Материалы доступны только для специалистов сферы здравоохранения. Авторизуйтесь или зарегистрируйтесь.
Метаболически ассоциированная жировая болезнь печени – заболевание XXI века
Метаболически ассоциированная жировая болезнь печени – заболевание XXI века
Маев И.В., Андреев Д.Н., Кучерявый Ю.А. Метаболически ассоциированная жировая болезнь печени – заболевание XXI века. Consilium Medicum. 2022;24(5):325–332. DOI: 10.26442/20751753.2022.5.201532
© ООО «КОНСИЛИУМ МЕДИКУМ», 2022 г.
© ООО «КОНСИЛИУМ МЕДИКУМ», 2022 г.
________________________________________________
Материалы доступны только для специалистов сферы здравоохранения. Авторизуйтесь или зарегистрируйтесь.
Аннотация
Метаболически ассоциированная жировая болезнь печени (МАЖБП) – это широко распространенное хроническое заболевание, характеризующееся повышенной аккумуляцией жира в печени, в основе которого лежит дисфункция обмена веществ. Частота выявления МАЖБП в большинстве регионов мира значительно превышает 20% и имеет тенденцию к росту. Согласно современным представлениям этиология и патогенез МАЖБП рассматриваются в рамках концепции «множественных параллельных ударов». Согласно этой модели развитие и прогрессирование заболевания происходят в результате взаимодействия множественных генетических, средовых и адаптационных факторов, к которым относятся специфические генетические полиморфизмы (например, гена PNPLA3) и эпигенетические модификации, характер диеты (например, высокое потребление насыщенных жиров и фруктозы), гиподинамия, ожирение, инсулинорезистентность, дисрегуляция продукции адипокинов, липотоксичность, окислительный стресс, дисбиоз кишечной микробиоты (синдром избыточного бактериального роста в тонкой кишке). Базисом диагностики МАЖБП является наличие доказанного стеатоза печени в сочетании с одним из следующих критериев: избыточная масса тела/ожирение, наличие сахарного диабета 2-го типа, признаки метаболической дисрегуляции. В качестве немедикаментозных методов лечения пациентам с МАЖБП рекомендовано снижение массы тела (в случае наличия избыточной массы тела или ожирения), редукция потребления насыщенных жирных кислот и фруктозы, а также включение в рацион достаточного количества омега- 3-полиненасыщенных жирных кислот и пищевых волокон (псиллиума). Фармакотерапия МАЖБП должна быть направлена на коррекцию инсулинорезистентности, улучшение функции печени и снижение риска ассоциированных заболеваний.
Ключевые слова: метаболически ассоциированная жировая болезнь печени, неалкогольная жировая болезнь печени, неалкогольный стеатогепатит, стеатогепатит, стеатоз
Key words: metabolically associated fatty liver disease, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, steatohepatitis, steatosis
Ключевые слова: метаболически ассоциированная жировая болезнь печени, неалкогольная жировая болезнь печени, неалкогольный стеатогепатит, стеатогепатит, стеатоз
________________________________________________
Key words: metabolically associated fatty liver disease, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, steatohepatitis, steatosis
Полный текст
Список литературы
1. Маев И.В., Андреев Д.Н., Кучерявый Ю.А., Умярова Р.М. Метаболически ассоциированная жировая болезнь печени. М.: Прима Принт, 2021 [Maev IV, Andreev DN, Kucheryavyy YuA, Umyarova RM. Metabolicheski assotsiirovannaia zhirovaia bolezn' pecheni. Moscow: Prima Print, 2021 (in Russian)].
2. Eslam M, Newsome PN, Sarin SK, et al. A new definition for metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease: An international expert consensus statement. J Hepatol. 2020;73(1):202-9. DOI:10.1016/j.jhep.2020.03.039
3. Lim S, Kim JW, Targher G. Links between metabolic syndrome and metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease. Trends Endocrinol Metab. 2021;32(7):500-14. DOI:10.1016/j.tem.2021.04.008
4. Маев И.В., Кучерявый Ю.А., Андреев Д.Н. Печень и билиарный тракт при метаболическом синдроме: пособие для врачей. М., 2020 [Maev IV, Kucheryavy YuA, Andreev DN. Pechen' i biliarnyi trakt pri metabolicheskom sindrome: posobie dlia vrachei. Moscow, 2020 (in Russian)].
5. Buzzetti E, Pinzani M, Tsochatzis EA. The multiple-hit pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Metabolism. 2016;65(8):1038-48. DOI:10.1016/j.metabol.2015.12.012
6. Parthasarathy G, Revelo X, Malhi H. Pathogenesis of Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis: An Overview. Hepatol Commun. 2020;4(4):478-92. DOI:10.1002/hep4.1479
7. Martín-Mateos R, Albillos A. The Role of the Gut-Liver Axis in Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver Disease. Front Immunol. 2021;12:660179. DOI:10.3389/fimmu.2021.660179
8. Zhang H-J, Wang Y-Y, Chen C, et al. Cardiovascular and renal burdens of metabolic associated fatty liver disease from serial US national surveys, 1999–2016. Chin Med J (Engl). 2021;134(13):1593-601. DOI:10.1097/CM9.0000000000001513
9. Nguyen VH, Le MH, Cheung RC, Nguyen MH. Differential Clinical Characteristics and Mortality Outcomes in Persons With NAFLD and/or MAFLD. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol.
2021;19(10):2172-81.e6. DOI:10.1016/j.cgh.2021.05.029
10. Addison T. Observations on fatty degeneration of the liver. Guys Hosp Rep. 1836;1(476):485.
11. Rokitansky C. Skizze der Größen und Formabweichungen der Leber. Bruchstück Med Jahrb des kaisl, königl Österr Staates. Wien, Austria: Carl Gerold, 1839.
12. Diseases of the liver. In: Pepper W, Starr L, eds. A System of Practical Medicine, Vol II. Philadelphia, PA: Lea Brothers & Co, 1885.
13. Connor CL. Fatty infiltration of the liver and the development of cirrhosis in diabetes and chronic alcoholism. Am J Pathol. 1938;14(3):347.
14. Brunt EM, Neuschwander-Tetri BA, Burt AD. Fatty liver disease: alcoholic and non-alcoholic. London, UK: Churchill Livingstone, 2011.
15. Ludwig J, Viggiano TR, McGill DB, Oh BJ. Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: Mayo Clinic experiences with a hitherto unnamed disease. Mayo Clin Proc. 1980;55(7):434-8.
16. Fouad Y, Waked I, Bollipo S, et al. What's in a name? Renaming 'NAFLD' to 'MAFLD'. Liver Int. 2020;40(6):1254-61. DOI:10.1111/liv.14478
17. Маев И.В., Андреев Д.Н., Дичева Д.Т., Кузнецова Е.И. Неалкогольная жировая болезнь печени. М., 2017 [Maev IV, Andreev DN, Dicheva DT, Kuznetsova EI. Nealkogol'naia zhirovaia bolezn' pecheni. Moscow, 2017 (in Russian)].
18. Neuschwander-Tetri BA, Caldwell SH. Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: summary of an AASLD Single Topic Conference. Hepatology. 2003;37(5):1202-19. DOI:10.1053/jhep.2003.50193
19. Loria P, Lonardo A, Carulli N. Should nonalcoholic fatty liver disease be renamed? Dig Dis. 2005;23(1):72-82. DOI:10.1159/000084728
20. Корнеева О.Н., Драпкина О.М., Буеверов А.О., Ивашкин В.Т. Неалкогольная жировая болезнь печени как проявление метаболического синдрома. Клин. персп. гастроэнтерол. гепатол. 2005;4:21-4 [Korneeva ON, Drapkina OM, Bueverov AO, Ivashkin VT. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease as a manifestation of metabolic syndrome. Klin. persp. gastroenterol. gepatol. 2005;4:21-4. (in Russian)].
21. Ratziu V, Bellentani S, Cortez-Pinto H, et al. A position statement on NAFLD/NASH based on the EASL 2009 special conference. J Hepatol. 2010;53(2):372-84. DOI:10.1016/j.jhep.2010.04.008
22. Bellentani S, Tiribelli C. Is it time to change NAFLD and NASH nomenclature? Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2017;2(8):547-8. DOI:10.1016/S2468-1253(17)30146-2
23. Маев И.В., Андреев Д.Н., Кучерявый Ю.А., и др. Неалкогольная жировая болезнь печени с позиций современной медицины. М., 2020 [Maev IV, Andreev DN, Kucheryavy YuA, et al. Nealkogol'naia zhirovaia bolezn' pecheni s pozitsii sovremennoi meditsiny. Moscow, 2020 (in Russian)].
24. Córdova-Gallardo J, Keaveny AP, Qi X, Méndez-Sánchez N. Metabolic associated fatty liver disease and acute-on-chronic liver failure: common themes for common problems. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2021;33(1S):e84-e93. DOI:10.1097/MEG.0000000000002335
25. Lin H, Zhang X, Li G, et al. Epidemiology and Clinical Outcomes of Metabolic (Dysfunction)-associated Fatty Liver Disease. J Clin Transl Hepatol. 2021;9(6):972-82. DOI:10.14218/JCTH.2021.00201
26. Yang S, Cheng J, Zhang R, et al. Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease and liver fibrosis: Prevalence and associated factors in the middle-aged and older US population. Hepatol Res. 2022;52(2):176-86. DOI:10.1111/hepr.13728
27. Lin S, Huang J, Wang M, et al. Comparison of MAFLD and NAFLD diagnostic criteria in real world. Liver Int. 2020;40(9):2082-9. DOI:10.1111/liv.14548
28. Younossi ZM, Koenig AB, Abdelatif D, et al. Global epidemiology of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease – Meta-analytic assessment of prevalence, incidence, and outcomes. Hepatology. 2016;64(1):73-84. DOI:10.1002/hep.28431
29. Le MH, Yeo YH, Li X, et al. 2019 Global NAFLD Prevalence: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2021;84(3):749. DOI:10.1016/j.cgh.2021.12.002
30. Ивашкин В.Т., Драпкина О.М., Маев И.В., и др. Распространенность неалкогольной жировой болезни печени у пациентов амбулаторно-поликлинической практики в Российской Федерации: результаты исследования DIREG 2. Российский журнал гастроэнтерологии, гепатологии, колопроктологии. 2015;25(6): 31-41 [Ivashkin VT, Drapkina OM, Maev IV, et al. The prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in outpatients in the Russian Federation: results of the DIREG 2 study. Russian Journal of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Coloproctology. 2015;25(6):31-41 (in Russian)].
31. Vilarinho S, Ajmera V, Zheng M, Loomba R. Emerging Role of Genomic Analysis in Clinical Evaluation of Lean Individuals With NAFLD. Hepatology. 2021;74(4):2241-50. DOI:10.1002/hep.32047
32. Shi Y, Wang Q, Sun Y, et al. The Prevalence of Lean/Nonobese Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2020;54(4):378-87. DOI:10.1097/MCG.0000000000001270
33. Андреев Д.Н., Кучерявый Ю.А. Ожирение как фактор риска заболеваний пищеварительной системы. Терапевтический архив. 2021;93(8):954-62 [Andreev DN, Kucheryavyy YA. Obesity as a risk factor for diseases of the digestive system. Terapevticheskii arkhiv. 2021;93(8):954-62 (in Russian)]. DOI:10.26442/00403660.2021.08.200983
34. Маев И.В., Кучерявый Ю.А., Андреев Д.Н. Ожирение и коморбидность: пособие для врачей. М., 2016 [Maev IV, Kucheryavy YuA, Andreev DN. Ozhirenie i komorbidnost': posobie dlia vrachei. Moscow, 2016 (in Russian)].
35. Андреев Д.Н., Кучерявый Ю.А. Ожирение и гастроэнтерологическая коморбидность. М., 2021 [Andreev DN, Kucheryavy YuA. Ozhirenie i gastroenterologicheskaia komorbidnost. Moscow, 2021 (in Russian)].
36. Roeb E. Excess Body Weight and Metabolic (Dysfunction)-Associated Fatty Liver Disease (MAFLD). Visc Med. 2021;37(4):273-80. DOI:10.1159/000515445
37. Liu J, Ayada I, Zhang X, et al. Estimating Global Prevalence of Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver Disease in Overweight or Obese Adults. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2022;20(3):e573-82. DOI:10.1016/j.cgh.2021.02.030
38. Li L, Liu DW, Yan HY, et al. Obesity is an independent risk factor for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: evidence from a meta-analysis of 21 cohort studies. Obes Rev. 2016;17(6):510-9. DOI:10.1111/obr.12407
39. Lu FB, Hu ED, Xu LM, et al. The relationship between obesity and the severity of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: systematic review and meta-analysis. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2018;12(5):491-502. DOI:10.1080/17474124.2018.1460202
40. Vilarinho S, Ajmera V, Zheng M, Loomba R. Emerging Role of Genomic Analysis in Clinical Evaluation of Lean Individuals With NAFLD. Hepatology. 2021;74(4):2241-50. DOI:10.1002/hep.32047
41. Sookoian S, Pirola CJ. Meta-analysis of the influence of I148M variant of patatin-like phospholipase domain containing 3 gene (PNPLA3) on the susceptibility and histological severity of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Hepatology. 2011;53(6):1883-94. DOI:10.1002/hep.24283
42. Dai G, Liu P, Li X, et al. Association between PNPLA3 rs738409 polymorphism and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) susceptibility and severity: A meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore). 2019;98(7):e14324. DOI:10.1097/MD.0000000000014324
43. Xue W-Y, Zhang L, Liu C-M, et al. Research progress on the relationship between TM6SF2 rs58542926 polymorphism and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2022;16(2):97-107. DOI:10.1080/17474124.2022.2032661
44. Xia M, Ma S, Huang Q, et al. NAFLD-related gene polymorphisms and all-cause and cause-specific mortality in an Asian population: the Shanghai Changfeng Study. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2022;55(6):705-21. DOI:10.1111/apt.16772
45. Wang J, Ye C, Fei S. Association between APOC3 polymorphisms and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease risk: a meta-analysis. Afr Health Sci. 2020;20(4):1800-8. DOI:10.4314/ahs.v20i4.34
46. Mahfood Haddad T, Hamdeh S, Kanmanthareddy A, Alla VM. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and the risk of clinical cardiovascular events: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetes Metab Syndr. 2017;11(S1):S209-16. DOI:10.1016/j.dsx.2016.12.033
47. Kapuria D, Takyar VK, Etzion O, et al. Association of Hepatic Steatosis With Subclinical Atherosclerosis: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Hepatol Commun. 2018;2(8):873-83. DOI:10.1002/hep4.1199
48. Jaruvongvanich V, Sanguankeo A, Upala S. Significant Association Between Gallstone Disease and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Dig Dis Sci. 2016;61(8):2389-96. DOI:10.1007/s10620-016-4125-2
49. Liu SS, Ma XF, Zhao J, et al. Association between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and extrahepatic cancers: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lipids Health Dis. 2020;19(1):118. DOI:10.1186/s12944-020-01288-6
50. Stine JG, Wentworth BJ, Zimmet A, et al. Systematic review with meta-analysis: risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis without cirrhosis compared to other liver diseases. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2018;48(7):696-703. DOI:10.1111/apt.14937
51. Orci LA, Sanduzzi-Zamparelli M, Caballol B, et al. Incidence of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Patients With Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Systematic Review, Meta-analysis, and Meta-regression. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2022;20(2):283-92.e10. DOI:10.1016/j.cgh.2021.05.002
52. Маев И.В., Андреев Д.Н. Неалкогольная жировая болезнь печени: механизмы развития, клинические формы и медикаментозная коррекция. Consilium Medicum. Гастроэнтерология (Прил.) 2012;2:36-9 [Maev IV, Andreev DN. Nealkogol'naya zhirovaya bolezn' pecheni: mekhanizmy razvitiya, klinicheskie formy i medikamentoznaya korrektsiya. Consilium Medicum. Gastroenterologiya (Pril.). 2012;2:36-9 (in Russian)].
53. Mahfood Haddad T, Hamdeh S, Kanmanthareddy A, Alla VM. EASL–EASD–EASO Clinical Practice Guidelines for the management of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. J Hepatol. 2016;64(6):1388-402. DOI:10.1016/j.jhep.2015.11.004
54. Chalasani N, Younossi Z, Lavine JE, et al. The diagnosis and management of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: Practice guidance from the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases. Hepatology. 2018;67(1):328-57. DOI:10.1002/hep.29367
55. Ando Y, Jou JH. Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Recent Guideline Updates. Clin Liver Dis (Hoboken). 2021;17(1):23-8. DOI:10.1002/cld.1045
56. Андреев Д., Маевская Е., Дичева Д., Кузнецова Е. Диетотерапия как приоритетная тактика лечения пациентов с неалкогольной жировой болезнью печени. Врач. 2017;7:2-6 [Andreev D, Maevskaya E, Dicheva D, Kuznetsova E. Dietotherapy as a priority treatment for patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Doctor. 2017;7:2-6 (in Russian)].
57. Андреев Д.Н., Дичева Д.Т., Кузнецова Е.И., Маев И.В. Неалкогольная жировая болезнь печени: лечение с позиций доказательной медицины. Лечащий врач. 2017;2:12-8 [Andreev DN, Dicheva DT, Kuznetsova EI, Maev IV. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: treatment from the standpoint of evidence-based medicine. Therapist. 2017;2:12-8 (in Russian)].
58. Musso G, Cassader M, Rosina F, Gambino R. Impact of current treatments on liver disease, glucose metabolism and cardiovascular risk in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD): a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised trials. Diabetologia. 2012;55(4):885-904. DOI:10.1007/s00125-011-2446-4
59. Lee CH, Fu Y, Yang SJ, Chi CC. Effects of Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Supplementation on Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutrients. 2020;12(9):2769. DOI:10.3390/nu12092769
60. Gibb RD, McRorie JW, Russell DA, et al. Psyllium fiber improves glycemic control proportional to loss of glycemic control: a meta-analysis of data in euglycemic subjects, patients at risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus, and patients being treated for type 2 diabetes mellitus. Am J Clin Nutr. 2015;102(6):1604-14. DOI:10.3945/ajcn.115.106989
61. Xu B, Cao J, Fu J, et al. The effects of nondigestible fermentable carbohydrates on adults with overweight or obesity: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Nutr Rev. 2022;80(2):165-77. DOI:10.1093/nutrit/nuab018
62. Wang ST, Zheng J, Peng HW, et al. Physical activity intervention for non-diabetic patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. BMC Gastroenterol. 2020;20(1):66. DOI:10.1186/s12876-020-01204-3
63. Kumar J, Memon RS, Shahid I, et al. Antidiabetic drugs and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A systematic review, meta-analysis and evidence map. Dig Liver Dis. 2021;53(1):44-51. DOI:10.1016/j.dld.2020.08.021
64. Lian J, Fu J. Pioglitazone for NAFLD Patients With Prediabetes or Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Meta-Analysis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2021;12:615409. DOI:10.3389/fendo.2021.615409
65. Alam F, Islam MA, Mohamed M, et al. Efficacy and Safety of Pioglitazone Monotherapy in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomised Controlled Trials. Sci Rep. 2019;9(1):5389. DOI:10.1038/s41598-019-41854-2
66. Said A, Akhter A. Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials of Pharmacologic Agents in Non-alcoholic Steatohepatitis. Ann Hepatol. 2017;16(4):538-47. DOI:10.5604/01.3001.0010.0284
67. Маев И.В., Абдурахманов Д.Т., Андреев Д.Н., Дичева Д.Т. Алкогольная болезнь печени: современное состояние проблемы. Терапевтический архив. 2014;86(4):108-16 [Maev IV, Abdurakhmanov DT, Andreev DN, Dicheva DT. Alcoholic liver disease: State-of-the-art. Terapevticheskii Arkhiv. (Ter. Arkh.). 2014;86(4):108-16 (in Russian)].
68. Ивашкин В.Т., Маевская М.В., Павлов Ч.С., и др. Клинические рекомендации по диагностике и лечению неалкогольной жировой болезни печени Российского общества по изучению печени и Российской гастроэнтерологической ассоциации. Российский журнал гастроэнтерологии, гепатологии, колопроктологии. 2016;26(2):24-42 [Ivashkin VT, Mayevskaya MV, Pavlov CS, et al. Diagnostics and treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: clinical guidelines of the Russian Scientific Liver Society and the Russian gastroenterological association. Russian Journal of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Coloproctology. 2016;26(2):24-42 (in Russian)]. DOI:10.22416/1382-4376-2016-26-2-24-42
69. Лазебник Л.Б., Голованова Е.В., Туркина С.В., и др. Неалкогольная жировая болезнь печени у взрослых: клиника, диагностика, лечение. Рекомендации для терапевтов, третья версия. Экспериментальная и клиническая гастроэнтерология. 2021;1(1):4-52 [Lazebnik LB, Golovanova EV, Turkina SV, et al. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in adults: clinic, diagnostics, treatment. Guidelines for therapists, third version. Experimental and Clinical Gastroenterology. 2021;1(1):4-52 (in Russian)]. DOI:10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-185-1-4-52
70. Xiang Z, Chen YP, Ma KF, et al. The role of ursodeoxycholic acid in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis: a systematic review. BMC Gastroenterol. 2013;13:140.
DOI:10.1186/1471-230X-13-140
71. Ratziu V, de Ledinghen V, Oberti F, et al. A randomized controlled trial of high-dose ursodesoxycholic acid for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. J Hepatol. 2011;54(5):1011-9. DOI:10.1016/j.jhep.2010.08.030
72. Sánchez-García A, Sahebkar A, Simental-Mendía M, Simental-Mendía LE. Effect of ursodeoxycholic acid on glycemic markers: A systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials. Pharmacol Res. 2018;135:144-9. DOI:10.1016/j.phrs.2018.08.008
73. Simental-Mendía LE, Simental-Mendía M, Sánchez-García A, et al. Impact of ursodeoxycholic acid on circulating lipid concentrations: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized placebo-controlled trials. Lipids Health Dis. 2019;18(1):88. DOI:10.1186/s12944-019-1041-4
2. Eslam M, Newsome PN, Sarin SK, et al. A new definition for metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease: An international expert consensus statement. J Hepatol. 2020;73(1):202-9. DOI:10.1016/j.jhep.2020.03.039
3. Lim S, Kim JW, Targher G. Links between metabolic syndrome and metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease. Trends Endocrinol Metab. 2021;32(7):500-14. DOI:10.1016/j.tem.2021.04.008
4. Maev IV, Kucheryavy YuA, Andreev DN. Pechen' i biliarnyi trakt pri metabolicheskom sindrome: posobie dlia vrachei. Moscow, 2020 (in Russian).
5. Buzzetti E, Pinzani M, Tsochatzis EA. The multiple-hit pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Metabolism. 2016;65(8):1038-48. DOI:10.1016/j.metabol.2015.12.012
6. Parthasarathy G, Revelo X, Malhi H. Pathogenesis of Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis: An Overview. Hepatol Commun. 2020;4(4):478-92. DOI:10.1002/hep4.1479
7. Martín-Mateos R, Albillos A. The Role of the Gut-Liver Axis in Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver Disease. Front Immunol. 2021;12:660179. DOI:10.3389/fimmu.2021.660179
8. Zhang H-J, Wang Y-Y, Chen C, et al. Cardiovascular and renal burdens of metabolic associated fatty liver disease from serial US national surveys, 1999–2016. Chin Med J (Engl). 2021;134(13):1593-601. DOI:10.1097/CM9.0000000000001513
9. Nguyen VH, Le MH, Cheung RC, Nguyen MH. Differential Clinical Characteristics and Mortality Outcomes in Persons With NAFLD and/or MAFLD. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol.
2021;19(10):2172-81.e6. DOI:10.1016/j.cgh.2021.05.029
10. Addison T. Observations on fatty degeneration of the liver. Guys Hosp Rep. 1836;1(476):485.
11. Rokitansky C. Skizze der Größen und Formabweichungen der Leber. Bruchstück Med Jahrb des kaisl, königl Österr Staates. Wien, Austria: Carl Gerold, 1839.
12. Diseases of the liver. In: Pepper W, Starr L, eds. A System of Practical Medicine, Vol II. Philadelphia, PA: Lea Brothers & Co, 1885.
13. Connor CL. Fatty infiltration of the liver and the development of cirrhosis in diabetes and chronic alcoholism. Am J Pathol. 1938;14(3):347.
14. Brunt EM, Neuschwander-Tetri BA, Burt AD. Fatty liver disease: alcoholic and non-alcoholic. London, UK: Churchill Livingstone, 2011.
15. Ludwig J, Viggiano TR, McGill DB, Oh BJ. Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: Mayo Clinic experiences with a hitherto unnamed disease. Mayo Clin Proc. 1980;55(7):434-8.
16. Fouad Y, Waked I, Bollipo S, et al. What's in a name? Renaming 'NAFLD' to 'MAFLD'. Liver Int. 2020;40(6):1254-61. DOI:10.1111/liv.14478
17. Маев И.В., Андреев Д.Н., Дичева Д.Т., Кузнецова Е.И. Неалкогольная жировая болезнь печени. М., 2017 [Maev IV, Andreev DN, Dicheva DT, Kuznetsova EI. Nealkogol'naia zhirovaia bolezn' pecheni. Moscow, 2017 (in Russian)].
18. Neuschwander-Tetri BA, Caldwell SH. Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: summary of an AASLD Single Topic Conference. Hepatology. 2003;37(5):1202-19. DOI:10.1053/jhep.2003.50193
19. Loria P, Lonardo A, Carulli N. Should nonalcoholic fatty liver disease be renamed? Dig Dis. 2005;23(1):72-82. DOI:10.1159/000084728
20. Korneeva ON, Drapkina OM, Bueverov AO, Ivashkin VT. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease as a manifestation of metabolic syndrome. Klin. persp. gastroenterol. gepatol. 2005;4:21-4. (in Russian).
21. Ratziu V, Bellentani S, Cortez-Pinto H, et al. A position statement on NAFLD/NASH based on the EASL 2009 special conference. J Hepatol. 2010;53(2):372-84. DOI:10.1016/j.jhep.2010.04.008
22. Bellentani S, Tiribelli C. Is it time to change NAFLD and NASH nomenclature? Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2017;2(8):547-8. DOI:10.1016/S2468-1253(17)30146-2
23. Maev IV, Andreev DN, Kucheryavy YuA, et al. Nealkogol'naia zhirovaia bolezn' pecheni s pozitsii sovremennoi meditsiny. Moscow, 2020 (in Russian).
24. Córdova-Gallardo J, Keaveny AP, Qi X, Méndez-Sánchez N. Metabolic associated fatty liver disease and acute-on-chronic liver failure: common themes for common problems. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2021;33(1S):e84-e93. DOI:10.1097/MEG.0000000000002335
25. Lin H, Zhang X, Li G, et al. Epidemiology and Clinical Outcomes of Metabolic (Dysfunction)-associated Fatty Liver Disease. J Clin Transl Hepatol. 2021;9(6):972-82. DOI:10.14218/JCTH.2021.00201
26. Yang S, Cheng J, Zhang R, et al. Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease and liver fibrosis: Prevalence and associated factors in the middle-aged and older US population. Hepatol Res. 2022;52(2):176-86. DOI:10.1111/hepr.13728
27. Lin S, Huang J, Wang M, et al. Comparison of MAFLD and NAFLD diagnostic criteria in real world. Liver Int. 2020;40(9):2082-9. DOI:10.1111/liv.14548
28. Younossi ZM, Koenig AB, Abdelatif D, et al. Global epidemiology of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease – Meta-analytic assessment of prevalence, incidence, and outcomes. Hepatology. 2016;64(1):73-84. DOI:10.1002/hep.28431
29. Le MH, Yeo YH, Li X, et al. 2019 Global NAFLD Prevalence: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2021;84(3):749. DOI:10.1016/j.cgh.2021.12.002
30. Ivashkin VT, Drapkina OM, Maev IV, et al. The prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in outpatients in the Russian Federation: results of the DIREG 2 study. Russian Journal of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Coloproctology. 2015;25(6):31-41 (in Russian).
31. Vilarinho S, Ajmera V, Zheng M, Loomba R. Emerging Role of Genomic Analysis in Clinical Evaluation of Lean Individuals With NAFLD. Hepatology. 2021;74(4):2241-50. DOI:10.1002/hep.32047
32. Shi Y, Wang Q, Sun Y, et al. The Prevalence of Lean/Nonobese Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2020;54(4):378-87. DOI:10.1097/MCG.0000000000001270
33. Andreev DN, Kucheryavyy YA. Obesity as a risk factor for diseases of the digestive system. Terapevticheskii arkhiv. 2021;93(8):954-62 (in Russian). DOI:10.26442/00403660.2021.08.200983
34. Maev IV, Kucheryavy YuA, Andreev DN. Ozhirenie i komorbidnost': posobie dlia vrachei. Moscow, 2016 (in Russian).
35. Andreev DN, Kucheryavy YuA. Ozhirenie i gastroenterologicheskaia komorbidnost. Moscow, 2021 (in Russian).
36. Roeb E. Excess Body Weight and Metabolic (Dysfunction)-Associated Fatty Liver Disease (MAFLD). Visc Med. 2021;37(4):273-80. DOI:10.1159/000515445
37. Liu J, Ayada I, Zhang X, et al. Estimating Global Prevalence of Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver Disease in Overweight or Obese Adults. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2022;20(3):e573-82. DOI:10.1016/j.cgh.2021.02.030
38. Li L, Liu DW, Yan HY, et al. Obesity is an independent risk factor for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: evidence from a meta-analysis of 21 cohort studies. Obes Rev. 2016;17(6):510-9. DOI:10.1111/obr.12407
39. Lu FB, Hu ED, Xu LM, et al. The relationship between obesity and the severity of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: systematic review and meta-analysis. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2018;12(5):491-502. DOI:10.1080/17474124.2018.1460202
40. Vilarinho S, Ajmera V, Zheng M, Loomba R. Emerging Role of Genomic Analysis in Clinical Evaluation of Lean Individuals With NAFLD. Hepatology. 2021;74(4):2241-50. DOI:10.1002/hep.32047
41. Sookoian S, Pirola CJ. Meta-analysis of the influence of I148M variant of patatin-like phospholipase domain containing 3 gene (PNPLA3) on the susceptibility and histological severity of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Hepatology. 2011;53(6):1883-94. DOI:10.1002/hep.24283
42. Dai G, Liu P, Li X, et al. Association between PNPLA3 rs738409 polymorphism and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) susceptibility and severity: A meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore). 2019;98(7):e14324. DOI:10.1097/MD.0000000000014324
43. Xue W-Y, Zhang L, Liu C-M, et al. Research progress on the relationship between TM6SF2 rs58542926 polymorphism and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2022;16(2):97-107. DOI:10.1080/17474124.2022.2032661
44. Xia M, Ma S, Huang Q, et al. NAFLD-related gene polymorphisms and all-cause and cause-specific mortality in an Asian population: the Shanghai Changfeng Study. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2022;55(6):705-21. DOI:10.1111/apt.16772
45. Wang J, Ye C, Fei S. Association between APOC3 polymorphisms and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease risk: a meta-analysis. Afr Health Sci. 2020;20(4):1800-8. DOI:10.4314/ahs.v20i4.34
46. Mahfood Haddad T, Hamdeh S, Kanmanthareddy A, Alla VM. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and the risk of clinical cardiovascular events: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetes Metab Syndr. 2017;11(S1):S209-16. DOI:10.1016/j.dsx.2016.12.033
47. Kapuria D, Takyar VK, Etzion O, et al. Association of Hepatic Steatosis With Subclinical Atherosclerosis: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Hepatol Commun. 2018;2(8):873-83. DOI:10.1002/hep4.1199
48. Jaruvongvanich V, Sanguankeo A, Upala S. Significant Association Between Gallstone Disease and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Dig Dis Sci. 2016;61(8):2389-96. DOI:10.1007/s10620-016-4125-2
49. Liu SS, Ma XF, Zhao J, et al. Association between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and extrahepatic cancers: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lipids Health Dis. 2020;19(1):118. DOI:10.1186/s12944-020-01288-6
50. Stine JG, Wentworth BJ, Zimmet A, et al. Systematic review with meta-analysis: risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis without cirrhosis compared to other liver diseases. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2018;48(7):696-703. DOI:10.1111/apt.14937
51. Orci LA, Sanduzzi-Zamparelli M, Caballol B, et al. Incidence of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Patients With Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Systematic Review, Meta-analysis, and Meta-regression. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2022;20(2):283-92.e10. DOI:10.1016/j.cgh.2021.05.002
52. Maev IV, Andreev DN. Nealkogol'naya zhirovaya bolezn' pecheni: mekhanizmy razvitiya, klinicheskie formy i medikamentoznaya korrektsiya. Consilium Medicum. Gastroenterologiya (Pril.). 2012;2:36-9 (in Russian).
53. Mahfood Haddad T, Hamdeh S, Kanmanthareddy A, Alla VM. EASL–EASD–EASO Clinical Practice Guidelines for the management of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. J Hepatol. 2016;64(6):1388-402. DOI:10.1016/j.jhep.2015.11.004
54. Chalasani N, Younossi Z, Lavine JE, et al. The diagnosis and management of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: Practice guidance from the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases. Hepatology. 2018;67(1):328-57. DOI:10.1002/hep.29367
55. Ando Y, Jou JH. Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Recent Guideline Updates. Clin Liver Dis (Hoboken). 2021;17(1):23-8. DOI:10.1002/cld.1045
56. Андреев Д., Маевская Е., Дичева Д., Кузнецова Е. Диетотерапия как приоритетная тактика лечения пациентов с неалкогольной жировой болезнью печени. Врач. 2017;7:2-6 [Andreev D, Maevskaya E, Dicheva D, Kuznetsova E. Dietotherapy as a priority treatment for patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Doctor. 2017;7:2-6 (in Russian)].
57. Andreev DN, Dicheva DT, Kuznetsova EI, Maev IV. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: treatment from the standpoint of evidence-based medicine. Therapist. 2017;2:12-8 (in Russian).
58. Musso G, Cassader M, Rosina F, Gambino R. Impact of current treatments on liver disease, glucose metabolism and cardiovascular risk in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD): a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised trials. Diabetologia. 2012;55(4):885-904. DOI:10.1007/s00125-011-2446-4
59. Lee CH, Fu Y, Yang SJ, Chi CC. Effects of Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Supplementation on Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutrients. 2020;12(9):2769. DOI:10.3390/nu12092769
60. Gibb RD, McRorie JW, Russell DA, et al. Psyllium fiber improves glycemic control proportional to loss of glycemic control: a meta-analysis of data in euglycemic subjects, patients at risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus, and patients being treated for type 2 diabetes mellitus. Am J Clin Nutr. 2015;102(6):1604-14. DOI:10.3945/ajcn.115.106989
61. Xu B, Cao J, Fu J, et al. The effects of nondigestible fermentable carbohydrates on adults with overweight or obesity: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Nutr Rev. 2022;80(2):165-77. DOI:10.1093/nutrit/nuab018
62. Wang ST, Zheng J, Peng HW, et al. Physical activity intervention for non-diabetic patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. BMC Gastroenterol. 2020;20(1):66. DOI:10.1186/s12876-020-01204-3
63. Kumar J, Memon RS, Shahid I, et al. Antidiabetic drugs and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A systematic review, meta-analysis and evidence map. Dig Liver Dis. 2021;53(1):44-51. DOI:10.1016/j.dld.2020.08.021
64. Lian J, Fu J. Pioglitazone for NAFLD Patients With Prediabetes or Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Meta-Analysis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2021;12:615409. DOI:10.3389/fendo.2021.615409
65. Alam F, Islam MA, Mohamed M, et al. Efficacy and Safety of Pioglitazone Monotherapy in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomised Controlled Trials. Sci Rep. 2019;9(1):5389. DOI:10.1038/s41598-019-41854-2
66. Said A, Akhter A. Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials of Pharmacologic Agents in Non-alcoholic Steatohepatitis. Ann Hepatol. 2017;16(4):538-47. DOI:10.5604/01.3001.0010.0284
67. Maev IV, Abdurakhmanov DT, Andreev DN, Dicheva DT. Alcoholic liver disease: State-of-the-art. Terapevticheskii Arkhiv. (Ter. Arkh.). 2014;86(4):108-16 (in Russian).
68. Ivashkin VT, Mayevskaya MV, Pavlov CS, et al. Diagnostics and treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: clinical guidelines of the Russian Scientific Liver Society and the Russian gastroenterological association. Russian Journal of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Coloproctology. 2016;26(2):24-42 (in Russian). DOI:10.22416/1382-4376-2016-26-2-24-42
69. Lazebnik LB, Golovanova EV, Turkina SV, et al. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in adults: clinic, diagnostics, treatment. Guidelines for therapists, third version. Experimental and Clinical Gastroenterology. 2021;1(1):4-52 (in Russian). DOI:10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-185-1-4-52
70. Xiang Z, Chen YP, Ma KF, et al. The role of ursodeoxycholic acid in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis: a systematic review. BMC Gastroenterol. 2013;13:140.
DOI:10.1186/1471-230X-13-140
71. Ratziu V, de Ledinghen V, Oberti F, et al. A randomized controlled trial of high-dose ursodesoxycholic acid for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. J Hepatol. 2011;54(5):1011-9. DOI:10.1016/j.jhep.2010.08.030
72. Sánchez-García A, Sahebkar A, Simental-Mendía M, Simental-Mendía LE. Effect of ursodeoxycholic acid on glycemic markers: A systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials. Pharmacol Res. 2018;135:144-9. DOI:10.1016/j.phrs.2018.08.008
73. Simental-Mendía LE, Simental-Mendía M, Sánchez-García A, et al. Impact of ursodeoxycholic acid on circulating lipid concentrations: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized placebo-controlled trials. Lipids Health Dis. 2019;18(1):88. DOI:10.1186/s12944-019-1041-4
2. Eslam M, Newsome PN, Sarin SK, et al. A new definition for metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease: An international expert consensus statement. J Hepatol. 2020;73(1):202-9. DOI:10.1016/j.jhep.2020.03.039
3. Lim S, Kim JW, Targher G. Links between metabolic syndrome and metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease. Trends Endocrinol Metab. 2021;32(7):500-14. DOI:10.1016/j.tem.2021.04.008
4. Маев И.В., Кучерявый Ю.А., Андреев Д.Н. Печень и билиарный тракт при метаболическом синдроме: пособие для врачей. М., 2020 [Maev IV, Kucheryavy YuA, Andreev DN. Pechen' i biliarnyi trakt pri metabolicheskom sindrome: posobie dlia vrachei. Moscow, 2020 (in Russian)].
5. Buzzetti E, Pinzani M, Tsochatzis EA. The multiple-hit pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Metabolism. 2016;65(8):1038-48. DOI:10.1016/j.metabol.2015.12.012
6. Parthasarathy G, Revelo X, Malhi H. Pathogenesis of Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis: An Overview. Hepatol Commun. 2020;4(4):478-92. DOI:10.1002/hep4.1479
7. Martín-Mateos R, Albillos A. The Role of the Gut-Liver Axis in Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver Disease. Front Immunol. 2021;12:660179. DOI:10.3389/fimmu.2021.660179
8. Zhang H-J, Wang Y-Y, Chen C, et al. Cardiovascular and renal burdens of metabolic associated fatty liver disease from serial US national surveys, 1999–2016. Chin Med J (Engl). 2021;134(13):1593-601. DOI:10.1097/CM9.0000000000001513
9. Nguyen VH, Le MH, Cheung RC, Nguyen MH. Differential Clinical Characteristics and Mortality Outcomes in Persons With NAFLD and/or MAFLD. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol.
2021;19(10):2172-81.e6. DOI:10.1016/j.cgh.2021.05.029
10. Addison T. Observations on fatty degeneration of the liver. Guys Hosp Rep. 1836;1(476):485.
11. Rokitansky C. Skizze der Größen und Formabweichungen der Leber. Bruchstück Med Jahrb des kaisl, königl Österr Staates. Wien, Austria: Carl Gerold, 1839.
12. Diseases of the liver. In: Pepper W, Starr L, eds. A System of Practical Medicine, Vol II. Philadelphia, PA: Lea Brothers & Co, 1885.
13. Connor CL. Fatty infiltration of the liver and the development of cirrhosis in diabetes and chronic alcoholism. Am J Pathol. 1938;14(3):347.
14. Brunt EM, Neuschwander-Tetri BA, Burt AD. Fatty liver disease: alcoholic and non-alcoholic. London, UK: Churchill Livingstone, 2011.
15. Ludwig J, Viggiano TR, McGill DB, Oh BJ. Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: Mayo Clinic experiences with a hitherto unnamed disease. Mayo Clin Proc. 1980;55(7):434-8.
16. Fouad Y, Waked I, Bollipo S, et al. What's in a name? Renaming 'NAFLD' to 'MAFLD'. Liver Int. 2020;40(6):1254-61. DOI:10.1111/liv.14478
17. Маев И.В., Андреев Д.Н., Дичева Д.Т., Кузнецова Е.И. Неалкогольная жировая болезнь печени. М., 2017 [Maev IV, Andreev DN, Dicheva DT, Kuznetsova EI. Nealkogol'naia zhirovaia bolezn' pecheni. Moscow, 2017 (in Russian)].
18. Neuschwander-Tetri BA, Caldwell SH. Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: summary of an AASLD Single Topic Conference. Hepatology. 2003;37(5):1202-19. DOI:10.1053/jhep.2003.50193
19. Loria P, Lonardo A, Carulli N. Should nonalcoholic fatty liver disease be renamed? Dig Dis. 2005;23(1):72-82. DOI:10.1159/000084728
20. Корнеева О.Н., Драпкина О.М., Буеверов А.О., Ивашкин В.Т. Неалкогольная жировая болезнь печени как проявление метаболического синдрома. Клин. персп. гастроэнтерол. гепатол. 2005;4:21-4 [Korneeva ON, Drapkina OM, Bueverov AO, Ivashkin VT. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease as a manifestation of metabolic syndrome. Klin. persp. gastroenterol. gepatol. 2005;4:21-4. (in Russian)].
21. Ratziu V, Bellentani S, Cortez-Pinto H, et al. A position statement on NAFLD/NASH based on the EASL 2009 special conference. J Hepatol. 2010;53(2):372-84. DOI:10.1016/j.jhep.2010.04.008
22. Bellentani S, Tiribelli C. Is it time to change NAFLD and NASH nomenclature? Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2017;2(8):547-8. DOI:10.1016/S2468-1253(17)30146-2
23. Маев И.В., Андреев Д.Н., Кучерявый Ю.А., и др. Неалкогольная жировая болезнь печени с позиций современной медицины. М., 2020 [Maev IV, Andreev DN, Kucheryavy YuA, et al. Nealkogol'naia zhirovaia bolezn' pecheni s pozitsii sovremennoi meditsiny. Moscow, 2020 (in Russian)].
24. Córdova-Gallardo J, Keaveny AP, Qi X, Méndez-Sánchez N. Metabolic associated fatty liver disease and acute-on-chronic liver failure: common themes for common problems. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2021;33(1S):e84-e93. DOI:10.1097/MEG.0000000000002335
25. Lin H, Zhang X, Li G, et al. Epidemiology and Clinical Outcomes of Metabolic (Dysfunction)-associated Fatty Liver Disease. J Clin Transl Hepatol. 2021;9(6):972-82. DOI:10.14218/JCTH.2021.00201
26. Yang S, Cheng J, Zhang R, et al. Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease and liver fibrosis: Prevalence and associated factors in the middle-aged and older US population. Hepatol Res. 2022;52(2):176-86. DOI:10.1111/hepr.13728
27. Lin S, Huang J, Wang M, et al. Comparison of MAFLD and NAFLD diagnostic criteria in real world. Liver Int. 2020;40(9):2082-9. DOI:10.1111/liv.14548
28. Younossi ZM, Koenig AB, Abdelatif D, et al. Global epidemiology of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease – Meta-analytic assessment of prevalence, incidence, and outcomes. Hepatology. 2016;64(1):73-84. DOI:10.1002/hep.28431
29. Le MH, Yeo YH, Li X, et al. 2019 Global NAFLD Prevalence: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2021;84(3):749. DOI:10.1016/j.cgh.2021.12.002
30. Ивашкин В.Т., Драпкина О.М., Маев И.В., и др. Распространенность неалкогольной жировой болезни печени у пациентов амбулаторно-поликлинической практики в Российской Федерации: результаты исследования DIREG 2. Российский журнал гастроэнтерологии, гепатологии, колопроктологии. 2015;25(6): 31-41 [Ivashkin VT, Drapkina OM, Maev IV, et al. The prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in outpatients in the Russian Federation: results of the DIREG 2 study. Russian Journal of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Coloproctology. 2015;25(6):31-41 (in Russian)].
31. Vilarinho S, Ajmera V, Zheng M, Loomba R. Emerging Role of Genomic Analysis in Clinical Evaluation of Lean Individuals With NAFLD. Hepatology. 2021;74(4):2241-50. DOI:10.1002/hep.32047
32. Shi Y, Wang Q, Sun Y, et al. The Prevalence of Lean/Nonobese Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2020;54(4):378-87. DOI:10.1097/MCG.0000000000001270
33. Андреев Д.Н., Кучерявый Ю.А. Ожирение как фактор риска заболеваний пищеварительной системы. Терапевтический архив. 2021;93(8):954-62 [Andreev DN, Kucheryavyy YA. Obesity as a risk factor for diseases of the digestive system. Terapevticheskii arkhiv. 2021;93(8):954-62 (in Russian)]. DOI:10.26442/00403660.2021.08.200983
34. Маев И.В., Кучерявый Ю.А., Андреев Д.Н. Ожирение и коморбидность: пособие для врачей. М., 2016 [Maev IV, Kucheryavy YuA, Andreev DN. Ozhirenie i komorbidnost': posobie dlia vrachei. Moscow, 2016 (in Russian)].
35. Андреев Д.Н., Кучерявый Ю.А. Ожирение и гастроэнтерологическая коморбидность. М., 2021 [Andreev DN, Kucheryavy YuA. Ozhirenie i gastroenterologicheskaia komorbidnost. Moscow, 2021 (in Russian)].
36. Roeb E. Excess Body Weight and Metabolic (Dysfunction)-Associated Fatty Liver Disease (MAFLD). Visc Med. 2021;37(4):273-80. DOI:10.1159/000515445
37. Liu J, Ayada I, Zhang X, et al. Estimating Global Prevalence of Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver Disease in Overweight or Obese Adults. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2022;20(3):e573-82. DOI:10.1016/j.cgh.2021.02.030
38. Li L, Liu DW, Yan HY, et al. Obesity is an independent risk factor for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: evidence from a meta-analysis of 21 cohort studies. Obes Rev. 2016;17(6):510-9. DOI:10.1111/obr.12407
39. Lu FB, Hu ED, Xu LM, et al. The relationship between obesity and the severity of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: systematic review and meta-analysis. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2018;12(5):491-502. DOI:10.1080/17474124.2018.1460202
40. Vilarinho S, Ajmera V, Zheng M, Loomba R. Emerging Role of Genomic Analysis in Clinical Evaluation of Lean Individuals With NAFLD. Hepatology. 2021;74(4):2241-50. DOI:10.1002/hep.32047
41. Sookoian S, Pirola CJ. Meta-analysis of the influence of I148M variant of patatin-like phospholipase domain containing 3 gene (PNPLA3) on the susceptibility and histological severity of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Hepatology. 2011;53(6):1883-94. DOI:10.1002/hep.24283
42. Dai G, Liu P, Li X, et al. Association between PNPLA3 rs738409 polymorphism and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) susceptibility and severity: A meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore). 2019;98(7):e14324. DOI:10.1097/MD.0000000000014324
43. Xue W-Y, Zhang L, Liu C-M, et al. Research progress on the relationship between TM6SF2 rs58542926 polymorphism and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2022;16(2):97-107. DOI:10.1080/17474124.2022.2032661
44. Xia M, Ma S, Huang Q, et al. NAFLD-related gene polymorphisms and all-cause and cause-specific mortality in an Asian population: the Shanghai Changfeng Study. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2022;55(6):705-21. DOI:10.1111/apt.16772
45. Wang J, Ye C, Fei S. Association between APOC3 polymorphisms and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease risk: a meta-analysis. Afr Health Sci. 2020;20(4):1800-8. DOI:10.4314/ahs.v20i4.34
46. Mahfood Haddad T, Hamdeh S, Kanmanthareddy A, Alla VM. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and the risk of clinical cardiovascular events: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetes Metab Syndr. 2017;11(S1):S209-16. DOI:10.1016/j.dsx.2016.12.033
47. Kapuria D, Takyar VK, Etzion O, et al. Association of Hepatic Steatosis With Subclinical Atherosclerosis: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Hepatol Commun. 2018;2(8):873-83. DOI:10.1002/hep4.1199
48. Jaruvongvanich V, Sanguankeo A, Upala S. Significant Association Between Gallstone Disease and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Dig Dis Sci. 2016;61(8):2389-96. DOI:10.1007/s10620-016-4125-2
49. Liu SS, Ma XF, Zhao J, et al. Association between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and extrahepatic cancers: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lipids Health Dis. 2020;19(1):118. DOI:10.1186/s12944-020-01288-6
50. Stine JG, Wentworth BJ, Zimmet A, et al. Systematic review with meta-analysis: risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis without cirrhosis compared to other liver diseases. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2018;48(7):696-703. DOI:10.1111/apt.14937
51. Orci LA, Sanduzzi-Zamparelli M, Caballol B, et al. Incidence of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Patients With Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Systematic Review, Meta-analysis, and Meta-regression. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2022;20(2):283-92.e10. DOI:10.1016/j.cgh.2021.05.002
52. Маев И.В., Андреев Д.Н. Неалкогольная жировая болезнь печени: механизмы развития, клинические формы и медикаментозная коррекция. Consilium Medicum. Гастроэнтерология (Прил.) 2012;2:36-9 [Maev IV, Andreev DN. Nealkogol'naya zhirovaya bolezn' pecheni: mekhanizmy razvitiya, klinicheskie formy i medikamentoznaya korrektsiya. Consilium Medicum. Gastroenterologiya (Pril.). 2012;2:36-9 (in Russian)].
53. Mahfood Haddad T, Hamdeh S, Kanmanthareddy A, Alla VM. EASL–EASD–EASO Clinical Practice Guidelines for the management of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. J Hepatol. 2016;64(6):1388-402. DOI:10.1016/j.jhep.2015.11.004
54. Chalasani N, Younossi Z, Lavine JE, et al. The diagnosis and management of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: Practice guidance from the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases. Hepatology. 2018;67(1):328-57. DOI:10.1002/hep.29367
55. Ando Y, Jou JH. Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Recent Guideline Updates. Clin Liver Dis (Hoboken). 2021;17(1):23-8. DOI:10.1002/cld.1045
56. Андреев Д., Маевская Е., Дичева Д., Кузнецова Е. Диетотерапия как приоритетная тактика лечения пациентов с неалкогольной жировой болезнью печени. Врач. 2017;7:2-6 [Andreev D, Maevskaya E, Dicheva D, Kuznetsova E. Dietotherapy as a priority treatment for patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Doctor. 2017;7:2-6 (in Russian)].
57. Андреев Д.Н., Дичева Д.Т., Кузнецова Е.И., Маев И.В. Неалкогольная жировая болезнь печени: лечение с позиций доказательной медицины. Лечащий врач. 2017;2:12-8 [Andreev DN, Dicheva DT, Kuznetsova EI, Maev IV. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: treatment from the standpoint of evidence-based medicine. Therapist. 2017;2:12-8 (in Russian)].
58. Musso G, Cassader M, Rosina F, Gambino R. Impact of current treatments on liver disease, glucose metabolism and cardiovascular risk in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD): a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised trials. Diabetologia. 2012;55(4):885-904. DOI:10.1007/s00125-011-2446-4
59. Lee CH, Fu Y, Yang SJ, Chi CC. Effects of Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Supplementation on Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutrients. 2020;12(9):2769. DOI:10.3390/nu12092769
60. Gibb RD, McRorie JW, Russell DA, et al. Psyllium fiber improves glycemic control proportional to loss of glycemic control: a meta-analysis of data in euglycemic subjects, patients at risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus, and patients being treated for type 2 diabetes mellitus. Am J Clin Nutr. 2015;102(6):1604-14. DOI:10.3945/ajcn.115.106989
61. Xu B, Cao J, Fu J, et al. The effects of nondigestible fermentable carbohydrates on adults with overweight or obesity: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Nutr Rev. 2022;80(2):165-77. DOI:10.1093/nutrit/nuab018
62. Wang ST, Zheng J, Peng HW, et al. Physical activity intervention for non-diabetic patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. BMC Gastroenterol. 2020;20(1):66. DOI:10.1186/s12876-020-01204-3
63. Kumar J, Memon RS, Shahid I, et al. Antidiabetic drugs and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A systematic review, meta-analysis and evidence map. Dig Liver Dis. 2021;53(1):44-51. DOI:10.1016/j.dld.2020.08.021
64. Lian J, Fu J. Pioglitazone for NAFLD Patients With Prediabetes or Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Meta-Analysis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2021;12:615409. DOI:10.3389/fendo.2021.615409
65. Alam F, Islam MA, Mohamed M, et al. Efficacy and Safety of Pioglitazone Monotherapy in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomised Controlled Trials. Sci Rep. 2019;9(1):5389. DOI:10.1038/s41598-019-41854-2
66. Said A, Akhter A. Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials of Pharmacologic Agents in Non-alcoholic Steatohepatitis. Ann Hepatol. 2017;16(4):538-47. DOI:10.5604/01.3001.0010.0284
67. Маев И.В., Абдурахманов Д.Т., Андреев Д.Н., Дичева Д.Т. Алкогольная болезнь печени: современное состояние проблемы. Терапевтический архив. 2014;86(4):108-16 [Maev IV, Abdurakhmanov DT, Andreev DN, Dicheva DT. Alcoholic liver disease: State-of-the-art. Terapevticheskii Arkhiv. (Ter. Arkh.). 2014;86(4):108-16 (in Russian)].
68. Ивашкин В.Т., Маевская М.В., Павлов Ч.С., и др. Клинические рекомендации по диагностике и лечению неалкогольной жировой болезни печени Российского общества по изучению печени и Российской гастроэнтерологической ассоциации. Российский журнал гастроэнтерологии, гепатологии, колопроктологии. 2016;26(2):24-42 [Ivashkin VT, Mayevskaya MV, Pavlov CS, et al. Diagnostics and treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: clinical guidelines of the Russian Scientific Liver Society and the Russian gastroenterological association. Russian Journal of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Coloproctology. 2016;26(2):24-42 (in Russian)]. DOI:10.22416/1382-4376-2016-26-2-24-42
69. Лазебник Л.Б., Голованова Е.В., Туркина С.В., и др. Неалкогольная жировая болезнь печени у взрослых: клиника, диагностика, лечение. Рекомендации для терапевтов, третья версия. Экспериментальная и клиническая гастроэнтерология. 2021;1(1):4-52 [Lazebnik LB, Golovanova EV, Turkina SV, et al. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in adults: clinic, diagnostics, treatment. Guidelines for therapists, third version. Experimental and Clinical Gastroenterology. 2021;1(1):4-52 (in Russian)]. DOI:10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-185-1-4-52
70. Xiang Z, Chen YP, Ma KF, et al. The role of ursodeoxycholic acid in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis: a systematic review. BMC Gastroenterol. 2013;13:140.
DOI:10.1186/1471-230X-13-140
71. Ratziu V, de Ledinghen V, Oberti F, et al. A randomized controlled trial of high-dose ursodesoxycholic acid for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. J Hepatol. 2011;54(5):1011-9. DOI:10.1016/j.jhep.2010.08.030
72. Sánchez-García A, Sahebkar A, Simental-Mendía M, Simental-Mendía LE. Effect of ursodeoxycholic acid on glycemic markers: A systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials. Pharmacol Res. 2018;135:144-9. DOI:10.1016/j.phrs.2018.08.008
73. Simental-Mendía LE, Simental-Mendía M, Sánchez-García A, et al. Impact of ursodeoxycholic acid on circulating lipid concentrations: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized placebo-controlled trials. Lipids Health Dis. 2019;18(1):88. DOI:10.1186/s12944-019-1041-4
________________________________________________
2. Eslam M, Newsome PN, Sarin SK, et al. A new definition for metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease: An international expert consensus statement. J Hepatol. 2020;73(1):202-9. DOI:10.1016/j.jhep.2020.03.039
3. Lim S, Kim JW, Targher G. Links between metabolic syndrome and metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease. Trends Endocrinol Metab. 2021;32(7):500-14. DOI:10.1016/j.tem.2021.04.008
4. Maev IV, Kucheryavy YuA, Andreev DN. Pechen' i biliarnyi trakt pri metabolicheskom sindrome: posobie dlia vrachei. Moscow, 2020 (in Russian).
5. Buzzetti E, Pinzani M, Tsochatzis EA. The multiple-hit pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Metabolism. 2016;65(8):1038-48. DOI:10.1016/j.metabol.2015.12.012
6. Parthasarathy G, Revelo X, Malhi H. Pathogenesis of Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis: An Overview. Hepatol Commun. 2020;4(4):478-92. DOI:10.1002/hep4.1479
7. Martín-Mateos R, Albillos A. The Role of the Gut-Liver Axis in Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver Disease. Front Immunol. 2021;12:660179. DOI:10.3389/fimmu.2021.660179
8. Zhang H-J, Wang Y-Y, Chen C, et al. Cardiovascular and renal burdens of metabolic associated fatty liver disease from serial US national surveys, 1999–2016. Chin Med J (Engl). 2021;134(13):1593-601. DOI:10.1097/CM9.0000000000001513
9. Nguyen VH, Le MH, Cheung RC, Nguyen MH. Differential Clinical Characteristics and Mortality Outcomes in Persons With NAFLD and/or MAFLD. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol.
2021;19(10):2172-81.e6. DOI:10.1016/j.cgh.2021.05.029
10. Addison T. Observations on fatty degeneration of the liver. Guys Hosp Rep. 1836;1(476):485.
11. Rokitansky C. Skizze der Größen und Formabweichungen der Leber. Bruchstück Med Jahrb des kaisl, königl Österr Staates. Wien, Austria: Carl Gerold, 1839.
12. Diseases of the liver. In: Pepper W, Starr L, eds. A System of Practical Medicine, Vol II. Philadelphia, PA: Lea Brothers & Co, 1885.
13. Connor CL. Fatty infiltration of the liver and the development of cirrhosis in diabetes and chronic alcoholism. Am J Pathol. 1938;14(3):347.
14. Brunt EM, Neuschwander-Tetri BA, Burt AD. Fatty liver disease: alcoholic and non-alcoholic. London, UK: Churchill Livingstone, 2011.
15. Ludwig J, Viggiano TR, McGill DB, Oh BJ. Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: Mayo Clinic experiences with a hitherto unnamed disease. Mayo Clin Proc. 1980;55(7):434-8.
16. Fouad Y, Waked I, Bollipo S, et al. What's in a name? Renaming 'NAFLD' to 'MAFLD'. Liver Int. 2020;40(6):1254-61. DOI:10.1111/liv.14478
17. Маев И.В., Андреев Д.Н., Дичева Д.Т., Кузнецова Е.И. Неалкогольная жировая болезнь печени. М., 2017 [Maev IV, Andreev DN, Dicheva DT, Kuznetsova EI. Nealkogol'naia zhirovaia bolezn' pecheni. Moscow, 2017 (in Russian)].
18. Neuschwander-Tetri BA, Caldwell SH. Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: summary of an AASLD Single Topic Conference. Hepatology. 2003;37(5):1202-19. DOI:10.1053/jhep.2003.50193
19. Loria P, Lonardo A, Carulli N. Should nonalcoholic fatty liver disease be renamed? Dig Dis. 2005;23(1):72-82. DOI:10.1159/000084728
20. Korneeva ON, Drapkina OM, Bueverov AO, Ivashkin VT. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease as a manifestation of metabolic syndrome. Klin. persp. gastroenterol. gepatol. 2005;4:21-4. (in Russian).
21. Ratziu V, Bellentani S, Cortez-Pinto H, et al. A position statement on NAFLD/NASH based on the EASL 2009 special conference. J Hepatol. 2010;53(2):372-84. DOI:10.1016/j.jhep.2010.04.008
22. Bellentani S, Tiribelli C. Is it time to change NAFLD and NASH nomenclature? Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2017;2(8):547-8. DOI:10.1016/S2468-1253(17)30146-2
23. Maev IV, Andreev DN, Kucheryavy YuA, et al. Nealkogol'naia zhirovaia bolezn' pecheni s pozitsii sovremennoi meditsiny. Moscow, 2020 (in Russian).
24. Córdova-Gallardo J, Keaveny AP, Qi X, Méndez-Sánchez N. Metabolic associated fatty liver disease and acute-on-chronic liver failure: common themes for common problems. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2021;33(1S):e84-e93. DOI:10.1097/MEG.0000000000002335
25. Lin H, Zhang X, Li G, et al. Epidemiology and Clinical Outcomes of Metabolic (Dysfunction)-associated Fatty Liver Disease. J Clin Transl Hepatol. 2021;9(6):972-82. DOI:10.14218/JCTH.2021.00201
26. Yang S, Cheng J, Zhang R, et al. Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease and liver fibrosis: Prevalence and associated factors in the middle-aged and older US population. Hepatol Res. 2022;52(2):176-86. DOI:10.1111/hepr.13728
27. Lin S, Huang J, Wang M, et al. Comparison of MAFLD and NAFLD diagnostic criteria in real world. Liver Int. 2020;40(9):2082-9. DOI:10.1111/liv.14548
28. Younossi ZM, Koenig AB, Abdelatif D, et al. Global epidemiology of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease – Meta-analytic assessment of prevalence, incidence, and outcomes. Hepatology. 2016;64(1):73-84. DOI:10.1002/hep.28431
29. Le MH, Yeo YH, Li X, et al. 2019 Global NAFLD Prevalence: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2021;84(3):749. DOI:10.1016/j.cgh.2021.12.002
30. Ivashkin VT, Drapkina OM, Maev IV, et al. The prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in outpatients in the Russian Federation: results of the DIREG 2 study. Russian Journal of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Coloproctology. 2015;25(6):31-41 (in Russian).
31. Vilarinho S, Ajmera V, Zheng M, Loomba R. Emerging Role of Genomic Analysis in Clinical Evaluation of Lean Individuals With NAFLD. Hepatology. 2021;74(4):2241-50. DOI:10.1002/hep.32047
32. Shi Y, Wang Q, Sun Y, et al. The Prevalence of Lean/Nonobese Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2020;54(4):378-87. DOI:10.1097/MCG.0000000000001270
33. Andreev DN, Kucheryavyy YA. Obesity as a risk factor for diseases of the digestive system. Terapevticheskii arkhiv. 2021;93(8):954-62 (in Russian). DOI:10.26442/00403660.2021.08.200983
34. Maev IV, Kucheryavy YuA, Andreev DN. Ozhirenie i komorbidnost': posobie dlia vrachei. Moscow, 2016 (in Russian).
35. Andreev DN, Kucheryavy YuA. Ozhirenie i gastroenterologicheskaia komorbidnost. Moscow, 2021 (in Russian).
36. Roeb E. Excess Body Weight and Metabolic (Dysfunction)-Associated Fatty Liver Disease (MAFLD). Visc Med. 2021;37(4):273-80. DOI:10.1159/000515445
37. Liu J, Ayada I, Zhang X, et al. Estimating Global Prevalence of Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver Disease in Overweight or Obese Adults. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2022;20(3):e573-82. DOI:10.1016/j.cgh.2021.02.030
38. Li L, Liu DW, Yan HY, et al. Obesity is an independent risk factor for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: evidence from a meta-analysis of 21 cohort studies. Obes Rev. 2016;17(6):510-9. DOI:10.1111/obr.12407
39. Lu FB, Hu ED, Xu LM, et al. The relationship between obesity and the severity of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: systematic review and meta-analysis. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2018;12(5):491-502. DOI:10.1080/17474124.2018.1460202
40. Vilarinho S, Ajmera V, Zheng M, Loomba R. Emerging Role of Genomic Analysis in Clinical Evaluation of Lean Individuals With NAFLD. Hepatology. 2021;74(4):2241-50. DOI:10.1002/hep.32047
41. Sookoian S, Pirola CJ. Meta-analysis of the influence of I148M variant of patatin-like phospholipase domain containing 3 gene (PNPLA3) on the susceptibility and histological severity of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Hepatology. 2011;53(6):1883-94. DOI:10.1002/hep.24283
42. Dai G, Liu P, Li X, et al. Association between PNPLA3 rs738409 polymorphism and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) susceptibility and severity: A meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore). 2019;98(7):e14324. DOI:10.1097/MD.0000000000014324
43. Xue W-Y, Zhang L, Liu C-M, et al. Research progress on the relationship between TM6SF2 rs58542926 polymorphism and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2022;16(2):97-107. DOI:10.1080/17474124.2022.2032661
44. Xia M, Ma S, Huang Q, et al. NAFLD-related gene polymorphisms and all-cause and cause-specific mortality in an Asian population: the Shanghai Changfeng Study. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2022;55(6):705-21. DOI:10.1111/apt.16772
45. Wang J, Ye C, Fei S. Association between APOC3 polymorphisms and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease risk: a meta-analysis. Afr Health Sci. 2020;20(4):1800-8. DOI:10.4314/ahs.v20i4.34
46. Mahfood Haddad T, Hamdeh S, Kanmanthareddy A, Alla VM. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and the risk of clinical cardiovascular events: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetes Metab Syndr. 2017;11(S1):S209-16. DOI:10.1016/j.dsx.2016.12.033
47. Kapuria D, Takyar VK, Etzion O, et al. Association of Hepatic Steatosis With Subclinical Atherosclerosis: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Hepatol Commun. 2018;2(8):873-83. DOI:10.1002/hep4.1199
48. Jaruvongvanich V, Sanguankeo A, Upala S. Significant Association Between Gallstone Disease and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Dig Dis Sci. 2016;61(8):2389-96. DOI:10.1007/s10620-016-4125-2
49. Liu SS, Ma XF, Zhao J, et al. Association between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and extrahepatic cancers: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lipids Health Dis. 2020;19(1):118. DOI:10.1186/s12944-020-01288-6
50. Stine JG, Wentworth BJ, Zimmet A, et al. Systematic review with meta-analysis: risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis without cirrhosis compared to other liver diseases. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2018;48(7):696-703. DOI:10.1111/apt.14937
51. Orci LA, Sanduzzi-Zamparelli M, Caballol B, et al. Incidence of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Patients With Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Systematic Review, Meta-analysis, and Meta-regression. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2022;20(2):283-92.e10. DOI:10.1016/j.cgh.2021.05.002
52. Maev IV, Andreev DN. Nealkogol'naya zhirovaya bolezn' pecheni: mekhanizmy razvitiya, klinicheskie formy i medikamentoznaya korrektsiya. Consilium Medicum. Gastroenterologiya (Pril.). 2012;2:36-9 (in Russian).
53. Mahfood Haddad T, Hamdeh S, Kanmanthareddy A, Alla VM. EASL–EASD–EASO Clinical Practice Guidelines for the management of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. J Hepatol. 2016;64(6):1388-402. DOI:10.1016/j.jhep.2015.11.004
54. Chalasani N, Younossi Z, Lavine JE, et al. The diagnosis and management of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: Practice guidance from the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases. Hepatology. 2018;67(1):328-57. DOI:10.1002/hep.29367
55. Ando Y, Jou JH. Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Recent Guideline Updates. Clin Liver Dis (Hoboken). 2021;17(1):23-8. DOI:10.1002/cld.1045
56. Андреев Д., Маевская Е., Дичева Д., Кузнецова Е. Диетотерапия как приоритетная тактика лечения пациентов с неалкогольной жировой болезнью печени. Врач. 2017;7:2-6 [Andreev D, Maevskaya E, Dicheva D, Kuznetsova E. Dietotherapy as a priority treatment for patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Doctor. 2017;7:2-6 (in Russian)].
57. Andreev DN, Dicheva DT, Kuznetsova EI, Maev IV. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: treatment from the standpoint of evidence-based medicine. Therapist. 2017;2:12-8 (in Russian).
58. Musso G, Cassader M, Rosina F, Gambino R. Impact of current treatments on liver disease, glucose metabolism and cardiovascular risk in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD): a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised trials. Diabetologia. 2012;55(4):885-904. DOI:10.1007/s00125-011-2446-4
59. Lee CH, Fu Y, Yang SJ, Chi CC. Effects of Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Supplementation on Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutrients. 2020;12(9):2769. DOI:10.3390/nu12092769
60. Gibb RD, McRorie JW, Russell DA, et al. Psyllium fiber improves glycemic control proportional to loss of glycemic control: a meta-analysis of data in euglycemic subjects, patients at risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus, and patients being treated for type 2 diabetes mellitus. Am J Clin Nutr. 2015;102(6):1604-14. DOI:10.3945/ajcn.115.106989
61. Xu B, Cao J, Fu J, et al. The effects of nondigestible fermentable carbohydrates on adults with overweight or obesity: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Nutr Rev. 2022;80(2):165-77. DOI:10.1093/nutrit/nuab018
62. Wang ST, Zheng J, Peng HW, et al. Physical activity intervention for non-diabetic patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. BMC Gastroenterol. 2020;20(1):66. DOI:10.1186/s12876-020-01204-3
63. Kumar J, Memon RS, Shahid I, et al. Antidiabetic drugs and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A systematic review, meta-analysis and evidence map. Dig Liver Dis. 2021;53(1):44-51. DOI:10.1016/j.dld.2020.08.021
64. Lian J, Fu J. Pioglitazone for NAFLD Patients With Prediabetes or Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Meta-Analysis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2021;12:615409. DOI:10.3389/fendo.2021.615409
65. Alam F, Islam MA, Mohamed M, et al. Efficacy and Safety of Pioglitazone Monotherapy in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomised Controlled Trials. Sci Rep. 2019;9(1):5389. DOI:10.1038/s41598-019-41854-2
66. Said A, Akhter A. Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials of Pharmacologic Agents in Non-alcoholic Steatohepatitis. Ann Hepatol. 2017;16(4):538-47. DOI:10.5604/01.3001.0010.0284
67. Maev IV, Abdurakhmanov DT, Andreev DN, Dicheva DT. Alcoholic liver disease: State-of-the-art. Terapevticheskii Arkhiv. (Ter. Arkh.). 2014;86(4):108-16 (in Russian).
68. Ivashkin VT, Mayevskaya MV, Pavlov CS, et al. Diagnostics and treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: clinical guidelines of the Russian Scientific Liver Society and the Russian gastroenterological association. Russian Journal of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Coloproctology. 2016;26(2):24-42 (in Russian). DOI:10.22416/1382-4376-2016-26-2-24-42
69. Lazebnik LB, Golovanova EV, Turkina SV, et al. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in adults: clinic, diagnostics, treatment. Guidelines for therapists, third version. Experimental and Clinical Gastroenterology. 2021;1(1):4-52 (in Russian). DOI:10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-185-1-4-52
70. Xiang Z, Chen YP, Ma KF, et al. The role of ursodeoxycholic acid in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis: a systematic review. BMC Gastroenterol. 2013;13:140.
DOI:10.1186/1471-230X-13-140
71. Ratziu V, de Ledinghen V, Oberti F, et al. A randomized controlled trial of high-dose ursodesoxycholic acid for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. J Hepatol. 2011;54(5):1011-9. DOI:10.1016/j.jhep.2010.08.030
72. Sánchez-García A, Sahebkar A, Simental-Mendía M, Simental-Mendía LE. Effect of ursodeoxycholic acid on glycemic markers: A systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials. Pharmacol Res. 2018;135:144-9. DOI:10.1016/j.phrs.2018.08.008
73. Simental-Mendía LE, Simental-Mendía M, Sánchez-García A, et al. Impact of ursodeoxycholic acid on circulating lipid concentrations: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized placebo-controlled trials. Lipids Health Dis. 2019;18(1):88. DOI:10.1186/s12944-019-1041-4
Авторы
И.В. Маев1, Д.Н. Андреев*1, Ю.А. Кучерявый2
1 ФГБОУ ВО «Московский государственный медико-стоматологический университет им. А.И. Евдокимова» Минздрава России, Москва, Россия;
2 АО «Ильинская больница», д. Глухово, Московская область, Россия
*dna-mit8@mail.ru
1 Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Moscow, Russia;
2 Ilyinskaya Hospital, Glukhovo, Moscow Region, Russia
*dna-mit8@mail.ru
1 ФГБОУ ВО «Московский государственный медико-стоматологический университет им. А.И. Евдокимова» Минздрава России, Москва, Россия;
2 АО «Ильинская больница», д. Глухово, Московская область, Россия
*dna-mit8@mail.ru
________________________________________________
1 Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Moscow, Russia;
2 Ilyinskaya Hospital, Glukhovo, Moscow Region, Russia
*dna-mit8@mail.ru
Цель портала OmniDoctor – предоставление профессиональной информации врачам, провизорам и фармацевтам.