Цель исследования – изучение связи между уровнем агрегации тромбоцитов и провоспалительных цитокинов у больных с инфарктом миокарда с подъемом сегмента ST (ИМпST) на фоне приема клопидогрела и при замене клопидогрела на тикагрелор. Материалы и методы. В исследование были включены 80 пациентов с ИМпST. На этапе скорой медицинской помощи все пациенты получали нагрузочную дозу аспирина (250 мг) и клопидогрела (600 мг). Через 24 ч пациенты 1-й группы продолжали получать клопидогрел 75 м/сут. Пациенты 2-й группы переводились с клопидогрела на тикагрелор без нагрузочной дозы и получали поддерживающую дозу тикагрелора 90 мг 2 раза в сутки. Оценивалась агрегация тромбоцитов с аденозиндифосфатом (АДФ) 1,25 и 2,5 мкг/мл, концентрация интерлейкина-6 (ИЛ-6) и С-реактивного белка (СРБ) до замены препарата и на 7-е сутки после замены клопидогрела на тикагрелор. Результаты. На 7-е сутки после замены клопидогрела на тикагрелор агрегация тромбоцитов в группе тикагрелора была достоверно ниже по сравнению с агрегацией тромбоцитов в группе клопидогрела (клопидогрел: 45,61 [32,7; 56]%, тикагрелор: 30,3 [13,3; 41,6]%, p=0,00). Уровень СРБ на 7-е сутки после замены препаратов в группе клопидогрела был достоверно выше по сравнению с группой тикагрелора: 25,3 (4,6; 46,4) мл/л и 17,5 (4,6; 20,9) мг/л, соответственно (р=0,04). Концентрация ИЛ-6 на 7-е сутки после замены препаратов в группе клопидогрела также была достоверно выше по сравнению с группой тикагрелора: 7,03 (2,7; 11,3) пг/мл и 2,8 (1,8; 4,2) пг/мл соответственно (р=0,01). Заключение. На 7-е сутки после замены клопидогрела на тикагрелор у больных с ИМпST уровень СРБ и ИЛ-6 оказался достоверно выше в группе пациентов с более выраженной агрегацией тромбоцитов.
Purpose. To assess of the relationship between the level of the platelet aggregation and of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and C-reactive protein (CRP) in STEMI patients receiving clopidogrel or switching therapies to ticagrelor. Methods. The study enrolled 80 patients with STEMI. At the ambulance all patients received a loading dose of aspirin (250 mg) and clopidogrel (600 mg). After 24 hours patients were received with maintenance dose of aspirin (100 mg) and of clopidogrel 75 mg/ticagrelor 90 mg twice a day. ADP-induced platelet aggregation (1.25 and 2.5 mgr/ml), levels of IL-6 and CRP in blood plasma were assessed before switching therapies to ticagrelor and on the 7th day after switching therapies to ticagrelor. Results. On the 7th day after switching therapies to ticagrelor, platelet aggregation was significantly lower in patients on ticagrelor than in patients on clopidogrel (C: 45.61 [32.7; 56]%, T: 30.3 [13.3; 41.6]%, p=0.001). The level of CRP on the 7th day in the clopidogrel group was significantly higher than the level of CRP on the 7th day in the ticagrelor group: 25.3 (4.6; 46.4) ml/l and 17.5 (4.6; 20.9) mg/l, respectively (p=0.04). The level of IL-6 on the 7th day in the clopidogrel group was significantly higher than the level of IL-6 on the 7th day in the ticagrelor group: 7.03 (2.7; 11.3) pg/ml, and 2.8 (1.8; 4.2) pg/ml, respectively (p=0.01). Conclusion. On the 7th day after switching therapies to ticagrelor in STEMI patients levels of inflammatory markers (IL-6, CRP) were significantly higher in the group where ADP-induced platelet aggregation was higher.
Key words: STEMI, switching therapies to ticagrelor, interleukin-6, C-reactive protein.
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2. Roffi M, Patrono С, Collet J-P et al. 2015 ESC Guidelines for the management of acute coronary syndromes in patients presenting without persistent ST-segment elevation. Eur Heart J 2016; 37: 267–315.
3. Franchi F, Angiolillo DJ. Novel antiplatelet agents in acute coronary syndrome. Nat Rev Cardiol 2015; 12: 30–47.
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8. Gurbel PA, Bliden KP, Butler K et al. Response to ticagrelor in clopidogrel nonresponders and responders and effect of switching therapies: the RESPOND Study. Circulation 2010; 121: 1188–99.
9. Alexopoulos D, Kontoprias K, Gkizas V et al. Ticagrelor vs clopidogrel followed by ticagrelor re-loading in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention: A randomized, pharmacodynamics comparison. Platelets 2016; 27 (5): 420–6.
10. Caiazzo G, De Rosa S, Torella D et al. Administration of a loading dose has no additive effect on platelet aggregation during the switch from ongoing clopidogrel treatment to ticagrelor in patients with acute coronary syndrome (SHIFT-OVER). Circ Cardiovasc Interv 2014; 7: 104–12.
11. Preusch MR, Rusnak J, Staudacher K et al. Ticagrelor promotes atherosclerotic plaque stability in a mouse model of advanced atherosclerosis. Drug Des Devel Ther 2016; 10: 2691–9.
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13. Thomas MR, Outteridge SN, Ajjan RA et al. Platelet P2Y12 inhibitors reduce systemic inflammation and its prothrombotic effects in an experimental human model. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2015; 35 (12): 2562–70.
14. Nylander S, Schulz R. Effects of P2Y12 receptor antagonists beyond platelet inhibition-comparison of ticagrelor with thienopyridines. Br J Pharmacol 2016; 173 (7): 1163–78.
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1. 2014 ASC/EACTS Guidelines on myocardial revascularization. The task force on myocardial revascularization of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and the European Association of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS). Eur Heart J 2014; 35: 2541–619.
2. Roffi M, Patrono С, Collet J-P et al. 2015 ESC Guidelines for the management of acute coronary syndromes in patients presenting without persistent ST-segment elevation. Eur Heart J 2016; 37: 267–315.
3. Franchi F, Angiolillo DJ. Novel antiplatelet agents in acute coronary syndrome. Nat Rev Cardiol 2015; 12: 30–47.
4. Lindholm D, Varenhorst Ch, Cfnnon Ch et al. Ticagrelor versus clopidogrel in patient with non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome with or without revascularization: results from the PLATO trial. Eur Heart J 2014; 35: 2083–93.
5. Rukovodstvo po immunofarmakologii. Per. s angl. Pod red. M.M.Deila, Dzh.K.Formena. M.: Meditsina, 1998. [in Russian]
6. Sumin A.N., Osokina A.V., Fedorova N.V. i dr. Uroven' markerov subklinicheskogo vospaleniia u bol'nykh IBS s predraspolozhennost'iu k psikhologicheskomu distressu. Tsitokiny i vospalenie. 2015; 14 (3): 53–9. [in Russian]
7. Danilov I.P. Trombotsity: novyi vzgliad na ikh rol' v organizme. Meditsinskie novosti. 2008; 9: 17–9. [in Russian]
8. Gurbel PA, Bliden KP, Butler K et al. Response to ticagrelor in clopidogrel nonresponders and responders and effect of switching therapies: the RESPOND Study. Circulation 2010; 121: 1188–99.
9. Alexopoulos D, Kontoprias K, Gkizas V et al. Ticagrelor vs clopidogrel followed by ticagrelor re-loading in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention: A randomized, pharmacodynamics comparison. Platelets 2016; 27 (5): 420–6.
10. Caiazzo G, De Rosa S, Torella D et al. Administration of a loading dose has no additive effect on platelet aggregation during the switch from ongoing clopidogrel treatment to ticagrelor in patients with acute coronary syndrome (SHIFT-OVER). Circ Cardiovasc Interv 2014; 7: 104–12.
11. Preusch MR, Rusnak J, Staudacher K et al. Ticagrelor promotes atherosclerotic plaque stability in a mouse model of advanced atherosclerosis. Drug Des Devel Ther 2016; 10: 2691–9.
12. Oh M, Lee CW, Lee HS et al. Similar impact of clopidogrel or ticagrelor on carotid atherosclerotic plaque inflammation. Clin Cardiol 2016; 39 (11): 646–52.
13. Thomas MR, Outteridge SN, Ajjan RA et al. Platelet P2Y12 inhibitors reduce systemic inflammation and its prothrombotic effects in an experimental human model. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2015; 35 (12): 2562–70.
14. Nylander S, Schulz R. Effects of P2Y12 receptor antagonists beyond platelet inhibition-comparison of ticagrelor with thienopyridines. Br J Pharmacol 2016; 173 (7): 1163–78.
1 Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases. 650002, Russian Federation, Kemerovo, Sosnovyi bul'var, d. 6;
2 Kemerovo Cardiology Centre. 650002, Russian Federation, Kemerovo, Sosnovyi bul'var, d. 6 *tavlev1@mail.ru