COVID-19 и внебольничная пневмония

1. Синопальников А.И. Определение, классификация и эпидемиология внебольничной пневмонии. В кн.: Клинические рекомендации. Внебольничная пневмония у взрослых. Под ред. А.Г. Чучалина, А.И. Синопальникова. М.: Атмосфера; 2005; с. 7–14 [Sinopalnikov AI. Definition, classification and epidemiology of community-acquired pneumonia. In the book: Clinical guidelines. Community-acquired pneumonia in adults. Ed. A.G. Chuchalin, A.I. Sinopalnikova. Moscow: Atmosfera, 2005; p. 7–14 (in Russian)].
2. Чучалин А.Г., Синопальников А.И., Страчунский Л.С., и др. Внебольничная пневмония у взрослых: практические рекомендации по диагностике, лечению и профилактике. Клин. микроб. антимикроб. химиотер. 2006; 8 (1): 54–86 [Chuchalin AG, Sinopal'nikov AI, Strachunskii LS, et al. Vnebol'nichnaia pnevmoniia u vzroslykh: prakticheskie rekomendatsii po diagnostike, lecheniiu i profilaktike. Klin. mikrob. antimikrob. khimioter. 2006; 8 (1): 54–86 (in Russian)].
3. Временные методические рекомендации. Профилактика, диагностика и лечение новой коронавирусной инфекции (COVID-19). Версия 10. Режим доступа: www.minzdrav.gov.ru. Ссылка активна на 08.02.2021 [Vremennye metodicheskie rekomendatsii. Profilaktika, diagnostika i lechenie novoi koronavirusnoi infektsii (COVID-19). Versiia 10. Available at:  www.minzdrav.gov.ru. Accessed: 08.02.2021 (in Russian)].
4. Зайцев А.А., Чернов С.А., Стец В.В., и др. Алгоритмы ведения пациентов с новой коронавирусной инфекцией COVID-19 в стационаре. Методические рекомендации. Consilium Medicum. 2020; 22 (11): 91–7 [Zaitsev AA, Chernov SA, Stets VV, et al. Algorithms for the management of patients with a new coronavirus COVID-19 infection in a hospital. Guidelines. Consilium Medicum. 2020; 22 (11): 91–7 (in Russian)]. DOI: 10.26442/20751753.2020.11.200520
5. Gao Z, Xu Y, Sun C, et al. A systematic review of asymptomatic infections with COVID-19. J Microbiol Immunol Infect. 2021; 54 (1): 12–6. DOI: 10.1016/ j.jmii.2020.05.001
6. Lai CC, Liu YH, Wang CY, et al. Asymptomatic carrier state, acute respiratory disease, and pneumonia due to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2): Facts and myths. J Microbiol Immunol Infect. 2020; 53: 404–12. DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2020.02.012
7. Prina E, Ranzani OT, Torres A. Community-acquired pneumonia. Lancet. 2015; 386 (9998): 1097–108. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(15)60733-4
8. Wunderink RG, Waterer G. Advances in the causes and management of community acquired pneumonia in adults. Br Med J. 2017; 358: 2471.
9. Musher DM, Thorner AR. Community-acquired pneumonia. N Engl J Med. 2014; 371: 1619–28.
10. Huang C, Wang Y, Li X, et al. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. Lancet. 2020; 395 (10223): 497–506. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30183-5.
11. Chen N, Zhou M, Dong X, et al. Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study. Lancet. 2020; 395(10223): 507–13. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30211-7.
12. Tian J, Xu Q, Liu S, et al. Comparison of clinical characteristics between coronavirus disease 2019 pneumonia and community-acquired pneumonia. Curr Med Res Opin. 2020; 36 (11): 1747–52. DOI: 10.1080/03007995.2020.1830050
13. Lim WS, Baudouin SV, George RC, et al. British Thoracic Society guidelines for the management of community-acquired pneumonia in adults – update 2009. Thorax. 2009; 64 (Suppl. 3): iii1–55. DOI: 10.1136/thx.2009.121434
14. Zhou Y, Guo S, He Y, et al. COVID-19 is distinct from SARS-CoV-2-negative community-acquired pneumonia. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2020. DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00322
15. Fang Y, Zhang H, Xie J, et al. Sensitivity of Chest CT for COVID-19: Comparison to RT-PCR. Radiology. 2020; 296: E115–E117. DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2020200432
16. Blažić I, Brkljačić B, Frija G. The use of imaging in COVID-19-results of a global survey by the International Society of Radiology. Eur Radiol. 2021; 31: 1185–93.
17. Thoracic Imaging in COVID-19 infection. Guidance for the reporting radiologist British Society Thoracic Imaging. Version 1. 2020. Available at: www.bsti.org.uk. Accessed: 08.02.2021
18. Duzgun SA, Durhan G, Demirkazik FB, et al. COVID-19 pneumonia: the great radiological mimicker. Insights Imaging. 2020; 11: 118. DOI: 10.1186/s13244-020-00933-z
19. Caruso D, Zerunian M, Polici M, et al. Chest CT Features of COVID-19 in Rome, Italy. Radiology. 2020; 296: E79–E85. DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2020201237
20. Simpson S, Kay FU, Abbara S, et al. Radiological Society of North America Expert Consensus Statement on Reporting Chest CT Findings Related to COVID-19. Endorsed by the Society of Thoracic Radiology, the American College of Radiology, and RSNA. Published Online: Mar 25 2020. DOI: 10.1148/ryct.2020200152
21. Lansbury L, Lim B, Baskaran V, Lim WS. Co-infections in people with COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Infect. 2020; 81: 266–75.
22. Zhou F, Yu T, Du R, et al. Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study. Lancet. 2020; 395 (10229): 1054–62.
23. Metlay JP, Waterer GW. Treatment of community-acquired pneumonia during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Ann Intern Med. 2020; 173 (4): 304–5. 
DOI: 10.7326/M20-2189
24. Sieswerda E, de Boer MGJ, Bonten MMJ, et al. Recommendations for antibacterial therapy in adults with COVID-19 – an evidence-based guideline. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2021; 27: 61–6.

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1. Sinopalnikov AI. Definition, classification and epidemiology of community-acquired pneumonia. In the book: Clinical guidelines. Community-acquired pneumonia in adults. Ed. A.G. Chuchalin, A.I. Sinopalnikova. Moscow: Atmosfera, 2005; p. 7–14 (in Russian)
2. Chuchalin AG, Sinopal'nikov AI, Strachunskii LS, et al. Vnebol'nichnaia pnevmoniia u vzroslykh: prakticheskie rekomendatsii po diagnostike, lecheniiu i profilaktike. Klin. mikrob. antimikrob. khimioter. 2006; 8 (1): 54–86 (in Russian)
3. Vremennye metodicheskie rekomendatsii. Profilaktika, diagnostika i lechenie novoi koronavirusnoi infektsii (COVID-19). Versiia 10. Available at:  www.minzdrav.gov.ru. Accessed: 08.02.2021 (in Russian)
4. Zaitsev AA, Chernov SA, Stets VV, et al. Algorithms for the management of patients with a new coronavirus COVID-19 infection in a hospital. Guidelines. Consilium Medicum. 2020; 22 (11): 91–7 (in Russian) DOI: 10.26442/20751753.2020.11.200520
5. Gao Z, Xu Y, Sun C, et al. A systematic review of asymptomatic infections with COVID-19. J Microbiol Immunol Infect. 2021; 54 (1): 12–6. DOI: 10.1016/ j.jmii.2020.05.001
6. Lai CC, Liu YH, Wang CY, et al. Asymptomatic carrier state, acute respiratory disease, and pneumonia due to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2): Facts and myths. J Microbiol Immunol Infect. 2020; 53: 404–12. DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2020.02.012
7. Prina E, Ranzani OT, Torres A. Community-acquired pneumonia. Lancet. 2015; 386 (9998): 1097–108. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(15)60733-4
8. Wunderink RG, Waterer G. Advances in the causes and management of community acquired pneumonia in adults. Br Med J. 2017; 358: 2471.
9. Musher DM, Thorner AR. Community-acquired pneumonia. N Engl J Med. 2014; 371: 1619–28.
10. Huang C, Wang Y, Li X, et al. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. Lancet. 2020; 395 (10223): 497–506. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30183-5.
11. Chen N, Zhou M, Dong X, et al. Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study. Lancet. 2020; 395(10223): 507–13. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30211-7.
12. Tian J, Xu Q, Liu S, et al. Comparison of clinical characteristics between coronavirus disease 2019 pneumonia and community-acquired pneumonia. Curr Med Res Opin. 2020; 36 (11): 1747–52. DOI: 10.1080/03007995.2020.1830050
13. Lim WS, Baudouin SV, George RC, et al. British Thoracic Society guidelines for the management of community-acquired pneumonia in adults – update 2009. Thorax. 2009; 64 (Suppl. 3): iii1–55. DOI: 10.1136/thx.2009.121434
14. Zhou Y, Guo S, He Y, et al. COVID-19 is distinct from SARS-CoV-2-negative community-acquired pneumonia. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2020. DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00322
15. Fang Y, Zhang H, Xie J, et al. Sensitivity of Chest CT for COVID-19: Comparison to RT-PCR. Radiology. 2020; 296: E115–E117. DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2020200432
16. Blažić I, Brkljačić B, Frija G. The use of imaging in COVID-19-results of a global survey by the International Society of Radiology. Eur Radiol. 2021; 31: 1185–93.
17. Thoracic Imaging in COVID-19 infection. Guidance for the reporting radiologist British Society Thoracic Imaging. Version 1. 2020. Available at: www.bsti.org.uk. Accessed: 08.02.2021
18. Duzgun SA, Durhan G, Demirkazik FB, et al. COVID-19 pneumonia: the great radiological mimicker. Insights Imaging. 2020; 11: 118. DOI: 10.1186/s13244-020-00933-z
19. Caruso D, Zerunian M, Polici M, et al. Chest CT Features of COVID-19 in Rome, Italy. Radiology. 2020; 296: E79–E85. DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2020201237
20. Simpson S, Kay FU, Abbara S, et al. Radiological Society of North America Expert Consensus Statement on Reporting Chest CT Findings Related to COVID-19. Endorsed by the Society of Thoracic Radiology, the American College of Radiology, and RSNA. Published Online: Mar 25 2020. DOI: 10.1148/ryct.2020200152
21. Lansbury L, Lim B, Baskaran V, Lim WS. Co-infections in people with COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Infect. 2020; 81: 266–75.
22. Zhou F, Yu T, Du R, et al. Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study. Lancet. 2020; 395 (10229): 1054–62.
23. Metlay JP, Waterer GW. Treatment of community-acquired pneumonia during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Ann Intern Med. 2020; 173 (4): 304–5. 
DOI: 10.7326/M20-2189
24. Sieswerda E, de Boer MGJ, Bonten MMJ, et al. Recommendations for antibacterial therapy in adults with COVID-19 – an evidence-based guideline. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2021; 27: 61–6.

А.И. Синопальников*

ФГБОУ ДПО «Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования» Минздрава России, Москва, Россия
*aisyn@list.ru

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Alexander I. Sinopalnikov*

Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Moscow, Russia
*aisyn@list.ru