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Гастропротективная терапия у пациентов с фибрилляцией предсердий, получающих антикоагулянтную терапию
Гастропротективная терапия у пациентов с фибрилляцией предсердий, получающих антикоагулянтную терапию
Остроумова О.Д., Кочетков А.И., Батюкина С.В., Черемушкин С.В. Гастропротективная терапия у пациентов с фибрилляцией предсердий, получающих антикоагулянтную терапию. Consilium Medicum. 2023;25(5):368–374. DOI:10.26442/20751753.2023.5.202294
© ООО «КОНСИЛИУМ МЕДИКУМ», 2023 г.
© ООО «КОНСИЛИУМ МЕДИКУМ», 2023 г.
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Аннотация
Профилактика тромбоэмболических осложнений является главной целью у пациентов с фибрилляцией предсердий. Для этого используют антикоагулянтную терапию, и здесь предпочтение отдается прямым оральным антикоагулянтам. Однако данная терапия сопряжена с риском кровотечений, среди которых желудочно-кишечные кровотечения (ЖКК) занимают лидирующее место. В настоящее время для профилактики ЖКК из верхних отделов желудочно-кишечного тракта (ЖКТ) широко применяются ингибиторы протонной помпы (ИПП), которые, однако, при долгосрочном применении могут ассоциироваться с рядом нежелательных лекарственных реакций, включая повышение риска неблагоприятных сердечно-сосудистых событий. Согласно имеющимся данным длительный прием ИПП может влиять на эффекты антитромбоцитарных препаратов, нарушать функцию эндотелия сосудов, индуцировать гипомагниемию, дефицит железа, витаминов D и К. Одновременно с этим терапия ИПП не защищает от риска кровотечений из нижних отделов ЖКТ. Таким образом, в качестве эффективной гастро- и энтеропротекции необходимо назначать препараты, обеспечивающие защиту ЖКТ на всем его протяжении. Таким препаратом является ребамипид, оказывающий комплексное протективное действие на ЖКТ, защищая слизистую оболочку на всех ее уровнях организации (пре-, постэпителиальном и непосредственно эпителиальном) и обеспечивая восстановление плотных контактов в эпителии пищеварительной трубки на всем ее протяжении. Следует отметить, что в актуальных согласительных документах ведущих экспертов по проблеме снижения риска ЖКК на фоне терапии прямыми оральными антикоагулянтами именно ребамипид рекомендуется к применению на всем ее протяжении.
Ключевые слова: фибрилляция предсердий, прямые оральные антикоагулянты, антагонисты витамина K, гастропротективная терапия, желудочно-кишечные кровотечения, ингибиторы протонной помпы, ребамипид
Keywords: atrial fibrillation, direct oral anticoagulants, vitamin K antagonists, gastroprotective therapy, gastrointestinal bleeding, proton-pump inhibitors, rebamipide
Ключевые слова: фибрилляция предсердий, прямые оральные антикоагулянты, антагонисты витамина K, гастропротективная терапия, желудочно-кишечные кровотечения, ингибиторы протонной помпы, ребамипид
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Keywords: atrial fibrillation, direct oral anticoagulants, vitamin K antagonists, gastroprotective therapy, gastrointestinal bleeding, proton-pump inhibitors, rebamipide
Полный текст
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2. Dai H, Zhang Q, Much AA, et al. Global, regional, and national prevalence, incidence, mortality, and risk factors for atrial fibrillation, 1990–2017: results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. Eur Heart J Qual Care Clin Outcomes. 2021;7(6):574-82.
3. Аракелян М.Г., Бокерия Л.А., Васильева Е.Ю., и др. Фибрилляция и трепетание предсердий. Клинические рекомендации 2020. Российский кардиологический журнал. 2021;26(7):4594 [Arakelyan MG, Bockeria LA, Vasilieva EYu, et al. 2020 Clinical guidelines for Atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter. Russian Journal of Cardiology. 2021;26(7):4594 (in Russian)].
4. Schwarb H, Tsakiris DA. New Direct Oral Anticoagulants (DOAC) and Their Use Today. Dent J (Basel). 2016;4(1):5.
5. January CT, Wann LS, Calkins H, et al. 2019 AHA/ACC/HRS Focused Update of the 2014 AHA/ACC/HRS Guideline for the Management of Patients With Atrial Fibrillation: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines and the Heart Rhythm Society. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2019;74(1):104-32.
6. Cheung KS, Leung WK. Gastrointestinal bleeding in patients on novel oral anticoagulants: Risk, prevention and management. World J Gastroenterol. 2017;23(11):1954-63.
7. Xu Y, Schulman S, Dowlatshahi D, et al. Direct Oral Anticoagulant- or Warfarin-Related Major Bleeding: Characteristics, Reversal Strategies, and Outcomes From a Multicenter Observational Study. Chest. 2017;152(1):81-91.
8. Green L, Tan J, Morris JK, et al. A three-year prospective study of the presentation and clinical outcomes of major bleeding episodes associated with oral anticoagulant use in the UK (ORANGE study). Haematologica. 2018;103(4):738-45.
9. Bahit MC, Lopes RD, Wojdyla DM, et al. Non-major bleeding with apixaban versus warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation. Heart. 2017;103(8):623-8.
10. Xu Y, Siegal DM. Anticoagulant-associated gastrointestinal bleeding: Framework for decisions about whether, when and how to resume anticoagulants. J Thromb Haemost. 2021;19(10):2383-93.
11. Gomes T, Mamdani MM, Holbrook AM, et al. Rates of hemorrhage during warfarin therapy for atrial fibrillation. CMAJ. 2013;185(2):E121-7.
12. Bouget J, Viglino D, Yvetot Q, et al. Major gastrointestinal bleeding and antithrombotics: Characteristics and management. World J Gastroenterol. 2020;26(36):5463-73.
13. Raymond J, Imbert L, Cousin T, et al. Pharmacogenetics of Direct Oral Anticoagulants: A Systematic Review. J Pers Med. 2021;11(1):37.
14. Thapa N, Shatzel J, Deloughery TG, et al. Direct oral anticoagulants in gastrointestinal malignancies: is the convenience worth the risk? J Gastrointest Oncol. 2019;10(4):807-9.
15. Desai J, Granger CB, Weitz JI, et al. Novel oral anticoagulants in gastroenterology practice. Gastrointest Endosc. 2013;78(2):227-39.
16. Hellenbart EL, Faulkenberg KD, Finks SW. Evaluation of bleeding in patients receiving direct oral anticoagulants. Vasc Health Risk Manag. 2017;13:325-42.
17. Lim YJ, Yang CH. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug-induced enteropathy. Clin Endosc. 2012;45(2):138-44.
18. Eikelboom JW, Wallentin L, Connolly SJ, et al. Risk of bleeding with 2 doses of dabigatran compared with warfarin in older and younger patients with atrial fibrillation: an analysis of the randomized evaluation of long-term anticoagulant therapy (RE-LY) trial. Circulation. 2011;123(21):2363-72.
19. Blech S, Ebner T, Ludwig-Schwellinger E, et al. The metabolism and disposition of the oral direct thrombin inhibitor, dabigatran, in humans. Drug Metab Dispos. 2008;36(2):386-99.
20. White EM, Coons JC. Direct Oral Anticoagulant Use in Special Populations: Elderly, Obesity, and Renal Failure. Curr Cardiol Rep. 2021;23(4):27.
21. Gunasekaran K, Rajasurya V, Devasahayam J, et al. A Review of the Incidence Diagnosis and Treatment of Spontaneous Hemorrhage in Patients Treated with Direct Oral Anticoagulants. J Clin Med. 2020;9(9):2984.
22. Soliman EZ, Prineas RJ, Go AS, et al. Chronic kidney disease and prevalent atrial fibrillation: the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort (CRIC). Am Heart J. 2010;159(6):1102-7.
23. Padrini R. Clinical pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of direct oral anticoagulants in patients with renal failure. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet. 2019;44(1):1-12.
24. Steffel J, Collins R, Antz M, et al. 2021 European Heart Rhythm Association practical guide on the use of non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants in patients with atrial fibrillation. Europace. 2021;23(10):1612-76.
25. Lobraico-Fernandez J, Baksh S, Nemec E. Elderly Bleeding Risk of Direct Oral Anticoagulants in Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Cohort Studies. Drugs R D. 2019;19(3):235-45.
26. Abraham NS, Noseworthy PA, Yao X, et al. Gastrointestinal Safety of Direct Oral Anticoagulants: A Large Population-Based Study. Gastroenterology. 2017;152(5):1014-22.e1.
27. Schaefer JK, Errickson J, Li Y, et al. Adverse Events Associated With the Addition of Aspirin to Direct Oral Anticoagulant Therapy Without a Clear Indication. JAMA Intern Med. 2021;181(6):817-24.
28. Penner LS, Gavan SP, Ashcroft DM, et al. Does coprescribing nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and oral anticoagulants increase the risk of major bleeding, stroke and systemic embolism? Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2022;88(11):4789-811.
29. Kirchhof P, Benussi S, Kotecha D, et al. 2016 ESC Guidelines for the Management of Atrial Fibrillation Developed in Collaboration With EACTS. Rev Esp Cardiol (Engl Ed). 2017;70(1):50.
30. Steffel J, Verhamme P, Potpara TS, et al. The 2018 European Heart Rhythm Association Practical Guide on the use of non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants in patients with atrial fibrillation. Eur Heart J. 2018;39(16):1330-93.
31. Gong IY, Kim RB. Importance of pharmacokinetic profile and variability as determinants of dose and response to dabigatran, rivaroxaban, and apixaban. Can J Cardiol. 2013;29(7 Suppl.):S24-33.
32. Alexander JH, Lopes RD, James S, et al. Apixaban with antiplatelet therapy after acute coronary syndrome. N Engl J Med. 2011;365(8):699-708.
33. Experts consensus on reducing the risk of gastrointestinal bleeding in patients receiving oral anticoagulants. Therapy. 2021;10:23-41 (in Russian).
34. Ostroumova OD, Orlova IY, Kochetkov AI, et al. Structure of polymorbidities of the digestive diseases in patients receiving direct oral anticoagulants: results of a multicenter cross-sectional pharmacoepidemiological study. Therapy. 2022;8(10):152-61 (in Russian).
35. Gralnek IM, Stanley AJ, Morris AJ, et al. Endoscopic diagnosis and management of nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage (NVUGIH): European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) Guideline – Update 2021. Endoscopy. 2021;53(3):300-32.
36. Barkun AN, Laine L, Leontiadis GI, et al. Management of Nonvariceal Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding. Ann Intern Med. 2020;172(8):573.
37. Ray WA, Chung CP, Murray KT, et al. Association of Oral Anticoagulants and Proton Pump Inhibitor Cotherapy With Hospitalization for Upper Gastrointestinal Tract Bleeding. JAMA. 2018;320(21):2221-30.
38. Vaezi MF, Yang YX, Howden CW. Complications of Proton Pump Inhibitor Therapy. Gastroenterology. 2017;153(1):35-48.
39. Khan M, Santana J, Donnellan C, et al. Medical treatments in the short term management of reflux oesophagitis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2007;2:CD003244.
40. Laheij RJ, Sturkenboom MC, Hassing RJ, et al. Risk of community-acquired pneumonia and use of gastric acid-suppressive drugs. JAMA. 2004;292(16):1955-60.
41. Yang YX, Lewis JD, Epstein S, et al. Long-term proton pump inhibitor therapy and risk of hip fracture. JAMA. 2006;296(24):2947-53.
42. Neal KR, Scott HM, Slack RC, Logan RF. Omeprazole as a risk factor for campylobacter gastroenteritis: case-control study. BMJ. 1996;312(7028):414-5.
43. Lazarus B, Chen Y, Wilson FP, et al. Proton Pump Inhibitor Use and the Risk of Chronic Kidney Disease. JAMA Intern Med. 2016;176(2):238-46.
44. Gomm W, von Holt K, Thomé F, et al. Association of Proton Pump Inhibitors With Risk of Dementia: A Pharmacoepidemiological Claims Data Analysis. JAMA Neurol. 2016;73(4):410-6.
45. Cheung KS, Chan EW, Wong AYS, et al. Long-term proton pump inhibitors and risk of gastric cancer development after treatment for Helicobacter pylori: a population-based study. Gut. 2018;67(1):28-35.
46. Xie Y, Bowe B, Li T, et al. Risk of death among users of Proton Pump Inhibitors: a longitudinal observational cohort study of United States veterans. BMJ Open. 2017;7(6):e015735.
47. Simonov M, Abel EE, Skanderson M, et al. Use of Proton Pump Inhibitors Increases Risk of Incident Kidney Stones. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2021;19(1):72-9.e21.
48. Almario CV, Chey WD, Spiegel BMR. Increased Risk of COVID-19 Among Users of Proton Pump Inhibitors. Am J Gastroenterol. 2020;115(10):1707-15.
49. Hu W, Luo Y, Yang X. Inappropriate Use of Proton Pump Inhibitors Increases Cardiovascular Events in Patients with Coronary Heart Disease. Int J Gen Med. 2022;15:8685-91.
50. Charlot M, Grove EL, Hansen PR, et al. Proton pump inhibitor use and risk of adverse cardiovascular events in aspirin treated patients with first time myocardial infarction: nationwide propensity score matched study. BMJ. 2011;342:d2690.
51. Würtz M, Grove EL, Kristensen SD, Hvas AM. The antiplatelet effect of aspirin is reduced by proton pump inhibitors in patients with coronary artery disease. Heart. 2010;96(5):368-71.
52. Hu W, Tong J, Kuang X, et al. Influence of proton pump inhibitors on clinical outcomes in coronary heart disease patients receiving aspirin and clopidogrel: A meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore). 2018;97(3):e9638.
53. Hagymási K, Müllner K, Herszényi L, Tulassay Z. Update on the pharmacogenomics of proton pump inhibitors. Pharmacogenomics. 2011;12(6):873-88.
54. Weisz G, Smilowitz NR, Kirtane AJ, et al. Proton Pump Inhibitors, Platelet Reactivity, and Cardiovascular Outcomes After Drug-Eluting Stents in Clopidogrel-Treated Patients: The ADAPT-DES Study. Circ Cardiovasc Interv. 2015;8(10):e001952.
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57. Hamano H, Niimura T, Horinouchi Y, et al. Proton pump inhibitors block iron absorption through direct regulation of hepcidin via the aryl hydrocarbon receptor-mediated pathway. Toxicol Lett. 2020;318:86-91.
58. Yepuri G, Sukhovershin R, Nazari-Shafti TZ, et al. Proton Pump Inhibitors Accelerate Endothelial Senescence. Circ Res. 2016;118(12):e36-42.
59. Taneja G, Thanikachalam PV, Rajput SK. Dose and time-dependent toxicological impact of pantoprazole on vascular endothelium and renal tissue. Toxicol Lett. 2020;333:97-104.
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62. Danziger J, William JH, Scott DJ, et al. Proton-pump inhibitor use is associated with low serum magnesium concentrations. Kidney Int. 2013;83(4):692-9.
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77. Scarpignato C, Bjarnason I. Drug-Induced Small Bowel Injury: a Challenging and Often Forgotten Clinical Condition. Curr Gastroenterol Rep. 2019;21(11):55.
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2. Dai H, Zhang Q, Much AA, et al. Global, regional, and national prevalence, incidence, mortality, and risk factors for atrial fibrillation, 1990–2017: results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. Eur Heart J Qual Care Clin Outcomes. 2021;7(6):574-82.
3. Аракелян М.Г., Бокерия Л.А., Васильева Е.Ю., и др. Фибрилляция и трепетание предсердий. Клинические рекомендации 2020. Российский кардиологический журнал. 2021;26(7):4594 [Arakelyan MG, Bockeria LA, Vasilieva EYu, et al. 2020 Clinical guidelines for Atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter. Russian Journal of Cardiology. 2021;26(7):4594 (in Russian)].
4. Schwarb H, Tsakiris DA. New Direct Oral Anticoagulants (DOAC) and Their Use Today. Dent J (Basel). 2016;4(1):5.
5. January CT, Wann LS, Calkins H, et al. 2019 AHA/ACC/HRS Focused Update of the 2014 AHA/ACC/HRS Guideline for the Management of Patients With Atrial Fibrillation: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines and the Heart Rhythm Society. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2019;74(1):104-32.
6. Cheung KS, Leung WK. Gastrointestinal bleeding in patients on novel oral anticoagulants: Risk, prevention and management. World J Gastroenterol. 2017;23(11):1954-63.
7. Xu Y, Schulman S, Dowlatshahi D, et al. Direct Oral Anticoagulant- or Warfarin-Related Major Bleeding: Characteristics, Reversal Strategies, and Outcomes From a Multicenter Observational Study. Chest. 2017;152(1):81-91.
8. Green L, Tan J, Morris JK, et al. A three-year prospective study of the presentation and clinical outcomes of major bleeding episodes associated with oral anticoagulant use in the UK (ORANGE study). Haematologica. 2018;103(4):738-45.
9. Bahit MC, Lopes RD, Wojdyla DM, et al. Non-major bleeding with apixaban versus warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation. Heart. 2017;103(8):623-8.
10. Xu Y, Siegal DM. Anticoagulant-associated gastrointestinal bleeding: Framework for decisions about whether, when and how to resume anticoagulants. J Thromb Haemost. 2021;19(10):2383-93.
11. Gomes T, Mamdani MM, Holbrook AM, et al. Rates of hemorrhage during warfarin therapy for atrial fibrillation. CMAJ. 2013;185(2):E121-7.
12. Bouget J, Viglino D, Yvetot Q, et al. Major gastrointestinal bleeding and antithrombotics: Characteristics and management. World J Gastroenterol. 2020;26(36):5463-73.
13. Raymond J, Imbert L, Cousin T, et al. Pharmacogenetics of Direct Oral Anticoagulants: A Systematic Review. J Pers Med. 2021;11(1):37.
14. Thapa N, Shatzel J, Deloughery TG, et al. Direct oral anticoagulants in gastrointestinal malignancies: is the convenience worth the risk? J Gastrointest Oncol. 2019;10(4):807-9.
15. Desai J, Granger CB, Weitz JI, et al. Novel oral anticoagulants in gastroenterology practice. Gastrointest Endosc. 2013;78(2):227-39.
16. Hellenbart EL, Faulkenberg KD, Finks SW. Evaluation of bleeding in patients receiving direct oral anticoagulants. Vasc Health Risk Manag. 2017;13:325-42.
17. Lim YJ, Yang CH. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug-induced enteropathy. Clin Endosc. 2012;45(2):138-44.
18. Eikelboom JW, Wallentin L, Connolly SJ, et al. Risk of bleeding with 2 doses of dabigatran compared with warfarin in older and younger patients with atrial fibrillation: an analysis of the randomized evaluation of long-term anticoagulant therapy (RE-LY) trial. Circulation. 2011;123(21):2363-72.
19. Blech S, Ebner T, Ludwig-Schwellinger E, et al. The metabolism and disposition of the oral direct thrombin inhibitor, dabigatran, in humans. Drug Metab Dispos. 2008;36(2):386-99.
20. White EM, Coons JC. Direct Oral Anticoagulant Use in Special Populations: Elderly, Obesity, and Renal Failure. Curr Cardiol Rep. 2021;23(4):27.
21. Gunasekaran K, Rajasurya V, Devasahayam J, et al. A Review of the Incidence Diagnosis and Treatment of Spontaneous Hemorrhage in Patients Treated with Direct Oral Anticoagulants. J Clin Med. 2020;9(9):2984.
22. Soliman EZ, Prineas RJ, Go AS, et al. Chronic kidney disease and prevalent atrial fibrillation: the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort (CRIC). Am Heart J. 2010;159(6):1102-7.
23. Padrini R. Clinical pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of direct oral anticoagulants in patients with renal failure. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet. 2019;44(1):1-12.
24. Steffel J, Collins R, Antz M, et al. 2021 European Heart Rhythm Association practical guide on the use of non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants in patients with atrial fibrillation. Europace. 2021;23(10):1612-76.
25. Lobraico-Fernandez J, Baksh S, Nemec E. Elderly Bleeding Risk of Direct Oral Anticoagulants in Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Cohort Studies. Drugs R D. 2019;19(3):235-45.
26. Abraham NS, Noseworthy PA, Yao X, et al. Gastrointestinal Safety of Direct Oral Anticoagulants: A Large Population-Based Study. Gastroenterology. 2017;152(5):1014-22.e1.
27. Schaefer JK, Errickson J, Li Y, et al. Adverse Events Associated With the Addition of Aspirin to Direct Oral Anticoagulant Therapy Without a Clear Indication. JAMA Intern Med. 2021;181(6):817-24.
28. Penner LS, Gavan SP, Ashcroft DM, et al. Does coprescribing nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and oral anticoagulants increase the risk of major bleeding, stroke and systemic embolism? Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2022;88(11):4789-811.
29. Kirchhof P, Benussi S, Kotecha D, et al. 2016 ESC Guidelines for the Management of Atrial Fibrillation Developed in Collaboration With EACTS. Rev Esp Cardiol (Engl Ed). 2017;70(1):50.
30. Steffel J, Verhamme P, Potpara TS, et al. The 2018 European Heart Rhythm Association Practical Guide on the use of non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants in patients with atrial fibrillation. Eur Heart J. 2018;39(16):1330-93.
31. Gong IY, Kim RB. Importance of pharmacokinetic profile and variability as determinants of dose and response to dabigatran, rivaroxaban, and apixaban. Can J Cardiol. 2013;29(7 Suppl.):S24-33.
32. Alexander JH, Lopes RD, James S, et al. Apixaban with antiplatelet therapy after acute coronary syndrome. N Engl J Med. 2011;365(8):699-708.
33. Консенсус экспертов по снижению риска желудочно-кишечных кровотечений у пациентов, получающих оральные антикоагулянты. Терапия. 2021;10:23-41 [Experts consensus on reducing the risk of gastrointestinal bleeding in patients receiving oral anticoagulants. Therapy. 2021;10:23-41 (in Russian)].
34. Остроумова О.Д., Орлова И.Ю., Кочетков А.И., и др. Структура сопутствующих заболеваний органов пищеварения у пациентов, получающих прямые оральные антикоагулянты: результаты многоцентрового кросс-секционного фармакоэпидемиологического исследования. Терапия. 2022;8(10):152-61 [Ostroumova OD, Orlova IY, Kochetkov AI, et al. Structure of polymorbidities of the digestive diseases in patients receiving direct oral anticoagulants: results of a multicenter cross-sectional pharmacoepidemiological study. Therapy. 2022;8(10):152-61 (in Russian)].
35. Gralnek IM, Stanley AJ, Morris AJ, et al. Endoscopic diagnosis and management of nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage (NVUGIH): European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) Guideline – Update 2021. Endoscopy. 2021;53(3):300-32.
36. Barkun AN, Laine L, Leontiadis GI, et al. Management of Nonvariceal Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding. Ann Intern Med. 2020;172(8):573.
37. Ray WA, Chung CP, Murray KT, et al. Association of Oral Anticoagulants and Proton Pump Inhibitor Cotherapy With Hospitalization for Upper Gastrointestinal Tract Bleeding. JAMA. 2018;320(21):2221-30.
38. Vaezi MF, Yang YX, Howden CW. Complications of Proton Pump Inhibitor Therapy. Gastroenterology. 2017;153(1):35-48.
39. Khan M, Santana J, Donnellan C, et al. Medical treatments in the short term management of reflux oesophagitis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2007;2:CD003244.
40. Laheij RJ, Sturkenboom MC, Hassing RJ, et al. Risk of community-acquired pneumonia and use of gastric acid-suppressive drugs. JAMA. 2004;292(16):1955-60.
41. Yang YX, Lewis JD, Epstein S, et al. Long-term proton pump inhibitor therapy and risk of hip fracture. JAMA. 2006;296(24):2947-53.
42. Neal KR, Scott HM, Slack RC, Logan RF. Omeprazole as a risk factor for campylobacter gastroenteritis: case-control study. BMJ. 1996;312(7028):414-5.
43. Lazarus B, Chen Y, Wilson FP, et al. Proton Pump Inhibitor Use and the Risk of Chronic Kidney Disease. JAMA Intern Med. 2016;176(2):238-46.
44. Gomm W, von Holt K, Thomé F, et al. Association of Proton Pump Inhibitors With Risk of Dementia: A Pharmacoepidemiological Claims Data Analysis. JAMA Neurol. 2016;73(4):410-6.
45. Cheung KS, Chan EW, Wong AYS, et al. Long-term proton pump inhibitors and risk of gastric cancer development after treatment for Helicobacter pylori: a population-based study. Gut. 2018;67(1):28-35.
46. Xie Y, Bowe B, Li T, et al. Risk of death among users of Proton Pump Inhibitors: a longitudinal observational cohort study of United States veterans. BMJ Open. 2017;7(6):e015735.
47. Simonov M, Abel EE, Skanderson M, et al. Use of Proton Pump Inhibitors Increases Risk of Incident Kidney Stones. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2021;19(1):72-9.e21.
48. Almario CV, Chey WD, Spiegel BMR. Increased Risk of COVID-19 Among Users of Proton Pump Inhibitors. Am J Gastroenterol. 2020;115(10):1707-15.
49. Hu W, Luo Y, Yang X. Inappropriate Use of Proton Pump Inhibitors Increases Cardiovascular Events in Patients with Coronary Heart Disease. Int J Gen Med. 2022;15:8685-91.
50. Charlot M, Grove EL, Hansen PR, et al. Proton pump inhibitor use and risk of adverse cardiovascular events in aspirin treated patients with first time myocardial infarction: nationwide propensity score matched study. BMJ. 2011;342:d2690.
51. Würtz M, Grove EL, Kristensen SD, Hvas AM. The antiplatelet effect of aspirin is reduced by proton pump inhibitors in patients with coronary artery disease. Heart. 2010;96(5):368-71.
52. Hu W, Tong J, Kuang X, et al. Influence of proton pump inhibitors on clinical outcomes in coronary heart disease patients receiving aspirin and clopidogrel: A meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore). 2018;97(3):e9638.
53. Hagymási K, Müllner K, Herszényi L, Tulassay Z. Update on the pharmacogenomics of proton pump inhibitors. Pharmacogenomics. 2011;12(6):873-88.
54. Weisz G, Smilowitz NR, Kirtane AJ, et al. Proton Pump Inhibitors, Platelet Reactivity, and Cardiovascular Outcomes After Drug-Eluting Stents in Clopidogrel-Treated Patients: The ADAPT-DES Study. Circ Cardiovasc Interv. 2015;8(10):e001952.
55. Ben Ghezala I, Luu M, Bardou M. An update on drug-drug interactions associated with proton pump inhibitors. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol. 2022;18(5):337-46.
56. Lim IH, Lee SJ, Shin BS, Kang HG. Ilaprazole and Clopidogrel Resistance in Acute Stroke Patients. Biomedicines. 2022;10(6):1366.
57. Hamano H, Niimura T, Horinouchi Y, et al. Proton pump inhibitors block iron absorption through direct regulation of hepcidin via the aryl hydrocarbon receptor-mediated pathway. Toxicol Lett. 2020;318:86-91.
58. Yepuri G, Sukhovershin R, Nazari-Shafti TZ, et al. Proton Pump Inhibitors Accelerate Endothelial Senescence. Circ Res. 2016;118(12):e36-42.
59. Taneja G, Thanikachalam PV, Rajput SK. Dose and time-dependent toxicological impact of pantoprazole on vascular endothelium and renal tissue. Toxicol Lett. 2020;333:97-104.
60. Kamiya C, Odagiri K, Hakamata A, et al. Omeprazole suppresses endothelial calcium response and eNOS Ser1177 phosphorylation in porcine aortic endothelial cells. Mol Biol Rep. 2021;48(7):5503-11.
61. Suksridechacin N, Kulwong P, Chamniansawat S, Thongon N. Effect of prolonged omeprazole administration on segmental intestinal Mg2+ absorption in male Sprague-Dawley rats. World J Gastroenterol. 2020;26(11):1142-55.
62. Danziger J, William JH, Scott DJ, et al. Proton-pump inhibitor use is associated with low serum magnesium concentrations. Kidney Int. 2013;83(4):692-9.
63. Douwes RM, Gomes-Neto AW, Schutten JC, et al. Proton-Pump Inhibitors and Hypomagnesaemia in Kidney Transplant Recipients. J Clin Med. 2019;8(12):2162.
64. Kieboom BC, Kiefte-de Jong JC, Eijgelsheim M, et al. Proton pump inhibitors and hypomagnesemia in the general population: a population-based cohort study. Am J Kidney Dis. 2015;66(5):775-82.
65. Sutton SS, Magagnoli J, Cummings T, Hardin JW. The Association between the Use of Proton Pump Inhibitors and the Risk of Hypomagnesemia in a National Cohort of Veteran Patients with HIV. J Int Assoc Provid AIDS Care. 2019;18:2325958218821652.
66. Gommers LMM, Hoenderop JGJ, de Baaij JHF. Mechanisms of proton pump inhibitor-induced hypomagnesemia. Acta Physiol (Oxf). 2022;235(4):e13846.
67. Flink EB. Magnesium deficiency. Etiology and clinical spectrum. Acta Med Scand Suppl. 1981;647:125-37.
68. Fatemi S, Ryzen E, Flores J, et al. Effect of experimental human magnesium depletion on parathyroid hormone secretion and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D metabolism. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1991;73(5):1067-72.
69. Freitag JJ, Martin KJ, Conrades MB, et al. Evidence for skeletal resistance to parathyroid hormone in magnesium deficiency. Studies in isolated perfused bone. J Clin Invest. 1979;64(5):1238-44.
70. al-Ghamdi SM, Cameron EC, Sutton RA. Magnesium deficiency: pathophysiologic and clinical overview. Am J Kidney Dis. 1994;24(5):737-52.
71. Srinutta T, Chewcharat A, Takkavatakarn K, et al. Proton pump inhibitors and hypomagnesemia: A meta-analysis of observational studies. Medicine (Baltimore). 2019;98(44):e17788.
72. Hess MW, Hoenderop JG, Bindels RJ, Drenth JP. Systematic review: hypomagnesaemia induced by proton pump inhibition. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2012;36(5):405-13.
73. de Baaij JH, Hoenderop JG, Bindels RJ. Magnesium in man: implications for health and disease. Physiol Rev. 2015;95(1):1-46.
74. Lam JR, Schneider JL, Quesenberry CP, Corley DA. Proton Pump Inhibitor and Histamine-2 Receptor Antagonist Use and Iron Deficiency. Gastroenterology. 2017;152(4):821-29.e1.
75. Meng H, Wang Y, Ruan J, et al. Decreased Iron Ion Concentrations in the Peripheral Blood Correlate with Coronary Atherosclerosis. Nutrients. 2022;14(2):319.
76. Bruno G, Zaccari P, Rocco G, et al. Proton pump inhibitors and dysbiosis: Current knowledge and aspects to be clarified. World J Gastroenterol. 2019;25(22):2706-19.
77. Scarpignato C, Bjarnason I. Drug-Induced Small Bowel Injury: a Challenging and Often Forgotten Clinical Condition. Curr Gastroenterol Rep. 2019;21(11):55.
78. Janus SE, Durieux JC, Hajjari J, et al. Inflammation-mediated vitamin K and vitamin D effects on vascular calcifications in people with HIV on active antiretroviral therapy. AIDS. 20221;36(5):647-55.
79. Xu C, Cunqing Y, Chun G, et al. The relationship between serum vitamin K concentration and coronary artery calcification in middle-aged and elderly people. Clin Chim Acta. 2022;531:325-30.
80. Kunadian V, Ford GA, Bawamia B, et al. Vitamin D deficiency and coronary artery disease: a review of the evidence. Am Heart J. 2014;167(3):283-91.
81. Verdoia M, Viglione F, Boggio A, et al. Vitamin D deficiency is associated with impaired reperfusion in STEMI patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention. Vascul Pharmacol. 2021;140:106897.
82. Watanabe T, Takeuchi T, Handa O, et al. A multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of high-dose rebamipide treatment for low-dose aspirin-induced moderate-to-severe small intestinal damage. PLoS One. 2015;10(4):e0122330.
83. Pittayanon R, Piyachaturawat P, Rerknimitr R, et al. Cytoprotective agent for peptic ulcer prevention in patients taking dual antiplatelet agents: A randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled trial. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2019;34(9):1517-22.
84. Yamashita T, Watanabe E, Ikeda T, et al. Observational study of the effects of dabigatran on gastrointestinal symptoms in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation. J Arrhythm. 2014;30(6):478-84.
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88. Tanigawa T, Watanabe T, Higashimori A, et al. Rebamipide ameliorates indomethacin-induced small intestinal damage and proton pump inhibitor-induced exacerbation of this damage by modulation of small intestinal microbiota. PLoS One. 2021;16(1):e0245995.
89. Lee MY, Lee S, Heo KN, et al. Rebamipide as a Potential Alternative Gastroprotective Agent to Proton Pump Inhibitor in Elderly Chronic Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug Users without Risk Factors. Int J Gen Med. 2022;15:2835-45.
90. Imai T, Hazama K, Kosuge Y, et al. Preventive effect of rebamipide on NSAID-induced lower gastrointestinal tract injury using FAERS and JADER. Sci Rep. 2022;12(1):2631.
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93. Takashima S, Tanaka F, Kawaguchi Y, et al. Proton pump inhibitors enhance intestinal permeability via dysbiosis of gut microbiota under stressed conditions in mice. Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2020;32(7):e13841.
94. Zhu B, Zhang W, Lu Y, et al. Network pharmacology-based identification of protective mechanism of Panax Notoginseng Saponins on aspirin induced gastrointestinal injury. Biomed Pharmacother. 2018;105:159-66.
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38. Vaezi MF, Yang YX, Howden CW. Complications of Proton Pump Inhibitor Therapy. Gastroenterology. 2017;153(1):35-48.
39. Khan M, Santana J, Donnellan C, et al. Medical treatments in the short term management of reflux oesophagitis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2007;2:CD003244.
40. Laheij RJ, Sturkenboom MC, Hassing RJ, et al. Risk of community-acquired pneumonia and use of gastric acid-suppressive drugs. JAMA. 2004;292(16):1955-60.
41. Yang YX, Lewis JD, Epstein S, et al. Long-term proton pump inhibitor therapy and risk of hip fracture. JAMA. 2006;296(24):2947-53.
42. Neal KR, Scott HM, Slack RC, Logan RF. Omeprazole as a risk factor for campylobacter gastroenteritis: case-control study. BMJ. 1996;312(7028):414-5.
43. Lazarus B, Chen Y, Wilson FP, et al. Proton Pump Inhibitor Use and the Risk of Chronic Kidney Disease. JAMA Intern Med. 2016;176(2):238-46.
44. Gomm W, von Holt K, Thomé F, et al. Association of Proton Pump Inhibitors With Risk of Dementia: A Pharmacoepidemiological Claims Data Analysis. JAMA Neurol. 2016;73(4):410-6.
45. Cheung KS, Chan EW, Wong AYS, et al. Long-term proton pump inhibitors and risk of gastric cancer development after treatment for Helicobacter pylori: a population-based study. Gut. 2018;67(1):28-35.
46. Xie Y, Bowe B, Li T, et al. Risk of death among users of Proton Pump Inhibitors: a longitudinal observational cohort study of United States veterans. BMJ Open. 2017;7(6):e015735.
47. Simonov M, Abel EE, Skanderson M, et al. Use of Proton Pump Inhibitors Increases Risk of Incident Kidney Stones. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2021;19(1):72-9.e21.
48. Almario CV, Chey WD, Spiegel BMR. Increased Risk of COVID-19 Among Users of Proton Pump Inhibitors. Am J Gastroenterol. 2020;115(10):1707-15.
49. Hu W, Luo Y, Yang X. Inappropriate Use of Proton Pump Inhibitors Increases Cardiovascular Events in Patients with Coronary Heart Disease. Int J Gen Med. 2022;15:8685-91.
50. Charlot M, Grove EL, Hansen PR, et al. Proton pump inhibitor use and risk of adverse cardiovascular events in aspirin treated patients with first time myocardial infarction: nationwide propensity score matched study. BMJ. 2011;342:d2690.
51. Würtz M, Grove EL, Kristensen SD, Hvas AM. The antiplatelet effect of aspirin is reduced by proton pump inhibitors in patients with coronary artery disease. Heart. 2010;96(5):368-71.
52. Hu W, Tong J, Kuang X, et al. Influence of proton pump inhibitors on clinical outcomes in coronary heart disease patients receiving aspirin and clopidogrel: A meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore). 2018;97(3):e9638.
53. Hagymási K, Müllner K, Herszényi L, Tulassay Z. Update on the pharmacogenomics of proton pump inhibitors. Pharmacogenomics. 2011;12(6):873-88.
54. Weisz G, Smilowitz NR, Kirtane AJ, et al. Proton Pump Inhibitors, Platelet Reactivity, and Cardiovascular Outcomes After Drug-Eluting Stents in Clopidogrel-Treated Patients: The ADAPT-DES Study. Circ Cardiovasc Interv. 2015;8(10):e001952.
55. Ben Ghezala I, Luu M, Bardou M. An update on drug-drug interactions associated with proton pump inhibitors. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol. 2022;18(5):337-46.
56. Lim IH, Lee SJ, Shin BS, Kang HG. Ilaprazole and Clopidogrel Resistance in Acute Stroke Patients. Biomedicines. 2022;10(6):1366.
57. Hamano H, Niimura T, Horinouchi Y, et al. Proton pump inhibitors block iron absorption through direct regulation of hepcidin via the aryl hydrocarbon receptor-mediated pathway. Toxicol Lett. 2020;318:86-91.
58. Yepuri G, Sukhovershin R, Nazari-Shafti TZ, et al. Proton Pump Inhibitors Accelerate Endothelial Senescence. Circ Res. 2016;118(12):e36-42.
59. Taneja G, Thanikachalam PV, Rajput SK. Dose and time-dependent toxicological impact of pantoprazole on vascular endothelium and renal tissue. Toxicol Lett. 2020;333:97-104.
60. Kamiya C, Odagiri K, Hakamata A, et al. Omeprazole suppresses endothelial calcium response and eNOS Ser1177 phosphorylation in porcine aortic endothelial cells. Mol Biol Rep. 2021;48(7):5503-11.
61. Suksridechacin N, Kulwong P, Chamniansawat S, Thongon N. Effect of prolonged omeprazole administration on segmental intestinal Mg2+ absorption in male Sprague-Dawley rats. World J Gastroenterol. 2020;26(11):1142-55.
62. Danziger J, William JH, Scott DJ, et al. Proton-pump inhibitor use is associated with low serum magnesium concentrations. Kidney Int. 2013;83(4):692-9.
63. Douwes RM, Gomes-Neto AW, Schutten JC, et al. Proton-Pump Inhibitors and Hypomagnesaemia in Kidney Transplant Recipients. J Clin Med. 2019;8(12):2162.
64. Kieboom BC, Kiefte-de Jong JC, Eijgelsheim M, et al. Proton pump inhibitors and hypomagnesemia in the general population: a population-based cohort study. Am J Kidney Dis. 2015;66(5):775-82.
65. Sutton SS, Magagnoli J, Cummings T, Hardin JW. The Association between the Use of Proton Pump Inhibitors and the Risk of Hypomagnesemia in a National Cohort of Veteran Patients with HIV. J Int Assoc Provid AIDS Care. 2019;18:2325958218821652.
66. Gommers LMM, Hoenderop JGJ, de Baaij JHF. Mechanisms of proton pump inhibitor-induced hypomagnesemia. Acta Physiol (Oxf). 2022;235(4):e13846.
67. Flink EB. Magnesium deficiency. Etiology and clinical spectrum. Acta Med Scand Suppl. 1981;647:125-37.
68. Fatemi S, Ryzen E, Flores J, et al. Effect of experimental human magnesium depletion on parathyroid hormone secretion and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D metabolism. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1991;73(5):1067-72.
69. Freitag JJ, Martin KJ, Conrades MB, et al. Evidence for skeletal resistance to parathyroid hormone in magnesium deficiency. Studies in isolated perfused bone. J Clin Invest. 1979;64(5):1238-44.
70. al-Ghamdi SM, Cameron EC, Sutton RA. Magnesium deficiency: pathophysiologic and clinical overview. Am J Kidney Dis. 1994;24(5):737-52.
71. Srinutta T, Chewcharat A, Takkavatakarn K, et al. Proton pump inhibitors and hypomagnesemia: A meta-analysis of observational studies. Medicine (Baltimore). 2019;98(44):e17788.
72. Hess MW, Hoenderop JG, Bindels RJ, Drenth JP. Systematic review: hypomagnesaemia induced by proton pump inhibition. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2012;36(5):405-13.
73. de Baaij JH, Hoenderop JG, Bindels RJ. Magnesium in man: implications for health and disease. Physiol Rev. 2015;95(1):1-46.
74. Lam JR, Schneider JL, Quesenberry CP, Corley DA. Proton Pump Inhibitor and Histamine-2 Receptor Antagonist Use and Iron Deficiency. Gastroenterology. 2017;152(4):821-29.e1.
75. Meng H, Wang Y, Ruan J, et al. Decreased Iron Ion Concentrations in the Peripheral Blood Correlate with Coronary Atherosclerosis. Nutrients. 2022;14(2):319.
76. Bruno G, Zaccari P, Rocco G, et al. Proton pump inhibitors and dysbiosis: Current knowledge and aspects to be clarified. World J Gastroenterol. 2019;25(22):2706-19.
77. Scarpignato C, Bjarnason I. Drug-Induced Small Bowel Injury: a Challenging and Often Forgotten Clinical Condition. Curr Gastroenterol Rep. 2019;21(11):55.
78. Janus SE, Durieux JC, Hajjari J, et al. Inflammation-mediated vitamin K and vitamin D effects on vascular calcifications in people with HIV on active antiretroviral therapy. AIDS. 20221;36(5):647-55.
79. Xu C, Cunqing Y, Chun G, et al. The relationship between serum vitamin K concentration and coronary artery calcification in middle-aged and elderly people. Clin Chim Acta. 2022;531:325-30.
80. Kunadian V, Ford GA, Bawamia B, et al. Vitamin D deficiency and coronary artery disease: a review of the evidence. Am Heart J. 2014;167(3):283-91.
81. Verdoia M, Viglione F, Boggio A, et al. Vitamin D deficiency is associated with impaired reperfusion in STEMI patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention. Vascul Pharmacol. 2021;140:106897.
82. Watanabe T, Takeuchi T, Handa O, et al. A multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of high-dose rebamipide treatment for low-dose aspirin-induced moderate-to-severe small intestinal damage. PLoS One. 2015;10(4):e0122330.
83. Pittayanon R, Piyachaturawat P, Rerknimitr R, et al. Cytoprotective agent for peptic ulcer prevention in patients taking dual antiplatelet agents: A randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled trial. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2019;34(9):1517-22.
84. Yamashita T, Watanabe E, Ikeda T, et al. Observational study of the effects of dabigatran on gastrointestinal symptoms in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation. J Arrhythm. 2014;30(6):478-84.
85. Ostroumova OD, Kochetkov AI. The role of the disturbances in the intestinal barrier structure in relation to cardiovascular diseases pathogenesis and rebamipid potential in their correction. Farmateka. 2020;13:29-41 (in Russian).
86. Simanenkov VI, Maev IV, Tkacheva ON, et al. Syndrome of increased epithelial permeability in clinical practice. Multidisciplinary national Consensus. Cardiovascular Therapy and Prevention. 2021;20(1):2758 (in Russian).
87. Naito Y, Yoshikawa T. Rebamipide: a gastrointestinal protective drug with pleiotropic activities. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2010;4(3):261-70.
88. Tanigawa T, Watanabe T, Higashimori A, et al. Rebamipide ameliorates indomethacin-induced small intestinal damage and proton pump inhibitor-induced exacerbation of this damage by modulation of small intestinal microbiota. PLoS One. 2021;16(1):e0245995.
89. Lee MY, Lee S, Heo KN, et al. Rebamipide as a Potential Alternative Gastroprotective Agent to Proton Pump Inhibitor in Elderly Chronic Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug Users without Risk Factors. Int J Gen Med. 2022;15:2835-45.
90. Imai T, Hazama K, Kosuge Y, et al. Preventive effect of rebamipide on NSAID-induced lower gastrointestinal tract injury using FAERS and JADER. Sci Rep. 2022;12(1):2631.
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Авторы
О.Д. Остроумова*1,2, А.И. Кочетков1, С.В. Батюкина1, С.В. Черемушкин3-5
1 ФГБОУ ДПО «Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования» Минздрава России, Москва, Россия;
2 ФГАОУ ВО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова» Минздрава России (Сеченовский Университет), Москва, Россия;
3 ЧУЗ «Центральная клиническая больница „РЖД-Медицина“», Москва, Россия;
4 ФГБОУ ВО «Московский государственный медико-стоматологический университет им. А.И. Евдокимова» Минздрава России, Москва, Россия;
5 Центральная дирекция здравоохранения – филиала ОАО «РЖД», Москва, Россия
*ostroumova.olga@mail.ru
1 Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Moscow, Russia;
2 Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia;
3 Central Clinical Hospital of the Medicine of the Russian Railways, Moscow, Russia;
4 Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Moscow, Russia;
5 Central Directorate of Healthcare – branch of Russian Railways, Moscow, Russia
*ostroumova.olga@mail.ru
1 ФГБОУ ДПО «Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования» Минздрава России, Москва, Россия;
2 ФГАОУ ВО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова» Минздрава России (Сеченовский Университет), Москва, Россия;
3 ЧУЗ «Центральная клиническая больница „РЖД-Медицина“», Москва, Россия;
4 ФГБОУ ВО «Московский государственный медико-стоматологический университет им. А.И. Евдокимова» Минздрава России, Москва, Россия;
5 Центральная дирекция здравоохранения – филиала ОАО «РЖД», Москва, Россия
*ostroumova.olga@mail.ru
________________________________________________
1 Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Moscow, Russia;
2 Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia;
3 Central Clinical Hospital of the Medicine of the Russian Railways, Moscow, Russia;
4 Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Moscow, Russia;
5 Central Directorate of Healthcare – branch of Russian Railways, Moscow, Russia
*ostroumova.olga@mail.ru
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