2. World Gastroenterology Organization practice guideline: Probiotics and prebiotics. Arab J Gastroenterol 2009: 10 (1): 33–42.
3. Reid G, Jass J, Sebulski MT, McCormick JK. Potential uses of probiotics in clinical practice. Clin Microbiol Rev 2003; 16 (4): 658–72.
4. Huang J, Bousvaros A, Lee J et al. Efficacy of probiotic use in acute diarrhea in children, a meta-analysis. Dig Dis Sci 2002; 47 (11): 2625–34.
5. Van Niel CW, Feudtner C, Garrison MM et al. Lactobacillus therapy for acute infectious diarrhea in children: a meta-analysis. Pediatrics 2002; 109 (4): 678–84.
6. Szajewska H, Skorka A, Dylag M. Meta-analysis: Saccharomyces boulardii for treating acute diarrhoea in children. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2007; 25: 257–64.
7. Allen SJ, Martinez EG, Gregorio GV et al. Probiotics for treating acute infectious diarrhea. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2010: CD003048.
8. Szajewska H, Skorka A, Ruszczynski M et al. Meta-analysis: Lactobacillus GG for treating acute gastroenteritis in children – updated analysis of randomised controlled trials. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2013; 38: 467–76.
9. Szajewska H, Urbanska M, Chmielewska A et al. Meta-analysis: Lactobacillus reuteri strain DSM 17938 (and the original strain ATCC 55730) for treating acute gastroenteritis in children. Benef Microbes 2014; 5: 285–93.
10. WGO. Probiotics and Prebiotics. World Gastroenterology Organization. 2012. http: //www.worldgastroenterology.org/guidelines/global-guidelines/acute-diarrhea/acute-diarrhea-russian. Accessed 2018.
11. Szajewska H, Guarino A, Hojsak I et al. European Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition. Use of probiotics for management of acute gastroenteritis: a position paper by the ESPGHAN Working Group for Probiotics and Prebiotics. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2014; 58 (4): 531–9.
12. McFarland L.V. Epidemiology, risk factors and treatments for antibiotic-associated diarrhea. Dig Dis 1998; 16: 292–307.
13. La Rosa M, Bottaro G, Gulino N et al. Prevention of antibiotic-associated diarrhea with Lactobacillus sporogens and fructo-oligosaccharides in children. A multicentric double-blind vs placebo study. Minerva Pediatr 2003, 55: 447–52.
14. Castagliuolo I, Riegler MF, Valenick L et al. Saccharomyces boulardii protease inhibits the effects of Clostridium difficile toxins A and B in human colonic mucosa. Infect Immun 1999; 67: 302–7.
15. D'Souza AL, Rajkumar C, Cooke J et al. Probiotics in prevention of antibiotic associated diarrhoea: meta-analysis. BMJ 2002; 324: 1361.
16. Cremonini F, Di Caro S, Nista EC et al. Meta-analysis: the effect of probiotic administration on antibiotic-associated diarrhoea. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2002; 16 (8): 1461–7.
17. Johnston BC, Supina AL, Vohra S. Probiotics for pediatric antibiotic-associated diarrhea: a meta-analysis of randomized placebo-controlled trials. CMAJ 2006; 175 (4): 377–83.
18. Szajewska H, Ruszczyński M, Radzikowski A. Probiotics in the prevention of antibiotic-associated diarrhea in children: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Pediatr 2006; 149 (3): 367–72.
19. Johnston BC, Goldenberg JZ, Vandvik PO et al. Probiotics for the prevention of pediatric antibiotic-associated diarrhea. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2011; 11: CD004827.
20. Hempel S, Newberry SJ, Maher AR et al. Probiotics for the prevention and treatment of antibiotic-associated diarrhea: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA 2012; 307: 1959–69.
21. Goldenberg JZ, Ma SS, Saxton JD et al. Probiotics for the prevention of Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea in adults and children. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2013; 5: CD006095.
22. McFarland LV. Deciphering meta-analytic results: a mini-review of probiotics for the prevention of paediatric antibiotic-associated diarrhoea and Clostridium difficile infections. Benef Microbes 2015; 6: 189–94.
23. Goldenberg JZ, Lytvyn L, Steurich J et al. Probiotics for the prevention of pediatric antibiotic-associated diarrhea. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2015: CD004827.
24. Szajewska H, Kołodziej M. Systematic review with meta-analysis: Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG in the prevention of antibiotic-associated diarrhoea in children and adults. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2015; 42 (10): 1149–57.
25. Szajewska H, Canani RB, Guarino A et al. Probiotics for the Prevention of Antibiotic-Associated Diarrhea in Children. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2016; 62 (3): 495–506.
26. Jarosz M, Rychlik E, Siuba M et al. Dietary and socio-economic factors in relation to Helicobacter pylori re-infection. World J Gastroenterol 2009; 15: 1119–25.
27. Gong Y, Li Y, Sun Q. Probiotics improve efficacy and tolerability of triple therapy to eradicate Helicobacter pylori: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Int J Clin Exp Med 2015; 8: 6530–43.
28. Wang ZH, Gao QY, Fang JY. Meta-analysis of the efficacy and safety of Lactobacillus-containing and Bifidobacterium-containing probiotic compound preparation in Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy. J Clin Gastroenterol 2013; 47: 25–32.
29. Zheng X, Lyu L, Mei Z. Lactobacillus-containing probiotic supplementation increases Helicobacter pylori eradication rate: evidence from a meta-analysis. Rev Esp Enferm Dig 2013; 105: 445–53.
30. Li S, Huang XL, Sui JZ et al. Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials on the efficacy of probiotics in Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy in children. Eur J Pediatr 2014; 173: 153–61.
31. Zhang MM, Qian W, Qin YY et al. Probiotics in Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21: 4345–7.
32. Tong JL, Ran ZH, Shen J et al. Meta-analysis: the effect of supplementation with probiotics on eradication rates and adverse events during Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2007; 25: 155–68.
33. Zou J, Dong J, Yu X. Meta-analysis: Lactobacillus containing quadruple therapy versus standard triple first-line therapy for Helicobacter pylori eradication. Helicobacter 2009; 14: 97–107.
34. Lü M, Yu S, Deng J. Efficacy of Probiotic Supplementation Therapy for Helicobacter pylori Eradication: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. PLoS One 2016; 11 (10): e0163743.
35. Malfertheiner P, Megraud F, O'Morain CA et al. European Helicobacter Study Group Management of Helicobacter pylori infection – the Maastricht IV/Florence Consensus Report. Gut 2012; 61: 646–64.
36. Malfertheiner P, Megraud F, O'Morain CA et al. Management of Helicobacter pylori infection – the Maastricht V/Florence Consensus Report. Gut 2017; 66 (1): 6–30.
37. Loesche WJ. Baron’s Medical Microbiology. 4th Ed. University of Texas Medical Branch, 1996.
38. Basu S, Chatterjee M, Ganguly S et al. Effect of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG in persistent diarrhea in Indian children: a randomized controlled trial. J Clin Gastroenterol 2007; 41 (8): 756–60.

________________________________________________

1. Reid G. Regulatory and clinical aspects of dairy probiotics. FAO/WHO Expert Consultation on Evaluation of Health and Nutritional Properties of Powder Milk with Live Lactic Acid Bacteria. Cordoba, Argentina, 2001; p. 1–34.
2. World Gastroenterology Organization practice guideline: Probiotics and prebiotics. Arab J Gastroenterol 2009: 10 (1): 33–42.
3. Reid G, Jass J, Sebulski MT, McCormick JK. Potential uses of probiotics in clinical practice. Clin Microbiol Rev 2003; 16 (4): 658–72.
4. Huang J, Bousvaros A, Lee J et al. Efficacy of probiotic use in acute diarrhea in children, a meta-analysis. Dig Dis Sci 2002; 47 (11): 2625–34.
5. Van Niel CW, Feudtner C, Garrison MM et al. Lactobacillus therapy for acute infectious diarrhea in children: a meta-analysis. Pediatrics 2002; 109 (4): 678–84.
6. Szajewska H, Skorka A, Dylag M. Meta-analysis: Saccharomyces boulardii for treating acute diarrhoea in children. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2007; 25: 257–64.
7. Allen SJ, Martinez EG, Gregorio GV et al. Probiotics for treating acute infectious diarrhea. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2010: CD003048.
8. Szajewska H, Skorka A, Ruszczynski M et al. Meta-analysis: Lactobacillus GG for treating acute gastroenteritis in children – updated analysis of randomised controlled trials. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2013; 38: 467–76.
9. Szajewska H, Urbanska M, Chmielewska A et al. Meta-analysis: Lactobacillus reuteri strain DSM 17938 (and the original strain ATCC 55730) for treating acute gastroenteritis in children. Benef Microbes 2014; 5: 285–93.
10. WGO. Probiotics and Prebiotics. World Gastroenterology Organization. 2012. http: //www.worldgastroenterology.org/guidelines/global-guidelines/acute-diarrhea/acute-diarrhea-russian. Accessed 2018.
11. Szajewska H, Guarino A, Hojsak I et al. European Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition. Use of probiotics for management of acute gastroenteritis: a position paper by the ESPGHAN Working Group for Probiotics and Prebiotics. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2014; 58 (4): 531–9.
12. McFarland L.V. Epidemiology, risk factors and treatments for antibiotic-associated diarrhea. Dig Dis 1998; 16: 292–307.
13. La Rosa M, Bottaro G, Gulino N et al. Prevention of antibiotic-associated diarrhea with Lactobacillus sporogens and fructo-oligosaccharides in children. A multicentric double-blind vs placebo study. Minerva Pediatr 2003, 55: 447–52.
14. Castagliuolo I, Riegler MF, Valenick L et al. Saccharomyces boulardii protease inhibits the effects of Clostridium difficile toxins A and B in human colonic mucosa. Infect Immun 1999; 67: 302–7.
15. D'Souza AL, Rajkumar C, Cooke J et al. Probiotics in prevention of antibiotic associated diarrhoea: meta-analysis. BMJ 2002; 324: 1361.
16. Cremonini F, Di Caro S, Nista EC et al. Meta-analysis: the effect of probiotic administration on antibiotic-associated diarrhoea. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2002; 16 (8): 1461–7.
17. Johnston BC, Supina AL, Vohra S. Probiotics for pediatric antibiotic-associated diarrhea: a meta-analysis of randomized placebo-controlled trials. CMAJ 2006; 175 (4): 377–83.
18. Szajewska H, Ruszczyński M, Radzikowski A. Probiotics in the prevention of antibiotic-associated diarrhea in children: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Pediatr 2006; 149 (3): 367–72.
19. Johnston BC, Goldenberg JZ, Vandvik PO et al. Probiotics for the prevention of pediatric antibiotic-associated diarrhea. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2011; 11: CD004827.
20. Hempel S, Newberry SJ, Maher AR et al. Probiotics for the prevention and treatment of antibiotic-associated diarrhea: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA 2012; 307: 1959–69.
21. Goldenberg JZ, Ma SS, Saxton JD et al. Probiotics for the prevention of Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea in adults and children. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2013; 5: CD006095.
22. McFarland LV. Deciphering meta-analytic results: a mini-review of probiotics for the prevention of paediatric antibiotic-associated diarrhoea and Clostridium difficile infections. Benef Microbes 2015; 6: 189–94.
23. Goldenberg JZ, Lytvyn L, Steurich J et al. Probiotics for the prevention of pediatric antibiotic-associated diarrhea. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2015: CD004827.
24. Szajewska H, Kołodziej M. Systematic review with meta-analysis: Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG in the prevention of antibiotic-associated diarrhoea in children and adults. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2015; 42 (10): 1149–57.
25. Szajewska H, Canani RB, Guarino A et al. Probiotics for the Prevention of Antibiotic-Associated Diarrhea in Children. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2016; 62 (3): 495–506.
26. Jarosz M, Rychlik E, Siuba M et al. Dietary and socio-economic factors in relation to Helicobacter pylori re-infection. World J Gastroenterol 2009; 15: 1119–25.
27. Gong Y, Li Y, Sun Q. Probiotics improve efficacy and tolerability of triple therapy to eradicate Helicobacter pylori: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Int J Clin Exp Med 2015; 8: 6530–43.
28. Wang ZH, Gao QY, Fang JY. Meta-analysis of the efficacy and safety of Lactobacillus-containing and Bifidobacterium-containing probiotic compound preparation in Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy. J Clin Gastroenterol 2013; 47: 25–32.
29. Zheng X, Lyu L, Mei Z. Lactobacillus-containing probiotic supplementation increases Helicobacter pylori eradication rate: evidence from a meta-analysis. Rev Esp Enferm Dig 2013; 105: 445–53.
30. Li S, Huang XL, Sui JZ et al. Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials on the efficacy of probiotics in Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy in children. Eur J Pediatr 2014; 173: 153–61.
31. Zhang MM, Qian W, Qin YY et al. Probiotics in Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21: 4345–7.
32. Tong JL, Ran ZH, Shen J et al. Meta-analysis: the effect of supplementation with probiotics on eradication rates and adverse events during Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2007; 25: 155–68.
33. Zou J, Dong J, Yu X. Meta-analysis: Lactobacillus containing quadruple therapy versus standard triple first-line therapy for Helicobacter pylori eradication. Helicobacter 2009; 14: 97–107.
34. Lü M, Yu S, Deng J. Efficacy of Probiotic Supplementation Therapy for Helicobacter pylori Eradication: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. PLoS One 2016; 11 (10): e0163743.
35. Malfertheiner P, Megraud F, O'Morain CA et al. European Helicobacter Study Group Management of Helicobacter pylori infection – the Maastricht IV/Florence Consensus Report. Gut 2012; 61: 646–64.
36. Malfertheiner P, Megraud F, O'Morain CA et al. Management of Helicobacter pylori infection – the Maastricht V/Florence Consensus Report. Gut 2017; 66 (1): 6–30.
37. Loesche WJ. Baron’s Medical Microbiology. 4th Ed. University of Texas Medical Branch, 1996.
38. Basu S, Chatterjee M, Ganguly S et al. Effect of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG in persistent diarrhea in Indian children: a randomized controlled trial. J Clin Gastroenterol 2007; 41 (8): 756–60.

И.В.Андреева*, О.У.Стецюк

ФГБОУ ВО «Смоленский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России. 214019, Россия, Смоленск, ул. Крупской, д. 28
*Irina.Andreeva@antibiotic.ru

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