Особенности эндоваскулярного закрытия вторичного дефекта межпредсердной перегородки у больных старшего возраста
Особенности эндоваскулярного закрытия вторичного дефекта межпредсердной перегородки у больных старшего возраста
Ковальчук И.А., Рафаели И.Р., Азаров А.В. и др. Особенности эндоваскулярного закрытия вторичного дефекта межпредсердной перегородки у больных старшего возраста. Consilium Medicum. 2020; 22 (10): 64–68. DOI:10.26442/20751753.2020.10.200250
________________________________________________
Kovalchuk I.A., Rafaeli I.R., Azarov A.V. et al. Features of endovascular closure of secondary atrial septal defect in older patients. Consilium Medicum. 2020; 22 (10): 64–68. DOI: 10.26442/20751753.2020.10.200250
Особенности эндоваскулярного закрытия вторичного дефекта межпредсердной перегородки у больных старшего возраста
Ковальчук И.А., Рафаели И.Р., Азаров А.В. и др. Особенности эндоваскулярного закрытия вторичного дефекта межпредсердной перегородки у больных старшего возраста. Consilium Medicum. 2020; 22 (10): 64–68. DOI:10.26442/20751753.2020.10.200250
________________________________________________
Kovalchuk I.A., Rafaeli I.R., Azarov A.V. et al. Features of endovascular closure of secondary atrial septal defect in older patients. Consilium Medicum. 2020; 22 (10): 64–68. DOI: 10.26442/20751753.2020.10.200250
Цель. Вторичный дефект межпредсердной перегородки (ДМПП II) является одним из наиболее распространенных врожденных пороков сердца.
В то время как все вопросы эндоваскулярной коррекции данного заболевания у детей и молодых пациентов практически решены, в отношении тактики лечения взрослых больных многие вопросы до сих пор остаются дискутабельными. В предлагаемой работе проведен анализ основных обсуждаемых в литературе сведений, касающихся состояния вопроса как о целесообразности, так и тактике лечения взрослых пациентов с ДМПП II в зависимости от анатомических форм заболевания, состояния внутрисердечной и легочно-артериальной гемодинамики, наличия сопутствующих заболеваний. Материалы и методы. В статье представлен обзор литературы по результатам поиска публикаций в российских и международных библиографических базах (PubMed, eLIBRARY, Medscape и др.). Результаты. Анализ литературных данных в большинстве случаев указывает на целесообразность и высокую эффективность эндоваскулярного закрытия гемодинамически значимых ДМПП II у пациентов старшей возрастной группы. Проведенный анализ динамических наблюдений выявляет снижение систолического давления в легочной артерии и размеров правых отделов сердца в отдаленные сроки после эндоваскулярного лечения. При этом соблюдение определенных правил делает вмешательство достаточно безопасным независимо от возраста пациентов и, в определенной степени, выраженности симптомов. В литературе особенно подчеркивают, что при определении тактики ведения взрослых пациентов с ДМПП II с целью предупреждения возможных осложнений должны быть объективно оценены и учтены такие факторы, определяющие их исходное состояние, как: наличие высокой легочной гипертензии, объемная перегрузка правых отделов сердца, и наоборот, недогрузка левых отделов сердца, состояние клапанного аппарата, наличие артериальной гипертензии, нарушений ритма сердца, ишемической болезни сердца и дисфункции левого желудочка. Заключение. Современная медицинская литература убедительно доказывает, что при правильном подборе пациентов транскатетерное закрытие является безопасным, высокоэффективным методом коррекции ДМПП II, сопровождается снижением материальных затрат и должно считаться стандартом в лечении пациентов среднего и пожилого возраста. При этом, как показывают исследования по отдаленным результатам, положительный функциональный эффект не имеет возрастных ограничений.
Aim. Secondary atrial septal defect (ASD II) is one of the most common congenital heart defects. While all the issues of endovascular correction of this disease in children and young patients have been practically resolved, many issues still remain debatable regarding the treatment of adult patients. In the proposed work, the author analyzes the main information’s discussed in the literature concerning this issue, such as the expediency and tactics of treatment of adult patients with ASD II, depending on its anatomical forms, the status of intracardiac and pulmonary-arterial hemodynamics, the presence of concomitant diseases. Materials and methods. The article presents a literature review based on the results of searching of publications in Russian and international bibliographic databases (PubMed, eLIBRARY, Medscape, etc.). Results. Analysis of the literature data in most cases indicates the feasibility and high efficiency of endovascular closure of hemodynamically significant ASD II in elderly patients. The analysis of dynamic observations in the long term after endovascular treatment, reveals a decrease in MPAP as well as the size of the right heart. At the same time, compliance with certain rules makes the intervention quite safe, regardless of the age of patients and, to a certain extent, the severity of symptoms. In the literature, it is particularly emphasized that when determining the management tactics of adult patients with ASD II in order to prevent possible complications, should be objectively evaluated and taken into account such factors that determine their initial state as: the presence of high MPAP, volume overload of the right heart, and vice versa, underloading of the left heart, the conditions of the heart valves, the presence of arterial hypertension, existence of heart rhythm disorders, ischemic heart disease and left ventricle dysfunction. Conclusion. Modern medical literature convincingly proves that with the right selection of patients, transcatheter closure is a safe, highly effective method of correction of ASD II, accompanied by real economic effect and it should be considered a standard in the treatment of middle-aged and elderly patients. At the same time, studies on long-term results show that the positive functional effect does not have age restrictions.
1. Kutsal A, Ibrisim E, Catav Z et al. Mediastinitis after open heart surgery: Analysis of risk factors and management. J Cardiovasc Surg (Torino) 1991; 32: 38–41.
2. Du ZD, Hijazi ZM, Kleinman CS et al. Amplatzer Investigators. Comparison between transcatheter and surgical closure of secundum atrial septal defect in children and adults: results of a multicenter nonrandomized trial. J Am Coll Cardiol 2002; 39: 1836–44.
3. Masura J, Gavora P, Podnar T. Long-term outcome of transcatheter secundum-type atrial septal defect closure using Amplatzer septal occluders. J Am Coll Cardiol 2005; 45: 505–7.
4. McMahon CJ, Feltes TF, Fraley JK, et al. Natural history of growth of secundum atrial septal defect and implications for transcatheter closure. Heart 2002; 87: 256–9.
5. Wang SY, Welch TD, Elfenbein A, Kaplan AV. Spontaneous Closure of a Secundum Atrial Septal Defect. Methodist Debakey Cardiovasc J 2018; 14 (1): 60–2.
6. Konstantinides S, Geibel A, Kasper W, Just H. The natural course of atrial septal defect in adults – a still unsettled issue. Klin Wochenschr 1991; 69: 506–10.
7. Paolillo V, Dawkins KD, Miller GA. Atrial septal defect in patients over the age of 50. Int J Cardiol 1991; 9: 139–47.
8. Gatzoulis MA, Freeman MA, Siu SC et al. Atrial arrhythmia after surgical closure of atrial septal defects in adults. N Engl J Med 1991; 340: 839–46.
9. Silversides CK, Haberer K, Siu SC et al. Predictors of atrial arrythmias after device closure of secundum type atrial septal defects in adults. Am J Cardiol 2008; 101: 683–7.
10. Leppert M, Poisson SN, Carroll JD. Atrial Septal Defects and Cardioembolic Strokes. Cardiol Clin 2016; 34 (2): 225–30.
11. Attie F. Interatrial communication in patients over 40 years of age. Arch Cardiol Mex 2002; 72
(Suppl. 1): S14–S17.
12. Suchon E, Podolec P, Tomkiewicz-Pajak L et al. Cardiopulmonary exercise capacity in adult patients with atrial septal defect. Przegl Lek 2002; 59: 747–51.
13. Dimopoulos K, Diller GP, Piepoli MF, Gatzoulis MA. Exercise intolerance in adults with congenital heart disease. Cardiol Clin 2006; 24: 641–60.
14. Rashcind WJ, Miller WW. Creation of an atrial septal defect without thoracotomy JAMA 1966; 196: 991.
15. Rao PS, Harris AD. Recent advances in managing septal defects: atrial septal defects. F1000Research Nov 2017; 6: 2042.
16. Bolcal C et al. Is there a role for surgery in the management of isolated secundum atrial septal defect in adults? Cardiovasc J Afr 2014; 25 (3): 114–7.
17. Mills NL, King TD. Nonoperative Closure of Left-To-Right Shunts. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1976; 72 (3): 371–8.
18. Nassif M et al. Historical developments of atrial septal defect closure devices: what we learn from the past. Expert Rev Med Devices 2016; 13 (6): 555–68.
19. Kefer J. Percutaneous Transcatheter Closure of Interatrial Septal Defect in Adults: Procedural Outcome and Long-Term Results. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2012; 79 (2): 322–30.
20. Assaidi A. Transcatheter closure of complex atrial septal defects is efficient under intracardiac echocardiographic guidance. Arch Cardiovasc Dis 2014; 107 (12): 646–53.
21. Kammache I, Mancini J, Ovaert C et al. Feasibility of transcatheter closure in unselected patients with secundum atrial septal defect, using Amplatzer devices and a modified sizing balloon technique. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2011; 78 (5): 665–74.
22. Thanopoulos BD, Dardas P, Ninios V et al. Transcatheter closure of large atrial septal defects with deficient aortic or posterior rims using the ‘Greek maneuver’. A multicenter study. Int J Cardiol 2013; 168 (4): 3643–6.
23. Papa M, Gaspardone A, Fragasso G et al. Feasibility and safety of transcatheter closure of atrial septal defects with deficient posterior rim. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2013; 81 (7): 1180–7.
24. Dalvi B, Sheth K, Jain S, Pinto R. Transcatheter closure of large atrial septal defects using 40 mm amplatzer septal occluder: Single group experience with short and intermediate term follow-up. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2017; 89 (6): 1035–43.
25. Pillai AA, Satheesh S, Pakkirisamy G et al. Techniques and outcomes of transcatheter closure of complex atrial septal defects – Single center experience. Indian Heart J 2014; 66 (1): 38–44.
26. Fraisse et al. Atrial Septal Defect Closure: Indications and Contra-Indications. J Thorac Dis 2018; 10 (Suppl. 24): S2874-S2881.
27. Akagi T. Current concept of transcatheter closure of atrial septal defect in adults. J Cardiol 2015; 65 (1): 17–25.
28. Chen L. Improvement of tricuspid regurgitation after transcatheter ASD closure in older patients. Herz 2018; 43 (6): 529–34.
29. Harjula A, Kupari M, Kyosola K et al. Early and late results of surgery for atrial septal defect in patients aged over 60 years. J Cardiovasc Surg 1998; 29: 134–9.
30. Humenberger M, Rosenhek R, Gabriel H et al. Benefit of atrial septal defect closure in adults: impact of age. Eur Heart J 2011; 32: 553–60.
31. Swan L, Varma C, Yip J et al. Transcatheter device closure of atrial septal defects in the elderly: technical considerations and short-term outcomes. Int J of Cardiol 2006; 107: 207–10.
32. Khan AA, Tan JL, Li W et al. The impact of transcatheter atrial septal defect closure in older population: a prospective study. JACC Cardiovasc Interv 2010; 3: 276–81.
33. Nakahawa K, Akagi T, Taniguchi M et al. Transcatheter closure of atrial septal defect in a geriatric population. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2012 In Press.
34. Balint OH, Samman A, Haberer K et al. Outcomes in patients with pulmonary hypertension undergoing percutanous atrial septal closure. Heart 2008; 94: 1189–93.
35. Yong G, Khairy P, De Guise P et al. Pulmonary arterial hypertension in patients with transcatheter closure of secundum atrial septal defects: a longitudinal study. Circ Cardiovasc Interv 2009; 2: 455–62.
36. Billing D, Hallman G, Bloodwell R, Cooley D. Surgical treatment of atrial septal defect in patients with angina pectoris. Ann Thorac Surg 1968; 5: 566–8.
37. Onorato E, Pera I, Lanzone A et al. Transcatheter treatment of coronary artery disease and atrial septal defect with sequential implantation of coronary stent and Amplatzer septal occluder: preliminary results. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2001; 54: 454–8.
38. Chessa M, Medda M, Moharram A et al. Simultaneous percutaneous atrial septal defect closure and percutaneous coronary intervention. Anatol J Cardiol 2007; 7 (1): 51–3.
39. Ioseliani DG, Kovalchuk IA, Rafaeli TR et al. Simultaneous Percutaneous Coronary Intervention and Endovascular Closure of Atrial Septal Defect in Adults. Kardiologia 2019; 59 (2): 56–60.
40. Tomai F, Ando G, De Paulis R, Chiariello L. Real-time evaluation of the hemodynamic effects of atrial septal defect closure in adults with left ventricular dysfunction. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2005; 64: 124–6.
41. Kenji Makino, Go Hashimoto, Suzuki Makoto. Assessment of the left ventricular diastolic function after percutaneous atrial septal defect closure in chronic phase. J the Am Coll Cardiol 2020; 75 (Issue 11; Suppl. 1).
42. Gruner C, Akkaya E, Kretschmar O et al. Pharmacologic preconditioning therapy prior to atrial septal defect closure in patients at high risk for acute pulmonary edema. J Interv Cardiol 2012; 25: 505–12.
43. Peters B, Ewert P, Schubert S et al. Self-fabricated fenestrated Amplatzer occluders for transcatheter closure of atrial septal defect in patients with left ventricular restriction: midterm results. Clin Res Cardiol 2006; 95: 88–92.
44. Abaci A, Unlu S, Alsancak Y, et al. Short- and long-term complications of device closure of atrial septal defect and patent foramen ovale: metaanalysis of 28,142 patients from 203 studies. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2013; 82 (7): 1123–38.
45. Torre Hernándeza JM, Fernández-Vallsa M. Transient ST Elevation: a Finding that May Be Frequent in Percutaneous Atrial Septal Defect Closure in Adults. Rev Esp Cardiol 2002; 55 (6): 686–8.
46. Martínez-Quintana E, Rodríguez-González F. Risks Factors for Atrial Septal Defect Occlusion Device Migration. Int J Angiol 2016; 25 (5): 63–5.
47. Hegde S, Moustafa M. Atrial septal defect occlusion devise migration presenting as acute heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol 2019; 73 (Issue 9; Suppl. 1).
48. Amin Z. Echocardiographic predictors of cardiac erosion after Amplatzer septal occluder placement. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2014; 83 (1): 84–92.
49. Hill SL, Berul CI, Patel HT et al. Early ECG abnormalities associated with transcatheter closure of atrial septal defects using the Amplatzer septal occluder. J Interv Card Electrophysiol 2000; 4 (3): 469.
50 Nishimura S et al. Incidence and Predictors of Aggravation of Mitral Regurgitation After Atrial Septal Defect Closure. Ann Thorac Surg 2017; 104 (1): 205–10.
51 Thomson JDR, Aburawi EH, Watterson KG et al. Surgical and transcatheter (amplatzer) closure of atrial septal defects: a prospective comparison of results and cost. Heart 2002; 87: 466–9.
52. Hughes ML, Maskell G, Goh TH, Wilkinson JL. Prospective comparison of costs and short-term health outsomes of surgical versus device closure of atrial septal defect in children. Heart 2002; 88: 67–70.
53. Kim JJ, Hijazi ZM. Clinical outcomes and costs of Amplatzer transcatheter closure as compared with surgical closure of ostium secundum atrial septal defects. Med Sci Monit 2002; 8: 787–91.
________________________________________________
1. Kutsal A, Ibrisim E, Catav Z et al. Mediastinitis after open heart surgery: Analysis of risk factors and management. J Cardiovasc Surg (Torino) 1991; 32: 38–41.
2. Du ZD, Hijazi ZM, Kleinman CS et al. Amplatzer Investigators. Comparison between transcatheter and surgical closure of secundum atrial septal defect in children and adults: results of a multicenter nonrandomized trial. J Am Coll Cardiol 2002; 39: 1836–44.
3. Masura J, Gavora P, Podnar T. Long-term outcome of transcatheter secundum-type atrial septal defect closure using Amplatzer septal occluders. J Am Coll Cardiol 2005; 45: 505–7.
4. McMahon CJ, Feltes TF, Fraley JK, et al. Natural history of growth of secundum atrial septal defect and implications for transcatheter closure. Heart 2002; 87: 256–9.
5. Wang SY, Welch TD, Elfenbein A, Kaplan AV. Spontaneous Closure of a Secundum Atrial Septal Defect. Methodist Debakey Cardiovasc J 2018; 14 (1): 60–2.
6. Konstantinides S, Geibel A, Kasper W, Just H. The natural course of atrial septal defect in adults – a still unsettled issue. Klin Wochenschr 1991; 69: 506–10.
7. Paolillo V, Dawkins KD, Miller GA. Atrial septal defect in patients over the age of 50. Int J Cardiol 1991; 9: 139–47.
8. Gatzoulis MA, Freeman MA, Siu SC et al. Atrial arrhythmia after surgical closure of atrial septal defects in adults. N Engl J Med 1991; 340: 839–46.
9. Silversides CK, Haberer K, Siu SC et al. Predictors of atrial arrythmias after device closure of secundum type atrial septal defects in adults. Am J Cardiol 2008; 101: 683–7.
10. Leppert M, Poisson SN, Carroll JD. Atrial Septal Defects and Cardioembolic Strokes. Cardiol Clin 2016; 34 (2): 225–30.
11. Attie F. Interatrial communication in patients over 40 years of age. Arch Cardiol Mex 2002; 72
(Suppl. 1): S14–S17.
12. Suchon E, Podolec P, Tomkiewicz-Pajak L et al. Cardiopulmonary exercise capacity in adult patients with atrial septal defect. Przegl Lek 2002; 59: 747–51.
13. Dimopoulos K, Diller GP, Piepoli MF, Gatzoulis MA. Exercise intolerance in adults with congenital heart disease. Cardiol Clin 2006; 24: 641–60.
14. Rashcind WJ, Miller WW. Creation of an atrial septal defect without thoracotomy JAMA 1966; 196: 991.
15. Rao PS, Harris AD. Recent advances in managing septal defects: atrial septal defects. F1000Research Nov 2017; 6: 2042.
16. Bolcal C et al. Is there a role for surgery in the management of isolated secundum atrial septal defect in adults? Cardiovasc J Afr 2014; 25 (3): 114–7.
17. Mills NL, King TD. Nonoperative Closure of Left-To-Right Shunts. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1976; 72 (3): 371–8.
18. Nassif M et al. Historical developments of atrial septal defect closure devices: what we learn from the past. Expert Rev Med Devices 2016; 13 (6): 555–68.
19. Kefer J. Percutaneous Transcatheter Closure of Interatrial Septal Defect in Adults: Procedural Outcome and Long-Term Results. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2012; 79 (2): 322–30.
20. Assaidi A. Transcatheter closure of complex atrial septal defects is efficient under intracardiac echocardiographic guidance. Arch Cardiovasc Dis 2014; 107 (12): 646–53.
21. Kammache I, Mancini J, Ovaert C et al. Feasibility of transcatheter closure in unselected patients with secundum atrial septal defect, using Amplatzer devices and a modified sizing balloon technique. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2011; 78 (5): 665–74.
22. Thanopoulos BD, Dardas P, Ninios V et al. Transcatheter closure of large atrial septal defects with deficient aortic or posterior rims using the ‘Greek maneuver’. A multicenter study. Int J Cardiol 2013; 168 (4): 3643–6.
23. Papa M, Gaspardone A, Fragasso G et al. Feasibility and safety of transcatheter closure of atrial septal defects with deficient posterior rim. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2013; 81 (7): 1180–7.
24. Dalvi B, Sheth K, Jain S, Pinto R. Transcatheter closure of large atrial septal defects using 40 mm amplatzer septal occluder: Single group experience with short and intermediate term follow-up. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2017; 89 (6): 1035–43.
25. Pillai AA, Satheesh S, Pakkirisamy G et al. Techniques and outcomes of transcatheter closure of complex atrial septal defects – Single center experience. Indian Heart J 2014; 66 (1): 38–44.
26. Fraisse et al. Atrial Septal Defect Closure: Indications and Contra-Indications. J Thorac Dis 2018; 10 (Suppl. 24): S2874-S2881.
27. Akagi T. Current concept of transcatheter closure of atrial septal defect in adults. J Cardiol 2015; 65 (1): 17–25.
28. Chen L. Improvement of tricuspid regurgitation after transcatheter ASD closure in older patients. Herz 2018; 43 (6): 529–34.
29. Harjula A, Kupari M, Kyosola K et al. Early and late results of surgery for atrial septal defect in patients aged over 60 years. J Cardiovasc Surg 1998; 29: 134–9.
30. Humenberger M, Rosenhek R, Gabriel H et al. Benefit of atrial septal defect closure in adults: impact of age. Eur Heart J 2011; 32: 553–60.
31. Swan L, Varma C, Yip J et al. Transcatheter device closure of atrial septal defects in the elderly: technical considerations and short-term outcomes. Int J of Cardiol 2006; 107: 207–10.
32. Khan AA, Tan JL, Li W et al. The impact of transcatheter atrial septal defect closure in older population: a prospective study. JACC Cardiovasc Interv 2010; 3: 276–81.
33. Nakahawa K, Akagi T, Taniguchi M et al. Transcatheter closure of atrial septal defect in a geriatric population. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2012 In Press.
34. Balint OH, Samman A, Haberer K et al. Outcomes in patients with pulmonary hypertension undergoing percutanous atrial septal closure. Heart 2008; 94: 1189–93.
35. Yong G, Khairy P, De Guise P et al. Pulmonary arterial hypertension in patients with transcatheter closure of secundum atrial septal defects: a longitudinal study. Circ Cardiovasc Interv 2009; 2: 455–62.
36. Billing D, Hallman G, Bloodwell R, Cooley D. Surgical treatment of atrial septal defect in patients with angina pectoris. Ann Thorac Surg 1968; 5: 566–8.
37. Onorato E, Pera I, Lanzone A et al. Transcatheter treatment of coronary artery disease and atrial septal defect with sequential implantation of coronary stent and Amplatzer septal occluder: preliminary results. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2001; 54: 454–8.
38. Chessa M, Medda M, Moharram A et al. Simultaneous percutaneous atrial septal defect closure and percutaneous coronary intervention. Anatol J Cardiol 2007; 7 (1): 51–3.
39. Ioseliani DG, Kovalchuk IA, Rafaeli TR et al. Simultaneous Percutaneous Coronary Intervention and Endovascular Closure of Atrial Septal Defect in Adults. Kardiologia 2019; 59 (2): 56–60.
40. Tomai F, Ando G, De Paulis R, Chiariello L. Real-time evaluation of the hemodynamic effects of atrial septal defect closure in adults with left ventricular dysfunction. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2005; 64: 124–6.
41. Kenji Makino, Go Hashimoto, Suzuki Makoto. Assessment of the left ventricular diastolic function after percutaneous atrial septal defect closure in chronic phase. J the Am Coll Cardiol 2020; 75 (Issue 11; Suppl. 1).
42. Gruner C, Akkaya E, Kretschmar O et al. Pharmacologic preconditioning therapy prior to atrial septal defect closure in patients at high risk for acute pulmonary edema. J Interv Cardiol 2012; 25: 505–12.
43. Peters B, Ewert P, Schubert S et al. Self-fabricated fenestrated Amplatzer occluders for transcatheter closure of atrial septal defect in patients with left ventricular restriction: midterm results. Clin Res Cardiol 2006; 95: 88–92.
44. Abaci A, Unlu S, Alsancak Y, et al. Short- and long-term complications of device closure of atrial septal defect and patent foramen ovale: metaanalysis of 28,142 patients from 203 studies. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2013; 82 (7): 1123–38.
45. Torre Hernándeza JM, Fernández-Vallsa M. Transient ST Elevation: a Finding that May Be Frequent in Percutaneous Atrial Septal Defect Closure in Adults. Rev Esp Cardiol 2002; 55 (6): 686–8.
46. Martínez-Quintana E, Rodríguez-González F. Risks Factors for Atrial Septal Defect Occlusion Device Migration. Int J Angiol 2016; 25 (5): 63–5.
47. Hegde S, Moustafa M. Atrial septal defect occlusion devise migration presenting as acute heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol 2019; 73 (Issue 9; Suppl. 1).
48. Amin Z. Echocardiographic predictors of cardiac erosion after Amplatzer septal occluder placement. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2014; 83 (1): 84–92.
49. Hill SL, Berul CI, Patel HT et al. Early ECG abnormalities associated with transcatheter closure of atrial septal defects using the Amplatzer septal occluder. J Interv Card Electrophysiol 2000; 4 (3): 469.
50 Nishimura S et al. Incidence and Predictors of Aggravation of Mitral Regurgitation After Atrial Septal Defect Closure. Ann Thorac Surg 2017; 104 (1): 205–10.
51 Thomson JDR, Aburawi EH, Watterson KG et al. Surgical and transcatheter (amplatzer) closure of atrial septal defects: a prospective comparison of results and cost. Heart 2002; 87: 466–9.
52. Hughes ML, Maskell G, Goh TH, Wilkinson JL. Prospective comparison of costs and short-term health outsomes of surgical versus device closure of atrial septal defect in children. Heart 2002; 88: 67–70.
53. Kim JJ, Hijazi ZM. Clinical outcomes and costs of Amplatzer transcatheter closure as compared with surgical closure of ostium secundum atrial septal defects. Med Sci Monit 2002; 8: 787–91.
ФГАОУ ВО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова» Минздрава России (Сеченовский Университет), Москва, Россия
*kovalchuk_ilya@mail.ru
________________________________________________
Ilya A. Kovalchuk*, Ionatan R. Rafaeli, Aleksey V. Azarov, Sergey P. Semitko, David G. Ioseliani
Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
*kovalchuk_ilya@mail.ru