1. Амелин А.В., Игнатов Ю.Д., Скоромец А.А., Соколов А.Ю. Мигрень. Патогенез, клиника и фармакотерапия. Руководство для врачей. М.: МЕДпресс-информ, 2011. / Amelin A.V., Ignatov Iu.D., Skoromets A.A., Sokolov A.Iu. Migren'. Patogenez, klinika i farmakoterapiia. Rukovodstvo dlia vrachei. M.: MEDpress-inform, 2011. [in Russian]
2. Баринов А.Н., Пархоменко Е.В. Цервикогенная головная боль – дифференциальная диагностика и лечение. Неврология, нейропсихиатрия, психосоматика. 2012; 3: 24–8. / Barinov A.N., Parkhomenko E.V. Tservikogennaia golovnaia bol' – differentsial'naia diagnostika i lechenie. Nevrologiia, neiropsikhiatriia, psikhosomatika. 2012; 3: 24–8. [in Russian]
3. Боль (практическое руководство для врачей). Под ред. Н.Н.Ясно, М.Л.Кукушкина. М.: Издательство РАМН, 2011. / Bol' (prakticheskoe rukovodstvo dlia vrachei). Pod red. N.N.Iasno, M.L.Kukushkina. M.: Izdatel'stvo RAMN, 2011. [in Russian]
4. Каратеев А.Е. Что может стать альтернативой нестероидным противовоспалительным препаратам для контроля острой скелетно-мышечной боли у пациентов, имеющих в анамнезе инфаркт миокарда и желудочно-кишечное кровотечение. Consilium Medicum. 2016; 18: 82–90. / Karateev A.E. Chto mozhet stat' al'ternativoi nesteroidnym protivovospalitel'nym preparatam dlia kontrolia ostroi skeletno-myshechnoi boli u patsientov, imeiushchikh v anamneze infarkt miokarda i zheludochno-kishechnoe krovotechenie. Consilium Medicum. 2016; 18: 82–90. [in Russian]
5. Клиническая фармакология нестероидных противовоспалительных средств. Под ред. Ю.Д.Игнатова, В.Г.Кукеса, В.И.Мазурова. М.: ГЭОТАР-Медицина, 2010. / Klinicheskaia farmakologiia nesteroidnykh protivovospalitel'nykh sredstv. Pod red. Iu.D.Ignatova, V.G.Kukesa, V.I.Mazurova. M.: GEOTAR-Meditsina, 2010. [in Russian]
6. Ревматология. Национальное руководство. Под ред. Е.Л.Насонова, В.А.Насоновой. М.: ГЭОТАР-Медиа, 2008. / Revmatologiia. Natsional'noe rukovodstvo. Pod red. E.L.Nasonova, V.A.Nasonovoi. M.: GEOTAR-Media, 2008. [in Russian]
7. Чечет Е.А., Табеева Г.Р. Боль в шее при различных цефалгиях. Неврология, нейропсихиатрия, психосоматика. 2014; 4: 87–93. / Chechet E.A., Tabeeva G.R. Bol' v shee pri razlichnykh tsefalgiiakh. Nevrologiia, neiropsikhiatriia, psikhosomatika. 2014; 4: 87–93. [in Russian]
8. Aprill C, Axinn MJ, Bogduck N. Occipital headaches stemming fr om the lateral atlanto-axial (C1-C2) joint. Cephalalgia 2002; 22: 15–22.
9. Aw T-J, Haas S, Liew D. Meta-analysis of cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors and their effects on blood pressure. Arch Intern Med 2005; 165: 490–6.
10. Barre N. Sur un syndrome sympathique cervicale postérieure et sa cause fréquente: l’arthritecervicale. Revue du Neurologie 1926; 33: 1246–8.
11. Bartsch T, Goadsby PJ. The trigeminocervical complex and migraine: current concepts and synthesis. Curr Pain Headache Rep 2003; 7 (5): 371–6.
12. Bendtsen I. Central sensitisation in tension type headache – possible pathophysiological mechanisms. Cephalalgia 2000; 20: 486–508.
13. Berfort ES, Westerberg CE. Further observation on the neck tongue syndrome. Cephalalgia 1985; Suppl. 3: 312–3.
14. Bilge O. An anatomic and morphometric study of C2 nerve root ganglion and its corresponding foramen. Spine 2004; 29: 485–99.
15. Biondi DM. Cervicogenic Headache: A Review of Diagnostic and Treatment Strategies. JAOA 2005; 105 (4): 16–22.
16. Bogduk N. The anatomy of occipital neuralgia. Clin Exp Neurol 1980; 17: 167–84.
17. Bogduk N, Lambert G, Duckworth JW. The anatomy and physiology of the vertebral nerve in relation to cervical migraine. Cephalalgia 1981; 1: 1–14.
18. Bogduk N. An anatomical basis for neck tongue syndrome J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiat 1981: 44; 202–8.
19. Bogduk N. The clinical anatomy of the cervical dorsal rami. Spine 1982; 7: 319–30.
20. Bogduk N. Pain of cranial nerve and cervical nerve origin other than primary neuralgias. In: Headache. 3-rd end. Olesen J et al. 2006; p. 1043–51.
21. Busch V, Frese A, Bartsch T. The trigemino-cervical complex. Integration of peripheraland central pain mechanisms in primary headache syndromes. Schmerz 2004; 18: 404–10.
22. Calandre EP, Hidalgo J, Garcia-Leiva JM, Rico-Villademoros F. Trigger points evaluation in migraine patients: An indication of peripheral sensitization linked to migraine predisposition? Eur J Neurol 2006; 13: 244–9.
23. Calandre EP, Hidalgo J, Garcia-Leiva JM et al. Myofascial trigger points in cluster headache patients: a case series. Head Face Med 2008; 4: 32.
24. Chirls M. Retrospective study of cervical spondylosis treated by anterior interbody fusion in 505 patients performed by the Cloward technique . Bull NY Hosp Joint Dis 1978; 39: 74–82.
25. Devulder J. Flupirtine in Pain Management. CNS Drugs 2010; 24 (10): 867–81.
26. Elisevich K et al. Neck tongue syndrome: operative management. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiat 1984; 47: 407–9.
27. Fernandez-de-las-Penas C, Alonso-Blanco C, Cuadrado ML et al. Myo-fascial trigger points and their relationship to headache clinical parameters in chronic tension-type headache. Headache 2006; 47: 662–72.
28. Garcia-Leiva JM, Hidalgo J, Rico-Villademoros F et al. Effectiveness of ropivacaine trigger points inactivation in the prophylactic management of patients with severe migraine. Pain Med 2007; 8: 65–70.
29. Goadsby PJ. Migraine, Allodinia, Sensitisation and All of That… Eur Neurol 2005; 53 (Suppl. 1): 10–6.
30. Graven-Nielsen T, Arendt-Nielsen L. Musculoskeletal Pain. Basic mechanisms and implications. IASP Press, 2014; p. 534.
31. Grubb SA, Kelly CK. Cervical discography clinical implication from 12 years of experience. Spine 2000; 25: 1382–9.
32. Harish S et al. Flupirtine: Clinical pharmacology. J Anaesth Clin Pharmacol 2012; 28: 172–7.
33. Hunter CR, Mayfield FH. Role of upper cervical roots in the production of pain in the head. J Surg 1949; 78: 743–9.
34. Janssen J, Markakis E, Rama B et al. Hemicranial attacks or permnenthemicrania a sequel of upper cervical root compression. Chephalalgia 1989; 9: 123–30.
35. Jordan K, Arden N, Doherty M et al. EULAR Recommendations 2003: an evidence based approach to the management of knee osteoarthritis: Report of a Task Force of the Standing Committee for International Clinical Studies Including Therapeutic Trials (ESCISIT). Ann Rheum Dis 2003; 62 (12): 1145–55.
36. Jundt JW, Mock D. Temporal arteritis with normal erythrocyte sediment rates presenting as occipital neuralgia. Arthritis Rheum 1991; 34: 217–9.
37. Lance JW. Mechanism and Management of Headache (4-th edn). London: Butterworths, 1982.
38. Lord SM, Bogduk N. Cervical synovial joints as sources of post traumatic headache. J Musculosket Pain 1996; 4: 81–96.
39. Mastronardi P et al. Analgesic Activity of Flupirtine Maleate: a Controlled Double-blind Study with Diclofenac Sodium in Orthopaedics. J Intern Med Res 1988; 16: 338–48.
40. McMahon FG et al. Clinical experience with flupirtine in the U.S. Post-grad Med J 1987; 63: 81–5.
41. Messlinger K. Migraine: wh ere and how does the pain originate? Exp Brain Res 2009; 196 (1): 179–93.
42. Million R et al. Clinical trial of flupirtine maleate in patients with migraine. Curr Med Res Opin 1984; 9: 204–12.
43. Mueller-Schwefe G. Flupirtine in acute and chronic pain associated with muscle tenseness. Results of a postmarket surveillance study. Fortschr Med Orig 2003; 121 (1): 11–8.
44. Nowak H. Klinische Untersuchung von KatadolonR. Studie Zur Untersuchung der Wirkung über mehrere Tage. Degussa-Report No D 9998 76 043.
45. Pawl RP. Headache, cervical spondylosis and anterior cervical fusion. Sure Ann 1977; 9: 391–408.
46. Ringe JD et al. Analgesic Efficacy of Flupirtine in Primary Care of Patients with Osteoporosis Related Pain. A multivariate analysis. Arzneimittelforschung 2003; 53 (7): 496–502.
47. Schofferman J et al. Upper serveical anterior discectomy and fusion improves discogenic cervical headaches. Spine 2002; 27: 2240–4.
48. Schürks M, Diener HC. Migraine, allodynia, and implications for treatment. Eur J Neurol 2008; 15: 1279–85.
49. Sharma RR et al. Compression of the C2 root by a rare anomalous estatic vertebral artery. J Neurosurg 1993; 78: 669–72.
50. Silberstein SD, Lipton RB, Dodick DW. Wolff’s headache and other head pain. 8th ed. Oxford, 2008; p. 551–70.
51. Sjaastad O et al. Cervicogenic headache: diagnostic criteria. Headache 1998; 38: 442–5.
52. The International Classification of Headache Disorders, 3rd edition (beta version), Cephalalgia 2013; 33 (9): 629–808.
53. Trelle S, Reichenbach S, Wandel S et al. Cardiovascular safety of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: a network metaanalysis. BMJ 2011; 342: c7086.
54. Interview with PD Dr. Michael A Uberall, Nürnberg. Flupirtine once daily in tension headache (interview by Abdol A. Ameri). MMW Fortschr Med 2014; 156 (13): 71.
55. Zhang W, Doherty M, Arden N et al. EULAR evidence based recom-mendations for the management of hip osteoarthritis: report of a task force of the EULAR Standing Committee for International Clinical Studies In-cluding Therapeutics (ESCISIT). Ann Rheum Dis 2005; 64 (4): 655–66.
56. Worz R et al. Effectiveness of flupertine in chronic tension headache. Results of a double-blind study versus placebo. Forschr Med 1995; 113 (32): 463–8.

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1. Amelin A.V., Ignatov Iu.D., Skoromets A.A., Sokolov A.Iu. Migren'. Patogenez, klinika i farmakoterapiia. Rukovodstvo dlia vrachei. M.: MEDpress-inform, 2011. [in Russian]
2. Barinov A.N., Parkhomenko E.V. Tservikogennaia golovnaia bol' – differentsial'naia diagnostika i lechenie. Nevrologiia, neiropsikhiatriia, psikhosomatika. 2012; 3: 24–8. [in Russian]
3. Bol' (prakticheskoe rukovodstvo dlia vrachei). Pod red. N.N.Iasno, M.L.Kukushkina. M.: Izdatel'stvo RAMN, 2011. [in Russian]
4. Karateev A.E. Chto mozhet stat' al'ternativoi nesteroidnym protivovospalitel'nym preparatam dlia kontrolia ostroi skeletno-myshechnoi boli u patsientov, imeiushchikh v anamneze infarkt miokarda i zheludochno-kishechnoe krovotechenie. Consilium Medicum. 2016; 18: 82–90. [in Russian]
5. Klinicheskaia farmakologiia nesteroidnykh protivovospalitel'nykh sredstv. Pod red. Iu.D.Ignatova, V.G.Kukesa, V.I.Mazurova. M.: GEOTAR-Meditsina, 2010. [in Russian]
6. Revmatologiia. Natsional'noe rukovodstvo. Pod red. E.L.Nasonova, V.A.Nasonovoi. M.: GEOTAR-Media, 2008. [in Russian]
7. Chechet E.A., Tabeeva G.R. Bol' v shee pri razlichnykh tsefalgiiakh. Nevrologiia, neiropsikhiatriia, psikhosomatika. 2014; 4: 87–93. [in Russian]
8. Aprill C, Axinn MJ, Bogduck N. Occipital headaches stemming fr om the lateral atlanto-axial (C1-C2) joint. Cephalalgia 2002; 22: 15–22.
9. Aw T-J, Haas S, Liew D. Meta-analysis of cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors and their effects on blood pressure. Arch Intern Med 2005; 165: 490–6.
10. Barre N. Sur un syndrome sympathique cervicale postérieure et sa cause fréquente: l’arthritecervicale. Revue du Neurologie 1926; 33: 1246–8.
11. Bartsch T, Goadsby PJ. The trigeminocervical complex and migraine: current concepts and synthesis. Curr Pain Headache Rep 2003; 7 (5): 371–6.
12. Bendtsen I. Central sensitisation in tension type headache – possible pathophysiological mechanisms. Cephalalgia 2000; 20: 486–508.
13. Berfort ES, Westerberg CE. Further observation on the neck tongue syndrome. Cephalalgia 1985; Suppl. 3: 312–3.
14. Bilge O. An anatomic and morphometric study of C2 nerve root ganglion and its corresponding foramen. Spine 2004; 29: 485–99.
15. Biondi DM. Cervicogenic Headache: A Review of Diagnostic and Treatment Strategies. JAOA 2005; 105 (4): 16–22.
16. Bogduk N. The anatomy of occipital neuralgia. Clin Exp Neurol 1980; 17: 167–84.
17. Bogduk N, Lambert G, Duckworth JW. The anatomy and physiology of the vertebral nerve in relation to cervical migraine. Cephalalgia 1981; 1: 1–14.
18. Bogduk N. An anatomical basis for neck tongue syndrome J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiat 1981: 44; 202–8.
19. Bogduk N. The clinical anatomy of the cervical dorsal rami. Spine 1982; 7: 319–30.
20. Bogduk N. Pain of cranial nerve and cervical nerve origin other than primary neuralgias. In: Headache. 3-rd end. Olesen J et al. 2006; p. 1043–51.
21. Busch V, Frese A, Bartsch T. The trigemino-cervical complex. Integration of peripheraland central pain mechanisms in primary headache syndromes. Schmerz 2004; 18: 404–10.
22. Calandre EP, Hidalgo J, Garcia-Leiva JM, Rico-Villademoros F. Trigger points evaluation in migraine patients: An indication of peripheral sensitization linked to migraine predisposition? Eur J Neurol 2006; 13: 244–9.
23. Calandre EP, Hidalgo J, Garcia-Leiva JM et al. Myofascial trigger points in cluster headache patients: a case series. Head Face Med 2008; 4: 32.
24. Chirls M. Retrospective study of cervical spondylosis treated by anterior interbody fusion in 505 patients performed by the Cloward technique . Bull NY Hosp Joint Dis 1978; 39: 74–82.
25. Devulder J. Flupirtine in Pain Management. CNS Drugs 2010; 24 (10): 867–81.
26. Elisevich K et al. Neck tongue syndrome: operative management. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiat 1984; 47: 407–9.
27. Fernandez-de-las-Penas C, Alonso-Blanco C, Cuadrado ML et al. Myo-fascial trigger points and their relationship to headache clinical parameters in chronic tension-type headache. Headache 2006; 47: 662–72.
28. Garcia-Leiva JM, Hidalgo J, Rico-Villademoros F et al. Effectiveness of ropivacaine trigger points inactivation in the prophylactic management of patients with severe migraine. Pain Med 2007; 8: 65–70.
29. Goadsby PJ. Migraine, Allodinia, Sensitisation and All of That… Eur Neurol 2005; 53 (Suppl. 1): 10–6.
30. Graven-Nielsen T, Arendt-Nielsen L. Musculoskeletal Pain. Basic mechanisms and implications. IASP Press, 2014; p. 534.
31. Grubb SA, Kelly CK. Cervical discography clinical implication from 12 years of experience. Spine 2000; 25: 1382–9.
32. Harish S et al. Flupirtine: Clinical pharmacology. J Anaesth Clin Pharmacol 2012; 28: 172–7.
33. Hunter CR, Mayfield FH. Role of upper cervical roots in the production of pain in the head. J Surg 1949; 78: 743–9.
34. Janssen J, Markakis E, Rama B et al. Hemicranial attacks or permnenthemicrania a sequel of upper cervical root compression. Chephalalgia 1989; 9: 123–30.
35. Jordan K, Arden N, Doherty M et al. EULAR Recommendations 2003: an evidence based approach to the management of knee osteoarthritis: Report of a Task Force of the Standing Committee for International Clinical Studies Including Therapeutic Trials (ESCISIT). Ann Rheum Dis 2003; 62 (12): 1145–55.
36. Jundt JW, Mock D. Temporal arteritis with normal erythrocyte sediment rates presenting as occipital neuralgia. Arthritis Rheum 1991; 34: 217–9.
37. Lance JW. Mechanism and Management of Headache (4-th edn). London: Butterworths, 1982.
38. Lord SM, Bogduk N. Cervical synovial joints as sources of post traumatic headache. J Musculosket Pain 1996; 4: 81–96.
39. Mastronardi P et al. Analgesic Activity of Flupirtine Maleate: a Controlled Double-blind Study with Diclofenac Sodium in Orthopaedics. J Intern Med Res 1988; 16: 338–48.
40. McMahon FG et al. Clinical experience with flupirtine in the U.S. Post-grad Med J 1987; 63: 81–5.
41. Messlinger K. Migraine: wh ere and how does the pain originate? Exp Brain Res 2009; 196 (1): 179–93.
42. Million R et al. Clinical trial of flupirtine maleate in patients with migraine. Curr Med Res Opin 1984; 9: 204–12.
43. Mueller-Schwefe G. Flupirtine in acute and chronic pain associated with muscle tenseness. Results of a postmarket surveillance study. Fortschr Med Orig 2003; 121 (1): 11–8.
44. Nowak H. Klinische Untersuchung von KatadolonR. Studie Zur Untersuchung der Wirkung über mehrere Tage. Degussa-Report No D 9998 76 043.
45. Pawl RP. Headache, cervical spondylosis and anterior cervical fusion. Sure Ann 1977; 9: 391–408.
46. Ringe JD et al. Analgesic Efficacy of Flupirtine in Primary Care of Patients with Osteoporosis Related Pain. A multivariate analysis. Arzneimittelforschung 2003; 53 (7): 496–502.
47. Schofferman J et al. Upper serveical anterior discectomy and fusion improves discogenic cervical headaches. Spine 2002; 27: 2240–4.
48. Schürks M, Diener HC. Migraine, allodynia, and implications for treatment. Eur J Neurol 2008; 15: 1279–85.
49. Sharma RR et al. Compression of the C2 root by a rare anomalous estatic vertebral artery. J Neurosurg 1993; 78: 669–72.
50. Silberstein SD, Lipton RB, Dodick DW. Wolff’s headache and other head pain. 8th ed. Oxford, 2008; p. 551–70.
51. Sjaastad O et al. Cervicogenic headache: diagnostic criteria. Headache 1998; 38: 442–5.
52. The International Classification of Headache Disorders, 3rd edition (beta version), Cephalalgia 2013; 33 (9): 629–808.
53. Trelle S, Reichenbach S, Wandel S et al. Cardiovascular safety of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: a network metaanalysis. BMJ 2011; 342: c7086.
54. Interview with PD Dr. Michael A Uberall, Nürnberg. Flupirtine once daily in tension headache (interview by Abdol A. Ameri). MMW Fortschr Med 2014; 156 (13): 71.
55. Zhang W, Doherty M, Arden N et al. EULAR evidence based recom-mendations for the management of hip osteoarthritis: report of a task force of the EULAR Standing Committee for International Clinical Studies In-cluding Therapeutics (ESCISIT). Ann Rheum Dis 2005; 64 (4): 655–66.
56. Worz R et al. Effectiveness of flupertine in chronic tension headache. Results of a double-blind study versus placebo. Forschr Med 1995; 113 (32): 463–8.

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