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Лечение декомпенсированного цирроза печени. Часть I. Асцит и спонтанный бактериальный перитонит
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Pimanov S.I., Makarenko E.V. Treatment of patients with decompensated cirrhosis of the liver. P. I. Ascites and hyponatremia. Gastroenterology. Surgery. Intensive care. Consilium Medicum. 2018; 2: 21–25. DOI: 10.26442/26583739.2018.2.180096
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Ключевые слова: цирроз печени, асцит, гипонатриемия, лечение цирроза печени, диуретики, спиронолактон, парацентез, альбумин.
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The aim of the study was to discuss the Clinical Practice Guidelines for the management of patients with decompensated cirrhosis of the European Association the Study of the Liver. The management of patients with decompensated cirrhosis should be based on preventing cirrhosis progression thanks to the elimination of the etiological factor. This is possible in results of the treatment of viral cirrhosis C and B, as well as in the case of alcoholic cirrhosis due to complete abstinence from alcohol intake. Patients with long-standing or recurrent ascites should be treated with at the first step a combination of spironolactone 100 mg/day and furosemide 40 mg/day, the dose of which should be increased sequentially stepwise for spironolactone to 400 mg/day and for furosemide to 160 mg/day. During diuretic therapy a maximum weight loss of 0.5 kg/day in patients without oedema. Paracentesis is the first-line therapy in patients with large ascites. Diuretic therapy is generally not recommended in patients with persistent overt hepatic encephalopathy. Angiotensin-converting-enyzme inhibitors, angiotensin II antagonists, or a1-adrenergic receptor blockers should not generally be used in patients with ascites. The removal of the cause and administration of normal saline are recommended in the management of hypovolemic hyponatremia. Fluid restriction to 1000 ml/day is recommended in the management of hypervolemic hyponatremia.
Key words: liver cirrhosis, ascites, hyponatremia, treatment of ascites, diuretics, spironolactone, paracentesis, albumin.
2. Angeli P, Bernardi M, Villanueva C et al. EASL Clinical Practice Guidelines for the management of patients with decompensated cirrhosis. J Hepatol 2018; 69: 406–60.
3. Пиманов С.И., Макаренко Е.В., Солодовникова О.И. Новое руководство Американской коллегии гастроэнтерологов по алкогольной болезни печени: в центре внимания – гепатит. Consilium Medicum. 2018; 20 (8): 58–66. / Pimanov S.I., Makarenko E.V., Solodovnikova O.I. The new guideline of the American college of gastroenterologists on alcoholic liver disease: the hepatitis is in the spotlight. Consilium Medicum. 2018; 20 (8): 58–66.
4. Caraceni P, Riggio O, Angeli P et al. Long-term albumin administration in decompensated cirrhosis (ANSWER): an open-label randomised trial. Lancet 2018; 391 (10138): 2417–29.
5. Lebrec D, Thabut D, Oberti F et al. Pentoxifylline does not decrease short-term mortality but does reduce complications in patients with advanced cirrhosis. Gastroenterology 2010; 138: 1755–62.
6. Narahara Y, Kanazawa H, Fukuda T et al. Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt vs. paracentesis plus albumin in patients with refractory ascites who have good hepatic and renal function: a prospective randomized trial. J Gastroenterol 2011; 46: 78–85.
7. Salerno F, Merli M, Riggio O. et al. Randomized controlled study of TIPS vs. paracentesis plus albumin in cirrhosis with severe ascites. Hepatology 2004; 40: 629–35.
8. Spasovski G, Vanholder R, Allolio B et al. Clinical practice guideline on diagnosis and treatment of hyponatraemia. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2014; 29 (Suppl. 2): ii1–ii39.
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1. Pimanov S.I. Dekompensirovannyi tsirroz pecheni: lechenie s uchetom mezhdunarodnykh rekomendatsii. M.: Prakticheskaia meditsina, 2016. [in Russian]
2. Angeli P, Bernardi M, Villanueva C et al. EASL Clinical Practice Guidelines for the management of patients with decompensated cirrhosis. J Hepatol 2018; 69: 406–60.
3. Pimanov S.I., Makarenko E.V., Solodovnikova O.I. The new guideline of the American college of gastroenterologists on alcoholic liver disease: the hepatitis is in the spotlight. Consilium Medicum. 2018; 20 (8): 58–66.
4. Caraceni P, Riggio O, Angeli P et al. Long-term albumin administration in decompensated cirrhosis (ANSWER): an open-label randomised trial. Lancet 2018; 391 (10138): 2417–29.
5. Lebrec D, Thabut D, Oberti F et al. Pentoxifylline does not decrease short-term mortality but does reduce complications in patients with advanced cirrhosis. Gastroenterology 2010; 138: 1755–62.
6. Narahara Y, Kanazawa H, Fukuda T et al. Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt vs. paracentesis plus albumin in patients with refractory ascites who have good hepatic and renal function: a prospective randomized trial. J Gastroenterol 2011; 46: 78–85.
7. Salerno F, Merli M, Riggio O. et al. Randomized controlled study of TIPS vs. paracentesis plus albumin in cirrhosis with severe ascites. Hepatology 2004; 40: 629–35.
8. Spasovski G, Vanholder R, Allolio B et al. Clinical practice guideline on diagnosis and treatment of hyponatraemia. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2014; 29 (Suppl. 2): ii1–ii39.
УО «Витебский государственный ордена Дружбы народов медицинский университет» 210023, Республика Беларусь, Витебск, пр. Фрунзе, д. 27
*pimanovs@tut.by
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S.I.Pimanov, E.V.Makarenko
Vitebsk State Order of Peoples' Friendship Medical University. 210023, Republic of Belarus, Vitebsk, pr. Frunze, d. 27
*pimanovs@tut.by