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Роль респираторных инфекций в развитии и течении бронхиальной обструкции и бронхиальной астмы у детей: обзор литературы
Роль респираторных инфекций в развитии и течении бронхиальной обструкции и бронхиальной астмы у детей: обзор литературы
Геппе Н.А., Дронов И.А. Роль респираторных инфекций в развитии и течении бронхиальной обструкции и бронхиальной астмы у детей: обзор литературы. Consilium Medicum. Болезни органов дыхания (Прил.). 2016; с. 71–74.
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Аннотация
В статье представлен обзор данных научной литературы о влиянии различных респираторных инфекций на развитие и течение бронхиальной обструкции и бронхиальной астмы у детей. Проведенные исследования демонстрируют, что ряд возбудителей респираторной инфекции (прежде всего респираторно-синцитиальный вирус, риновирус, Mycoplasma pneumoniae и Chlamydia pneumoniae) способен вызывать бронхиальную обструкцию и способствует формированию бронхиальной астмы. В статье представлены современные рекомендации по терапии респираторных инфекций с бронхообструктивным синдромом и у пациентов с бронхиальной астмой, а также результаты исследований по профилактике бронхиальной обструкции, связанной с респираторными инфекциями.
Ключевые слова: дети, респираторные инфекции, бронхиальная обструкция, бронхиальная астма.
Key words: children, respiratory infections, bronchial obstruction, bronchial asthma.
Ключевые слова: дети, респираторные инфекции, бронхиальная обструкция, бронхиальная астма.
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Key words: children, respiratory infections, bronchial obstruction, bronchial asthma.
Полный текст
Список литературы
1. Thomas AO, Lemanske RFJr, Jackson DJ. Infections and their role in childhood asthma inception. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2014; 25 (2): 122–8.
2. Jackson DJ, Gern JE, Lemanske RF. The contributions of allergic sensitization and respiratory pathogens to asthma inception. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2016; 137 (3): 659–65.
3. Krishnamoorthy N, Khare A, Oriss TB et al. Early infection with respiratory syncytial virus impairs regulatory T cell function and increases susceptibility to allergic asthma. Nat Med 2012; 18: 1525–30.
4. Stein RT, Sherrill D, Morgan WJ et al. Respiratory syncytial virus in early life and risk of wheeze and allergy by age 13 years. Lancet 1999; 354: 541–5.
5. Henderson J, Hilliard TN, Sherriff A et al. Hospitalization for RSV bronchiolitis before 12 months of age and subsequent asthma, atopy and wheeze: a longitudinal birth cohort study. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2005; 16: 386–92.
6. Sigurs N, Aljassim F, Kjellman B et al. Asthma and allergy patterns over 18 years after severe RSV bronchiolitis in the first year of life. Thorax 2010; 65: 1045–52.
7. Jackson DJ, Gangnon RE, Evans MD et al. Wheezing rhinovirus illnesses in early life predict asthma development in high-risk children. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2008; 178: 667–72.
8. Kotaniemi-Syrjanen A, Vainionpaa R, Reijonen TM et al. Rhinovirus-induced wheezing in infancy-the first sign of childhood asthma? J Allergy Clin Immunol 2003; 111: 66–71.
9. Van der Gugten AC, van der Zalm MM, Uiterwaal CS et al. Human rhinovirus and wheezing: short and long-term associations in children. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2013; 32: 827–33.
10. Jackson DJ, Gern JE, Lemanske RFJr. The contributions of allergic sensitization and respiratory pathogens to asthma inception. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2016; 137 (3): 659–65.
11. Jackson DJ. The role of rhinovirus infections in the development of early child- hood asthma. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2010; 10: 133–8.
12. Calışkan M, Bochkov YA, Kreiner-Müller E et al. Rhinovirus wheezing illness and genetic risk of childhood-onset asthma. N Engl J Med 2013; 368 (15): 1398–407.
13. Bonnelykke K, Sleiman P Nielsen K et al. A genome-wide association study identifies CDHR3 as a susceptibility locus for early childhood asthma with severe exacerbations. Nat Genet 2014; 46: 51–5.
14. Bochkov YA, Watters K, Ashraf S et al. Cadherin-related family member 3, a childhood asthma susceptibility gene product, mediates rhinovirus C binding and replication. Proc Natl Acad Sci. USA 2015; 112 (17): 5485–90.
15. Papadopoulos NG, Moustaki M, Tsolia M et al. Association of rhinovirus infection with increased disease severity in acute bronchiolitis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2002; 165: 1285–9.
16. Allander T, Jartti T, Gupta S et al. Human bocavirus and acute wheezing in children. Clinical infectious diseases: an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. 2007; 44: 904–10.
17. Garcia-Garcia ML, Calvo C, Casas I et al. Human metapneumovirus bronchiolitis in infancy is an important risk factor for asthma at age 5. Pediatr Pulmonol 2007; 42: 458–64.
18. Miller EK, Griffin MR, Edwards KM et al. Influenza burden for children with asthma. Pediatrics 2008; 121: 1–8.
19. Castro-Rodriguez JA. The Asthma Predictive Index: a very useful tool for predicting asthma in young children. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2010; 126 (2): 212–6.
20. Bezerra PG, Britto MC, Correia JB et al. Viral and atypical bacterial detection in acute respiratory infection in children under five years. PloS One 2011; 6: e18928.
21. Iramain R, De Jesús R, Spitters C et al. Chlamydia pneumoniae, and mycoplasma pneumoniae: Are they related to severe asthma in childhood? J Asthma 2016; 53 (6): 618–21.
22. Annagür A, Kendirli SG, Yilmaz M et al. Is there any relationship between asthma and asthma attack in children and atypical bacterial infections; Chlamydia pneumoniae, Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Helicobacter pylori. J Trop Pediatr 2007; 53 (5): 313–8.
23. Biscardi S, Lorrot M, Marc E et al. Mycoplasma pneumoniae and asthma in children. Clin Infect Dis 2004; 38 (10): 1341–6.
24. Esposito S, Blasi F, Arosio C et al. Importance of acute Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Chlamydia pneumoniae infections in children with wheezing. Eur Respir J 2000; 16 (6): 1142–6.
25. Zaitsu M. The development of asthma in wheezing infants with Chlamydia pneumoniae infection. J Asthma 2007; 44 (7): 565–8.
26. Bisgaard H, Hermansen MN, Buchvald F et al. Childhood asthma after bacterial colonization of the airway in neonates. N Engl J Med 2007; 357: 1487–95.
27. Ferguson AC, Whitelaw M, Brown H. Correlation of bronchial eosinophil and mast cell activation with bronchial hyperresponsiveness in children with asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1992; 90: 609–13.
28. De Schutter I, Dreesman A, Soetens O et al. In young children, persistent wheezing is associated with bronchial bacterial infection: a retrospective analysis. BMC pediatrics 2012; 12: 83.
29. Самсыгина Г.А. Острый бронхит у детей и его лечение. Consilium Medicum Педиатрия (Прил.). 2008; 2: 4–8. / Samsygina G.A. Ostryi bronkhit u detei i ego lechenie. Consilium Medicum. Pediatrics (Suppl.). 2008; 2: 4–8. [in Russian]
30. Сорока Н.Д. Острый бронхит у детей: состояние проблемы, актуальные пути решения. Педиатрия. Журнал им. Г.Н. Сперанского. 2013; 92 (6): 106–14. / Soroka N.D. Ostryi bronkhit u detei: sostoianie problemy, aktual'nye puti resheniia. Pediatriia. Zhurnal im. G.N. Speranskogo. 2013; 92 (6): 106–14. [in Russian]
31. Национальная программа «Бронхиальная астма у детей. Стратегия лечения и профилактика». 4-е изд. М., 2012. / Natsional'naia programma “Bronkhial'naia astma u detei. Strategiia lecheniia i profilaktika”. 4-e izd. M., 2012. [in Russian]
32. Simoes EA, Groothuis JR, Carbonell-Estrany X et al. Palivizumab prophylaxis, respiratory syncytial virus, and subsequent recurrent wheezing. J Pediatr 2007; 151: 34–42.
33. Blanken MO, Rovers MM, Molenaar JM et al. Respiratory syncytial virus and recurrent wheeze in healthy preterm infants. N Engl J Med 2013; 368: 1791–9.
34. Bacharier LB, Guilbert TW, Mauger DT et al. Early administration of azithromycin and prevention of severe lower respiratory tract illnesses in preschool children with a history of such illnesses: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA 2015; 314: 2034–44.
2. Jackson DJ, Gern JE, Lemanske RF. The contributions of allergic sensitization and respiratory pathogens to asthma inception. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2016; 137 (3): 659–65.
3. Krishnamoorthy N, Khare A, Oriss TB et al. Early infection with respiratory syncytial virus impairs regulatory T cell function and increases susceptibility to allergic asthma. Nat Med 2012; 18: 1525–30.
4. Stein RT, Sherrill D, Morgan WJ et al. Respiratory syncytial virus in early life and risk of wheeze and allergy by age 13 years. Lancet 1999; 354: 541–5.
5. Henderson J, Hilliard TN, Sherriff A et al. Hospitalization for RSV bronchiolitis before 12 months of age and subsequent asthma, atopy and wheeze: a longitudinal birth cohort study. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2005; 16: 386–92.
6. Sigurs N, Aljassim F, Kjellman B et al. Asthma and allergy patterns over 18 years after severe RSV bronchiolitis in the first year of life. Thorax 2010; 65: 1045–52.
7. Jackson DJ, Gangnon RE, Evans MD et al. Wheezing rhinovirus illnesses in early life predict asthma development in high-risk children. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2008; 178: 667–72.
8. Kotaniemi-Syrjanen A, Vainionpaa R, Reijonen TM et al. Rhinovirus-induced wheezing in infancy-the first sign of childhood asthma? J Allergy Clin Immunol 2003; 111: 66–71.
9. Van der Gugten AC, van der Zalm MM, Uiterwaal CS et al. Human rhinovirus and wheezing: short and long-term associations in children. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2013; 32: 827–33.
10. Jackson DJ, Gern JE, Lemanske RFJr. The contributions of allergic sensitization and respiratory pathogens to asthma inception. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2016; 137 (3): 659–65.
11. Jackson DJ. The role of rhinovirus infections in the development of early child- hood asthma. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2010; 10: 133–8.
12. Calışkan M, Bochkov YA, Kreiner-Müller E et al. Rhinovirus wheezing illness and genetic risk of childhood-onset asthma. N Engl J Med 2013; 368 (15): 1398–407.
13. Bonnelykke K, Sleiman P Nielsen K et al. A genome-wide association study identifies CDHR3 as a susceptibility locus for early childhood asthma with severe exacerbations. Nat Genet 2014; 46: 51–5.
14. Bochkov YA, Watters K, Ashraf S et al. Cadherin-related family member 3, a childhood asthma susceptibility gene product, mediates rhinovirus C binding and replication. Proc Natl Acad Sci. USA 2015; 112 (17): 5485–90.
15. Papadopoulos NG, Moustaki M, Tsolia M et al. Association of rhinovirus infection with increased disease severity in acute bronchiolitis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2002; 165: 1285–9.
16. Allander T, Jartti T, Gupta S et al. Human bocavirus and acute wheezing in children. Clinical infectious diseases: an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. 2007; 44: 904–10.
17. Garcia-Garcia ML, Calvo C, Casas I et al. Human metapneumovirus bronchiolitis in infancy is an important risk factor for asthma at age 5. Pediatr Pulmonol 2007; 42: 458–64.
18. Miller EK, Griffin MR, Edwards KM et al. Influenza burden for children with asthma. Pediatrics 2008; 121: 1–8.
19. Castro-Rodriguez JA. The Asthma Predictive Index: a very useful tool for predicting asthma in young children. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2010; 126 (2): 212–6.
20. Bezerra PG, Britto MC, Correia JB et al. Viral and atypical bacterial detection in acute respiratory infection in children under five years. PloS One 2011; 6: e18928.
21. Iramain R, De Jesús R, Spitters C et al. Chlamydia pneumoniae, and mycoplasma pneumoniae: Are they related to severe asthma in childhood? J Asthma 2016; 53 (6): 618–21.
22. Annagür A, Kendirli SG, Yilmaz M et al. Is there any relationship between asthma and asthma attack in children and atypical bacterial infections; Chlamydia pneumoniae, Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Helicobacter pylori. J Trop Pediatr 2007; 53 (5): 313–8.
23. Biscardi S, Lorrot M, Marc E et al. Mycoplasma pneumoniae and asthma in children. Clin Infect Dis 2004; 38 (10): 1341–6.
24. Esposito S, Blasi F, Arosio C et al. Importance of acute Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Chlamydia pneumoniae infections in children with wheezing. Eur Respir J 2000; 16 (6): 1142–6.
25. Zaitsu M. The development of asthma in wheezing infants with Chlamydia pneumoniae infection. J Asthma 2007; 44 (7): 565–8.
26. Bisgaard H, Hermansen MN, Buchvald F et al. Childhood asthma after bacterial colonization of the airway in neonates. N Engl J Med 2007; 357: 1487–95.
27. Ferguson AC, Whitelaw M, Brown H. Correlation of bronchial eosinophil and mast cell activation with bronchial hyperresponsiveness in children with asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1992; 90: 609–13.
28. De Schutter I, Dreesman A, Soetens O et al. In young children, persistent wheezing is associated with bronchial bacterial infection: a retrospective analysis. BMC pediatrics 2012; 12: 83.
29. Samsygina G.A. Ostryi bronkhit u detei i ego lechenie. Consilium Medicum. Pediatrics (Suppl.). 2008; 2: 4–8. [in Russian]
30. Soroka N.D. Ostryi bronkhit u detei: sostoianie problemy, aktual'nye puti resheniia. Pediatriia. Zhurnal im. G.N. Speranskogo. 2013; 92 (6): 106–14. [in Russian]
31. Natsional'naia programma “Bronkhial'naia astma u detei. Strategiia lecheniia i profilaktika”. 4-e izd. M., 2012. [in Russian]
32. Simoes EA, Groothuis JR, Carbonell-Estrany X et al. Palivizumab prophylaxis, respiratory syncytial virus, and subsequent recurrent wheezing. J Pediatr 2007; 151: 34–42.
33. Blanken MO, Rovers MM, Molenaar JM et al. Respiratory syncytial virus and recurrent wheeze in healthy preterm infants. N Engl J Med 2013; 368: 1791–9.
34. Bacharier LB, Guilbert TW, Mauger DT et al. Early administration of azithromycin and prevention of severe lower respiratory tract illnesses in preschool children with a history of such illnesses: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA 2015; 314: 2034–44.
2. Jackson DJ, Gern JE, Lemanske RF. The contributions of allergic sensitization and respiratory pathogens to asthma inception. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2016; 137 (3): 659–65.
3. Krishnamoorthy N, Khare A, Oriss TB et al. Early infection with respiratory syncytial virus impairs regulatory T cell function and increases susceptibility to allergic asthma. Nat Med 2012; 18: 1525–30.
4. Stein RT, Sherrill D, Morgan WJ et al. Respiratory syncytial virus in early life and risk of wheeze and allergy by age 13 years. Lancet 1999; 354: 541–5.
5. Henderson J, Hilliard TN, Sherriff A et al. Hospitalization for RSV bronchiolitis before 12 months of age and subsequent asthma, atopy and wheeze: a longitudinal birth cohort study. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2005; 16: 386–92.
6. Sigurs N, Aljassim F, Kjellman B et al. Asthma and allergy patterns over 18 years after severe RSV bronchiolitis in the first year of life. Thorax 2010; 65: 1045–52.
7. Jackson DJ, Gangnon RE, Evans MD et al. Wheezing rhinovirus illnesses in early life predict asthma development in high-risk children. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2008; 178: 667–72.
8. Kotaniemi-Syrjanen A, Vainionpaa R, Reijonen TM et al. Rhinovirus-induced wheezing in infancy-the first sign of childhood asthma? J Allergy Clin Immunol 2003; 111: 66–71.
9. Van der Gugten AC, van der Zalm MM, Uiterwaal CS et al. Human rhinovirus and wheezing: short and long-term associations in children. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2013; 32: 827–33.
10. Jackson DJ, Gern JE, Lemanske RFJr. The contributions of allergic sensitization and respiratory pathogens to asthma inception. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2016; 137 (3): 659–65.
11. Jackson DJ. The role of rhinovirus infections in the development of early child- hood asthma. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2010; 10: 133–8.
12. Calışkan M, Bochkov YA, Kreiner-Müller E et al. Rhinovirus wheezing illness and genetic risk of childhood-onset asthma. N Engl J Med 2013; 368 (15): 1398–407.
13. Bonnelykke K, Sleiman P Nielsen K et al. A genome-wide association study identifies CDHR3 as a susceptibility locus for early childhood asthma with severe exacerbations. Nat Genet 2014; 46: 51–5.
14. Bochkov YA, Watters K, Ashraf S et al. Cadherin-related family member 3, a childhood asthma susceptibility gene product, mediates rhinovirus C binding and replication. Proc Natl Acad Sci. USA 2015; 112 (17): 5485–90.
15. Papadopoulos NG, Moustaki M, Tsolia M et al. Association of rhinovirus infection with increased disease severity in acute bronchiolitis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2002; 165: 1285–9.
16. Allander T, Jartti T, Gupta S et al. Human bocavirus and acute wheezing in children. Clinical infectious diseases: an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. 2007; 44: 904–10.
17. Garcia-Garcia ML, Calvo C, Casas I et al. Human metapneumovirus bronchiolitis in infancy is an important risk factor for asthma at age 5. Pediatr Pulmonol 2007; 42: 458–64.
18. Miller EK, Griffin MR, Edwards KM et al. Influenza burden for children with asthma. Pediatrics 2008; 121: 1–8.
19. Castro-Rodriguez JA. The Asthma Predictive Index: a very useful tool for predicting asthma in young children. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2010; 126 (2): 212–6.
20. Bezerra PG, Britto MC, Correia JB et al. Viral and atypical bacterial detection in acute respiratory infection in children under five years. PloS One 2011; 6: e18928.
21. Iramain R, De Jesús R, Spitters C et al. Chlamydia pneumoniae, and mycoplasma pneumoniae: Are they related to severe asthma in childhood? J Asthma 2016; 53 (6): 618–21.
22. Annagür A, Kendirli SG, Yilmaz M et al. Is there any relationship between asthma and asthma attack in children and atypical bacterial infections; Chlamydia pneumoniae, Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Helicobacter pylori. J Trop Pediatr 2007; 53 (5): 313–8.
23. Biscardi S, Lorrot M, Marc E et al. Mycoplasma pneumoniae and asthma in children. Clin Infect Dis 2004; 38 (10): 1341–6.
24. Esposito S, Blasi F, Arosio C et al. Importance of acute Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Chlamydia pneumoniae infections in children with wheezing. Eur Respir J 2000; 16 (6): 1142–6.
25. Zaitsu M. The development of asthma in wheezing infants with Chlamydia pneumoniae infection. J Asthma 2007; 44 (7): 565–8.
26. Bisgaard H, Hermansen MN, Buchvald F et al. Childhood asthma after bacterial colonization of the airway in neonates. N Engl J Med 2007; 357: 1487–95.
27. Ferguson AC, Whitelaw M, Brown H. Correlation of bronchial eosinophil and mast cell activation with bronchial hyperresponsiveness in children with asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1992; 90: 609–13.
28. De Schutter I, Dreesman A, Soetens O et al. In young children, persistent wheezing is associated with bronchial bacterial infection: a retrospective analysis. BMC pediatrics 2012; 12: 83.
29. Самсыгина Г.А. Острый бронхит у детей и его лечение. Consilium Medicum Педиатрия (Прил.). 2008; 2: 4–8. / Samsygina G.A. Ostryi bronkhit u detei i ego lechenie. Consilium Medicum. Pediatrics (Suppl.). 2008; 2: 4–8. [in Russian]
30. Сорока Н.Д. Острый бронхит у детей: состояние проблемы, актуальные пути решения. Педиатрия. Журнал им. Г.Н. Сперанского. 2013; 92 (6): 106–14. / Soroka N.D. Ostryi bronkhit u detei: sostoianie problemy, aktual'nye puti resheniia. Pediatriia. Zhurnal im. G.N. Speranskogo. 2013; 92 (6): 106–14. [in Russian]
31. Национальная программа «Бронхиальная астма у детей. Стратегия лечения и профилактика». 4-е изд. М., 2012. / Natsional'naia programma “Bronkhial'naia astma u detei. Strategiia lecheniia i profilaktika”. 4-e izd. M., 2012. [in Russian]
32. Simoes EA, Groothuis JR, Carbonell-Estrany X et al. Palivizumab prophylaxis, respiratory syncytial virus, and subsequent recurrent wheezing. J Pediatr 2007; 151: 34–42.
33. Blanken MO, Rovers MM, Molenaar JM et al. Respiratory syncytial virus and recurrent wheeze in healthy preterm infants. N Engl J Med 2013; 368: 1791–9.
34. Bacharier LB, Guilbert TW, Mauger DT et al. Early administration of azithromycin and prevention of severe lower respiratory tract illnesses in preschool children with a history of such illnesses: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA 2015; 314: 2034–44.
________________________________________________
2. Jackson DJ, Gern JE, Lemanske RF. The contributions of allergic sensitization and respiratory pathogens to asthma inception. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2016; 137 (3): 659–65.
3. Krishnamoorthy N, Khare A, Oriss TB et al. Early infection with respiratory syncytial virus impairs regulatory T cell function and increases susceptibility to allergic asthma. Nat Med 2012; 18: 1525–30.
4. Stein RT, Sherrill D, Morgan WJ et al. Respiratory syncytial virus in early life and risk of wheeze and allergy by age 13 years. Lancet 1999; 354: 541–5.
5. Henderson J, Hilliard TN, Sherriff A et al. Hospitalization for RSV bronchiolitis before 12 months of age and subsequent asthma, atopy and wheeze: a longitudinal birth cohort study. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2005; 16: 386–92.
6. Sigurs N, Aljassim F, Kjellman B et al. Asthma and allergy patterns over 18 years after severe RSV bronchiolitis in the first year of life. Thorax 2010; 65: 1045–52.
7. Jackson DJ, Gangnon RE, Evans MD et al. Wheezing rhinovirus illnesses in early life predict asthma development in high-risk children. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2008; 178: 667–72.
8. Kotaniemi-Syrjanen A, Vainionpaa R, Reijonen TM et al. Rhinovirus-induced wheezing in infancy-the first sign of childhood asthma? J Allergy Clin Immunol 2003; 111: 66–71.
9. Van der Gugten AC, van der Zalm MM, Uiterwaal CS et al. Human rhinovirus and wheezing: short and long-term associations in children. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2013; 32: 827–33.
10. Jackson DJ, Gern JE, Lemanske RFJr. The contributions of allergic sensitization and respiratory pathogens to asthma inception. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2016; 137 (3): 659–65.
11. Jackson DJ. The role of rhinovirus infections in the development of early child- hood asthma. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2010; 10: 133–8.
12. Calışkan M, Bochkov YA, Kreiner-Müller E et al. Rhinovirus wheezing illness and genetic risk of childhood-onset asthma. N Engl J Med 2013; 368 (15): 1398–407.
13. Bonnelykke K, Sleiman P Nielsen K et al. A genome-wide association study identifies CDHR3 as a susceptibility locus for early childhood asthma with severe exacerbations. Nat Genet 2014; 46: 51–5.
14. Bochkov YA, Watters K, Ashraf S et al. Cadherin-related family member 3, a childhood asthma susceptibility gene product, mediates rhinovirus C binding and replication. Proc Natl Acad Sci. USA 2015; 112 (17): 5485–90.
15. Papadopoulos NG, Moustaki M, Tsolia M et al. Association of rhinovirus infection with increased disease severity in acute bronchiolitis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2002; 165: 1285–9.
16. Allander T, Jartti T, Gupta S et al. Human bocavirus and acute wheezing in children. Clinical infectious diseases: an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. 2007; 44: 904–10.
17. Garcia-Garcia ML, Calvo C, Casas I et al. Human metapneumovirus bronchiolitis in infancy is an important risk factor for asthma at age 5. Pediatr Pulmonol 2007; 42: 458–64.
18. Miller EK, Griffin MR, Edwards KM et al. Influenza burden for children with asthma. Pediatrics 2008; 121: 1–8.
19. Castro-Rodriguez JA. The Asthma Predictive Index: a very useful tool for predicting asthma in young children. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2010; 126 (2): 212–6.
20. Bezerra PG, Britto MC, Correia JB et al. Viral and atypical bacterial detection in acute respiratory infection in children under five years. PloS One 2011; 6: e18928.
21. Iramain R, De Jesús R, Spitters C et al. Chlamydia pneumoniae, and mycoplasma pneumoniae: Are they related to severe asthma in childhood? J Asthma 2016; 53 (6): 618–21.
22. Annagür A, Kendirli SG, Yilmaz M et al. Is there any relationship between asthma and asthma attack in children and atypical bacterial infections; Chlamydia pneumoniae, Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Helicobacter pylori. J Trop Pediatr 2007; 53 (5): 313–8.
23. Biscardi S, Lorrot M, Marc E et al. Mycoplasma pneumoniae and asthma in children. Clin Infect Dis 2004; 38 (10): 1341–6.
24. Esposito S, Blasi F, Arosio C et al. Importance of acute Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Chlamydia pneumoniae infections in children with wheezing. Eur Respir J 2000; 16 (6): 1142–6.
25. Zaitsu M. The development of asthma in wheezing infants with Chlamydia pneumoniae infection. J Asthma 2007; 44 (7): 565–8.
26. Bisgaard H, Hermansen MN, Buchvald F et al. Childhood asthma after bacterial colonization of the airway in neonates. N Engl J Med 2007; 357: 1487–95.
27. Ferguson AC, Whitelaw M, Brown H. Correlation of bronchial eosinophil and mast cell activation with bronchial hyperresponsiveness in children with asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1992; 90: 609–13.
28. De Schutter I, Dreesman A, Soetens O et al. In young children, persistent wheezing is associated with bronchial bacterial infection: a retrospective analysis. BMC pediatrics 2012; 12: 83.
29. Samsygina G.A. Ostryi bronkhit u detei i ego lechenie. Consilium Medicum. Pediatrics (Suppl.). 2008; 2: 4–8. [in Russian]
30. Soroka N.D. Ostryi bronkhit u detei: sostoianie problemy, aktual'nye puti resheniia. Pediatriia. Zhurnal im. G.N. Speranskogo. 2013; 92 (6): 106–14. [in Russian]
31. Natsional'naia programma “Bronkhial'naia astma u detei. Strategiia lecheniia i profilaktika”. 4-e izd. M., 2012. [in Russian]
32. Simoes EA, Groothuis JR, Carbonell-Estrany X et al. Palivizumab prophylaxis, respiratory syncytial virus, and subsequent recurrent wheezing. J Pediatr 2007; 151: 34–42.
33. Blanken MO, Rovers MM, Molenaar JM et al. Respiratory syncytial virus and recurrent wheeze in healthy preterm infants. N Engl J Med 2013; 368: 1791–9.
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Авторы
Н.А.Геппе*, И.А. Дронов
ФГБОУ ВО Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М.Сеченова Минздрава России. 119991, Россия, Москва, ул. Трубецкая, д. 8, стр. 2
*geppe@mma.ru
I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. 119991, Russian Federation, Moscow, ul. Trubetskaia, d. 8, str. 2
*Sklyuev.sergey@gmail.com
ФГБОУ ВО Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М.Сеченова Минздрава России. 119991, Россия, Москва, ул. Трубецкая, д. 8, стр. 2
*geppe@mma.ru
________________________________________________
I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. 119991, Russian Federation, Moscow, ul. Trubetskaia, d. 8, str. 2
*Sklyuev.sergey@gmail.com
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