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Пациент с диабетической полиневропатией на амбулаторном приеме
Пациент с диабетической полиневропатией на амбулаторном приеме
Захаров В.В., Сосина В.Б. Пациент с диабетической полиневропатией на амбулаторном приеме. Consilium Medicum. 2017; 19 (2.2. Неврология и Ревматология): 45–51.
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Аннотация
Сахарный диабет приводит к разнообразным заболеваниям периферической нервной системы, самым распространенным из которых является хроническая, преимущественно сенсорная симметричная дистальная полиневропатия. Она развивается у 30–50% пациентов и существенно снижает качество жизни из-за хронической невропатической боли, других неприятных сенсорных ощущений и автономной недостаточности. Адекватный метаболический контроль снижает вероятность развития невропатии, особенно при сахарном диабете типа 1. Патогенетическая антиоксидантная терапия препаратами a-липоевой кислоты приводит к достоверному регрессу выраженности неврологических симптомов. С целью симптоматического лечения невропатической боли используются антидепрессанты и антиконвульсанты.
Ключевые слова: диабетическая полиневропатия, сахарный диабет, α-липоевая кислота.
Key words: diabetic neuropathy, diabetes mellitus, α-lipoic acid.
Ключевые слова: диабетическая полиневропатия, сахарный диабет, α-липоевая кислота.
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Key words: diabetic neuropathy, diabetes mellitus, α-lipoic acid.
Полный текст
Список литературы
1. Callagyan BC, Cheng H, Stables C et al. Diabetic neuropathy: clinical manifestation and current treatment. Lancet Neurology 2012; 11 (6): 521–34.
2. Dyck PJ, Karnes JL, O’Brien PC. The Rochester Diabetic Neuropathy Study: reassessment of tests and criteria for diagnosis and staged severity. Neurology 1992; 42: 1164–70.
3. Dyck PJ, Litchy WJ, Lehman NA et al. Variables influences neuropathic endpoints. The Rochester Diabetic Neuropathy Study of Healthy Subjects. Neurology 1995; 45: 1115–21.
4. Zilliox L, Russell JW. Treatment of diabetic sensory polyneuropathy. Curr Treat Options Neurol 2011; 13 (2): 143–59.
5. Edwards JL, Vincent AM, Cheng HT, Feldman EL. Diabetic neuropathy: mechanisms to management. Pharmacol Ther 2008; 120: 1–34.
6. Burns T, Mauermann M. The evaluation of poluneuropathies. Neurology 2011; 76: 6–13.
7. Котов С.В., Калинин А.П., Рудакова И.Г. Диабетическая нейропатия. М.: Медицина, 2000; с. 439. / Kotov S.V., Kalinin A.P., Rudakova I.G. Diabeticheskaia neiropatiia. M.: Meditsina, 2000; s. 439. [in Russian]
8. Tesfaye S, Vileikyte L, Rayman G et al. Painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy: consensus recommendations on diagnosis, assessment and management. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2011; 27 (7): 629–38.
9. Deli G, Bosnyak E et al. Diabetic Neuropathies: Diagnosis and management. Euroendocrinology 2013; 98: 267–80.
10. Строков И.А. Диабетическая нейропатия. В кн.: Сахарный диабет 2 типа. Под ред. А.С.Аметова. М.: ГЭОТАР-Медиа, 2013: 597–620. / Strokov I.A. Diabeticheskaia neiropatiia. V kn.: Sakharnyi diabet 2 tipa. Pod red. A.S.Ametova. M.: GEOTAR-Media, 2013: 597–620. [in Russian]
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12. Строков И.А. Болевая форма диабетической полиневропатии. Фарматека. 2012; 7: 75–80. / Strokov I.A. Bolevaia forma diabeticheskoi polinevropatii. Farmateka. 2012; 7: 75–80. [in Russian]
13. Баринов А.Н. Неврологические осложнения сахарного диабета. Эффективная фармакотерапия. 2012; 28–35. / Barinov A.N. Nevrologicheskie oslozhneniia sakharnogo diabeta. Effektivnaia farmakoterapiia. 2012; 28–35. [in Russian]
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16. Левин О.С. Принципы диагностики и лечения диабетической полиневропатии. Эффективная фармакотерапия. Неврология и психиатрия. 2011; 2: 52–60. / Levin O.S. Printsipy diagnostiki i lecheniia diabeticheskoi polinevropatii. Effektivnaia farmakoterapiia. Nevrologiia i psikhiatriia. 2011; 2: 52–60. [in Russian]
17. Malik RA, Tesfaye S, Thompson SD et al. Endoneuriallocalisation of microvascular damage in human diabetic neuropathy. Diabetologia 1993; 36 (5): 454–9.
18. Beulens JW, Hart HE, Kuijs R et al. Influence of duration and dose of metformin on cobalamin deficiency in type 2 diabetes patients using metformin. Acta Diabetol 2015; 52 (1): 47–53.
19. Gibbons CH, Freeman R. Treatment-induced diabetic neuropathy: a reversible painful autonomic neuropathy. Ann Neurol 2010; 67 (4): 534–41.
20. Ellenberg M. Diabetic neuropathic cachexia. Diabetes 1974; 23 (5): 418–23.
21. Tesfaye S, Malik R, Harris N et al. Arterio-venous shunting and proliferating new vessels in acute painful neuropathy of rapid glycaemic control (insulin neuritis). Diabetologia 1996; 39 (3): 329–35.
22. Gianni C, Dyck PJ. Pathologic alterations in human diabetic polyneuropathy. Diabetic neuropathy. Ed. by P.J.Dyck, P.K.Thomas. 2nd ed. Phyladelphia: Saun-ders W.B., 1999; p. 279–95.
23. Singh R, Kishore L, Kaur N. Diabetic peripheral neuropathy: current perspective and future directions. Pharmacol Res 2014; 80: 21–35.
24. Строков И.А., Строков К.И., Албекова Ж.С. Взгляд невролога и эндокринолога на вопросы лечения диабетической полиневропатии. Эффективная фармакотерапия. Журн. неврологии и психиатрии. 2011; 4: 4–13. / Strokov I.A., Strokov K.I., Albekova Zh.S. Vzgliad nevrologa i endokrinologa na voprosy lecheniia diabeticheskoi polinevropatii. Effektivnaia farmakoterapiia. Zhurn. nevrologii i psikhiatrii. 2011; 4: 4–13. [in Russian]
25. Аметов А.C., Строков И.А., Самигуллин Р. Антиоксидантная терапия диабетической полиневропатии. РМЖ. 2005; 13 (6): 339–43. / Ametov A.C., Strokov I.A., Samigullin R. Antioksidantnaia terapiia diabeticheskoi polinevropatii. RMZh. 2005; 13 (6): 339–43. [in Russian]
26. Балаболкин М.И., Креминская В.М., Клебанова Е.М. Роль окислительного стресса в патогенезе диабетической нейропатии и возможность его коррекции препаратами a-липоевой кислоты. Проблемы эндокринологии. 2005; 51 (3): 22–32. / Balabolkin M.I., Kreminskaia V.M., Klebanova E.M. Rol' okislitel'nogo stressa v patogeneze diabeticheskoi neiropatii i vozmozhnost' ego korrektsii preparatami a-lipoevoi kisloty. Problemy endokrinologii. 2005; 51 (3): 22–32. [in Russian]
27. Ziegler D, Hanefeld M, Ruhnau KJ et al. Treatment of symptomatic diabetic peripheral neuropathy with the antioxidant a-lipoic acid. A 3-week multicentre randomized controlled trial (ALADIN Study). Diabetologia 1995; 38: 1425–33.
28. Reljanovic M, Reichel G, Rett K et al. Treatment of diabetic polyneuropathy with the antioxidant thioctic acid (alpha-lipoic acid): a two year randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial (ALADIN II). Free Radic Res 1999; 31: 171–9.
29. Ametov AS, Barinov A, Dyck PJ et al. SYDNEY Trial Study Group. Diabetes Care 2003; 26: 770–6.
30. Ziegler D, Ametov A, Barinov A et al. Oral treatment with a-lipoic acid improves symptomatic diabetic polyneuropathy: the SYDNEY 2 trial. Diabetes Care 2006; 29: 2365–70.
31. Аметов А.С., Строков И.А., Баринов А.Н. и др. Альфа-липоевая кислота в лечении симптомной диабетической полиневропатии: symptomatic diabetic neuropathy (SYDNEY) trial. Фарматека. 2004; 11 (88): 69–73. / Ametov A.S., Strokov I.A., Barinov A.N. i dr. Al'fa-lipoevaia kislota v lechenii simptomnoi diabeticheskoi polinevropatii: symptomatic diabetic neuropathy (SYDNEY) trial. Farmateka. 2004; 11 (88): 69–73. [in Russian]
32. Ziegler D, Schatz H, Conrad F et al. Effects of treatment with the antioxidant alpha-lipoic acid on cardiac autonomic neuropathy in NIDDM patients. A 4-month randomized controlled multicenter trial (DEKAN Study). Deutsche Kardiale Autonome Neuropathie. Diabetes Care 1997; 20: 369–73.
33. Данилов А.Б. Фармакотерапия болевого синдрома при диабетической полиневропатии. Consilium Medicum. 2006; 8 (9): 123–6. / Danilov A.B. Farmakoterapiia bolevogo sindroma pri diabeticheskoi polinevropatii. Consilium Medicum. 2006; 8 (9): 123–6. [in Russian]
34. Callaghan BC, Feldman EL. Painful diabetic neuropathy: many similarly effective therapies with widely dissimilar costs. Ann Intern Med 2014; 161 (9): 674–5.
35. Tesfaye S, Vileikyte L, Rayman G et al. Painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy: consensus recommendations on diagnosis, assessment and management. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2011; 27 (7): 629–38.
36. Attal N, Crucci G, Haanpaa P et al. EFNS guidelines on pharmacological treatment of neuropathic pain. Eur J Neurol 2006; 13 (11): 1153–69.
37. Attal N, Crucci G, Haanpaa P et al. EFNS guidelines on pharmacological treatment of neuropathic pain: 2010 revision. Eur J Neurol 2010; 17 (9): 1113–88.
38. Bril V, England J, Franklin GM et al. Evidence-based guideline: treatment of pain full neuropathy: report of the American Academy of Neurology, the American Association of Neuromuscular and Electrodiagnostic Medicine, and the American Academy of Physical Medicine and Neurorehabilitation. Neurology 2011; 76 (20): 1758–65.
2. Dyck PJ, Karnes JL, O’Brien PC. The Rochester Diabetic Neuropathy Study: reassessment of tests and criteria for diagnosis and staged severity. Neurology 1992; 42: 1164–70.
3. Dyck PJ, Litchy WJ, Lehman NA et al. Variables influences neuropathic endpoints. The Rochester Diabetic Neuropathy Study of Healthy Subjects. Neurology 1995; 45: 1115–21.
4. Zilliox L, Russell JW. Treatment of diabetic sensory polyneuropathy. Curr Treat Options Neurol 2011; 13 (2): 143–59.
5. Edwards JL, Vincent AM, Cheng HT, Feldman EL. Diabetic neuropathy: mechanisms to management. Pharmacol Ther 2008; 120: 1–34.
6. Burns T, Mauermann M. The evaluation of poluneuropathies. Neurology 2011; 76: 6–13.
7. Kotov S.V., Kalinin A.P., Rudakova I.G. Diabeticheskaia neiropatiia. M.: Meditsina, 2000; s. 439. [in Russian]
8. Tesfaye S, Vileikyte L, Rayman G et al. Painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy: consensus recommendations on diagnosis, assessment and management. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2011; 27 (7): 629–38.
9. Deli G, Bosnyak E et al. Diabetic Neuropathies: Diagnosis and management. Euroendocrinology 2013; 98: 267–80.
10. Strokov I.A. Diabeticheskaia neiropatiia. V kn.: Sakharnyi diabet 2 tipa. Pod red. A.S.Ametova. M.: GEOTAR-Media, 2013: 597–620. [in Russian]
11. Kotov S.V., Kalinin A.P., Rudakova I.G. Diabeticheskaia neiropatiia. M.: Meditsina, 2000; s. 228. [in Russian]
12. Strokov I.A. Bolevaia forma diabeticheskoi polinevropatii. Farmateka. 2012; 7: 75–80. [in Russian]
13. Barinov A.N. Nevrologicheskie oslozhneniia sakharnogo diabeta. Effektivnaia farmakoterapiia. 2012; 28–35. [in Russian]
14. Fedorova O.S., Gur'eva I.V., Strokov I.A. i dr. Rol' diabeticheskoi distal'noi polinevropatii v narushenii ravnovesiia u patsientov s sakharnym diabetom (obzor literatury). Endokrinologiia: novosti, mneniia, obuchenie. 2013; 1: 43–50. [in Russian]
15. Strokov I.A., Fokina A.S., Strokov K.I., Drokonova O.O. Sovremennye printsipy diagnostiki i lecheniia diabeticheskoi polineiropatii. Med. sovet. 2014; 5: 38–43. [in Russian]
16. Levin O.S. Printsipy diagnostiki i lecheniia diabeticheskoi polinevropatii. Effektivnaia farmakoterapiia. Nevrologiia i psikhiatriia. 2011; 2: 52–60. [in Russian]
17. Malik RA, Tesfaye S, Thompson SD et al. Endoneuriallocalisation of microvascular damage in human diabetic neuropathy. Diabetologia 1993; 36 (5): 454–9.
18. Beulens JW, Hart HE, Kuijs R et al. Influence of duration and dose of metformin on cobalamin deficiency in type 2 diabetes patients using metformin. Acta Diabetol 2015; 52 (1): 47–53.
19. Gibbons CH, Freeman R. Treatment-induced diabetic neuropathy: a reversible painful autonomic neuropathy. Ann Neurol 2010; 67 (4): 534–41.
20. Ellenberg M. Diabetic neuropathic cachexia. Diabetes 1974; 23 (5): 418–23.
21. Tesfaye S, Malik R, Harris N et al. Arterio-venous shunting and proliferating new vessels in acute painful neuropathy of rapid glycaemic control (insulin neuritis). Diabetologia 1996; 39 (3): 329–35.
22. Gianni C, Dyck PJ. Pathologic alterations in human diabetic polyneuropathy. Diabetic neuropathy. Ed. by P.J.Dyck, P.K.Thomas. 2nd ed. Phyladelphia: Saun-ders W.B., 1999; p. 279–95.
23. Singh R, Kishore L, Kaur N. Diabetic peripheral neuropathy: current perspective and future directions. Pharmacol Res 2014; 80: 21–35.
24. Strokov I.A., Strokov K.I., Albekova Zh.S. Vzgliad nevrologa i endokrinologa na voprosy lecheniia diabeticheskoi polinevropatii. Effektivnaia farmakoterapiia. Zhurn. nevrologii i psikhiatrii. 2011; 4: 4–13. [in Russian]
25. Ametov A.C., Strokov I.A., Samigullin R. Antioksidantnaia terapiia diabeticheskoi polinevropatii. RMZh. 2005; 13 (6): 339–43. [in Russian]
26. Balabolkin M.I., Kreminskaia V.M., Klebanova E.M. Rol' okislitel'nogo stressa v patogeneze diabeticheskoi neiropatii i vozmozhnost' ego korrektsii preparatami a-lipoevoi kisloty. Problemy endokrinologii. 2005; 51 (3): 22–32. [in Russian]
27. Ziegler D, Hanefeld M, Ruhnau KJ et al. Treatment of symptomatic diabetic peripheral neuropathy with the antioxidant a-lipoic acid. A 3-week multicentre randomized controlled trial (ALADIN Study). Diabetologia 1995; 38: 1425–33.
28. Reljanovic M, Reichel G, Rett K et al. Treatment of diabetic polyneuropathy with the antioxidant thioctic acid (alpha-lipoic acid): a two year randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial (ALADIN II). Free Radic Res 1999; 31: 171–9.
29. Ametov AS, Barinov A, Dyck PJ et al. SYDNEY Trial Study Group. Diabetes Care 2003; 26: 770–6.
30. Ziegler D, Ametov A, Barinov A et al. Oral treatment with a-lipoic acid improves symptomatic diabetic polyneuropathy: the SYDNEY 2 trial. Diabetes Care 2006; 29: 2365–70.
31. Ametov A.S., Strokov I.A., Barinov A.N. i dr. Al'fa-lipoevaia kislota v lechenii simptomnoi diabeticheskoi polinevropatii: symptomatic diabetic neuropathy (SYDNEY) trial. Farmateka. 2004; 11 (88): 69–73. [in Russian]
32. Ziegler D, Schatz H, Conrad F et al. Effects of treatment with the antioxidant alpha-lipoic acid on cardiac autonomic neuropathy in NIDDM patients. A 4-month randomized controlled multicenter trial (DEKAN Study). Deutsche Kardiale Autonome Neuropathie. Diabetes Care 1997; 20: 369–73.
33. Danilov A.B. Farmakoterapiia bolevogo sindroma pri diabeticheskoi polinevropatii. Consilium Medicum. 2006; 8 (9): 123–6. [in Russian]
34. Callaghan BC, Feldman EL. Painful diabetic neuropathy: many similarly effective therapies with widely dissimilar costs. Ann Intern Med 2014; 161 (9): 674–5.
35. Tesfaye S, Vileikyte L, Rayman G et al. Painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy: consensus recommendations on diagnosis, assessment and management. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2011; 27 (7): 629–38.
36. Attal N, Crucci G, Haanpaa P et al. EFNS guidelines on pharmacological treatment of neuropathic pain. Eur J Neurol 2006; 13 (11): 1153–69.
37. Attal N, Crucci G, Haanpaa P et al. EFNS guidelines on pharmacological treatment of neuropathic pain: 2010 revision. Eur J Neurol 2010; 17 (9): 1113–88.
38. Bril V, England J, Franklin GM et al. Evidence-based guideline: treatment of pain full neuropathy: report of the American Academy of Neurology, the American Association of Neuromuscular and Electrodiagnostic Medicine, and the American Academy of Physical Medicine and Neurorehabilitation. Neurology 2011; 76 (20): 1758–65.
2. Dyck PJ, Karnes JL, O’Brien PC. The Rochester Diabetic Neuropathy Study: reassessment of tests and criteria for diagnosis and staged severity. Neurology 1992; 42: 1164–70.
3. Dyck PJ, Litchy WJ, Lehman NA et al. Variables influences neuropathic endpoints. The Rochester Diabetic Neuropathy Study of Healthy Subjects. Neurology 1995; 45: 1115–21.
4. Zilliox L, Russell JW. Treatment of diabetic sensory polyneuropathy. Curr Treat Options Neurol 2011; 13 (2): 143–59.
5. Edwards JL, Vincent AM, Cheng HT, Feldman EL. Diabetic neuropathy: mechanisms to management. Pharmacol Ther 2008; 120: 1–34.
6. Burns T, Mauermann M. The evaluation of poluneuropathies. Neurology 2011; 76: 6–13.
7. Котов С.В., Калинин А.П., Рудакова И.Г. Диабетическая нейропатия. М.: Медицина, 2000; с. 439. / Kotov S.V., Kalinin A.P., Rudakova I.G. Diabeticheskaia neiropatiia. M.: Meditsina, 2000; s. 439. [in Russian]
8. Tesfaye S, Vileikyte L, Rayman G et al. Painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy: consensus recommendations on diagnosis, assessment and management. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2011; 27 (7): 629–38.
9. Deli G, Bosnyak E et al. Diabetic Neuropathies: Diagnosis and management. Euroendocrinology 2013; 98: 267–80.
10. Строков И.А. Диабетическая нейропатия. В кн.: Сахарный диабет 2 типа. Под ред. А.С.Аметова. М.: ГЭОТАР-Медиа, 2013: 597–620. / Strokov I.A. Diabeticheskaia neiropatiia. V kn.: Sakharnyi diabet 2 tipa. Pod red. A.S.Ametova. M.: GEOTAR-Media, 2013: 597–620. [in Russian]
11. Котов С.В., Калинин А.П., Рудакова И.Г. Диабетическая нейропатия. М.: Медицина, 2000; с. 228. / Kotov S.V., Kalinin A.P., Rudakova I.G. Diabeticheskaia neiropatiia. M.: Meditsina, 2000; s. 228. [in Russian]
12. Строков И.А. Болевая форма диабетической полиневропатии. Фарматека. 2012; 7: 75–80. / Strokov I.A. Bolevaia forma diabeticheskoi polinevropatii. Farmateka. 2012; 7: 75–80. [in Russian]
13. Баринов А.Н. Неврологические осложнения сахарного диабета. Эффективная фармакотерапия. 2012; 28–35. / Barinov A.N. Nevrologicheskie oslozhneniia sakharnogo diabeta. Effektivnaia farmakoterapiia. 2012; 28–35. [in Russian]
14. Федорова О.С., Гурьева И.В., Строков И.А. и др. Роль диабетической дистальной полиневропатии в нарушении равновесия у пациентов с сахарным диабетом (обзор литературы). Эндокринология: новости, мнения, обучение. 2013; 1: 43–50. / Fedorova O.S., Gur'eva I.V., Strokov I.A. i dr. Rol' diabeticheskoi distal'noi polinevropatii v narushenii ravnovesiia u patsientov s sakharnym diabetom (obzor literatury). Endokrinologiia: novosti, mneniia, obuchenie. 2013; 1: 43–50. [in Russian]
15. Строков И.А., Фокина А.С., Строков К.И., Дроконова О.О. Современные принципы диагностики и лечения диабетической полинейропатии. Мед. совет. 2014; 5: 38–43. / Strokov I.A., Fokina A.S., Strokov K.I., Drokonova O.O. Sovremennye printsipy diagnostiki i lecheniia diabeticheskoi polineiropatii. Med. sovet. 2014; 5: 38–43. [in Russian]
16. Левин О.С. Принципы диагностики и лечения диабетической полиневропатии. Эффективная фармакотерапия. Неврология и психиатрия. 2011; 2: 52–60. / Levin O.S. Printsipy diagnostiki i lecheniia diabeticheskoi polinevropatii. Effektivnaia farmakoterapiia. Nevrologiia i psikhiatriia. 2011; 2: 52–60. [in Russian]
17. Malik RA, Tesfaye S, Thompson SD et al. Endoneuriallocalisation of microvascular damage in human diabetic neuropathy. Diabetologia 1993; 36 (5): 454–9.
18. Beulens JW, Hart HE, Kuijs R et al. Influence of duration and dose of metformin on cobalamin deficiency in type 2 diabetes patients using metformin. Acta Diabetol 2015; 52 (1): 47–53.
19. Gibbons CH, Freeman R. Treatment-induced diabetic neuropathy: a reversible painful autonomic neuropathy. Ann Neurol 2010; 67 (4): 534–41.
20. Ellenberg M. Diabetic neuropathic cachexia. Diabetes 1974; 23 (5): 418–23.
21. Tesfaye S, Malik R, Harris N et al. Arterio-venous shunting and proliferating new vessels in acute painful neuropathy of rapid glycaemic control (insulin neuritis). Diabetologia 1996; 39 (3): 329–35.
22. Gianni C, Dyck PJ. Pathologic alterations in human diabetic polyneuropathy. Diabetic neuropathy. Ed. by P.J.Dyck, P.K.Thomas. 2nd ed. Phyladelphia: Saun-ders W.B., 1999; p. 279–95.
23. Singh R, Kishore L, Kaur N. Diabetic peripheral neuropathy: current perspective and future directions. Pharmacol Res 2014; 80: 21–35.
24. Строков И.А., Строков К.И., Албекова Ж.С. Взгляд невролога и эндокринолога на вопросы лечения диабетической полиневропатии. Эффективная фармакотерапия. Журн. неврологии и психиатрии. 2011; 4: 4–13. / Strokov I.A., Strokov K.I., Albekova Zh.S. Vzgliad nevrologa i endokrinologa na voprosy lecheniia diabeticheskoi polinevropatii. Effektivnaia farmakoterapiia. Zhurn. nevrologii i psikhiatrii. 2011; 4: 4–13. [in Russian]
25. Аметов А.C., Строков И.А., Самигуллин Р. Антиоксидантная терапия диабетической полиневропатии. РМЖ. 2005; 13 (6): 339–43. / Ametov A.C., Strokov I.A., Samigullin R. Antioksidantnaia terapiia diabeticheskoi polinevropatii. RMZh. 2005; 13 (6): 339–43. [in Russian]
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38. Bril V, England J, Franklin GM et al. Evidence-based guideline: treatment of pain full neuropathy: report of the American Academy of Neurology, the American Association of Neuromuscular and Electrodiagnostic Medicine, and the American Academy of Physical Medicine and Neurorehabilitation. Neurology 2011; 76 (20): 1758–65.
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27. Ziegler D, Hanefeld M, Ruhnau KJ et al. Treatment of symptomatic diabetic peripheral neuropathy with the antioxidant a-lipoic acid. A 3-week multicentre randomized controlled trial (ALADIN Study). Diabetologia 1995; 38: 1425–33.
28. Reljanovic M, Reichel G, Rett K et al. Treatment of diabetic polyneuropathy with the antioxidant thioctic acid (alpha-lipoic acid): a two year randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial (ALADIN II). Free Radic Res 1999; 31: 171–9.
29. Ametov AS, Barinov A, Dyck PJ et al. SYDNEY Trial Study Group. Diabetes Care 2003; 26: 770–6.
30. Ziegler D, Ametov A, Barinov A et al. Oral treatment with a-lipoic acid improves symptomatic diabetic polyneuropathy: the SYDNEY 2 trial. Diabetes Care 2006; 29: 2365–70.
31. Ametov A.S., Strokov I.A., Barinov A.N. i dr. Al'fa-lipoevaia kislota v lechenii simptomnoi diabeticheskoi polinevropatii: symptomatic diabetic neuropathy (SYDNEY) trial. Farmateka. 2004; 11 (88): 69–73. [in Russian]
32. Ziegler D, Schatz H, Conrad F et al. Effects of treatment with the antioxidant alpha-lipoic acid on cardiac autonomic neuropathy in NIDDM patients. A 4-month randomized controlled multicenter trial (DEKAN Study). Deutsche Kardiale Autonome Neuropathie. Diabetes Care 1997; 20: 369–73.
33. Danilov A.B. Farmakoterapiia bolevogo sindroma pri diabeticheskoi polinevropatii. Consilium Medicum. 2006; 8 (9): 123–6. [in Russian]
34. Callaghan BC, Feldman EL. Painful diabetic neuropathy: many similarly effective therapies with widely dissimilar costs. Ann Intern Med 2014; 161 (9): 674–5.
35. Tesfaye S, Vileikyte L, Rayman G et al. Painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy: consensus recommendations on diagnosis, assessment and management. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2011; 27 (7): 629–38.
36. Attal N, Crucci G, Haanpaa P et al. EFNS guidelines on pharmacological treatment of neuropathic pain. Eur J Neurol 2006; 13 (11): 1153–69.
37. Attal N, Crucci G, Haanpaa P et al. EFNS guidelines on pharmacological treatment of neuropathic pain: 2010 revision. Eur J Neurol 2010; 17 (9): 1113–88.
38. Bril V, England J, Franklin GM et al. Evidence-based guideline: treatment of pain full neuropathy: report of the American Academy of Neurology, the American Association of Neuromuscular and Electrodiagnostic Medicine, and the American Academy of Physical Medicine and Neurorehabilitation. Neurology 2011; 76 (20): 1758–65.
Авторы
В.В.Захаров*1, В.Б.Сосина2
1 ФГАОУ ВО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М.Сеченова» Минздрава России. 119991, Россия, Москва, ул. Трубецкая, д. 8, стр. 2;
2 ГБУЗ «Городская клиническая больница №51» Департамента здравоохранения города Москвы. 121309, Россия, Москва, ул. Алябьева, д. 7/33
*zakharovenator@gmail.com
1 I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. 119991, Russian Federation, Moscow, ul. Trubetskaia, d. 8, str. 2;
2 City Clinical Hospital №51. 121309, Russian Federation, Moscow, ul. Aliab'eva, d. 7/33
*zakharovenator@gmail.com
1 ФГАОУ ВО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М.Сеченова» Минздрава России. 119991, Россия, Москва, ул. Трубецкая, д. 8, стр. 2;
2 ГБУЗ «Городская клиническая больница №51» Департамента здравоохранения города Москвы. 121309, Россия, Москва, ул. Алябьева, д. 7/33
*zakharovenator@gmail.com
________________________________________________
1 I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. 119991, Russian Federation, Moscow, ul. Trubetskaia, d. 8, str. 2;
2 City Clinical Hospital №51. 121309, Russian Federation, Moscow, ul. Aliab'eva, d. 7/33
*zakharovenator@gmail.com
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