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Лечение декомпенсированного цирроза печени. Часть II. Гепаторенальный синдром
DOI: 10.26442/26583739.2019.1.190295
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Pimanov S.I., Makarenko E.V. Treatment of patients with decompensated cirrhosis of the liver. Part II. Hepatorenal syndrome. Gastroenterology. Surgery. Intensive care. Consilium Medicum. 2019; 1: 36–41.
DOI: 10.26442/26583739.2019.1.190295
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Ключевые слова: цирроз печени, гепаторенальный синдром, лечение цирроза печени, острое повреждение почек, асцит, альбумин, вазоконстрикторы, терлипрессин.
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Hepatorenal syndrome (HRS) is a form of kidney function impairment that characteristically occurs in cirrhosis. Recent changes in terminology have led to acute HRS (1 type) being referred to as acute kidney injury (AKI)-HRS and chronic HRS (2 type) as chronic kidney disease (CKD)-HRS. According to the new theory pathogenesis of HRS includes both haemodynamic and inflammatory changes. There is reason to believe that the increased circulating levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines may exercise a direct relevant role in the development of HRS. Vasoconstrictors and albumin are recommended in all patients meeting the current definition of AKI-HRS stage >IB, II and III should be expeditiously treated with vasoconstrictors and albumin. Terlipressin plus albumin should be considered as the first-line therapeutic option for the treatment of HRS-AKI. In case of non-response (decrease in serum creatinine <25% from the peak value), after two days, the dose of terlipressin should be increased in a stepwise manner. Liver transplantation is the best therapeutic option in patients with HRS.
Key words: liver cirrhosis, hepatorenal syndrome, treatment of liver cirrhosis, acute kidney injury, ascites, albumin, vasoconstrictors, terlipressin.
[Pimanov S.I., Makarenko E.V. Treatment of patients with decompensated cirrhosis of the liver. P. I. Ascites and hyponatremia. Gastroenterology. Surgery. Intensive care. Consilium Medicum. 2018; 2: 21–25. DOI: 10.26442/26583739.2018.2.180096 (in Russian).]
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[Smirnov A.V., Dobronravov V.A., Shilov E.M. et al. Rossiiskie Natsional'nye rekomendatsii "Ostroe povrezhdenie pochek: osnovnye printsipy diagnostiki, profilaktiki i terapii". Moscow, 2015 (in Russian).]
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[Andrusev A.M., Vatazin A.V., Gurevich K.Ia. et al. Klinicheskie rekomendatsii po diagnostike i lecheniiu ostrogo pochechnogo povrezhdeniia. Moscow, 2014. http: //nonr.ru/? page_id=3115 (in Russian).]
14. Durand F, Graupera I, Gines P et al. Pathogenesis of Hepatorenal Syndrome: Implications for Therapy. Am J Kidney Dis 2015; 67 (2): 318–28.
15. Wong F, Nadim MK, Kellum JA et al. Working Party proposal for a revised classification system of renal dysfunction in patients with cirrhosis. Gut 2011; 60: 702–9.
16. Cavallin M, Piano S, Romano A et al. Terlipressin given by continuous intravenous infusion versus intravenous boluses in the treatment of hepatorenal syndrome: A randomized controlled study. Hepatology 2016; 63 (3): 983–92.
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1. Pimanov S.I., Makarenko E.V. Treatment of patients with decompensated cirrhosis of the liver. P. I. Ascites and hyponatremia. Gastroenterology. Surgery. Intensive care. Consilium Medicum. 2018; 2: 21–25. DOI: 10.26442/26583739.2018.2.180096 (in Russian).
2. Angeli P, Bernardi M, Villanueva C et al. EASL Clinical Practice Guidelines for the management of patients with decompensated cirrhosis. J Hepatol 2018; 69: 406–60.
3. Pimanov S.I. Dekompensirovannyi tsirroz pecheni: lechenie s uchetom mezhdunarodnykh rekomendatsii. Moscow: Prakticheskaia meditsina, 2016 (in Russian).
4. Nadim MK, Durand F, Kellum JA et al. Management of the critically ill patient with cirrhosis: A multidisciplinary perspective. J Hepatol 2016; 64: 717–35.
5. Pimanov S.I. Gepatorenal'nyi sindrom. Consilium Medicum. Gastroenterology. (Pril.) 2005; 1: 21–5 (in Russian).
6. Pimanov S.I. Novaia kontseptsiia gepatorenal'nogo sindroma. Consilium Medicum. 2008; 10 (8): 67–72 (in Russian).
7. Pimanov S.I. Sovremennyi vzgliad na gepatorenal'nyi sindrom. Handbook for Practitioners Doctors. 2010; 6: 32–5 (in Russian).
8. Angeli P, Gines P, Wong F et al. Diagnosis and management of acute kidney injury in patients with cirrhosis: revised consensus recommendations of the International Club of Ascites. J Hepatol 2015; 62: 968–74.
9. Wong F, Nadim MK, Kellum JA et al. Working Party proposal for a revised classification system of renal dysfunction in patients with cirrhosis. Gut 2011; 60: 702–9.
10. Maiwall R, Kumar S, Chandel S et al. AKI in patients with acute on chronic liver failure is different from acute decompensation of cirrhosis. Hepatol Int 2015; 9 (4): 627–39.
11. Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) Acute Kidney Injury Work Group KDIGO Clinical Practice Guideline for Acute Kidney Injury. Kidney Int (Suppl.) 2012; 2: 1–138.
12. Smirnov A.V., Dobronravov V.A., Shilov E.M. et al. Rossiiskie Natsional'nye rekomendatsii "Ostroe povrezhdenie pochek: osnovnye printsipy diagnostiki, profilaktiki i terapii". Moscow, 2015 (in Russian).
13. Andrusev A.M., Vatazin A.V., Gurevich K.Ia. et al. Klinicheskie rekomendatsii po diagnostike i lecheniiu ostrogo pochechnogo povrezhdeniia. Moscow, 2014. http: //nonr.ru/? page_id=3115 (in Russian).
14. Durand F, Graupera I, Gines P et al. Pathogenesis of Hepatorenal Syndrome: Implications for Therapy. Am J Kidney Dis 2015; 67 (2): 318–28.
15. Wong F, Nadim MK, Kellum JA et al. Working Party proposal for a revised classification system of renal dysfunction in patients with cirrhosis. Gut 2011; 60: 702–9.
16. Cavallin M, Piano S, Romano A et al. Terlipressin given by continuous intravenous infusion versus intravenous boluses in the treatment of hepatorenal syndrome: A randomized controlled study. Hepatology 2016; 63 (3): 983–92.
УО «Витебский государственный ордена Дружбы народов медицинский университет», Витебск, Республика Беларусь
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Sergey I. Pimanov, Elena V. Makarenko
Vitebsk State Order of Peoples’ Friendship Medical University, Vitebsk, Republic of Belarus