Аутоиммунный гастрит: от симптома к диагнозу. Клинические наблюдения
Аутоиммунный гастрит: от симптома к диагнозу. Клинические наблюдения
Ливзан М.А., Кролевец Т.С., Мозговой С.И. и др. Аутоиммунный гастрит: от симптома к диагнозу. Клинические наблюдения. Consilium Medicum. 2020; 22 (8): 78–84.
DOI: 10.26442/20751753.2020.8.200037
________________________________________________
Livzan M.A., Krolevets T.S., Mozgovoy S.I. et al. Autoimmune gastritis: from symptom to diagnosis. Clinical observations. Consilium Medicum. 2020; 22 (8): 78–84.
DOI: 110.26442/20751753.2020.8.200037
Аутоиммунный гастрит: от симптома к диагнозу. Клинические наблюдения
Ливзан М.А., Кролевец Т.С., Мозговой С.И. и др. Аутоиммунный гастрит: от симптома к диагнозу. Клинические наблюдения. Consilium Medicum. 2020; 22 (8): 78–84.
DOI: 10.26442/20751753.2020.8.200037
________________________________________________
Livzan M.A., Krolevets T.S., Mozgovoy S.I. et al. Autoimmune gastritis: from symptom to diagnosis. Clinical observations. Consilium Medicum. 2020; 22 (8): 78–84.
DOI: 110.26442/20751753.2020.8.200037
В статье представлено 4 клинических случая аутоиммунного гастрита. Мы рассмотрели клинические и лабораторно-инструментальные данные с целью определения ключевых показателей, характерных для данного заболевания. Обсуждены ведущие симптомы, принципы диагностики и лечения аутоиммунного гастрита. «Золотым стандартом» диагностики аутоиммунного гастрита остается эзофагогастродуоденоскопия с биопсией по OLGA-system, позволяющая определить не только стадию и степень атрофии слизистой оболочки желудка, но и наличие предраковых изменений, требующих постоянного динамического наблюдения за пациентом. Наиболее важным для постановки диагноза является обнаружение при морфологическом исследовании признаков метапластической и неметапластической атрофии желез преимущественно тела желудка наряду с гиперплазией нейроэндокринных клеток. Подтвердить диагноз также помогает серологическая диагностика для определения аутоантител класса иммуноглобулина G к париетальным клеткам и внутреннему фактору Кастла.
There are 4 clinical cases of autoimmune gastritis in this article. We examined clinical and laboratory-instrumental dates to determine the indicators to this disease. The leading symptoms, the principles of diagnosis and treatment of autoimmune gastritis were discussed. The gold standard for the diagnosis of autoimmune gastritis is esophagogastroduodenoscopy with biopsy according to the OLGA system to focus not only the stage and degree of atrophy of the gastric mucosa, but also the presence of precancerous lesions. During morphological examination the signs of metaplastic and non-metaplastic atrophy of the glands of the gastric body with the neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia are the most important for the diagnosis. Serological diagnosis (autoantibodies IgG to parietal cells and to Castle internal factor) also helps to confirm the diagnosis.
Key words: autoimmune gastritis, clinical cases, atrophy of the gastric mucosa, hyperplasia of neuroendocrine cells, antibodies to parietal cells.
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________________________________________________
1. Malfertheiner P, Mégraud F, O'Morain CA et al. Management of Helicobacter pylori infection – the Maastricht IV Florence Consensus Report. Gut 2012; 61: 646–64.
2. Sugano K, Tack J, Kuipers EJ et al. Kyoto global consensus report on Helicobacter pylori gastritis. Gut 2015; 64: 1353–67.
3. Ivashkin V.T., Maev I.V., Lapina T.L. et al. Klinicheskie rekomendatsii Rossiiskoi gastroenterologicheskoi assotsiatsii po diagnostike i lecheniiu infektsii Helicobacter pylori u vzroslykh. Ros. zhurn. gastroenterol., gepatol., koloproktol. 2018; 28 (1): 55–70 (in Russian).
4. Mozgovoi S.I., Kostenko M.B., Krolevets T.S., Livzan M.A. Autoimmunnyi gastrit v fokuse klinitsista i morfologa. Farmateka. 2019; 26 (2): 121–9. DOI: 10.18565/pharmateca.2019.2.121-129 (in Russian).
5. Rodriguez-Castro KI, Franceschi M, Miraglia C et al. Autoimmune diseases in autoimmune atrophic gastritis. Acta Biomed 2018; 89 (8): 100–3. DOI: 10.23750/abm.v89i8-S.7919
6. Gupta S, Li D, El Serag HB et al. AGA Clinical Practice Guidelines on Management of Gastric Intestinal Metaplasia. Gastroenterology 2020; 158 (3): 693–702. DOI: 10.1053/
j.gastro.2019.12.003
7. Rugge M, Correa P, Di Mario F et al. OLGA staging for gastritis: a tutorial. Dig Liver Dis 2008; 40 (8): 650–8.
8. Massironi S, Cavalcoli F, Rossi RE et al. Chronic autoimmune atrophic gastritis associated with primary hyperparathyroidism: a transversal prospective study. Eur J Endocrinol 2013; 168: 755–61.
9. Carmel R. Prevalence of undiagnosed pernicious anemia in the elderly. Arch Int Med 1996; 156: 1097–100.
10. Topchii T.B., Minushkin O.N. Autoimmunnyi khronicheskii gastrit – nozologicheskaia forma ili sindrom? Med. sovet. 2015; 13: 38–42 (in Russian).
11. Waldron B, Cullen PT, Kumar R et al. Evidence for hypomotility in non-ulcer dyspepsia: a prospective multifactorial study. Gut 1991; 32: 246–51.
12. Iakovenko E.P., Ivanov A.N., Illarionova Iu.V. i dr. Khronicheskii gastrit: diagnostika i lechenie. Farmateka. 2009; 8: 50–4 (in Russian).
13. Elamami AH, Elmehdwi N, Younis EZ. Pernicious Anemia Presented with Isolated Nominal Dysphasia in Type Ill Polyglandular Failure Female Patient. Cureus 2018; 10 (9): 3306. DOI: 10.7759/cureus.3306
14. Carabotti M, Lahner E, Esposito G et al. Upper gastrointestinal symptoms in autoimmune gastritis A cross-sectional study. Medicine 2017; 96 (1): 5784. DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000005784
15. Kahaly GJ, Hansen MP. Type 1 diabetes associated autoimmunity. Autoimmun Rev 2016; 15 (7): 644–8.
16. Zelissen PM, Bast EJ, Croughs RJ. Associated Autoimmunity in Addison’s Disease. J Autoimmun 1995; 8 (1): 121–30.
17. Amerio P, Tracanna M, De Remigis P et al. Vitiligo associated with other autoimmune diseases: polyglandular autoimmune syndrome types 3B+C and 4. Clin Exp Dermatol 2006; 31: 746–9.
18. Livzan M.A., Osipenko M.F., Zaiakina N.V., Krolevets T.S. Mnogolikaia problema neperenosimosti gliutena. Klin. meditsina. 2018; 96 (2): 123–8 (in Russian).
19. Oshima T, Okugawa T, Hori K et al. Successful endoscopic submucosal dissection of gastric carcinoid in a patient with autoimmune gastritis and systemic lupus erythematosus. Intern Med 2012; 51 (10): 1211–3. DOI:10.2169/internalmedicine.51.7077
20. Döcker D, Marx U, Braun B. Gastric neuroendocrine tumors in a woman with systemic lupus erythematosus. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 2010; 135 (36): 1723–6. DOI: 10.1055/s-0030-1263306
21. Kulnigg-Dabsch S. Autoimmune gastritis. Wien Med Wochenschr 2016; 166 (13–14): 424–30. DOI: 10.1007/s10354-016-0515-5
22. Coati I, Fassan M, Farinati F et al. Autoimmune gastritis: Pathologist's viewpoint. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21 (42): 12179–89.
23. Tozzoli R, Kodermaz G, Perosa AR et al. Autoantibodies to parietal cells as predictors of atrophic body gastritis: a five-year prospective study in patients with autoimmune thyroid diseases. Autoimmun Rev 2010; 10 (2): 80–3.
24. Lahner E, L Norman G, Severi C et al. Reassessment of intrinsic factor and parietal cell autoantibodies in atrophic gastritis with respect to cobalamin deficiency. Am J Gastroenterol 2009; 104 (8): 2071–9. DOI: 10.1038/ajg.2009.231
25. Antico A, Tampoia M Villalta D et al. Clinical usefulness of the serological gastric biopsy for the diagnosis of chronic autoimmune gastritis. Clin Dev Immunol 2012; 2012: 520970. DOI: 10.1155/2012/520970
26. Bergman MP, Faller G, D'Elios MM et al. Gastric automminity. In: Mobley HLT, Mendz GL, Hazell SL, editors. Helicobacter pylori: Physiology and Genetics. Washington DC: ASM Press, 200: chapter 36.
27. D’Elios MM, J Appelmelk B, Amedei A et al. Gastric autoimmunity: the role of Helicobacter pylori and molecular mimicry. Trends Mol Med 2004; 10 (7): 6316–23.
28. Kononov A.V., Pomorgailo E.G., Mozgovoi S.I. et al. Immunofenotip kletok vospalitel'nogo infil'trata kak fiziologicheskoe proiavlenie polimorfizma genov tsitokinov pri khronicheskom gastrite. Ural'skii med. zhurn. 2019; 10 (178): 81–5 (in Russian).
29. Livzan M.A., Kononov A.V., Mozgovoi S.I. Techenie khronicheskogo gastrita, assotsiirovannogo s Helicobacter pylori, v posteradikatsionnom periode. Eksperiment. i klin. gastroenterologiia. 2007; 5: 116–23 (in Russian).
30. Livzan M.A. Underwater rocks of anti-helicobacter therapy. Therapeutic Archive. 2019; 91 (8): 141–7. DOI: 10.26442/00403660.2019.08.000386 (in Russian).
31. Chaunzwa TL, O'Shea J, Boggs NA. Hemolytic Anemia and Gastric Carcinoid in a Russian Seafarer: Highlighting the Role of Diagnostic Technologies in Modern Clinical Practice. Yale J Biol Med 2018; 91 (3): 243–6.
32. Mozgovoi S.I., Livzan M.A., Krolevets T.S., Shimanskaia A.G. Neiroendokrinnaia opukhol' kak diagnosticheskii i prognosticheskii kriterii autoimmunnogo gastrita. Ros. zhurn. gastroenterologii, gepatologii, koloproktologii. 2019; 29 (6): 49–59. DOI: 10.22416/1382-4376-2019-29-6-49-59 (in Russian).
33. Vannella L, Sbrozzi-Vanni A, Lahner E et al. Development of type I gastric carcinoid in patients with chronic atrophic gastritis. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2011; 33: 1361–9. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2036.2011.04659.x
34. Borch K, Ahren B, Ahlman H et al. Gastric carcinoids: biologic behavior and prognosis after differentiated treatment in relation to type. Ann Surg 2005; 242 (1): 64–73.
35. Merola E, Sbrozzi-Vanni A, Panzuto F et al. Type I gastric carcinoids: a prospective study on endoscopic management and recurrence rate. Neuroendocrinology 2012; 95 (3): 207–13. DOI: 10.1159/000329043
36. Delle Fave G, Kwekkeboom DJ, Van Cutsem E et al. ENETS Consensus Guidelines for the Management of Patients with Gastroduodenal Neoplasms. Neuroendocrinology 2012; 95: 74–87. DOI: 10.1159/000335595
37. Delle Fave G, Sundin A. Taal B et al. ENETS Consensus Guidelines Update for Gastroduodenal Neuroendocrine Neoplasms. Neuroendocrinology 2016; 103 (2): 119–24. DOI: 10.1159/000443168
38. Bohyan V.Yu., Beltsevich D.G., Vashakmadze L.A. et al. Clinical recommendations for the treatment of neuroendocrine tumors. All-Russian Union of Public Associations. Association of Oncologists of Russia. Moscow, 2014 (in Russian).
39. Tsukanov V.V., Amel'chugova O.S., Vasiutin A.V. et al. Taktika vedeniia patsientov s predrakovymi izmeneniiami v zheludke. Ros. zhurn. gastroenterologii, gepatologii, koloproktologii. 2013; 3: 4–8 (in Russian).
40. Minalyan A, Benhammou JN, Artashesyan A et al. Autoimmune atrophic gastritis: current perspectives. Clin Exp Gastroenterol 2017; 10: 19–27.
41. Bikbavova G.R., Akhmedov V.A., Mukhamedzhanov B.M. Metody povysheniia effektivnosti eradikatsionnoi terapii. Rus. med. zhurn. 2019; 27 (7): 6–10 (in Russian).
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