1. Guichard JL, Clark D3rd, Calhoun DA, Ahmed MI. Aldosterone receptor antagonists: current perspectives and therapies. Vasc Health Risk Manag 2013; 9: 321–31.
2. Funder JW. Minireview: aldosterone and mineralocorticoid receptors: past, present, and future. Endocrinol 2010; 151 (11): 5098–02.
3. McMachon E. Recent studies with eplerenone, a novel selective aldosterone receptor antagonist. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2001; 1 (2): 190–6.
4. Silvestre J-S, Heymes C, Oubenaissa A et al. Activation of cardiac aldosterone production in rat myocardial infarction: effect of angiotensin II receptor blockade and role in cardiac fibrosis. Circulation 1999; 99 (20): 2694–701.
5. Helman SI, Liu X, Baldwin K et al. Time-dependent stimulation by aldosterone of blocker-sensitive ENaCs in A6 epithelia. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 1998; 274 (4): C947–C957.
6. Booth E, Johnson JP, Stockand JD. Aldosterone. Adv Physiol Educ 2002; 26 (1–4): 8–20.
7. Blacher J, Amah G, Girerd X et al. Association between increased plasma levels of aldosterone and decreased systemic arterial compliance in subjects with essential hypertension. Am J Hypertens 1997; 10 (12): 1326–334.
8. Brown NJ, Agirbasli MA, Williams GH et al. Effect of activation and inhibition of the renin-angiotensin system on plasma PAI-1. Hypertension 1998; 32 (6): 965–71.
9. Brown NJ, Nakamura S, Ma L et al. Aldosterone modulates plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 and glomerulosclerosis in vivo. Kidney Int 2000; 58 (3): 1219–27.
10. Schunkert H, Hense HW, Muscholl M et al. Association between circulating components of the rennin-angiotensine-aldosterone system and left ventricular mass. Br Heart J 1997; 77 (1): 24–31.
11. McMachon E. Recent studies with eplerenone, a novel selective aldosterone receptor antagonist. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2001; 1 (2): 190–6.
12. Верткин А.Л., Абдуллаева А.У., Шевцова В.А. Новый друг лучше старых двух. Возможности применения эплеренона в терапии хронической сердечной недостаточности. Амбулаторный прием. 2016; 2 (2): 14–23. / Vertkin A.L., Abdullaeva A.U., Shevtsova V.A. Novyi drug luchshe starykh dvukh. Vozmozhnosti primeneniia eplerenona v terapii khronicheskoi serdechnoi nedostatochnosti. Ambulatornyi priem. 2016; 2 (2): 14–23. [in Russian]
13. Connell J. Aldosterone – the future challenge in cardiovascular disease? Br J Diabetes Vasc Dis 2004; 4 (6): 370–6.
14. Duprez D, De Buyzere M, Rietzschel ER et al. Aldosterone and vascular damage. Curr Hypertens Rep 2000; 2 (3): 327–34.
15. Mano A, Tatsumi T, Shiraishi J et al. Aldosterone directly induces myocyte apoptosis through calcineurin-dependent pathways. Circulation 2004; 110 (3): 317–23.
16. Rocha R, Stier CTJr, Kifor I et al. Aldosterone: a mediator of myocardial necrosis and renal arteriopathy. Endocrinology 2000; 141 (10): 3871–8.
17. Rude MK, Duhaney TAS, Kuster G et al. Aldosterone stimulates matrix metalloproteinases and reactive oxygen species in adult rat ventricular cardiomyocytes. Hypertention 2005; 46 (3): 555–61.
18. Сытник Н.В., Кокорин В.А., Люсов В.А. и др. Активность РААС и САС у больных в отдаленные сроки после первичного инфаркта миокарда. Рос. кардиол. журн. 2009; 4: 17–22. / Sytnik N.V., Kokorin V.A., Liusov V.A. i dr. Aktivnost' RAAS i SAS u bol'nykh v otdalennye sroki posle pervichnogo infarkta miokarda. Ros. kardiol. zhurn. 2009; 4: 17–22. [in Russian]
19. Эрлих А.Д., Грацианский Н.А. Регистр острых коронарных синдромов РЕКОРД. Характеристика больных и лечение до выписки из стационара. Кардиология. 2009; 7–8: 4–12. / Erlikh A.D., Gratsianskii N.A. Registr ostrykh koronarnykh sindromov REKORD. Kharakteristika bol'nykh i lechenie do vypiski iz statsionara. Kardiologiia. 2009; 7–8: 4–12. [in Russian]
20. De Gasparo M, Joss U, Ramjoue HP et al. Three new epoxy-spironolactone derivates: characterization in vivo and in vitro. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1987; 240 (2): 650–6.
21. Delyani J, Myles K, Funder J. Eplerenone (SC 66110), a highly selective aldosteron antagonist.  Am J Hypertens 1998; 11: 94A
22. Juurlink DN, Mamdani MM, Lee DS et al. Rates of hyperkalemia after publication of the Randomized Aldactone Evaluation Study. N Engl J Med 2004; 351 (6): 543–551.
23. Witham MD, Gillespie ND, Struthers AD. Hyperkalemia after the publication of RALES. N Engl J Med 2004; 351 (23): 2448–50.
24. Zannad F, Gattis Stough W, Rossignol P et al. Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists for heart failure with reduced ejection fraction: integrating evidence into clinical practice. Eur Heart J 2012; 33 (22): 2782–95.
25. Pitt B, Zannad F, Remme WJ et al. The effect of spironolactone on morbidity and mortality in patients with severe heart failure. Randomized Aldactone Evaluation Study Investigators. N Engl J Med 1999; 341 (10): 709–17.
26. Беленков Ю.Н., Мареев В.Ю., Агеев Ф.Т. Хроническая сердечная недостаточность. Избранные лекции по кардиологии. М.: ГЭОТАР-Медиа, 2006. / Belenkov Iu.N., Mareev V.Iu., Ageev F.T. Khronicheskaia serdechnaia nedostatochnost'. Izbrannye lektsii po kardiologii. M.: GEOTAR-Media, 2006. [in Russian]
27. Juurlink DN, Mamdani MM, Lee DS et al. Rates of hyperkalemia after publication of the Randomized Aldactone Evaluation Study. N Engl J Med 2004; 351 (6): 543–51.
28. Zannad F, McMurray JJ, Krum H et al. Eplerenone in patients with systolic heart failure and mild symptoms. N Engl J Med 2011; 364 (1): 11–21.
29. Pitt B, Remme W, Zannad F et al. Eplerenone, a selective aldosterone blocker, in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 2003; 348 (14): 1309–21.
30. Adamopoulos C, Ahmed A, Fay R et al. Timing of eplerenone initiation and outcomes in patients with heart failure after acute myocardial infarction complicated by left ventricular systolic dysfunction: insights from the EPHESUS trial. Eur J Heart Failure 2009; 11 (11): 1099–105.
31. Pitt B, White H, Nicolau J et al. Eplerenone reduces mortality 30 days after randomization following acute myocardial infarction in patients with left ventricular systolic dysfunction and heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol 2005; 46 (3): 425–31.
32. Денисова А.Г., Татарченко И.П., Позднякова Н.В. Структурно-геометрические показатели левого желудочка в оценке электрического ремоделирования сердца при сахарном диабете. Доктор.Ру. 2016; 11 (128): 36–41. / Denisova A.G., Tatarchenko I.P., Pozdniakova N.V. Strukturno-geometricheskie pokazateli levogo zheludochka v otsenke elektricheskogo remodelirovaniia serdtsa pri sakharnom diabete. Doktor.Ru. 2016; 11 (128): 36–41. [in Russian]
33. Ryden L, Grant PJ, Anker SD, Berne C et al. ESC guidelines on diabetes, pre-diabetes, and cadcular disease developed in collaboration with the EASD: the task force on diabetes, pre-diabetes, and cardiovascular disease of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and collaboration with the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD). Eur Heart J 2013; 34 (39): 3035–87.
34. Davies JI, Band M, Morris A, Struthers AD. Spironolactone impairs endothelial function and heart rate variability in patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetologia 2004; 47 (10): 1687–94.
35. Yamaji M, Tsutamoto T, Kawahara C et al. Effect of eplerenone versus spironolactone on cortisol and hemoglobin A(1) (c) levels in patients with chronic heart failure. Am Heart J 2010; 160 (5): 915–21.
36. Joffe HV, Kwong RY, Gerhard-Herman MD et al. Beneficial effects of eplerenone versus hydrochlorothiazide on coronary circulatory function in patients with diabetes mellitus. J Clin Endocrinol Metabol 2007; 92 (7): 2552–8.
37. Iqbal J, Parviz Y, Pitt B et al. Selection of a mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist for patients with hypertension or heart failure. Eur J Heart Failure 2014; 16 (2): 143–50.

________________________________________________

1. Guichard JL, Clark D3rd, Calhoun DA, Ahmed MI. Aldosterone receptor antagonists: current perspectives and therapies. Vasc Health Risk Manag 2013; 9: 321–31.
2. Funder JW. Minireview: aldosterone and mineralocorticoid receptors: past, present, and future. Endocrinol 2010; 151 (11): 5098–02.
3. McMachon E. Recent studies with eplerenone, a novel selective aldosterone receptor antagonist. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2001; 1 (2): 190–6.
4. Silvestre J-S, Heymes C, Oubenaissa A et al. Activation of cardiac aldosterone production in rat myocardial infarction: effect of angiotensin II receptor blockade and role in cardiac fibrosis. Circulation 1999; 99 (20): 2694–701.
5. Helman SI, Liu X, Baldwin K et al. Time-dependent stimulation by aldosterone of blocker-sensitive ENaCs in A6 epithelia. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 1998; 274 (4): C947–C957.
6. Booth E, Johnson JP, Stockand JD. Aldosterone. Adv Physiol Educ 2002; 26 (1–4): 8–20.
7. Blacher J, Amah G, Girerd X et al. Association between increased plasma levels of aldosterone and decreased systemic arterial compliance in subjects with essential hypertension. Am J Hypertens 1997; 10 (12): 1326–334.
8. Brown NJ, Agirbasli MA, Williams GH et al. Effect of activation and inhibition of the renin-angiotensin system on plasma PAI-1. Hypertension 1998; 32 (6): 965–71.
9. Brown NJ, Nakamura S, Ma L et al. Aldosterone modulates plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 and glomerulosclerosis in vivo. Kidney Int 2000; 58 (3): 1219–27.
10. Schunkert H, Hense HW, Muscholl M et al. Association between circulating components of the rennin-angiotensine-aldosterone system and left ventricular mass. Br Heart J 1997; 77 (1): 24–31.
11. McMachon E. Recent studies with eplerenone, a novel selective aldosterone receptor antagonist. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2001; 1 (2): 190–6.
12. Vertkin A.L., Abdullaeva A.U., Shevtsova V.A. Novyi drug luchshe starykh dvukh. Vozmozhnosti primeneniia eplerenona v terapii khronicheskoi serdechnoi nedostatochnosti. Ambulatornyi priem. 2016; 2 (2): 14–23. [in Russian]
13. Connell J. Aldosterone – the future challenge in cardiovascular disease? Br J Diabetes Vasc Dis 2004; 4 (6): 370–6.
14. Duprez D, De Buyzere M, Rietzschel ER et al. Aldosterone and vascular damage. Curr Hypertens Rep 2000; 2 (3): 327–34.
15. Mano A, Tatsumi T, Shiraishi J et al. Aldosterone directly induces myocyte apoptosis through calcineurin-dependent pathways. Circulation 2004; 110 (3): 317–23.
16. Rocha R, Stier CTJr, Kifor I et al. Aldosterone: a mediator of myocardial necrosis and renal arteriopathy. Endocrinology 2000; 141 (10): 3871–8.
17. Rude MK, Duhaney TAS, Kuster G et al. Aldosterone stimulates matrix metalloproteinases and reactive oxygen species in adult rat ventricular cardiomyocytes. Hypertention 2005; 46 (3): 555–61.
18. Sytnik N.V., Kokorin V.A., Liusov V.A. i dr. Aktivnost' RAAS i SAS u bol'nykh v otdalennye sroki posle pervichnogo infarkta miokarda. Ros. kardiol. zhurn. 2009; 4: 17–22. [in Russian]
19. Erlikh A.D., Gratsianskii N.A. Registr ostrykh koronarnykh sindromov REKORD. Kharakteristika bol'nykh i lechenie do vypiski iz statsionara. Kardiologiia. 2009; 7–8: 4–12. [in Russian]
20. De Gasparo M, Joss U, Ramjoue HP et al. Three new epoxy-spironolactone derivates: characterization in vivo and in vitro. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1987; 240 (2): 650–6.
21. Delyani J, Myles K, Funder J. Eplerenone (SC 66110), a highly selective aldosteron antagonist.  Am J Hypertens 1998; 11: 94A
22. Juurlink DN, Mamdani MM, Lee DS et al. Rates of hyperkalemia after publication of the Randomized Aldactone Evaluation Study. N Engl J Med 2004; 351 (6): 543–551.
23. Witham MD, Gillespie ND, Struthers AD. Hyperkalemia after the publication of RALES. N Engl J Med 2004; 351 (23): 2448–50.
24. Zannad F, Gattis Stough W, Rossignol P et al. Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists for heart failure with reduced ejection fraction: integrating evidence into clinical practice. Eur Heart J 2012; 33 (22): 2782–95.
25. Pitt B, Zannad F, Remme WJ et al. The effect of spironolactone on morbidity and mortality in patients with severe heart failure. Randomized Aldactone Evaluation Study Investigators. N Engl J Med 1999; 341 (10): 709–17.
26. Belenkov Iu.N., Mareev V.Iu., Ageev F.T. Khronicheskaia serdechnaia nedostatochnost'. Izbrannye lektsii po kardiologii. M.: GEOTAR-Media, 2006. [in Russian]
27. Juurlink DN, Mamdani MM, Lee DS et al. Rates of hyperkalemia after publication of the Randomized Aldactone Evaluation Study. N Engl J Med 2004; 351 (6): 543–51.
28. Zannad F, McMurray JJ, Krum H et al. Eplerenone in patients with systolic heart failure and mild symptoms. N Engl J Med 2011; 364 (1): 11–21.
29. Pitt B, Remme W, Zannad F et al. Eplerenone, a selective aldosterone blocker, in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 2003; 348 (14): 1309–21.
30. Adamopoulos C, Ahmed A, Fay R et al. Timing of eplerenone initiation and outcomes in patients with heart failure after acute myocardial infarction complicated by left ventricular systolic dysfunction: insights from the EPHESUS trial. Eur J Heart Failure 2009; 11 (11): 1099–105.
31. Pitt B, White H, Nicolau J et al. Eplerenone reduces mortality 30 days after randomization following acute myocardial infarction in patients with left ventricular systolic dysfunction and heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol 2005; 46 (3): 425–31.
32. Denisova A.G., Tatarchenko I.P., Pozdniakova N.V. Strukturno-geometricheskie pokazateli levogo zheludochka v otsenke elektricheskogo remodelirovaniia serdtsa pri sakharnom diabete. Doktor.Ru. 2016; 11 (128): 36–41. [in Russian]
33. Ryden L, Grant PJ, Anker SD, Berne C et al. ESC guidelines on diabetes, pre-diabetes, and cadcular disease developed in collaboration with the EASD: the task force on diabetes, pre-diabetes, and cardiovascular disease of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and collaboration with the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD). Eur Heart J 2013; 34 (39): 3035–87.
34. Davies JI, Band M, Morris A, Struthers AD. Spironolactone impairs endothelial function and heart rate variability in patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetologia 2004; 47 (10): 1687–94.
35. Yamaji M, Tsutamoto T, Kawahara C et al. Effect of eplerenone versus spironolactone on cortisol and hemoglobin A(1) (c) levels in patients with chronic heart failure. Am Heart J 2010; 160 (5): 915–21.
36. Joffe HV, Kwong RY, Gerhard-Herman MD et al. Beneficial effects of eplerenone versus hydrochlorothiazide on coronary circulatory function in patients with diabetes mellitus. J Clin Endocrinol Metabol 2007; 92 (7): 2552–8.
37. Iqbal J, Parviz Y, Pitt B et al. Selection of a mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist for patients with hypertension or heart failure. Eur J Heart Failure 2014; 16 (2): 143–50.

А.Л.Верткин*, А.У.Абдуллаева, Г.Ю.Кнорринг

ФГБОУ ВО «Московский государственный медико-стоматологический университет им. А.И.Евдокимова» Минздрава России. 127473, Россия, Москва, ул. Делегатская, д. 20, стр. 1
*kafedrakf@mail.ru

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