J, Dalton H et al. The Diagnosis of Strep Throat in Adults in the Emergency Room. Med Decision Making 1981; 1 (3): 239–46.
19. Tatochenko V.K., Bakradze M.D., Darmanian A.S. Ostrye tonzillity v detskom vozraste: diagnostika i lechenie. Farmateka. 2009; 14: 27–8. [in Russian]
20. Shpynev K.V., Krechikov V. Sovremennye podkhody k diagnostike streptokokkovogo faringita. Klin. mikrobiologiia i antimikrob. khimioterapiia. 2007; 1 (9): 45–8. [in Russian]
21. Klug TE. Incidence and microbiology of peritonsillar abscess: the influence of season, age, and gender. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2011; 33 (7): 1163–7.
22. Pichichero ME, Casey JR. Systemreview of factors contributing to penicillin treatment failure in Streptococcus pyogenes pharyngitis. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surgery 2007; 137 (6): 851–7.
23. Preobrazhenskii B.S., Popova G.N. Angina, khronicheskii tonzillit i sopriazhennye s nimi zabolevaniia. M.: Medgiz, 1970. [in Russian]
24. Antibakterial'naia terapiia streptokokkovogo tonzillita i faringita. Prakticheskie rekomendatsii. Klin. mikrobiologiia i antimikrob. khimioterapiia. http://antibiotic.ru\1999-1-1\078 [in Russian]
25. Standart pervichnoi mediko-sanitarnoi pomoshchi pri ostrom tonzillite (dlia detei i vzroslykh, lechenie v ambulatornykh usloviiakh). Prikaz Ministerstva Zdravookhraneniia RF №1205n ot 20 dekabria 2012 g. http://www.rosminzdrav.ru [in Russian]
26. Van der Horst C, Joncas J, Ahronheim et al. GLack of Effect of Peroral Acyclovir for the Treatment of Acute Infectious Mononucleosis. J Infecti Dis 1991; 164 (4): 788–92.
27. Shulman S, Bisno A, Clegg H et al. Clinical Practice Guideline for the Diagnosis and Management of Group A Streptococcal Pharyngitis: 2012 Update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis 2012; 55 (10): 86–102.
28. Lopatin A.S. Ratsional'naia farmakoterapiia zabolevanii ukha, gorla, nosa: rukovodstvo praktikuiushchikh vrachei. Pod obshch. red. A.S. Lopatina. M.: Littera, 2011. [in Russian]
29. MacIsaac WJ, Kellner JD, Aufricht Р. Emperical viladation of guedelines for the managament of pharingitis in children and aduls. JAMA 2004; 291: 1587–95.
30. Choby В. Diagnosis and Treatment of Streptococcal Pharyngitis. Am Fam Physician 2009; 79 (5): 383–90.
31. Martin JM, Green M, Barbadora KA et al. Erythromycin-Resistant Group A Streptococci in Schoolchildren in Pittsburgh. N Engl J Med 2002; 346 (16): 1200–6.
32. Strachunskii L.S., Belousov Iu.B., Kozlov S.N. Prakticheskoe rukovodstvo po antiinfektsionnoi khimioterapii. Pod red. L.S.Strachunskogo, Iu.B.Belousova, S.N.Kozlova. M.: Littera, 2007. [in Russian]
33. Kozlov R.S., Sivaia O.V., Shpynev K.V. i dr. Antibiotikorezistentnost' Streptococcus pyogenes v Rossii. Klin. mikrobiologiia antimikrob. khimioterapiia. 2005; 7 (2): 50–112. [in Russian]
34. Gonzales R, Bartlett J, Besser R et al. Principles of appropriate antibiotic use for treatment of nonspecific upper respiratory tract infections in adults: Background. Ann Emerg Med 2001; 37 (6): 698–702.
35. Ruiz J, Doron S, Aronson MA, Deschler DG. Тоnsillectomy in adults Indication. http://www.uptodate.com/contents/tonsillectomy-in-adults-indications/contributors
2. Wald E. Antibiotic Treatment of Pharyngitis. Pediatr Rev 2001; 22 (8): 255–6.
3. Kvestad E, Kvaerner KJ, Roysamb E, Tambs K et al. Heritability of recurrent tonsillitis. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2005; 131 (5): 383.
4. Pichichenko ME. GroupA streptococcal tonsillopharyngitis:cost-effective diagnosis and treatment. Ann Emerg Med 1995; 25 (3): 390–403.
5. Лопатин А.С. Антибактериальная терапия при острой инфекции лор-органов. Рус. мед. журн. 2004; 2: 23–5. / Lopatin A.S. Antibakterial'naia terapiia pri ostroi infektsii lor-organov. Rus. med. zhurn. 2004; 2: 23–5. [in Russian]
6. Klug T. Incidence and microbiology of peritonsillar abscess: the influence of season, age, and gender. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2014; 33 (7): 1163–7.
7. Eriksson B, Andersson J, Holm S et al. Epidemiological and Clinical Aspects of Invasive Group A Streptococcal Infections and the Streptococcal Toxic Shock Syndrome. Clin Infect Dis 1998; 27 (6): 1428–36.
8. Stevens DL. Invasive group A streptococcal infections. Pediatr Infect Dis 1994; 13 (6): 561–6.
9. Свистушкин В.М., Мустафаев Д.М. Парафарингиаотный абсцесс, тонзиллогенный сепсис: особенности патогенеза, клинической картины и современных представлении о лечении. Вестн. оториноларингологии. 2013; 3: 29–34. / Svistushkin V.M., Mustafaev D.M. Parafaringiaotnyi abstsess, tonzillogennyi sepsis: osobennosti patogeneza, klinicheskoi kartiny i sovremennykh predstavlenii o lechenii. Vestn. otorinolaringologii. 2013; 3: 29–34. [in Russian]
10. Мальцева ГС. Стрептококковая инфекция при хроническом тонзиллите. Consillium Medicum. 2009; 11 (3): 45–57. / Mal'tseva GS. Streptokokkovaia infektsiia pri khronicheskom tonzillite. Consillium Medicum. 2009; 11 (3): 45–57. [in Russian]
11. Seckeler M, Hoke T. The worldwide epidemiology of acute rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease. CLEP 2011; 22 (3): 67–84.
12. Пискунов Г.З., Анготоева И.Б. Острый тонзиллофарингит. Лечащий врач. 2007; 2: 20–3. / Piskunov G.Z., Angotoeva I.B. Ostryi tonzillofaringit. Lechashchii vrach. 2007; 2: 20–3. [in Russian]
13. Щербакова М.Ю., Белов Б.С. А-стрептококковый тонзиллит: современные аспекты. Педиатрия. 2009; 5 (88): 127–35. / Shcherbakova M.Iu., Belov B.S. A-streptokokkovyi tonzillit: sovremennye aspekty. Pediatriia. 2009; 5 (88): 127–35. [in Russian]
14. Stollerman G. Rheumatic fever. Lancet 1997; 349: 935–42.
15. Dajani A, Taubert K, Ferrieri P. Treatment of acute streptococcal pharyngitis and prevention of rheumatic fever: a statement for health professionals. Committee on Rheumatic Fever, Endocarditis, and Kawasaki Disease of the Council on Cardiovascular Disease in the Young the American Heart Association. Pediatrics 1995; 96: 758–64.
16. American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery. http://www.entnet.org/Accessed February 26, 2015.
17. Byron J Bailey, Johnson JT et al. Head and Neack Surgery. Otolaryngology. Lippincott: Williams & Wilkins; 2001.
18. Centor R, Witherspoon J, Dalton H et al. The Diagnosis of Strep Throat in Adults in the Emergency Room. Med Decision Making 1981; 1 (3): 239–46.
19. Таточенко В.К., Бакрадзе М.Д., Дарманян А.С. Острые тонзиллиты в детском возрасте: диагностика и лечение. Фарматека. 2009; 14: 27–8. / Tatochenko V.K., Bakradze M.D., Darmanian A.S. Ostrye tonzillity v detskom vozraste: diagnostika i lechenie. Farmateka. 2009; 14: 27–8. [in Russian]
20. Шпынев К.В., Кречиков В. Современные подходы к диагностике стрептококкового фарингита. Клин. микробиология и антимикроб. химиотерапия. 2007; 1 (9): 45–8. / Shpynev K.V., Krechikov V. Sovremennye podkhody k diagnostike streptokokkovogo faringita. Klin. mikrobiologiia i antimikrob. khimioterapiia. 2007; 1 (9): 45–8. [in Russian]
21. Klug TE. Incidence and microbiology of peritonsillar abscess: the influence of season, age, and gender. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2011; 33 (7): 1163–7.
22. Pichichero ME, Casey JR. Systemreview of factors contributing to penicillin treatment failure in Streptococcus pyogenes pharyngitis. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surgery 2007; 137 (6): 851–7.
23. Преображенский Б.С., Попова Г.Н. Ангина, хронический тонзиллит и сопряженные с ними заболевания. М.: Медгиз, 1970. / Preobrazhenskii B.S., Popova G.N. Angina, khronicheskii tonzillit i sopriazhennye s nimi zabolevaniia. M.: Medgiz, 1970. [in Russian]
24. Антибактериальная терапия стрептококкового тонзиллита и фарингита. Практические рекомендации. Клин. микробиология и антимикроб. химиотерапия. http://antibiotic.ru\1999-1-1\078 / Antibakterial'naia terapiia streptokokkovogo tonzillita i faringita. Prakticheskie rekomendatsii. Klin. mikrobiologiia i antimikrob. khimioterapiia. http://antibiotic.ru\1999-1-1\078 [in Russian]
25. Стандарт первичной медико-санитарной помощи при остром тонзиллите (для детей и взрослых, лечение в амбулаторных условиях). Приказ Министерства Здравоохранения РФ №1205н от 20 декабря 2012 г. http://www.rosminzdrav.ru / Standart pervichnoi mediko-sanitarnoi pomoshchi pri ostrom tonzillite (dlia detei i vzroslykh, lechenie v ambulatornykh usloviiakh). Prikaz Ministerstva Zdravookhraneniia RF №1205n ot 20 dekabria 2012 g. http://www.rosminzdrav.ru [in Russian]
26. Van der Horst C, Joncas J, Ahronheim et al. GLack of Effect of Peroral Acyclovir for the Treatment of Acute Infectious Mononucleosis. J Infecti Dis 1991; 164 (4): 788–92.
27. Shulman S, Bisno A, Clegg H et al. Clinical Practice Guideline for the Diagnosis and Management of Group A Streptococcal Pharyngitis: 2012 Update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis 2012; 55 (10): 86–102.
28. Лопатин А.С. Рациональная фармакотерапия заболеваний уха, горла, носа: руководство практикующих врачей. Под общ. ред. А.С. Лопатина. М.: Литтера, 2011. / Lopatin A.S. Ratsional'naia farmakoterapiia zabolevanii ukha, gorla, nosa: rukovodstvo praktikuiushchikh vrachei. Pod obshch. red. A.S. Lopatina. M.: Littera, 2011. [in Russian]
29. MacIsaac WJ, Kellner JD, Aufricht Р. Emperical viladation of guedelines for the managament of pharingitis in children and aduls. JAMA 2004; 291: 1587–95.
30. Choby В. Diagnosis and Treatment of Streptococcal Pharyngitis. Am Fam Physician 2009; 79 (5): 383–90.
31. Martin JM, Green M, Barbadora KA et al. Erythromycin-Resistant Group A Streptococci in Schoolchildren in Pittsburgh. N Engl J Med 2002; 346 (16): 1200–6.
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34. Gonzales R, Bartlett J, Besser R et al. Principles of appropriate antibiotic use for treatment of nonspecific upper respiratory tract infections in adults: Background. Ann Emerg Med 2001; 37 (6): 698–702.
35. Ruiz J, Doron S, Aronson MA, Deschler DG. Тоnsillectomy in adults Indication. http://www.uptodate.com/contents/tonsillectomy-in-adults-indications/contributors
Авторы
С.Я.Косяков*, И.Б.Анготоева, А.А.Мулдашева
ГБОУ ДПО Российская медицинская академия последипломного образования Минздрава России. 125993, Россия, Москва, ул. Баррикадная, д. 2/1
*serkosykov@yandex.ru
ГБОУ ДПО Российская медицинская академия последипломного образования Минздрава России. 125993, Россия, Москва, ул. Баррикадная, д. 2/1
*serkosykov@yandex.ru
________________________________________________
S.Ya.Kosiakov*, I.B.Angotoeva, A.A.Muldasheva
Russian Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. 125993, Russian Federation, Moscow, ul. Barrikadnaia, d. 2/1
*serkosykov@yandex.ru
Russian Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. 125993, Russian Federation, Moscow, ul. Barrikadnaia, d. 2/1
*serkosykov@yandex.ru
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