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Новые представления о гастропатии, ассоциированной с применением нестероидных противовоспалительных препаратов
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Maev I.V., Andreev D.N., Dicheva D.T., Zhilyaev E.V. New understanding about gastropathy associated with using of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Consilium Medicum. 2017; 19 (8): 110–115. DOI: 10.26442/2075-1753_19.8.110-115
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Ключевые слова: нестероидные противовоспалительные препараты, гастропатия, циклооксигеназа, Helicobacter pylori, ингибиторы протонной помпы, ребамипид.
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More than 30 million people take nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Regular use of NSAIDs is associated with a number of side effects and risks, the leader which are inflammatory, erosive and ulcerative changes of the mucous membrane of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). NSAIDs can induce lesions of the GIT throughout its length from the esophagus to the rectum, but the lesion of the upper GIT develops in 6 times more often. NSAID gastropathy is a topical problem of modern clinical medicine, given the high prevalence and frequency of complications. Risk of NSAID-gastropathy is influenced by as factors as patient age, infection with Helicobacter pylori, the presence of complications of gastrointestinal diseases in the anamnesis, concomitant use of other drugs. Currently the most common of the strategies used for the prevention of NSAID-gastropathy is a combination therapy of NSAIDs with a proton pump inhibitor, and the use of selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors. The introduction into clinical practice of new gastroprotective drug with proven effect – rebamipide – opens new prospects for the management of this difficult group of patients.
Key words: nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, gastropathy, cyclooxygenase, Helicobacter pylori, proton pump inhibitors, rebamipide.
2. Маев И.В., Самсонов А.А., Андреев Д.Н. Гастропатии, индуцированные нестероидными противовоспалительными средствами: патогенетически обоснованные подходы к профилактике и терапии. Фарматека. 2016; 2: 49–54. / Maev I.V., Samsonov A.A., Andreev D.N. Gastropatii, indutsirovannye nesteroidnymi protivovospalitel'nymi sredstvami: patogeneticheski obosnovannye podkhody k profilaktike i terapii. Farmateka. 2016; 2: 49–54. [in Russian]
3. Tannenbaum H, Bombardier C, Davis P, Russel AS. An Evidence-based approach to prescribing nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Third Canadian Consensus Conference. J Rheumatol 2006; 33: 140–57.
4. Lanas A, Chan FK. Peptic ulcer disease. Lancet 2017 Feb 23. pii: S0140-6736(16)32404-7.
5. Lanas A, Perez-Aisa MA, Feu F et al. A nationwide study of mortality associated with hospital admission due to severe gastrointestinal events and those associated with nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug use. Am J Gastroenterol 2005; 100 (8): 1685–93.
6. Roth SH. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug gastropathy. We started it – can we stop it? Arch Intern Med 1986; 146 (6): 1075–6.
7. Sostres C, Gargallo CJ, Lanas A. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and upper and lower gastrointestinal mucosal damage. Arthritis Res Ther 2013; 15 (Suppl. 3): S3.
8. Melcarne L, García-Iglesias P, Calvet X. Management of NSAID-associated peptic ulcer disease. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2016; 10 (6): 723–33.
9. Larkai EN, Smith JL, Lidsky MD, Graham DY. Gastroduodenal mucosa and dyspeptic symptoms in arthritic patients during chronic nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug use. Am J Gastroenterol 1987; 82 (11): 1153–8.
10. Lanas Á, Carrera-Lasfuentes P, Arguedas Y et al. Risk of upper and lower gastrointestinal bleeding in patients taking nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, antiplatelet agents, or anticoagulants. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2015; 13 (5): 906–12.e2.
11. Lewis SC, Langman MJ, Laporte JR et al. Dose-response relationships between individual nonaspirin nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NANSAIDs) and serious upper gastrointestinal bleeding: a meta-analysis based on individual patient data. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2002; 54 (3): 320–6.
12. Castellsague J, Riera-Guardia N, Calingaert B et al. Individual NSAIDs and upper gastrointestinal complications: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies (the SOS project). Drug Saf 2012; 35 (12): 1127–46.
13. Bhala N, Emberson J, Merhi A et al. Vascular and upper gastrointestinal effects of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: meta-analyses of individual participant data from randomised trials. Lancet 2013; 382 (9894): 769–79.
14. Gargallo CJ, Sostres C, Lanas A. Prevention and Treatment of NSAID Gastropathy. Curr Treat Options Gastroenterol 2014; 12 (4): 398–413.
15. Маев И.В., Самсонов А.А., Андреев Д.Н. Болезни желудка. М.: ГЭОТАР-Медиа, 2015. / Maev I.V., Samsonov A.A., Andreev D.N. Bolezni zheludka. M.: GEOTAR-Media, 2015. [in Russian]
16. DeRuiter J. Non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDS). Principles of Drug Action 2002; 2: 1–25.
17. Sostres C, Gargallo CJ, Arroyo MT, Lanas A. Adverse effects of non-steroidal anti-nflammatory drugs (NSAIDs, aspirin and coxibs) on upper gastrointestinal tract. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol 2010; 24: 121–32.
18. Zidar N, Odar K, Glavac D et al. Cyclooxygenase in normal human tissues – is COX-1 really a constitutive isoform, and COX-2 an inducible isoform? Cell Mol Med B 2009; 13 (9): 3753–63.
19. Laine L. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug gastropathy. Gastrointest Endosc Clin N Am 1996; 6 (3): 489–504.
20. Mitchell JA, Akarasereenont P, Thiemermann C et al. Selectivity of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs as inhibitors of constitutive and inducible cyclooxygenase. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 1993; 90 (24): 11693–7.
21. Gudis K, Sakamoto C. The role of cyclooxygenase in gastric mucosal protection. Dig Dis Sci 2005; 50 (1): S16–S23.
22. Konturek SJ, Konturek PC, Pawlik T et al. Duodenal mucosal protection by bicarbonate secretion and its mechanisms. J Physiol Pharmacol 2004; 55: 5–17.
23. Свинцицкий А.С. НПВП гастродуоденопатии у больных остеоартрозом: особенности диагностики, профилактики и лечения. Научно-практическая ревматология. 2002; 3: 26–31. / Svintsitskii A.S. NPVP gastroduodenopatii u bol'nykh osteoartrozom: osobennosti diagnostiki, profilaktiki i lecheniia. Nauchno-prakticheskaia revmatologiia. 2002; 3: 26–31. [in Russian]
24. Hudson N, Balsitis M, Everitt S, Hawkey CJ. Enhanced gastric mucosal leukotriene B4 synthesis in patients taking non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Gut 1993; 34 (6): 742–7.
25. Vaananen PM, Keenan CM, Grisham MB, Wallace JL. Pharmacological investigation of the role of leukotrienes in the pathogenesis of experimental NSAID gastropathy. Inflammation 1992; 16 (3): 227–40.
26. Andrews FJ, Malcontenti-Wilson C, O’Brien PE. Effect of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on LFA-1 and ICAM-1 expression in gastric mucosa. Am J Physiol 1994; 266 (4, part 1): G657–G664.
27. McCafferty DM, Granger DN, Wallace JL. Indomethacin-induced gastric injury and leukocyte adherence in arthritic versus healthy rats. Gastroenterology 1995; 109 (4): 1173–80.
28. Насонов Е.Л., Каратеев А.Е. Поражения желудка, связанные с приемом нестероидных противовоспалительных препаратов (часть I). Клин. мед. 2000; 3: 4–9. / Nasonov E.L., Karateev A.E. Porazheniia zheludka, sviazannye s priemom nesteroidnykh protivovospalitel'nykh preparatov (chast' I). Klin. med. 2000; 3: 4–9. [in Russian].
29. Fiorucci S, Antonelli E, Morelli A. Mechanism of non-steroidal anti- inflammatory drug-gastropathy. Digest Liver Dis 2001; 33 (Suppl. 2): S35.
30. Маев И.В., Самсонов А.А., Андреев Д.Н. Инфекция Helicobacter pylori. М.: ГЭОТАР-Медиа, 2016. / Maev I.V., Samsonov A.A., Andreev D.N. Infektsiia Helicobacter pylori. M.: GEOTAR-Media, 2016. [in Russian].
31. Huang JQ, Sridhar S, Hunt RH. Role of Helicobacter pylori infection and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in peptic-ulcer disease: a meta-analysis. Lancet 2002; 359 (9300): 14–22.
32. Lim YJ, Hong SJ. Helicobacter pylori infection in nonsteroidal anti-infl ammatory drug users. Korean J Gastroenterol 2014; 64 (2): 70–5.
33. Malfertheiner P, Megraud F, O'Morain CA et al. Management of Helicobacter pylori infection-the Maastricht V/Florence Consensus Report. Gut 2017; 66 (1): 6–30.
34. Lanza FL, Chan FK, Quigley EM. Practice Parameters Committee of the American College of Gastroenterology, Guidelines for prevention of NSAID-related ulcer complications. Am J Gastroenterol 2009; 104 (3): 728–38.
35. Laine L. The role of proton pump inhibitors in NSAID – associated gastropathy and upper gastrointestinal symptoms. Rev Gastroenterol Dis 2003; 3 (4): S30–S39.
36. Micklewright R, Lane S, Linley W et al. Review article: NSAIDs, gastroprotection and cyclo-oxygenase-II-selective inhibitors. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2003; 17 (3): 321–32.
37. Patrignani P, Tacconelli S, Capone ML. Risk management profile of etoricoxib: an example of personalized medicine. Ther Clin Risk Management 2008; 4 (5): 983–97.
38. Trelle S, Reichenbach S, Wandel S et al. Cardiovascular safety of non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs: network meta-analysis. BMJ 2011; 342: 7086.
39. Bombardier C, Laine L, Reicin A et al. Comparison of upper gastrointestinal toxicity of rofecoxib and naproxen in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. N Engl J Med 2000; 343 (21): 1520–8.
40. Schwartz J, Dallob A, Larson P et al. Comparative inhibitory activity of etoricoxib, celecoxib, and diclofenac on COX-2 versus COX-1 in healthy subjects. J Clin Pharmacol 2008; 48 (6): 745–54.
41. Chan F, Lanas A, Scheiman J et al. Celecoxib versus omeprazole and diclofenac in patients with osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis (CONDOR): a randomised trial. Lancet 2010; 376: 173–9.
42. Goldstein J, Eisen G, Lewis B et al. Video capsule endoscopy to prospectively assess small bowel injury with celecoxib, naproxen plus omeprazole, and placebo. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2005; 3: 3–13.
43. Mattia C, Coluzzi F. COX-2 inhibitors: pharmacological data and adverse effects. Minerva Anesthesiology 2005; 71 (7–8): 461–70.
44. Nguyen A, Chaiton A. Cyclooxygenase (COX-2) selective inhibitors: any better than NSAIDs? Can Fam Physician 2001; 47: 1398–400.
45. Laine L. Proton pump inhibitor co-therapy with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs – nice or necessary? Rev Gastroenterol Dis 2004; 4 (Suppl. 4): S33–S41.
46. Vergara M, Catalan M, Gisbert JP et al. Meta-analysis: role of Helicobacter pylori eradication in the prevention of peptic ulcer in NSAID users. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2005; 21: 1411e18.
47. Koch M. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug gastropathy: clinical results with misoprostol. Ital J Gastroenterol Hepatol 1999; 31 (1): S54–S62.
48. Silverstein FE, Graham DY, Senior JR et al. Misoprostol reduces serious gastrointestinal complications in patients with rheumatoid arthritis receiving nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Ann Intern Med 1995; 123 (4): 241–9.
49. Graham Y, White RH, Moreland LW et al. Duodenal and gastric ulcer prevention with misoprostol in arthritis patients taking NSAIDs. Misoprostol Study Group. Ann Intern Med 1993; 119 (4): 257–62.
50. Iinuma S, Naito Y, Yoshikawa T et al. In vitro studies indicating antioxidative properties of rebamipide. Dig Dis Sci 1998; 43 (Suppl. 9): 35S–39S.
51. Yoshida N, Yoshikawa T, Iinuma S et al. Rebamipide protects against activation of neutrophils by Helicobacter pylori. Dig Dis Sci 1996; 41 (6): 1139–44.
52. Naito Y, Yoshikawa T. Rebamipide: a gastrointestinal protective drug with pleiotropic activities. Exp Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2010; 4 (3): 261–70.
53. Zhang S, Qing Q, Bai Y et al. Rebamipide helps defend against nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs induced gastroenteropathy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Dig Dis Sci 2013; 58 (7): 1991–2000.
54. Kim JH, Park SH, Cho CS et al. Preventive efficacy and safety of rebamipid in NSAD-indused toxicity. Gut Liver 2014; 8 (4): 371–79.
55. Park SH, Cho CS, Lee OY et al. Comparison of Prevention of NSAID-Induced Gastrointestinal Complications by Rebamipide and Misoprostol: A Randomized, Multicenter, Controlled Trial-STORM STUDY. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2007; 40 (2): 148–55.
56. Tozawa K, Oshima T, Okugawa T et al. A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study of Rebamipide for Gastric Mucosal Injury Taking Aspirin With or Without Clopidogrel. Dig Dis Sci 2014; 59 (8): 1885–90.
57. Suzuki T, Yoshida N, Nakabe N et al. Prophylactic effect of rebamipide on aspirin-induced gastric lesions and disruption of tight junctional protein zonula occludens-1 distribution. J Pharmacol Sci 2008; 106 (3): 469–77.
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1. Singh G. Gastrointestinal complications of prescription and over-the-counter nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: a view from the ARAMIS database. Arthritis, Rheumatism, and Aging Medical Information System. Am J Ther 2000; 7 (2): 115–21.
2. Maev I.V., Samsonov A.A., Andreev D.N. Gastropatii, indutsirovannye nesteroidnymi protivovospalitel'nymi sredstvami: patogeneticheski obosnovannye podkhody k profilaktike i terapii. Farmateka. 2016; 2: 49–54. [in Russian]
3. Tannenbaum H, Bombardier C, Davis P, Russel AS. An Evidence-based approach to prescribing nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Third Canadian Consensus Conference. J Rheumatol 2006; 33: 140–57.
4. Lanas A, Chan FK. Peptic ulcer disease. Lancet 2017 Feb 23. pii: S0140-6736(16)32404-7.
5. Lanas A, Perez-Aisa MA, Feu F et al. A nationwide study of mortality associated with hospital admission due to severe gastrointestinal events and those associated with nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug use. Am J Gastroenterol 2005; 100 (8): 1685–93.
6. Roth SH. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug gastropathy. We started it – can we stop it? Arch Intern Med 1986; 146 (6): 1075–6.
7. Sostres C, Gargallo CJ, Lanas A. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and upper and lower gastrointestinal mucosal damage. Arthritis Res Ther 2013; 15 (Suppl. 3): S3.
8. Melcarne L, García-Iglesias P, Calvet X. Management of NSAID-associated peptic ulcer disease. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2016; 10 (6): 723–33.
9. Larkai EN, Smith JL, Lidsky MD, Graham DY. Gastroduodenal mucosa and dyspeptic symptoms in arthritic patients during chronic nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug use. Am J Gastroenterol 1987; 82 (11): 1153–8.
10. Lanas Á, Carrera-Lasfuentes P, Arguedas Y et al. Risk of upper and lower gastrointestinal bleeding in patients taking nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, antiplatelet agents, or anticoagulants. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2015; 13 (5): 906–12.e2.
11. Lewis SC, Langman MJ, Laporte JR et al. Dose-response relationships between individual nonaspirin nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NANSAIDs) and serious upper gastrointestinal bleeding: a meta-analysis based on individual patient data. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2002; 54 (3): 320–6.
12. Castellsague J, Riera-Guardia N, Calingaert B et al. Individual NSAIDs and upper gastrointestinal complications: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies (the SOS project). Drug Saf 2012; 35 (12): 1127–46.
13. Bhala N, Emberson J, Merhi A et al. Vascular and upper gastrointestinal effects of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: meta-analyses of individual participant data from randomised trials. Lancet 2013; 382 (9894): 769–79.
14. Gargallo CJ, Sostres C, Lanas A. Prevention and Treatment of NSAID Gastropathy. Curr Treat Options Gastroenterol 2014; 12 (4): 398–413.
15. Maev I.V., Samsonov A.A., Andreev D.N. Bolezni zheludka. M.: GEOTAR-Media, 2015. [in Russian]
16. DeRuiter J. Non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDS). Principles of Drug Action 2002; 2: 1–25.
17. Sostres C, Gargallo CJ, Arroyo MT, Lanas A. Adverse effects of non-steroidal anti-nflammatory drugs (NSAIDs, aspirin and coxibs) on upper gastrointestinal tract. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol 2010; 24: 121–32.
18. Zidar N, Odar K, Glavac D et al. Cyclooxygenase in normal human tissues – is COX-1 really a constitutive isoform, and COX-2 an inducible isoform? Cell Mol Med B 2009; 13 (9): 3753–63.
19. Laine L. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug gastropathy. Gastrointest Endosc Clin N Am 1996; 6 (3): 489–504.
20. Mitchell JA, Akarasereenont P, Thiemermann C et al. Selectivity of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs as inhibitors of constitutive and inducible cyclooxygenase. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 1993; 90 (24): 11693–7.
21. Gudis K, Sakamoto C. The role of cyclooxygenase in gastric mucosal protection. Dig Dis Sci 2005; 50 (1): S16–S23.
22. Konturek SJ, Konturek PC, Pawlik T et al. Duodenal mucosal protection by bicarbonate secretion and its mechanisms. J Physiol Pharmacol 2004; 55: 5–17.
23. Svintsitskii A.S. NPVP gastroduodenopatii u bol'nykh osteoartrozom: osobennosti diagnostiki, profilaktiki i lecheniia. Nauchno-prakticheskaia revmatologiia. 2002; 3: 26–31. [in Russian]
24. Hudson N, Balsitis M, Everitt S, Hawkey CJ. Enhanced gastric mucosal leukotriene B4 synthesis in patients taking non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Gut 1993; 34 (6): 742–7.
25. Vaananen PM, Keenan CM, Grisham MB, Wallace JL. Pharmacological investigation of the role of leukotrienes in the pathogenesis of experimental NSAID gastropathy. Inflammation 1992; 16 (3): 227–40.
26. Andrews FJ, Malcontenti-Wilson C, O’Brien PE. Effect of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on LFA-1 and ICAM-1 expression in gastric mucosa. Am J Physiol 1994; 266 (4, part 1): G657–G664.
27. McCafferty DM, Granger DN, Wallace JL. Indomethacin-induced gastric injury and leukocyte adherence in arthritic versus healthy rats. Gastroenterology 1995; 109 (4): 1173–80.
28. Nasonov E.L., Karateev A.E. Porazheniia zheludka, sviazannye s priemom nesteroidnykh protivovospalitel'nykh preparatov (chast' I). Klin. med. 2000; 3: 4–9. [in Russian].
29. Fiorucci S, Antonelli E, Morelli A. Mechanism of non-steroidal anti- inflammatory drug-gastropathy. Digest Liver Dis 2001; 33 (Suppl. 2): S35.
30. Maev I.V., Samsonov A.A., Andreev D.N. Infektsiia Helicobacter pylori. M.: GEOTAR-Media, 2016. [in Russian].
31. Huang JQ, Sridhar S, Hunt RH. Role of Helicobacter pylori infection and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in peptic-ulcer disease: a meta-analysis. Lancet 2002; 359 (9300): 14–22.
32. Lim YJ, Hong SJ. Helicobacter pylori infection in nonsteroidal anti-infl ammatory drug users. Korean J Gastroenterol 2014; 64 (2): 70–5.
33. Malfertheiner P, Megraud F, O'Morain CA et al. Management of Helicobacter pylori infection-the Maastricht V/Florence Consensus Report. Gut 2017; 66 (1): 6–30.
34. Lanza FL, Chan FK, Quigley EM. Practice Parameters Committee of the American College of Gastroenterology, Guidelines for prevention of NSAID-related ulcer complications. Am J Gastroenterol 2009; 104 (3): 728–38.
35. Laine L. The role of proton pump inhibitors in NSAID – associated gastropathy and upper gastrointestinal symptoms. Rev Gastroenterol Dis 2003; 3 (4): S30–S39.
36. Micklewright R, Lane S, Linley W et al. Review article: NSAIDs, gastroprotection and cyclo-oxygenase-II-selective inhibitors. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2003; 17 (3): 321–32.
37. Patrignani P, Tacconelli S, Capone ML. Risk management profile of etoricoxib: an example of personalized medicine. Ther Clin Risk Management 2008; 4 (5): 983–97.
38. Trelle S, Reichenbach S, Wandel S et al. Cardiovascular safety of non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs: network meta-analysis. BMJ 2011; 342: 7086.
39. Bombardier C, Laine L, Reicin A et al. Comparison of upper gastrointestinal toxicity of rofecoxib and naproxen in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. N Engl J Med 2000; 343 (21): 1520–8.
40. Schwartz J, Dallob A, Larson P et al. Comparative inhibitory activity of etoricoxib, celecoxib, and diclofenac on COX-2 versus COX-1 in healthy subjects. J Clin Pharmacol 2008; 48 (6): 745–54.
41. Chan F, Lanas A, Scheiman J et al. Celecoxib versus omeprazole and diclofenac in patients with osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis (CONDOR): a randomised trial. Lancet 2010; 376: 173–9.
42. Goldstein J, Eisen G, Lewis B et al. Video capsule endoscopy to prospectively assess small bowel injury with celecoxib, naproxen plus omeprazole, and placebo. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2005; 3: 3–13.
43. Mattia C, Coluzzi F. COX-2 inhibitors: pharmacological data and adverse effects. Minerva Anesthesiology 2005; 71 (7–8): 461–70.
44. Nguyen A, Chaiton A. Cyclooxygenase (COX-2) selective inhibitors: any better than NSAIDs? Can Fam Physician 2001; 47: 1398–400.
45. Laine L. Proton pump inhibitor co-therapy with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs – nice or necessary? Rev Gastroenterol Dis 2004; 4 (Suppl. 4): S33–S41.
46. Vergara M, Catalan M, Gisbert JP et al. Meta-analysis: role of Helicobacter pylori eradication in the prevention of peptic ulcer in NSAID users. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2005; 21: 1411e18.
47. Koch M. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug gastropathy: clinical results with misoprostol. Ital J Gastroenterol Hepatol 1999; 31 (1): S54–S62.
48. Silverstein FE, Graham DY, Senior JR et al. Misoprostol reduces serious gastrointestinal complications in patients with rheumatoid arthritis receiving nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Ann Intern Med 1995; 123 (4): 241–9.
49. Graham Y, White RH, Moreland LW et al. Duodenal and gastric ulcer prevention with misoprostol in arthritis patients taking NSAIDs. Misoprostol Study Group. Ann Intern Med 1993; 119 (4): 257–62.
50. Iinuma S, Naito Y, Yoshikawa T et al. In vitro studies indicating antioxidative properties of rebamipide. Dig Dis Sci 1998; 43 (Suppl. 9): 35S–39S.
51. Yoshida N, Yoshikawa T, Iinuma S et al. Rebamipide protects against activation of neutrophils by Helicobacter pylori. Dig Dis Sci 1996; 41 (6): 1139–44.
52. Naito Y, Yoshikawa T. Rebamipide: a gastrointestinal protective drug with pleiotropic activities. Exp Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2010; 4 (3): 261–70.
53. Zhang S, Qing Q, Bai Y et al. Rebamipide helps defend against nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs induced gastroenteropathy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Dig Dis Sci 2013; 58 (7): 1991–2000.
54. Kim JH, Park SH, Cho CS et al. Preventive efficacy and safety of rebamipid in NSAD-indused toxicity. Gut Liver 2014; 8 (4): 371–79.
55. Park SH, Cho CS, Lee OY et al. Comparison of Prevention of NSAID-Induced Gastrointestinal Complications by Rebamipide and Misoprostol: A Randomized, Multicenter, Controlled Trial-STORM STUDY. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2007; 40 (2): 148–55.
56. Tozawa K, Oshima T, Okugawa T et al. A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study of Rebamipide for Gastric Mucosal Injury Taking Aspirin With or Without Clopidogrel. Dig Dis Sci 2014; 59 (8): 1885–90.
57. Suzuki T, Yoshida N, Nakabe N et al. Prophylactic effect of rebamipide on aspirin-induced gastric lesions and disruption of tight junctional protein zonula occludens-1 distribution. J Pharmacol Sci 2008; 106 (3): 469–77.
1 ФГБОУ ВО «Московский государственный медико-стоматологический университет им. А.И.Евдокимова» Минздрава России. 127473, Россия, Москва, ул. Делегатская, д. 20, стр. 1;
2 ФГБОУ ДПО «Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования» Минздрава России. 125993, Россия, Москва, ул. Баррикадная, д. 2/1;
3 АО «Европейский медицинский центр». 123104, Россия, Москва, Спиридоньевский пер., д. 5, стр. 1
*dna-mit8@mail.ru
________________________________________________
I.V.Maev1, D.N.Andreev*1, D.T.Dicheva1, E.V.Zhilyaev2,3
1 A.I.Evdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. 127473, Russian Federation, Moscow, ul. Delegatskaia, d. 20, str. 1;
2 Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. 125993, Russian Federation, Moscow, ul. Barrikadnaia, d. 2/1;
3 European Medical Center. 123104, Russian Federation, Moscow, Spiridonevskii per., d. 5, str. 1
*dna-mit8@mail.ru