Фибрилляция предсердий при гипертрофической кардиомиопатии: современные аспекты эпидемиологии, факторов риска, патогенеза и фармакотерапии

2. Semsarian C, Ingles J, Maron MS, Maron BJ. New perspectives on the prevalence of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. J Am Coll Cardiol 2015; 65 (12): 1249–54. DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2015. 01.019
3. Maron BJ, Maron MS, Semsarian C. Genetics of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy after 20 years: clinical perspectives. J Am Coll Cardiol 2012; 60 (8): 705–15. DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2012.02. 068
4. Lopes LR, Zekavati A, Syrris P et al. Genetic complexity in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy revealed by high-throughput sequencing. J Med Genet 2013; 50 (4): 228–39. DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2012-101270
5. Kassem HSh, Azer RS, Saber-Ayad M et al. Early results of sarcomeric gene screening from the Egyptian National BA-HCM Program. J Cardiovasc Translat Res 2013; 6 (1): 65–80. DOI: 10.1007/s12265-012-9425-0
6. Van Driest SL, Ommen SR, Tajik AJ et al. Yield of genetic testing in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Mayo Clinic Proceedings 2005; 80 (6): 739–44. DOI: 10.4065/80.6.739
7. Brito D, Miltenberger-Miltenyi G, Vale Pereira S et al. Sarcomeric hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: genetic profile in a Portuguese population. Rev Port Cardiol 2012; 31 (9): 577–87. DOI: 10.1016/j.repc.2011.12.020
8. Morita H, Rehm HL, Menesses A et al. Shared genetic causes of cardiac hypertrophy in children and adults. N Engl J Med 2008; 358 (18): 1899–908. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa075463
9. Alfares AA, Kelly MA, McDermott G et al. Results of clinical genetic testing of 2,912 probands with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: expanded panels offer limited additional sensitivity. Genet Med 2015; 17 (11): 880–8. DOI: 10.1038/gim.2014.205. 
10. Hodatsu A, Konno T, Hayashi K et al. Compound heterozygosity deteriorates phenotypes of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with founder MYBPC3 mutation: evidence from patients and zebrafish models. Am J Physiol – Heart and Circulatory Physiology 2014; 307 (11): H1594–H1604. DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00637.2013
11. Girolami F, Ho CY, Semsarian C et al. Clinical features and outcome of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy associated with triple sarcomere protein gene mutations. J Am Coll Cardiol 2010; 55 (14): 1444–53. DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2009.11.062
12. Li L, Bainbridge MN, Tan Y et al. A potential oligogenic etiology of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: a classic single-gene disorder. Circulation Res 2017; 120: 1084–90. DOI: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.116.310559
13. Cooper RM, Raphael CE, Liebregts M et al. New Developments in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy. Can J Cardiol 2017; 33 (10): 1254–65. DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2017.07.007
14. Marian AJ, Braunwald E. Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: Genetics, Pathogenesis, Clinical Manifestations, Diagnosis, and Therapy. Circulation Res 2017; 121 (7): 749–70. DOI: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.117.311059
15. Eriksson MJ, Sonnenberg B, Woo A et al. Long-term outcome in patients with apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. J Am Coll Cardiol 2002; 39 (4): 638–45. DOI: 10.1016/S0735-1097(01)01778-8
16. Binder J, Attenhofer Jost CH, Klarich KW et al. Apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: prevalence and correlates of apical outpouching. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2011; 24 (7): 775–81. DOI: 10.1016/j.echo.2011.03.002
17. D’Amato R, Tomberli B, Castelli G et al. Prognostic value of N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic Peptide in outpatients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Am J Cardiol 2013; 112 (8): 1190–6. DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2013.06.018
18. Guttmann OP, Rahman MS, O'Mahony C et al. Atrial fibrillation and thromboembolism in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: systematic review. Heart 2014; 100 (6): 465–72. DOI: 10.1136/heartjnl-2013-304276
19. Rowin EJ, Hausvater A, Link MS et al. Clinical Profile and Consequences of Atrial Fibrillation in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy. Circulation 2017. DOI: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.117.029267
20. European Heart Rhythm Association; European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, Camm AJ, Kirchhof P, Lip GY et al. Guidelines for the management of atrial fibrillation: the Task Force for the Management of Atrial Fibrillation of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Eur Heart J 2010; 31 (19): 2369–29. DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehq278
21. Lloyd-Jones DM, Wang TJ, Leip EP et al. Lifetime risk for development of atrial fibrillation: the Framingham Heart Study. Circulation 2004; 110 (9): 1042–6. DOI: 10.1161/01.CIR. 0000140263.20897.42
22. Kirchhof P, Benussi S, Kotecha D et al. 2016 ESC Guidelines for the management of atrial fibrillation developed in collaboration with EACTS. Eur Heart J 2016; 37 (38): 2893–962. DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehw210
23. Camm CF, Camm AJ. Atrial Fibrillation and Anticoagulation in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy. Arrhythm and Electrophysiol Rev 2017; 6 (2): 63–8. DOI: 10.15420/aer.2017.4.2
24. Крылова Н.С., Демкина А.Е., Хашиева Ф.М. и др. Фибрилляция и трепетание предсердий у больных с гипертрофической кардиомиопатией. Рос. кардиол. журн. 2015; 5: 64–70. DOI: 10.15829/1560-4071-2015-5-64-70. / Krylova N.S., Demkina A.E., Khashieva F.M. i dr. Fibrilliatsiia i trepetanie predserdii u bol'nykh s gipertroficheskoi kardiomiopatiei. Ros. kardiol. zhurn. 2015; 5: 64–70. DOI: 10.15829/1560-4071-2015-5-64-70. [in Russian]
25. Gruver EJ, Fatkin D, Dodds GA et al. Familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and atrial fibrillation caused by Arg663His beta-cardiac myosin heavy chain mutation. Am J Cardiol 1999; 83 (12A): 13H–18H. DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9149(99)00251-9
26. Ogimoto A, Hamada M, Nakura J et al. Relation between angiotensin-converting enzyme II genotype and atrial fibrillation in Japanese patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. J Hum Genet 2002; 47 (4): 184–9. DOI: 10.1007/s100380200021
27. Spirito P, Autore C, Formisano F et al. Risk of sudden death and outcome in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with benign presentation and without risk factors. Am J Cardiol 2014; 113 (9): 1550–5. DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2014.01.435 
28. Tani T, Tanabe K, Ono M et al. Left atrial volume and the risk of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2004; 17 (6): 644–8. DOI: 10.1016/j.echo.2004.02.010
29. Olivotto I, Cecchi F, Casey SA et al. Impact of atrial fibrillation on the clinical course of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Circulation 2001; 104 (21): 2517–24. DOI: 10.1161/hc4601.097997 
30. Losi MA, Betocchi S, Aversa M et al. Determinants of atrial fibrillation development in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Am J Cardiol 2004; 94 (1): 895–900. DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2004.06.024 
31. Siontis KC, Geske JB, Ong K et al. Atrial fibrillation in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: prevalence, clinical correlations, and mortality in a large high-risk population. J Am Heart Association 2014; 3 (3): e001002. DOI: 10.1161/JAHA.114.001002 
32. Doesch C, Lossnitzer D, Rudic B et al. Right ventricular and right atrial involvement can predict atrial fibrillation in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy? Int J Med Sci 2016; 13 (1): 1–7. DOI: 10.7150/ijms.13530 
33. Autore C, Bernabo P, Barilla CS et al. The prognostic importance of left ventricular outflow obstruction in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy varies in relation to the severity of symptoms. J Am Coll Cardiol 2005; 45 (7): 1076–80. DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2004.12.067 
34. Maron BJ, Olivotto I, Spirito P et al. Epidemiology of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy-related death: revisited in a large non-referral-based patient population. Circulation 2000; 102 (8): 858–64. DOI: 10.1161/01.CIR.102.8.858 
35. Yang WI, Shim CY, Kim YJ et al. Left atrial volume index: a predictor of adverse outcome in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2009; 22 (12): 1338–43. DOI: 10.1016/j.echo.2009.09.016 
36. Desai MY, Bhonsale A, Smedira NG et al. Predictors of long-term outcomes in symptomatic hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy patients undergoing surgical relief of left ventricular outflow tract obstruction. Circulation 2013; 128 (3): 209–16. DOI: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.112.000849 
37. Ohe T. Results from the Kochi RYOMA Study. Atrial fibrillation is a major risk of morbidity in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Сirculation J 2009; 73 (9): 1589–90. DOI: 10.1253/circj.CJ-09-0433 
38. Tian T, Wang Y, Sun K et al. Clinical profile and prognostic significance of atrial fibrillation in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Cardiology 2013; 126 (4): 258–64. DOI: 10.1159/000354953 
39. Ash-Bernal R, Peterson LR. The cardiometabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease. J Cardiometabolic Syndrome. 2006; 1 (1): 25–8. DOI: 10.1111/j.0197-3118.2006.05452.x 
40. Umetani K, Kodama Y, Nakamura T et al. High prevalence of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation and/or atrial flutter in metabolic syndrome. Circulation J 2007; 71 (2): 252–5. DOI: 10.1253/circj.71.252 
41. Watanabe H, Tanabe N, Watanabe T et al. Metabolic syndrome and risk of development of atrial fibrillation. The Niigata preventive medicine study. Circulation 2008; 117 (10): 1255–60. DOI: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.744466 
42. ВНОК. Национальные рекомендации по диагностике и лечению метаболического синдрома. Кардиоваск. терапия и профилактика. 2007; 6 (6), Прил. 2. / VNOK. Nacionalnye rekomendacii po diagnostike i lecheniyu metabolicheskogo sindroma. Kardiovask. terapiya i profilaktika. 2007; 6 (6), Pril. 2. [in Russian]
43. Баранова Е.И., Листопад О.В., Соболева А.В., Яцук Д.И. Гипертоническая болезнь и другие причины фибрилляции предсердий у пациентов, госпитализированных в терапевтическую клинику. Кардиология: новости, мнения, обучение. 2013; 1: 85–92. / Baranova E.I., Listopad O.V., Soboleva A.V., Yacuk D.I. Gipertonicheskaya bolezn i drugie prichiny fibrillyacii predserdiĭ u pacientov, gospitalizirovannyh v terapevticheskuyu kliniku. Kardiologiya: novosti, mneniya, obuchenie. 2013; 1: 85–92. [in Russian]
44. Nguyen JT, Benditt DG. Atrial fibrillation susceptibility in metabolic syndrome: simply the sum of its parts? Circulation 2008; 117 (10): 1249–51. DOI: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.760777 
45. Russo C, Jin Z, Homma S et al. Effect of Obesity and Overweight on Left Ventricular Diastolic Function: a Community-based Study in an Elderly Cohort. J Am Col Cardiol 2011; 57 (12): 1368–74. DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2010.10.042 
46. Ruige JB, Assendelft WJ, Dekker JM et al. Insulin and risk of cardiovascular disease: a meta-analysis. Circulation 1998; 97 (10): 996–1001. DOI: 10.1161/01.CIR.97.10.996 
47. Savage DB, Petersen KF, Shulman GI. Mechanisms of insulin resistance in humans and possible links with inflammation. Hypertension 2005; 45 (5): 828–33. DOI: 10.1161/01.HYP. 0000163475.04421.e4 
48. Chung MK, Martin DO, Sprecher D et al. C-reactive protein elevation in patients with atrial arrhythmias: inflammatory mechanisms and persistence of atrial fibrillation. Circulation 2001; 104 (24): 2886–91. DOI: 10.1161/hc4901.101760 
49. Mihm MJ, Yu F, Carnes CA et al. Impaired myofibrillar energetics and oxidative injury during human atrial fibrillation. Circulation 2001; 104 (2): 174–80. DOI: 10.1161/01.CIR.104.2.174 
50. Murakami K, Shigematsu Y, Hamada M, Higaki J. Insulin resistance in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Circulation J 2004; 68 (7): 650–5. DOI: 10.1253/circj.68.650 
51. Harano Y, Suzuki M, Koyama Y et al. Multifactorial insulin resistance and clinical impact in hypertension and cardiovascular diseases. J Diabetes Complications 2002; 16 (1): 19–23. DOI: 10.1016/S1056-8727(01)00192-1 
52. Shigematsu Y, Hamada M, Nagai T et al. Risk for atrial fibrillation in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: association with insulin resistance. J Cardiol 2011; 58 (1): 18–25. DOI: 10.1016/j.jjcc.2011.03.001 
53. Gersh BJ, Maron BJ, Bonow RO et al. 2011 ACCF/AHA Guideline for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: Executive Summary: A Report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. Circulation 2011; 124: e783–831. DOI: 10.1161/CIR.0b013e318223e2bd
54. Cooper RM, Raphael CE, Liebregts M et al. New Developments in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy. Can J Cardiol 2017; 33 (10): 1254–65. DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2017.07.007 
55. Moore JC, Trager L, Anzia LE et al. Dofetilide for suppression of atrial fibrillation in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: A case series and literature review. Pacing ClinElectrophysiol 2018. DOI: 10.1111/pace.13310. 
56. Ammirati E, Contri R, Coppini R et al. Pharmacological treatment of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: current practice and novel perspectives. Eur J Heart Failure 2016; 18 (9): 1106–18. DOI: 10.1002/ejhf.541 
57. Quintana E, Cox JL. Surgical management of atrial fibrillation at the time of septal myectomy. Ann Cardiothoracic Surg 2017; 6 (4): 386–93. DOI: 10.21037/acs.2017.05.08.
58. January CT, Wann LS, AJS Calkins H et al.; ACC/AHA Task Force Members. 2014 AHA/ACC/HRS guideline for the management of patients with atrial fibrillation: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on practice guidelines and the Heart Rhythm Society. Circulation 2014; 130: e199–267. DOI: 10.1161/CIR.0000000000000041 
59. JCS Joint Working Group. Guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (JCS 2012) – digest version. Circulation J 2016; 80: 753–74. DOI: 10.1253/circj.CJ-66-0122 
60. JCS Joint Working Group. Guidelines for pharmacotherapy of atrial fibrillation (JCS 2013). Circulation J 2014; 78: 1997–2021. DOI: 10.1253/circj.CJ-66-0092 
61. Лебедев Д.С., Михайлов Е.Н., Гуреев С.В. и др. Катетерная аблация хронической фибрилляции предсердий у пациента с гипертрофической кардиомиопатией. Вестн. аритмологии. 2008; 51: 72–4. / Lebedev D.S., Mihajlov E.N., Gureev S.V. i dr. Kateternaya ablaciya hronicheskoj fibrillyacii predserdij u pacienta s gipertroficheskoj kardiomiopatiej. Vestn. aritmologii. 2008; 51: 72–4. [in Russian]
62. Ikenaga H, Nakano Y, Oda N et al. Radiofrequency catheter ablation is effective for atrial fibrillation patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy by decreasing left atrial pressure. J Arrhythmia 2017; 33 (4): 256–61. DOI: 10.1016/j.joa.2016.08.006 
63. Providencia R, Elliott P, Patel K et al. Catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Heart (British Cardiac Society) 2016; 102 (19): 1533–43. DOI: 10.1136/heartjnl-2016-309406 
64. Maagh P, Plehn G, Christoph A et al. Impact of Cryoballoon Ablation in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy-related Heart Failure due to Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation. A Comparative Case Series. Int J Med Sci 2016; 13 (9): 664–72. DOI: 10.7150/ijms.16181 
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________________________________________________

1. Authors/Task Force members, Elliott PM, Anastasakis A, Borger MA et al. 2014 ESC Guidelines on diagnosis and management of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: the Task Force for the Diagnosis and Management of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Eur Heart J 2014; 35 (39): 2733–79. DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehu284
2. Semsarian C, Ingles J, Maron MS, Maron BJ. New perspectives on the prevalence of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. J Am Coll Cardiol 2015; 65 (12): 1249–54. DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2015. 01.019
3. Maron BJ, Maron MS, Semsarian C. Genetics of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy after 20 years: clinical perspectives. J Am Coll Cardiol 2012; 60 (8): 705–15. DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2012.02. 068
4. Lopes LR, Zekavati A, Syrris P et al. Genetic complexity in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy revealed by high-throughput sequencing. J Med Genet 2013; 50 (4): 228–39. DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2012-101270
5. Kassem HSh, Azer RS, Saber-Ayad M et al. Early results of sarcomeric gene screening from the Egyptian National BA-HCM Program. J Cardiovasc Translat Res 2013; 6 (1): 65–80. DOI: 10.1007/s12265-012-9425-0
6. Van Driest SL, Ommen SR, Tajik AJ et al. Yield of genetic testing in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Mayo Clinic Proceedings 2005; 80 (6): 739–44. DOI: 10.4065/80.6.739
7. Brito D, Miltenberger-Miltenyi G, Vale Pereira S et al. Sarcomeric hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: genetic profile in a Portuguese population. Rev Port Cardiol 2012; 31 (9): 577–87. DOI: 10.1016/j.repc.2011.12.020
8. Morita H, Rehm HL, Menesses A et al. Shared genetic causes of cardiac hypertrophy in children and adults. N Engl J Med 2008; 358 (18): 1899–908. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa075463
9. Alfares AA, Kelly MA, McDermott G et al. Results of clinical genetic testing of 2,912 probands with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: expanded panels offer limited additional sensitivity. Genet Med 2015; 17 (11): 880–8. DOI: 10.1038/gim.2014.205. 
10. Hodatsu A, Konno T, Hayashi K et al. Compound heterozygosity deteriorates phenotypes of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with founder MYBPC3 mutation: evidence from patients and zebrafish models. Am J Physiol – Heart and Circulatory Physiology 2014; 307 (11): H1594–H1604. DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00637.2013
11. Girolami F, Ho CY, Semsarian C et al. Clinical features and outcome of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy associated with triple sarcomere protein gene mutations. J Am Coll Cardiol 2010; 55 (14): 1444–53. DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2009.11.062
12. Li L, Bainbridge MN, Tan Y et al. A potential oligogenic etiology of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: a classic single-gene disorder. Circulation Res 2017; 120: 1084–90. DOI: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.116.310559
13. Cooper RM, Raphael CE, Liebregts M et al. New Developments in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy. Can J Cardiol 2017; 33 (10): 1254–65. DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2017.07.007
14. Marian AJ, Braunwald E. Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: Genetics, Pathogenesis, Clinical Manifestations, Diagnosis, and Therapy. Circulation Res 2017; 121 (7): 749–70. DOI: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.117.311059
15. Eriksson MJ, Sonnenberg B, Woo A et al. Long-term outcome in patients with apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. J Am Coll Cardiol 2002; 39 (4): 638–45. DOI: 10.1016/S0735-1097(01)01778-8
16. Binder J, Attenhofer Jost CH, Klarich KW et al. Apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: prevalence and correlates of apical outpouching. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2011; 24 (7): 775–81. DOI: 10.1016/j.echo.2011.03.002
17. D’Amato R, Tomberli B, Castelli G et al. Prognostic value of N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic Peptide in outpatients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Am J Cardiol 2013; 112 (8): 1190–6. DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2013.06.018
18. Guttmann OP, Rahman MS, O'Mahony C et al. Atrial fibrillation and thromboembolism in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: systematic review. Heart 2014; 100 (6): 465–72. DOI: 10.1136/heartjnl-2013-304276
19. Rowin EJ, Hausvater A, Link MS et al. Clinical Profile and Consequences of Atrial Fibrillation in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy. Circulation 2017. DOI: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.117.029267
20. European Heart Rhythm Association; European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, Camm AJ, Kirchhof P, Lip GY et al. Guidelines for the management of atrial fibrillation: the Task Force for the Management of Atrial Fibrillation of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Eur Heart J 2010; 31 (19): 2369–29. DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehq278
21. Lloyd-Jones DM, Wang TJ, Leip EP et al. Lifetime risk for development of atrial fibrillation: the Framingham Heart Study. Circulation 2004; 110 (9): 1042–6. DOI: 10.1161/01.CIR. 0000140263.20897.42
22. Kirchhof P, Benussi S, Kotecha D et al. 2016 ESC Guidelines for the management of atrial fibrillation developed in collaboration with EACTS. Eur Heart J 2016; 37 (38): 2893–962. DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehw210
23. Camm CF, Camm AJ. Atrial Fibrillation and Anticoagulation in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy. Arrhythm and Electrophysiol Rev 2017; 6 (2): 63–8. DOI: 10.15420/aer.2017.4.2
24. Krylova N.S., Demkina A.E., Khashieva F.M. i dr. Fibrilliatsiia i trepetanie predserdii u bol'nykh s gipertroficheskoi kardiomiopatiei. Ros. kardiol. zhurn. 2015; 5: 64–70. DOI: 10.15829/1560-4071-2015-5-64-70. [in Russian]
25. Gruver EJ, Fatkin D, Dodds GA et al. Familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and atrial fibrillation caused by Arg663His beta-cardiac myosin heavy chain mutation. Am J Cardiol 1999; 83 (12A): 13H–18H. DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9149(99)00251-9
26. Ogimoto A, Hamada M, Nakura J et al. Relation between angiotensin-converting enzyme II genotype and atrial fibrillation in Japanese patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. J Hum Genet 2002; 47 (4): 184–9. DOI: 10.1007/s100380200021
27. Spirito P, Autore C, Formisano F et al. Risk of sudden death and outcome in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with benign presentation and without risk factors. Am J Cardiol 2014; 113 (9): 1550–5. DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2014.01.435 
28. Tani T, Tanabe K, Ono M et al. Left atrial volume and the risk of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2004; 17 (6): 644–8. DOI: 10.1016/j.echo.2004.02.010
29. Olivotto I, Cecchi F, Casey SA et al. Impact of atrial fibrillation on the clinical course of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Circulation 2001; 104 (21): 2517–24. DOI: 10.1161/hc4601.097997 
30. Losi MA, Betocchi S, Aversa M et al. Determinants of atrial fibrillation development in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Am J Cardiol 2004; 94 (1): 895–900. DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2004.06.024 
31. Siontis KC, Geske JB, Ong K et al. Atrial fibrillation in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: prevalence, clinical correlations, and mortality in a large high-risk population. J Am Heart Association 2014; 3 (3): e001002. DOI: 10.1161/JAHA.114.001002 
32. Doesch C, Lossnitzer D, Rudic B et al. Right ventricular and right atrial involvement can predict atrial fibrillation in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy? Int J Med Sci 2016; 13 (1): 1–7. DOI: 10.7150/ijms.13530 
33. Autore C, Bernabo P, Barilla CS et al. The prognostic importance of left ventricular outflow obstruction in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy varies in relation to the severity of symptoms. J Am Coll Cardiol 2005; 45 (7): 1076–80. DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2004.12.067 
34. Maron BJ, Olivotto I, Spirito P et al. Epidemiology of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy-related death: revisited in a large non-referral-based patient population. Circulation 2000; 102 (8): 858–64. DOI: 10.1161/01.CIR.102.8.858 
35. Yang WI, Shim CY, Kim YJ et al. Left atrial volume index: a predictor of adverse outcome in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2009; 22 (12): 1338–43. DOI: 10.1016/j.echo.2009.09.016 
36. Desai MY, Bhonsale A, Smedira NG et al. Predictors of long-term outcomes in symptomatic hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy patients undergoing surgical relief of left ventricular outflow tract obstruction. Circulation 2013; 128 (3): 209–16. DOI: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.112.000849 
37. Ohe T. Results from the Kochi RYOMA Study. Atrial fibrillation is a major risk of morbidity in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Сirculation J 2009; 73 (9): 1589–90. DOI: 10.1253/circj.CJ-09-0433 
38. Tian T, Wang Y, Sun K et al. Clinical profile and prognostic significance of atrial fibrillation in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Cardiology 2013; 126 (4): 258–64. DOI: 10.1159/000354953 
39. Ash-Bernal R, Peterson LR. The cardiometabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease. J Cardiometabolic Syndrome. 2006; 1 (1): 25–8. DOI: 10.1111/j.0197-3118.2006.05452.x 
40. Umetani K, Kodama Y, Nakamura T et al. High prevalence of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation and/or atrial flutter in metabolic syndrome. Circulation J 2007; 71 (2): 252–5. DOI: 10.1253/circj.71.252 
41. Watanabe H, Tanabe N, Watanabe T et al. Metabolic syndrome and risk of development of atrial fibrillation. The Niigata preventive medicine study. Circulation 2008; 117 (10): 1255–60. DOI: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.744466 
42. VNOK. Nacionalnye rekomendacii po diagnostike i lecheniyu metabolicheskogo sindroma. Kardiovask. terapiya i profilaktika. 2007; 6 (6), Pril. 2. [in Russian]
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44. Nguyen JT, Benditt DG. Atrial fibrillation susceptibility in metabolic syndrome: simply the sum of its parts? Circulation 2008; 117 (10): 1249–51. DOI: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.760777 
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А.А.Стрельцова*1, А.Я.Гудкова1,2, А.А.Костарева1,2

1 ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр им. В.А.Алмазова» Минздрава России. 197341, Россия, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Аккуратова, д. 2;
2 ФГБОУ ВО «Первый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет им. акад. И.П.Павлова» Минздрава России. 197022, Россия, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Льва Толстого, д. 6/8
*anikas1985@gmail.com

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