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Диуретики в лечении артериальной гипертонии. Что нового?
Диуретики в лечении артериальной гипертонии. Что нового?
Барышникова Г.А., Чорбинская С.А. Диуретики в лечении артериальной гипертонии. Что нового? Consilium Medicum. 2017; 19 (1): 13–17.
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Аннотация
Представлены данные об антигипертензивной эффективности петлевого диуретика торасемида, возможностях его применения в виде монотерапии и в составе комбинированной терапии артериальной гипертонии. Приведены данные о механизмах антигипертензивного действия торасемида, включая уникальное антиальдостероновое действие. Сообщается об отсутствии негативного его влияния на углеводный, липидный, пуриновый виды обмена и электролитный баланс, положительном влиянии на состояние органов-мишеней, очень хорошей переносимости. Авторы приходят к выводу о возможности более широкого применения торасемида в «недиуретической» дозе (2,5–5 мг/сут) для лечения артериальной гипертонии как в виде монотерапии, так и в комбинации с другими антигипертензивными препаратами.
Ключевые слова: артериальная гипертония, диуретики, петлевые диуретики, торасемид, тригрим.
Ключевые слова: артериальная гипертония, диуретики, петлевые диуретики, торасемид, тригрим.
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Data on the antihypertensive efficacy of torasemide loop diuretic, its use as monotherapy and in the combination therapy of arterial hypertension are presented. Data on the mechanisms of antihypertensive action of torasemide are given, including unique antialdosterone action. It is reported that there is no negative effect on carbohydrate, lipid, purine metabolism and electrolyte balance, positive effect on the state of target organs, very good tolerability. The authors conclude that it is possible to use torasemide more widely in a "non-diuretic" dose (2.5–5 mg / day) for the treatment of arterial hypertension both in monotherapy and in combination with other antihypertensive drugs.
Key words: arterial hypertension, diuretics, loop diuretics, torasemide, Trigrim.
Key words: arterial hypertension, diuretics, loop diuretics, torasemide, Trigrim.
Полный текст
Список литературы
1. Диагностика и лечение артериальной гипертензии. Российские рекомендации. Четвертый пересмотр. Системные гипертензии. 2010; 3: 5–26. / Diagnostika i lechenie arterial'noi gipertenzii. Rossiiskie rekomendatsii. Chetvertyi peresmotr. Systemic Hypertension. 2010; 3: 5–26. [in Russian]
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3. 2014 Evidence-Based Guideline for the Management of High Blood Pressure in Adults Report From the Panel Members Appointed to the Eighth Joint National Committee (JNC 8). JAMA 2014; 311 (5): 507–20.
4. Handler J. Maximizing diuretic therapy in resistant hypertension. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 2007; 9 (10): 802–6.
5. SHEP Cooperative Research Group. Prevention of stroke by antihypertensive drug treatment in older persons with isolated systolic hypertension. Final results of the Systolic Hypertension in the Elderly Program (SHEP). JAMA 1991; 265: 3255–64.
6. Dahlof B. Sweedish trial in old patients with hypertension (STOP-Hypertension). Clm Exp Hypertens 1993; 15: 925–39.
7. Major outcomes in high-risk hypertensive patients randomized to angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or calcium channel blocker vs diuretic (The antihypertensive and lipid lowering treatment to prevent heart attack trial – ALLHAT). JAMA 2002; 288: 2981–97.
8. Wright JM, Musini VM. First-line drugs for hypertension. Cohrane Database Syst Rev 2009; 8 (3): CD001841.
9. Sever PS, Dahlof B, Poulter NR et al. For the ASCOT Investigators. Prevention of cardiovascular events with an antihypertensive regimen of amlodipine adding perindopril as required versus atenolol adding bendroflumethiazide as required, in the Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcomes Trial (ASCOT-BPLA): a multicentre randomized controlled trial. Lancet 2005; 366: 895–906.
10. Friedel H, Buckley M. Torasemide. A review of its pharmacological properties and therapeutic potential. Drugs 1991; 41 (1): 81–103.
11. Achhammer I, Metz P. Low dose loop diuretics in essential hypertension. Experience with torasemide. Drugs 1991; 41 (Suppl. 3): 80–91.
12. Baumgart P, Walger P, von Eiff M, Achhammer I. Long-term efficacy and tolerance of torasemide in hypertension. In: Progress in pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology. Gustav-Fischer-Verlag: Stuttgart 1990; 8: 169–81.
13. Baumgart P. Torasemide in comparison with thiazides in the treatment of hypertension. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 1993; 7 (Suppl. 1): 63–8.
14. Spannbrucker N, Achhammer I, Metz P, Glocke M. Comparative study on the hypertensive efficacy of torasemide and indapamide in patients with essential hypertension. Drug Res 1988; 38 (1): 190–3.
15. Reyes AJ, Chiesa PD, Santucci MR et al. Hydrochlorothiazide versus a nondiuretic dose of torasemide as once daily antihypertensive monopharmacotherapy in elderly patients; randomized and double-blind study. In: Progress in Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology. Gustav-Fischer-Verlag: Stuttgart 1990; 8: 183–209.
16. Achhammer I, Eberhard R. Comparison of serum potassium levels during long-term treatment of hypertension patients with 2.5 mg torasemide o.d. or 50 mg triamterene/25 mg hydrochlorothiazide o.d. In: Progress in Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology. Gustav-Fischer-Verlag: Stuttgart 1990; 8: 211–20.
17. Spannbrucker N, Achhammer I, Metz P, Glocke M. Comparative study on the hypertensive efficacy of torasemide and indapamide in patients with essential hypertension. Drug Res 1988; 38 (1): 190–3.
18. Knauf H, Mutschler E, Velazquez H et al. Torasemide significantly reduces thiazide-induced porassium and magnesium loss despite supraadditive natriuresis. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2009; 65: 465–72.
19. Liguori A, Casini A, Di Loreto M et al. Loop diuretics enhance the secretion of prostacyclin in vitro, in healthy persons, and in patients with chronic heart failure. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1999; 55: 117–24.
20. Spieker C, Zidek W, Häcker W et al. Assessment of intracellular sodium and calcium in essential hypertension during diuretic treatment. Arzneimittelforschung 1988; 38: 1188–90.
21. Goodfriend TL, Ball DL, Oelkers W, Bähr V. Torsemide inhibits aldosterone secretion in vitro. Life Sci 1998; 63 (3): 45–50.
22. Franse LV, Pahor M, Di Bari M et al. Hypokalemia associated with diuretic use and cardiovascular events in the Systolic Hypertension in the Elderly Program. Hypertension 2000; 35: 1025–30.
23. Harada K, Izawa H, Nishizawa T et al. Beneficial effects of torasemide on systolic wall stress and sympathetic nervous activity in asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic patients with heart failure: comparison with azosemide. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2009; 53 (6): 468–73.
24. Rossi GP, Bernini G, Caliumi C et al. A prospective study of the prevalence of primary aldosteronism in 1,125 hypertensive patients. J Am Coll Cardiol 2006; 48 (11): 2293–300.
25. Mosso L, Carvajal C, Gonzalez A et al. Primary aldosteronism and hypertensive disease. Hypertension 2003; 42: 161–5.
26. Schunkert H, Hense HW, Muscholl M et al. Associations between circulating components of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and left ventricular mass. Heart 1997; 77: 24–31.
27. Аверин Е.Е. Влияние торасемида на гипертрофию миокарда левого желудочка. Сердечная недостаточность. 2012; 13 (3): 158–61. / Averin E.E. Vliianie torasemida na gipertrofiiu miokarda levogo zheludochka. Serdechnaia nedostatochnost'. 2012; 13 (3): 158–61. [in Russian]
28. Lopez B, Querejeta R, Gonzales A et al. Effects of loop diuretics on myocardial fibrosis and collage type I turnover in chronic heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol 2004; 43 (11): 2028–35.
29. Massare J, Berry JM, Luo X et al. Diminished cardiac fibrosis in heart failure is associated with altered ventricular arrhythmia phenotype. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2010; 21 (9): 1031–7.
30. Lopez B, Querejeta R, Gonzales A et al. Effects of loop diuretics on myocardial fibrosis and collage type I turnover in chronic heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol 2004; 43 (11): 2028–35.
31. Ткачева О.Н., Шарашкина Н.В., Новикова И.М. и др. Применение петлевого диуретика торасемида в комбинированном лечении гипертонической болезни у женщин в период постменопаузы. Consilium Medicum. 2011; 13 (10): 54–9. / Tkacheva O.N., Sharashkina N.V., Novikova I.M. i dr. Primenenie petlevogo diuretika torasemida v kombinirovannom lechenii gipertonicheskoi bolezni u zhenshchin v period postmenopauzy. Consilium Medicum. 2011; 13 (10): 54–9. [in Russian]
32. Brown NJ. Aldosterone and end-organ damage. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens 2005; 14 (3): 235–41.
33. Born-Frontsberg E, Reincke M, Rump LC et al. Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular comorbidities of hypokalemic and normokalemic primary aldosteronism: results of the German Conn/'s Registry. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2009; 94 (4): 1125–30.
34. Свиряев Ю.В., Звартау Н.Э., Коростовцева Л.С. и др. Сравнительная оценка эффективности и безопасности Тригрима и Арифона Ретард у больных с арТериальной гипертонией в слепом рандомизированном исследовании в параллельных группах (исследование СТАРТ). Сердце. 2014; 13 (6): 389–95. / Sviriaev Iu.V., Zvartau N.E., Korostovtseva L.S. i dr. Sravnitel'naia otsenka effektivnosti i bezopasnosti Trigrima i Arifona Retard u bol'nykh s arTerial'noi gipertoniei v slepom randomizirovannom issledovanii v parallel'nykh gruppakh (issledovanie START). Serdtse. 2014; 13 (6): 389–95. [in Russian]
2. Mancia G, Fagard R et al. 2013 ESH/ESC Guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension: The Task Force for the management of arterial hypertension of the European Society of Hypertension (ESH) and of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). J Hypertens 2013; 31: 1281–357.
3. 2014 Evidence-Based Guideline for the Management of High Blood Pressure in Adults Report From the Panel Members Appointed to the Eighth Joint National Committee (JNC 8). JAMA 2014; 311 (5): 507–20.
4. Handler J. Maximizing diuretic therapy in resistant hypertension. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 2007; 9 (10): 802–6.
5. SHEP Cooperative Research Group. Prevention of stroke by antihypertensive drug treatment in older persons with isolated systolic hypertension. Final results of the Systolic Hypertension in the Elderly Program (SHEP). JAMA 1991; 265: 3255–64.
6. Dahlof B. Sweedish trial in old patients with hypertension (STOP-Hypertension). Clm Exp Hypertens 1993; 15: 925–39.
7. Major outcomes in high-risk hypertensive patients randomized to angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or calcium channel blocker vs diuretic (The antihypertensive and lipid lowering treatment to prevent heart attack trial – ALLHAT). JAMA 2002; 288: 2981–97.
8. Wright JM, Musini VM. First-line drugs for hypertension. Cohrane Database Syst Rev 2009; 8 (3): CD001841.
9. Sever PS, Dahlof B, Poulter NR et al. For the ASCOT Investigators. Prevention of cardiovascular events with an antihypertensive regimen of amlodipine adding perindopril as required versus atenolol adding bendroflumethiazide as required, in the Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcomes Trial (ASCOT-BPLA): a multicentre randomized controlled trial. Lancet 2005; 366: 895–906.
10. Friedel H, Buckley M. Torasemide. A review of its pharmacological properties and therapeutic potential. Drugs 1991; 41 (1): 81–103.
11. Achhammer I, Metz P. Low dose loop diuretics in essential hypertension. Experience with torasemide. Drugs 1991; 41 (Suppl. 3): 80–91.
12. Baumgart P, Walger P, von Eiff M, Achhammer I. Long-term efficacy and tolerance of torasemide in hypertension. In: Progress in pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology. Gustav-Fischer-Verlag: Stuttgart 1990; 8: 169–81.
13. Baumgart P. Torasemide in comparison with thiazides in the treatment of hypertension. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 1993; 7 (Suppl. 1): 63–8.
14. Spannbrucker N, Achhammer I, Metz P, Glocke M. Comparative study on the hypertensive efficacy of torasemide and indapamide in patients with essential hypertension. Drug Res 1988; 38 (1): 190–3.
15. Reyes AJ, Chiesa PD, Santucci MR et al. Hydrochlorothiazide versus a nondiuretic dose of torasemide as once daily antihypertensive monopharmacotherapy in elderly patients; randomized and double-blind study. In: Progress in Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology. Gustav-Fischer-Verlag: Stuttgart 1990; 8: 183–209.
16. Achhammer I, Eberhard R. Comparison of serum potassium levels during long-term treatment of hypertension patients with 2.5 mg torasemide o.d. or 50 mg triamterene/25 mg hydrochlorothiazide o.d. In: Progress in Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology. Gustav-Fischer-Verlag: Stuttgart 1990; 8: 211–20.
17. Spannbrucker N, Achhammer I, Metz P, Glocke M. Comparative study on the hypertensive efficacy of torasemide and indapamide in patients with essential hypertension. Drug Res 1988; 38 (1): 190–3.
18. Knauf H, Mutschler E, Velazquez H et al. Torasemide significantly reduces thiazide-induced porassium and magnesium loss despite supraadditive natriuresis. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2009; 65: 465–72.
19. Liguori A, Casini A, Di Loreto M et al. Loop diuretics enhance the secretion of prostacyclin in vitro, in healthy persons, and in patients with chronic heart failure. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1999; 55: 117–24.
20. Spieker C, Zidek W, Häcker W et al. Assessment of intracellular sodium and calcium in essential hypertension during diuretic treatment. Arzneimittelforschung 1988; 38: 1188–90.
21. Goodfriend TL, Ball DL, Oelkers W, Bähr V. Torsemide inhibits aldosterone secretion in vitro. Life Sci 1998; 63 (3): 45–50.
22. Franse LV, Pahor M, Di Bari M et al. Hypokalemia associated with diuretic use and cardiovascular events in the Systolic Hypertension in the Elderly Program. Hypertension 2000; 35: 1025–30.
23. Harada K, Izawa H, Nishizawa T et al. Beneficial effects of torasemide on systolic wall stress and sympathetic nervous activity in asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic patients with heart failure: comparison with azosemide. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2009; 53 (6): 468–73.
24. Rossi GP, Bernini G, Caliumi C et al. A prospective study of the prevalence of primary aldosteronism in 1,125 hypertensive patients. J Am Coll Cardiol 2006; 48 (11): 2293–300.
25. Mosso L, Carvajal C, Gonzalez A et al. Primary aldosteronism and hypertensive disease. Hypertension 2003; 42: 161–5.
26. Schunkert H, Hense HW, Muscholl M et al. Associations between circulating components of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and left ventricular mass. Heart 1997; 77: 24–31.
27. Averin E.E. Vliianie torasemida na gipertrofiiu miokarda levogo zheludochka. Serdechnaia nedostatochnost'. 2012; 13 (3): 158–61. [in Russian]
28. Lopez B, Querejeta R, Gonzales A et al. Effects of loop diuretics on myocardial fibrosis and collage type I turnover in chronic heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol 2004; 43 (11): 2028–35.
29. Massare J, Berry JM, Luo X et al. Diminished cardiac fibrosis in heart failure is associated with altered ventricular arrhythmia phenotype. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2010; 21 (9): 1031–7.
30. Lopez B, Querejeta R, Gonzales A et al. Effects of loop diuretics on myocardial fibrosis and collage type I turnover in chronic heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol 2004; 43 (11): 2028–35.
31. Tkacheva O.N., Sharashkina N.V., Novikova I.M. i dr. Primenenie petlevogo diuretika torasemida v kombinirovannom lechenii gipertonicheskoi bolezni u zhenshchin v period postmenopauzy. Consilium Medicum. 2011; 13 (10): 54–9. [in Russian]
32. Brown NJ. Aldosterone and end-organ damage. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens 2005; 14 (3): 235–41.
33. Born-Frontsberg E, Reincke M, Rump LC et al. Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular comorbidities of hypokalemic and normokalemic primary aldosteronism: results of the German Conn/'s Registry. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2009; 94 (4): 1125–30.
34. Sviriaev Iu.V., Zvartau N.E., Korostovtseva L.S. i dr. Sravnitel'naia otsenka effektivnosti i bezopasnosti Trigrima i Arifona Retard u bol'nykh s arTerial'noi gipertoniei v slepom randomizirovannom issledovanii v parallel'nykh gruppakh (issledovanie START). Serdtse. 2014; 13 (6): 389–95. [in Russian]
2. Mancia G, Fagard R et al. 2013 ESH/ESC Guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension: The Task Force for the management of arterial hypertension of the European Society of Hypertension (ESH) and of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). J Hypertens 2013; 31: 1281–357.
3. 2014 Evidence-Based Guideline for the Management of High Blood Pressure in Adults Report From the Panel Members Appointed to the Eighth Joint National Committee (JNC 8). JAMA 2014; 311 (5): 507–20.
4. Handler J. Maximizing diuretic therapy in resistant hypertension. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 2007; 9 (10): 802–6.
5. SHEP Cooperative Research Group. Prevention of stroke by antihypertensive drug treatment in older persons with isolated systolic hypertension. Final results of the Systolic Hypertension in the Elderly Program (SHEP). JAMA 1991; 265: 3255–64.
6. Dahlof B. Sweedish trial in old patients with hypertension (STOP-Hypertension). Clm Exp Hypertens 1993; 15: 925–39.
7. Major outcomes in high-risk hypertensive patients randomized to angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or calcium channel blocker vs diuretic (The antihypertensive and lipid lowering treatment to prevent heart attack trial – ALLHAT). JAMA 2002; 288: 2981–97.
8. Wright JM, Musini VM. First-line drugs for hypertension. Cohrane Database Syst Rev 2009; 8 (3): CD001841.
9. Sever PS, Dahlof B, Poulter NR et al. For the ASCOT Investigators. Prevention of cardiovascular events with an antihypertensive regimen of amlodipine adding perindopril as required versus atenolol adding bendroflumethiazide as required, in the Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcomes Trial (ASCOT-BPLA): a multicentre randomized controlled trial. Lancet 2005; 366: 895–906.
10. Friedel H, Buckley M. Torasemide. A review of its pharmacological properties and therapeutic potential. Drugs 1991; 41 (1): 81–103.
11. Achhammer I, Metz P. Low dose loop diuretics in essential hypertension. Experience with torasemide. Drugs 1991; 41 (Suppl. 3): 80–91.
12. Baumgart P, Walger P, von Eiff M, Achhammer I. Long-term efficacy and tolerance of torasemide in hypertension. In: Progress in pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology. Gustav-Fischer-Verlag: Stuttgart 1990; 8: 169–81.
13. Baumgart P. Torasemide in comparison with thiazides in the treatment of hypertension. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 1993; 7 (Suppl. 1): 63–8.
14. Spannbrucker N, Achhammer I, Metz P, Glocke M. Comparative study on the hypertensive efficacy of torasemide and indapamide in patients with essential hypertension. Drug Res 1988; 38 (1): 190–3.
15. Reyes AJ, Chiesa PD, Santucci MR et al. Hydrochlorothiazide versus a nondiuretic dose of torasemide as once daily antihypertensive monopharmacotherapy in elderly patients; randomized and double-blind study. In: Progress in Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology. Gustav-Fischer-Verlag: Stuttgart 1990; 8: 183–209.
16. Achhammer I, Eberhard R. Comparison of serum potassium levels during long-term treatment of hypertension patients with 2.5 mg torasemide o.d. or 50 mg triamterene/25 mg hydrochlorothiazide o.d. In: Progress in Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology. Gustav-Fischer-Verlag: Stuttgart 1990; 8: 211–20.
17. Spannbrucker N, Achhammer I, Metz P, Glocke M. Comparative study on the hypertensive efficacy of torasemide and indapamide in patients with essential hypertension. Drug Res 1988; 38 (1): 190–3.
18. Knauf H, Mutschler E, Velazquez H et al. Torasemide significantly reduces thiazide-induced porassium and magnesium loss despite supraadditive natriuresis. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2009; 65: 465–72.
19. Liguori A, Casini A, Di Loreto M et al. Loop diuretics enhance the secretion of prostacyclin in vitro, in healthy persons, and in patients with chronic heart failure. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1999; 55: 117–24.
20. Spieker C, Zidek W, Häcker W et al. Assessment of intracellular sodium and calcium in essential hypertension during diuretic treatment. Arzneimittelforschung 1988; 38: 1188–90.
21. Goodfriend TL, Ball DL, Oelkers W, Bähr V. Torsemide inhibits aldosterone secretion in vitro. Life Sci 1998; 63 (3): 45–50.
22. Franse LV, Pahor M, Di Bari M et al. Hypokalemia associated with diuretic use and cardiovascular events in the Systolic Hypertension in the Elderly Program. Hypertension 2000; 35: 1025–30.
23. Harada K, Izawa H, Nishizawa T et al. Beneficial effects of torasemide on systolic wall stress and sympathetic nervous activity in asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic patients with heart failure: comparison with azosemide. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2009; 53 (6): 468–73.
24. Rossi GP, Bernini G, Caliumi C et al. A prospective study of the prevalence of primary aldosteronism in 1,125 hypertensive patients. J Am Coll Cardiol 2006; 48 (11): 2293–300.
25. Mosso L, Carvajal C, Gonzalez A et al. Primary aldosteronism and hypertensive disease. Hypertension 2003; 42: 161–5.
26. Schunkert H, Hense HW, Muscholl M et al. Associations between circulating components of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and left ventricular mass. Heart 1997; 77: 24–31.
27. Аверин Е.Е. Влияние торасемида на гипертрофию миокарда левого желудочка. Сердечная недостаточность. 2012; 13 (3): 158–61. / Averin E.E. Vliianie torasemida na gipertrofiiu miokarda levogo zheludochka. Serdechnaia nedostatochnost'. 2012; 13 (3): 158–61. [in Russian]
28. Lopez B, Querejeta R, Gonzales A et al. Effects of loop diuretics on myocardial fibrosis and collage type I turnover in chronic heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol 2004; 43 (11): 2028–35.
29. Massare J, Berry JM, Luo X et al. Diminished cardiac fibrosis in heart failure is associated with altered ventricular arrhythmia phenotype. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2010; 21 (9): 1031–7.
30. Lopez B, Querejeta R, Gonzales A et al. Effects of loop diuretics on myocardial fibrosis and collage type I turnover in chronic heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol 2004; 43 (11): 2028–35.
31. Ткачева О.Н., Шарашкина Н.В., Новикова И.М. и др. Применение петлевого диуретика торасемида в комбинированном лечении гипертонической болезни у женщин в период постменопаузы. Consilium Medicum. 2011; 13 (10): 54–9. / Tkacheva O.N., Sharashkina N.V., Novikova I.M. i dr. Primenenie petlevogo diuretika torasemida v kombinirovannom lechenii gipertonicheskoi bolezni u zhenshchin v period postmenopauzy. Consilium Medicum. 2011; 13 (10): 54–9. [in Russian]
32. Brown NJ. Aldosterone and end-organ damage. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens 2005; 14 (3): 235–41.
33. Born-Frontsberg E, Reincke M, Rump LC et al. Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular comorbidities of hypokalemic and normokalemic primary aldosteronism: results of the German Conn/'s Registry. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2009; 94 (4): 1125–30.
34. Свиряев Ю.В., Звартау Н.Э., Коростовцева Л.С. и др. Сравнительная оценка эффективности и безопасности Тригрима и Арифона Ретард у больных с арТериальной гипертонией в слепом рандомизированном исследовании в параллельных группах (исследование СТАРТ). Сердце. 2014; 13 (6): 389–95. / Sviriaev Iu.V., Zvartau N.E., Korostovtseva L.S. i dr. Sravnitel'naia otsenka effektivnosti i bezopasnosti Trigrima i Arifona Retard u bol'nykh s arTerial'noi gipertoniei v slepom randomizirovannom issledovanii v parallel'nykh gruppakh (issledovanie START). Serdtse. 2014; 13 (6): 389–95. [in Russian]
________________________________________________
2. Mancia G, Fagard R et al. 2013 ESH/ESC Guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension: The Task Force for the management of arterial hypertension of the European Society of Hypertension (ESH) and of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). J Hypertens 2013; 31: 1281–357.
3. 2014 Evidence-Based Guideline for the Management of High Blood Pressure in Adults Report From the Panel Members Appointed to the Eighth Joint National Committee (JNC 8). JAMA 2014; 311 (5): 507–20.
4. Handler J. Maximizing diuretic therapy in resistant hypertension. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 2007; 9 (10): 802–6.
5. SHEP Cooperative Research Group. Prevention of stroke by antihypertensive drug treatment in older persons with isolated systolic hypertension. Final results of the Systolic Hypertension in the Elderly Program (SHEP). JAMA 1991; 265: 3255–64.
6. Dahlof B. Sweedish trial in old patients with hypertension (STOP-Hypertension). Clm Exp Hypertens 1993; 15: 925–39.
7. Major outcomes in high-risk hypertensive patients randomized to angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or calcium channel blocker vs diuretic (The antihypertensive and lipid lowering treatment to prevent heart attack trial – ALLHAT). JAMA 2002; 288: 2981–97.
8. Wright JM, Musini VM. First-line drugs for hypertension. Cohrane Database Syst Rev 2009; 8 (3): CD001841.
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Авторы
Г.А.Барышникова*, С.А.Чорбинская
ФГБУ ДПО «Центральная государственная медицинская академия» Управления делами президента РФ. 121359, Россия, Москва, ул. Маршала Тимошенко, д. 21
*bargalan@mail.ru
ФГБУ ДПО «Центральная государственная медицинская академия» Управления делами президента РФ. 121359, Россия, Москва, ул. Маршала Тимошенко, д. 21
*bargalan@mail.ru
________________________________________________
G.A.Baryshnikova*, S.A.Chorbinskaia
Central State Medical Academy of department of Presidential affairs. 121359, Russian Federation, Moscow, ul. Timoshenko, d. 21
*bargalan@mail.ru
Central State Medical Academy of department of Presidential affairs. 121359, Russian Federation, Moscow, ul. Timoshenko, d. 21
*bargalan@mail.ru
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