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Перспективы таргетной терапии болезни Грейвса
Перспективы таргетной терапии болезни Грейвса
Максим О.В., Салухов В.В., Ромашевский Б.В. Перспективы таргетной терапии болезни Грейвса. Consilium Medicum. 2024;26(4):238–245. DOI:10.26442/20751753.2024.4.202764
© ООО «КОНСИЛИУМ МЕДИКУМ», 2024 г.
© ООО «КОНСИЛИУМ МЕДИКУМ», 2024 г.
________________________________________________
Материалы доступны только для специалистов сферы здравоохранения. Авторизуйтесь или зарегистрируйтесь.
Аннотация
Высокая распространенность аутоиммунных заболеваний щитовидной железы и низкая эффективность лечения являются одними из причин длительной нетрудоспособности и высокой инвалидизации пациентов. В настоящее время достигнут существенный прогресс в изучении иммунологических механизмов развития аутоиммунной патологии щитовидной железы, что позволяет разработать новые направления в ее лечении. Болезнь Грейвса (БГ) является классическим аутоиммунным заболеванием, характеризующимся образованием стимулирующих антител к рецептору тиреотропного гормона и проявляющимся клиникой тиреотоксикоза. Основные методы лечения БГ не менялись на протяжении последних 70 лет и представлены консервативной тиреостатической терапией, радиойодтерапией и тиреоидэктомией. В то же время каждый из приведенных методов имеет свои противопоказания и нежелательные побочные явления, что требует поиска новых подходов в терапии указанных заболеваний. Лечение с использованием современных биологических препаратов дает возможность избирательно воздействовать на основные механизмы аутоиммунного повреждения при БГ с минимальным системным влиянием на организм. В статье рассмотрены основные патогенетические механизмы развития БГ и эндокринной офтальмопатии, а также освещены вопросы коррекции данных нарушений с использованием таргетной терапии.
Ключевые слова: таргетная терапия, патогенез, болезнь Грейвса, эндокринная офтальмопатия
Keywords: targeted therapy, pathogenes, Graves' disease, endocrine ophthalmopathy
Ключевые слова: таргетная терапия, патогенез, болезнь Грейвса, эндокринная офтальмопатия
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Keywords: targeted therapy, pathogenes, Graves' disease, endocrine ophthalmopathy
Полный текст
Список литературы
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3. Lane LC, Cheetham TD, Perros P, Pearce SHS. New Therapeutic Horizons for Graves’ Hyperthyroidism. Endocr Rev. 2020;41(6):873-84. DOI:10.1210/endrev/bnaa022
4. Burch HB, Perros P, Bednarczuk T, et al. Management of Thyroid Eye Disease: A Consensus Statement by the American Thyroid Association and the European Thyroid Association. Thyroid. 2022;32(12):1439-70. DOI:10.1089/thy.2022.0251
5. Zdor VV, Markelova EV, Geltser BI. New players in altered tolerance to thyroid gland antigens: an immunopathogenesis concept of autoimmune thyroid disease (review). Medical Immunology (Russia). 2016;18(3):209-20 (in Russian). DOI:10.15789/1563-0625-2016-3-209-220
6. Cheredanova VR, Poteshkin YE. Monoclonal antibodies in the treatment of thyroid eye disease. Russian Annals of Ophthalmology. 2021;137(4):116-22 (in Russian). DOI:10.17116/oftalma2021137041116
7. Gel’tser BI, Zdor VV, Kotel’nikov BN. Evolution of the views on pathogenesis of autoimmune thyroid diseases and prospects for their target therapy. Clinical Medicine.
2017; 95(6):524-34 (in Russian). DOI:10.18821/002321492017-956524534
8. LiVolsi VA, Baloch ZW. The Pathology of Hyperthyroidism. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2018;9:737. DOI:10.3389/fendo.2018.00737
9. Yaglova NV, Yaglov VV. Ultrastructural characteristics of molecular release of secretory products from thyroid mast cells induced by lipopolysaccharide. Bull Exp Biol Med. 2013;155(2):260-3. DOI:10.1007/s10517-013-2127-z
10. Lee HJ, Lombardi A, Stefan M, et al. CD40 Signaling in Graves Disease Is Mediated Through Canonical and Noncanonical Thyroidal Nuclear Factor κB Activation. Endocrinology. 2017;158(2):410-8. DOI:10.1210/en.2016-1609
11. Campi I, Tosi D, Rossi S, et al. B Cell Activating Factor (BAFF) and BAFF Receptor Expression in Autoimmune and Nonautoimmune Thyroid Diseases. Thyroid.
2015;25(9):1043-9. DOI:10.1089/thy.2015.0029
12. Maksim OV, Romashevsky BV, Demyanenco NYu. Features of the pathogenesis of thyroid diseases in COVID-19. Pharmateca. 2023;3:34-43 (in Russian). DOI:10.18565/pharmateca.2023.3.34-43
13. Kandror V. Pathogenesis of Graves Disease and Mechanism of Action of Thiroid Hormones. Clinical and Experimental Thyroidology. 2008;4(1):26-34 (in Russian). DOI:10.14341/ket20084126-34
14. Taskina ES, Charinzeva SV, Charinzev VV, Serkin DM. New opportunities in endocrine ophthalmopathy diagnostics (review). Clinical and Experimental Thyroidology. 2017;13(3):20-8 (in Russian). DOI:10.14341/ket2017320-28
15. Saprina TV, Prochorenko TS, Ryasanzeva NV, Vorochzova IN. Cytokine-dependent mechanisms in development of autoimmune thyroid disorders. Clinical and Experimental Thyroidology. 2010;6(4):22-7 (in Russian).
16. Sviridenko NYu, Bessmertnaya EG, Belovalova IM, et al. Autoantibodies, immunoglobulins and cytokine profile in patients with graves’ disease and Graves’ orbitopathy. Problems of Endocrinology. 2020;66(5):15-23 (in Russian). DOI:10.14341/probl12544
17. Salukhov VV, Kovalevskaya EA. Amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis: a modern view of the problem. Pharmateca. 2023;3:54-63 (in Russian). DOI:10.18565/pharmateca.2023.3.54-63
18. Mohyi M, Smith TJ. IGF1 receptor and thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy. J Mol Endocrinol. 2018;61(1):T29-43. DOI:10.1530/JME-17-0276
19. Wang Y, Smith TJ. Current concepts in the molecular pathogenesis of thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2014;55(3):1735-48. DOI:10.1167/iovs.14-14002
20. Strianese D, Rossi F. Interruption of autoimmunity for thyroid eye disease: B-cell and T-cell strategy. Eye (Lond). 2019;33(2):191-9. DOI:10.1038/s41433-018-0315-9
21. Krajewska-Węglewicz L, Radomska-Leśniewska DM, Dorobek M, et al. Update on pathogenesis and immunology of Graves’ ophthalmopathy. Cent Eur J Immunol. 2018;43(4):458-65. DOI:10.5114/ceji.2018.81360
22. Sadovskaya OP, Dravitsa LV. Modern View on the Etiology and Pathogenesis of Endocrine Ophthalmopathy. Health and Ecology Issues. 2019;59(1):9-14 (in Russian).
23. Fang S, Huang Y, Wang S, et al. IL-17A Exacerbates Fibrosis by Promoting the Proinflammatory and Profibrotic Function of Orbital Fibroblasts in TAO. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2016;101(8):2955-65. DOI:10.1210/jc.2016-1882
24. Pavanello F, Zucca E, Ghielmini M. Rituximab: 13 open questions after 20 years of clinical use. Cancer Treat Rev. 2017;53:38-46. DOI:10.1016/j.ctrv.2016.11.015
25. Leandro MJ. B-cell subpopulations in humans and their differential susceptibility to depletion with anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies. Arthritis Res Ther. 2013;15(Suppl. 1):S3. DOI:10.1186/ar3908
26. Heemstra KA, Toes RE, Sepers J, et al. Rituximab in relapsing Graves’ disease, a phase II study. Eur J Endocrinol. 2008;159(5):609-15. DOI:10.1530/EJE-08-0084
27. Khanna D, Chong KK, Afifiyan NF, et al. Rituximab treatment of patients with severe, corticosteroid-resistant thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy. Ophthalmology.
2010;117(1):133-9.e2. DOI:10.1016/j.ophtha.2009.05.029
28. Stan MN, Garrity JA, Carranza Leon BG, et al. Randomized controlled trial of rituximab in patients with Graves’ orbitopathy. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2015;100(2):432-41. DOI:10.1210/jc.2014-2572
29. Du FH, Mills EA, Mao-Draayer Y. Next-generation anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies in autoimmune disease treatment. Auto Immun Highlights. 2017;8(1):12.
DOI:10.1007/s13317-017-0100-y
30. Ristov J, Espie P, Ulrich P, et al. Characterization of the in vitro and in vivo properties of CFZ533, a blocking and non-depleting anti-CD40 monoclonal antibody. Am J Transplant. 2018;18(12):2895-904. DOI:10.1111/ajt.14872
31. Kahaly GJ, Stan MN, Frommer L, et al. A Novel Anti-CD40 Monoclonal Antibody, Iscalimab, for Control of Graves Hyperthyroidism-A Proof-of-Concept Trial. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2020;105(3). DOI:10.1210/clinem/dgz013
32. Smith B, Kiessling A, Lledo-Garcia R, et al. Generation and characterization of a high affinity anti-human FcRn antibody, rozanolixizumab, and the effects of different molecular formats on the reduction of plasma IgG concentration. MAbs. 2018;10(7):1111-30. DOI:10.1080/19420862.2018.1505464
33. Patel DA, Puig-Canto A, Challa DK, et al. Neonatal Fc receptor blockade by Fc engineering ameliorates arthritis in a murine model. J Immunol. 2011;187(2):1015-22. DOI:10.4049/jimmunol.1003780
34. Zuercher AW, Spirig R, Baz Morelli A, et al. Next-generation Fc receptor-targeting biologics for autoimmune diseases. Autoimmun Rev. 2019;18(10):102366. DOI:10.1016/j.autrev.2019.102366
35. Ulrichts P, Guglietta A, Dreier T, et al. Neonatal Fc receptor antagonist efgartigimod safely and sustainably reduces IgGs in humans. J Clin Invest. 2018;128(10):4372-86. DOI:10.1172/JCI97911
36. Howard JF Jr, Bril V, Burns TM, et al. Randomized phase 2 study of FcRn antagonist efgartigimod in generalized myasthenia gravis. Neurology.
2019;92(23):e2661-73. DOI:10.1212/WNL.0000000000007600
37. Newland AC, Sánchez-González B, Rejtő L, et al. Phase 2 study of efgartigimod, a novel FcRn antagonist, in adult patients with primary immune thrombocytopenia. Am J Hematol. 2020;95(2):178-87. DOI:10.1002/ajh.25680
38. Robak T, Kaźmierczak M, Jarque I, et al. Phase 2 multiple-dose study of an FcRn inhibitor, rozanolixizumab, in patients with primary immune thrombocytopenia. Blood Adv. 2020;4(17):4136-46. DOI:10.1182/bloodadvances.2020002003
39. Stohl W, Hiepe F, Latinis KM, et al. Belimumab reduces autoantibodies, normalizes low complement levels, and reduces sel ect B cell populations in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Rheum. 2012;64(7):2328-37. DOI:10.1002/art.34400
40. Jayne D, Blockmans D, Luqmani R, et al. Efficacy and Safety of Belimumab and Azathioprine for Maintenance of Remission in Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody-Associated Vasculitis: A Randomized Controlled Study. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2019;71(6):952-63. DOI:10.1002/art.40802
41. Neumann S, Nir EA, Eliseeva E, et al. A selective TSH receptor antagonist inhibits stimulation of thyroid function in female mice. Endocrinology. 2014;155(1):310-4. DOI:10.1210/en.2013-1835
42. Marcinkowski P, Hoyer I, Specker E, et al. A New Highly Thyrotropin Receptor-Selective Small-Molecule Antagonist with Potential for the Treatment of Graves’ Orbitopathy. Thyroid. 2019;29(1):111-23. DOI:10.1089/thy.2018.0349
43. Furmaniak J, Ryder M, Castro M, et al. Blocking the TSH receptor with the human monoclonal autoantibody K1-70(TM) improves Graves’ ophthalmopathy and aids control of advanced follicular thyroid carcinoma-results of long-term treatment under the first in human single patient expanded use therapy. Eur Thyroid J. 2018;7(Suppl. 1):Abstract P22.
44. Alhadj Ali M, Liu YF, Arif S, et al. Metabolic and immune effects of immunotherapy with proinsulin peptide in human new-onset type 1 diabetes. Sci Transl Med. 2017;9(402). DOI:10.1126/scitranslmed.aaf7779
45. Jansson L, Vrolix K, Jahraus A, et al. Immunotherapy With Apitopes Blocks the Immune Response to TSH Receptor in HLA-DR Transgenic Mice. Endocrinology.
2018;159(9):3446-57. DOI:10.1210/en.2018-00306
46. Pearce SHS, Dayan C, Wraith DC, et al. Antigen-Specific Immunotherapy with Thyrotropin Receptor Peptides in Graves’ Hyperthyroidism: A Phase I Study. Thyroid.
2019;29(7):1003-11. DOI:10.1089/thy.2019.0036
47. Douglas RS. Teprotumumab, an insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor antagonist antibody, in the treatment of active thyroid eye disease: a focus on proptosis. Eye (Lond). 2019;33(2):183-90. DOI:10.1038/s41433-018-0321-y
48. Hwang CJ, Eftekhari K. Teprotumumab for Thyroid Eye Disease. Int Ophthalmol Clin. 2020;60(2):47-55. DOI:10.1097/IIO.0000000000000307
49. Smith TJ, Hoa N. Immunoglobulins fr om patients with Graves’ disease induce hyaluronan synthesis in their orbital fibroblasts through the self-antigen, insulin-like growth factor-I receptor. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2004;89(10):5076-80. DOI:10.1210/jc.2004-0716
50. Douglas RS, Kahaly GJ, Patel A, et al. Teprotumumab for the Treatment of Active Thyroid Eye Disease. N Engl J Med. 2020;382(4):341-52. DOI:10.1056/NEJMoa1910434
51. Hamed Azzam S, Kang S, Salvi M, Ezra DG. Tocilizumab for thyroid eye disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018;11(11):CD012984. DOI:10.1002/14651858.CD012984.pub2
52. Ceballos-Macías José J, Rivera-Moscoso R, Flores-Real Jorge A, et al. Tocilizumab in glucocorticoid-resistant graves orbitopathy. A case series report of a mexican population. Ann Endocrinol (Paris). 2020;81(2-3):78-82. DOI:10.1016/j.ando.2020.01.003
2. Шустов С.Б., Халимов Ю.Ш., Салухов В.В., Труфанов Г.Е. Функциональная и топическая диагностика в эндокринологии: руководство для врачей. 3-е изд., перераб. и доп. М.: ГЭОТАР-Медиа, 2017 [Shustov SB, Khalimov IuSh, Salukhov VV, Trufanov GE. Funktsional’naia i topicheskaia diagnostika v endokrinologii: rukovodstvo dlia vrachei. 3-e izd., pererab. i dop. Moscow: GEOTAR-Media, 2017 (in Russian)].
3. Lane LC, Cheetham TD, Perros P, Pearce SHS. New Therapeutic Horizons for Graves’ Hyperthyroidism. Endocr Rev. 2020;41(6):873-84. DOI:10.1210/endrev/bnaa022
4. Burch HB, Perros P, Bednarczuk T, et al. Management of Thyroid Eye Disease: A Consensus Statement by the American Thyroid Association and the European Thyroid Association. Thyroid. 2022;32(12):1439-70. DOI:10.1089/thy.2022.0251
5. Здор В.В., Маркелова Е.В., Гельцер Б.И. Новые участники нарушения толерантности к антигенам щитовидной железы: к концепции иммунопатогенеза аутоиммунных заболеваний щитовидной железы (обзор литературы). Медицинская иммунология. 2016;18(3):209-20 [Zdor VV, Markelova EV, Geltser BI. New players in altered tolerance to thyroid gland antigens: an immunopathogenesis concept of autoimmune thyroid disease (review). Medical Immunology (Russia). 2016;18(3):209-20 (in Russian)].
DOI:10.15789/1563-0625-2016-3-209-220
6. Череданова В.Р., Потешкин Ю.Е. Моноклональные антитела в лечении эндокринной офтальмопатии. Вестник офтальмологии. 2021;137(4):116-22 [Cheredanova VR, Poteshkin YE. Monoclonal antibodies in the treatment of thyroid eye disease. Russian Annals of Ophthalmology. 2021;137(4):116-22 (in Russian)]. DOI:10.17116/oftalma2021137041116
7. Гельцер Б.И., Здор В.В., Котельников В.Н. Эволюция взглядов на патогенез аутоиммунных заболеваний щитовидной железы и перспективы их таргетной терапии. Клиническая медицина. 2017;95(6):524-34 [Gel’tser BI, Zdor VV, Kotel’nikov BN. Evolution of the views on pathogenesis of autoimmune thyroid diseases and prospects for their target therapy. Clinical Medicine. 2017; 95(6):524-34 (in Russian)]. DOI:10.18821/002321492017-956524534
8. LiVolsi VA, Baloch ZW. The Pathology of Hyperthyroidism. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2018;9:737. DOI:10.3389/fendo.2018.00737
9. Yaglova NV, Yaglov VV. Ultrastructural characteristics of molecular release of secretory products from thyroid mast cells induced by lipopolysaccharide. Bull Exp Biol Med. 2013;155(2):260-3. DOI:10.1007/s10517-013-2127-z
10. Lee HJ, Lombardi A, Stefan M, et al. CD40 Signaling in Graves Disease Is Mediated Through Canonical and Noncanonical Thyroidal Nuclear Factor κB Activation. Endocrinology. 2017;158(2):410-8. DOI:10.1210/en.2016-1609
11. Campi I, Tosi D, Rossi S, et al. B Cell Activating Factor (BAFF) and BAFF Receptor Expression in Autoimmune and Nonautoimmune Thyroid Diseases. Thyroid.
2015;25(9):1043-9. DOI:10.1089/thy.2015.0029
12. Максим О.В., Ромашевский Б.В., Демьяненко Н.Ю. Особенности патогенеза заболеваний щитовидной железы при COVID-19. Фарматека. 2023;3:34-43 [Maksim OV, Romashevsky BV, Demyanenco NYu. Features of the pathogenesis of thyroid diseases in COVID-19. Pharmateca. 2023;3:34-43 (in Russian)]. DOI:10.18565/pharmateca.2023.3.34-43
13. Кандрор В.И. Механизмы развития болезни Грейвса и действия тиреоидных гормонов. Клиническая и экспериментальная тиреоидология. 2008;4(1):26-34 [Kandror V. Pathogenesis of Graves Disease and Mechanism of Action of Thiroid Hormones. Clinical and Experimental Thyroidology. 2008;4(1):26-34 (in Russian)]. DOI:10.14341/ket20084126-34
14. Таскина Е.С., Харинцева С.В., Харинцев В.В., Серкин Д.М. Новые возможности в диагностике эндокринной офтальмопатии (обзор литературы). Клиническая и экспериментальная тиреоидология. 2017;13(3):20-8 [Taskina ES, Charinzeva SV, Charinzev VV, Serkin DM. New opportunities in endocrine ophthalmopathy diagnostics (review). Clinical and Experimental Thyroidology. 2017;13(3):20-8 (in Russian)]. DOI:10.14341/ket2017320-28
15. Саприна Т.В., Прохоренко Т.С., Рязанцева Н.В., Ворожцова И.Н. Цитокинопосредованные механизмы формирования аутоиммунных тиреопатий. Клиническая и экспериментальная тиреодология. 2010;6(4):22-7 [Saprina TV, Prochorenko TS, Ryasanzeva NV, Vorochzova IN. Cytokine-dependent mechanisms in development of autoimmune thyroid disorders. Clinical and Experimental Thyroidology. 2010;6(4):22-7 (in Russian)].
16. Свириденко Н.Ю., Бессмертная Е.Г., Беловалова И.М., и др. Аутоантитела, иммуноглобулины и цитокиновый профиль у пациентов с болезнью Грейвса и эндокринной офтальмопатией. Проблемы эндокринологии. 2020;66(5):15-23 [Sviridenko NYu, Bessmertnaya EG, Belovalova IM, et al. Autoantibodies, immunoglobulins and cytokine profile in patients with graves’ disease and Graves’ orbitopathy. Problems of Endocrinology. 2020;66(5):15-23 (in Russian)]. DOI:10.14341/probl12544
17. Салухов В.В., Ковалевская Е.А. Амиодорон-индуцированный тиреотоксикоз: современный взгляд на проблему. Фарматека. 2023;3:54-63 [Salukhov VV, Kovalevskaya EA. Amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis: a modern view of the problem. Pharmateca. 2023;3:54-63 (in Russian)]. DOI:10.18565/pharmateca.2023.3.54-63
18. Mohyi M, Smith TJ. IGF1 receptor and thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy. J Mol Endocrinol. 2018;61(1):T29-43. DOI:10.1530/JME-17-0276
19. Wang Y, Smith TJ. Current concepts in the molecular pathogenesis of thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2014;55(3):1735-48. DOI:10.1167/iovs.14-14002
20. Strianese D, Rossi F. Interruption of autoimmunity for thyroid eye disease: B-cell and T-cell strategy. Eye (Lond). 2019;33(2):191-9. DOI:10.1038/s41433-018-0315-9
21. Krajewska-Węglewicz L, Radomska-Leśniewska DM, Dorobek M, et al. Update on pathogenesis and immunology of Graves’ ophthalmopathy. Cent Eur J Immunol. 2018;43(4):458-65. DOI:10.5114/ceji.2018.81360
22. Садовская О.П., Дравица Л.В. Современный взгляд на этиологию и патогенез эндокринной офтальмопатии. Проблемы здоровья и экологии. 2019;59(1):9-14 [Sadovskaya OP, Dravitsa LV. Modern View on the Etiology and Pathogenesis of Endocrine Ophthalmopathy. Health and Ecology Issues. 2019;59(1):9-14 (in Russian)].
23. Fang S, Huang Y, Wang S, et al. IL-17A Exacerbates Fibrosis by Promoting the Proinflammatory and Profibrotic Function of Orbital Fibroblasts in TAO. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2016;101(8):2955-65. DOI:10.1210/jc.2016-1882
24. Pavanello F, Zucca E, Ghielmini M. Rituximab: 13 open questions after 20 years of clinical use. Cancer Treat Rev. 2017;53:38-46. DOI:10.1016/j.ctrv.2016.11.015
25. Leandro MJ. B-cell subpopulations in humans and their differential susceptibility to depletion with anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies. Arthritis Res Ther. 2013;15(Suppl. 1):S3. DOI:10.1186/ar3908
26. Heemstra KA, Toes RE, Sepers J, et al. Rituximab in relapsing Graves’ disease, a phase II study. Eur J Endocrinol. 2008;159(5):609-15. DOI:10.1530/EJE-08-0084
27. Khanna D, Chong KK, Afifiyan NF, et al. Rituximab treatment of patients with severe, corticosteroid-resistant thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy. Ophthalmology.
2010;117(1):133-9.e2. DOI:10.1016/j.ophtha.2009.05.029
28. Stan MN, Garrity JA, Carranza Leon BG, et al. Randomized controlled trial of rituximab in patients with Graves’ orbitopathy. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2015;100(2):432-41. DOI:10.1210/jc.2014-2572
29. Du FH, Mills EA, Mao-Draayer Y. Next-generation anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies in autoimmune disease treatment. Auto Immun Highlights. 2017;8(1):12.
DOI:10.1007/s13317-017-0100-y
30. Ristov J, Espie P, Ulrich P, et al. Characterization of the in vitro and in vivo properties of CFZ533, a blocking and non-depleting anti-CD40 monoclonal antibody. Am J Transplant. 2018;18(12):2895-904. DOI:10.1111/ajt.14872
31. Kahaly GJ, Stan MN, Frommer L, et al. A Novel Anti-CD40 Monoclonal Antibody, Iscalimab, for Control of Graves Hyperthyroidism-A Proof-of-Concept Trial. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2020;105(3). DOI:10.1210/clinem/dgz013
32. Smith B, Kiessling A, Lledo-Garcia R, et al. Generation and characterization of a high affinity anti-human FcRn antibody, rozanolixizumab, and the effects of different molecular formats on the reduction of plasma IgG concentration. MAbs. 2018;10(7):1111-30. DOI:10.1080/19420862.2018.1505464
33. Patel DA, Puig-Canto A, Challa DK, et al. Neonatal Fc receptor blockade by Fc engineering ameliorates arthritis in a murine model. J Immunol. 2011;187(2):1015-22. DOI:10.4049/jimmunol.1003780
34. Zuercher AW, Spirig R, Baz Morelli A, et al. Next-generation Fc receptor-targeting biologics for autoimmune diseases. Autoimmun Rev. 2019;18(10):102366. DOI:10.1016/j.autrev.2019.102366
35. Ulrichts P, Guglietta A, Dreier T, et al. Neonatal Fc receptor antagonist efgartigimod safely and sustainably reduces IgGs in humans. J Clin Invest. 2018;128(10):4372-86. DOI:10.1172/JCI97911
36. Howard JF Jr, Bril V, Burns TM, et al. Randomized phase 2 study of FcRn antagonist efgartigimod in generalized myasthenia gravis. Neurology.
2019;92(23):e2661-73. DOI:10.1212/WNL.0000000000007600
37. Newland AC, Sánchez-González B, Rejtő L, et al. Phase 2 study of efgartigimod, a novel FcRn antagonist, in adult patients with primary immune thrombocytopenia. Am J Hematol. 2020;95(2):178-87. DOI:10.1002/ajh.25680
38. Robak T, Kaźmierczak M, Jarque I, et al. Phase 2 multiple-dose study of an FcRn inhibitor, rozanolixizumab, in patients with primary immune thrombocytopenia. Blood Adv. 2020;4(17):4136-46. DOI:10.1182/bloodadvances.2020002003
39. Stohl W, Hiepe F, Latinis KM, et al. Belimumab reduces autoantibodies, normalizes low complement levels, and reduces sel ect B cell populations in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Rheum. 2012;64(7):2328-37. DOI:10.1002/art.34400
40. Jayne D, Blockmans D, Luqmani R, et al. Efficacy and Safety of Belimumab and Azathioprine for Maintenance of Remission in Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody-Associated Vasculitis: A Randomized Controlled Study. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2019;71(6):952-63. DOI:10.1002/art.40802
41. Neumann S, Nir EA, Eliseeva E, et al. A selective TSH receptor antagonist inhibits stimulation of thyroid function in female mice. Endocrinology. 2014;155(1):310-4. DOI:10.1210/en.2013-1835
42. Marcinkowski P, Hoyer I, Specker E, et al. A New Highly Thyrotropin Receptor-Selective Small-Molecule Antagonist with Potential for the Treatment of Graves’ Orbitopathy. Thyroid. 2019;29(1):111-23. DOI:10.1089/thy.2018.0349
43. Furmaniak J, Ryder M, Castro M, et al. Blocking the TSH receptor with the human monoclonal autoantibody K1-70(TM) improves Graves’ ophthalmopathy and aids control of advanced follicular thyroid carcinoma-results of long-term treatment under the first in human single patient expanded use therapy. Eur Thyroid J. 2018;7(Suppl. 1):Abstract P22.
44. Alhadj Ali M, Liu YF, Arif S, et al. Metabolic and immune effects of immunotherapy with proinsulin peptide in human new-onset type 1 diabetes. Sci Transl Med. 2017;9(402). DOI:10.1126/scitranslmed.aaf7779
45. Jansson L, Vrolix K, Jahraus A, et al. Immunotherapy With Apitopes Blocks the Immune Response to TSH Receptor in HLA-DR Transgenic Mice. Endocrinology.
2018;159(9):3446-57. DOI:10.1210/en.2018-00306
46. Pearce SHS, Dayan C, Wraith DC, et al. Antigen-Specific Immunotherapy with Thyrotropin Receptor Peptides in Graves’ Hyperthyroidism: A Phase I Study. Thyroid.
2019;29(7):1003-11. DOI:10.1089/thy.2019.0036
47. Douglas RS. Teprotumumab, an insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor antagonist antibody, in the treatment of active thyroid eye disease: a focus on proptosis. Eye (Lond). 2019;33(2):183-90. DOI:10.1038/s41433-018-0321-y
48. Hwang CJ, Eftekhari K. Teprotumumab for Thyroid Eye Disease. Int Ophthalmol Clin. 2020;60(2):47-55. DOI:10.1097/IIO.0000000000000307
49. Smith TJ, Hoa N. Immunoglobulins fr om patients with Graves’ disease induce hyaluronan synthesis in their orbital fibroblasts through the self-antigen, insulin-like growth factor-I receptor. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2004;89(10):5076-80. DOI:10.1210/jc.2004-0716
50. Douglas RS, Kahaly GJ, Patel A, et al. Teprotumumab for the Treatment of Active Thyroid Eye Disease. N Engl J Med. 2020;382(4):341-52. DOI:10.1056/NEJMoa1910434
51. Hamed Azzam S, Kang S, Salvi M, Ezra DG. Tocilizumab for thyroid eye disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018;11(11):CD012984. DOI:10.1002/14651858.CD012984.pub2
52. Ceballos-Macías José J, Rivera-Moscoso R, Flores-Real Jorge A, et al. Tocilizumab in glucocorticoid-resistant graves orbitopathy. A case series report of a mexican population. Ann Endocrinol (Paris). 2020;81(2-3):78-82. DOI:10.1016/j.ando.2020.01.003
________________________________________________
2. Shustov SB, Khalimov IuSh, Salukhov VV, Trufanov GE. Funktsional’naia i topicheskaia diagnostika v endokrinologii: rukovodstvo dlia vrachei. 3-e izd., pererab. i dop. Moscow: GEOTAR-Media, 2017 (in Russian).
3. Lane LC, Cheetham TD, Perros P, Pearce SHS. New Therapeutic Horizons for Graves’ Hyperthyroidism. Endocr Rev. 2020;41(6):873-84. DOI:10.1210/endrev/bnaa022
4. Burch HB, Perros P, Bednarczuk T, et al. Management of Thyroid Eye Disease: A Consensus Statement by the American Thyroid Association and the European Thyroid Association. Thyroid. 2022;32(12):1439-70. DOI:10.1089/thy.2022.0251
5. Zdor VV, Markelova EV, Geltser BI. New players in altered tolerance to thyroid gland antigens: an immunopathogenesis concept of autoimmune thyroid disease (review). Medical Immunology (Russia). 2016;18(3):209-20 (in Russian). DOI:10.15789/1563-0625-2016-3-209-220
6. Cheredanova VR, Poteshkin YE. Monoclonal antibodies in the treatment of thyroid eye disease. Russian Annals of Ophthalmology. 2021;137(4):116-22 (in Russian). DOI:10.17116/oftalma2021137041116
7. Gel’tser BI, Zdor VV, Kotel’nikov BN. Evolution of the views on pathogenesis of autoimmune thyroid diseases and prospects for their target therapy. Clinical Medicine.
2017; 95(6):524-34 (in Russian). DOI:10.18821/002321492017-956524534
8. LiVolsi VA, Baloch ZW. The Pathology of Hyperthyroidism. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2018;9:737. DOI:10.3389/fendo.2018.00737
9. Yaglova NV, Yaglov VV. Ultrastructural characteristics of molecular release of secretory products from thyroid mast cells induced by lipopolysaccharide. Bull Exp Biol Med. 2013;155(2):260-3. DOI:10.1007/s10517-013-2127-z
10. Lee HJ, Lombardi A, Stefan M, et al. CD40 Signaling in Graves Disease Is Mediated Through Canonical and Noncanonical Thyroidal Nuclear Factor κB Activation. Endocrinology. 2017;158(2):410-8. DOI:10.1210/en.2016-1609
11. Campi I, Tosi D, Rossi S, et al. B Cell Activating Factor (BAFF) and BAFF Receptor Expression in Autoimmune and Nonautoimmune Thyroid Diseases. Thyroid.
2015;25(9):1043-9. DOI:10.1089/thy.2015.0029
12. Maksim OV, Romashevsky BV, Demyanenco NYu. Features of the pathogenesis of thyroid diseases in COVID-19. Pharmateca. 2023;3:34-43 (in Russian). DOI:10.18565/pharmateca.2023.3.34-43
13. Kandror V. Pathogenesis of Graves Disease and Mechanism of Action of Thiroid Hormones. Clinical and Experimental Thyroidology. 2008;4(1):26-34 (in Russian). DOI:10.14341/ket20084126-34
14. Taskina ES, Charinzeva SV, Charinzev VV, Serkin DM. New opportunities in endocrine ophthalmopathy diagnostics (review). Clinical and Experimental Thyroidology. 2017;13(3):20-8 (in Russian). DOI:10.14341/ket2017320-28
15. Saprina TV, Prochorenko TS, Ryasanzeva NV, Vorochzova IN. Cytokine-dependent mechanisms in development of autoimmune thyroid disorders. Clinical and Experimental Thyroidology. 2010;6(4):22-7 (in Russian).
16. Sviridenko NYu, Bessmertnaya EG, Belovalova IM, et al. Autoantibodies, immunoglobulins and cytokine profile in patients with graves’ disease and Graves’ orbitopathy. Problems of Endocrinology. 2020;66(5):15-23 (in Russian). DOI:10.14341/probl12544
17. Salukhov VV, Kovalevskaya EA. Amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis: a modern view of the problem. Pharmateca. 2023;3:54-63 (in Russian). DOI:10.18565/pharmateca.2023.3.54-63
18. Mohyi M, Smith TJ. IGF1 receptor and thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy. J Mol Endocrinol. 2018;61(1):T29-43. DOI:10.1530/JME-17-0276
19. Wang Y, Smith TJ. Current concepts in the molecular pathogenesis of thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2014;55(3):1735-48. DOI:10.1167/iovs.14-14002
20. Strianese D, Rossi F. Interruption of autoimmunity for thyroid eye disease: B-cell and T-cell strategy. Eye (Lond). 2019;33(2):191-9. DOI:10.1038/s41433-018-0315-9
21. Krajewska-Węglewicz L, Radomska-Leśniewska DM, Dorobek M, et al. Update on pathogenesis and immunology of Graves’ ophthalmopathy. Cent Eur J Immunol. 2018;43(4):458-65. DOI:10.5114/ceji.2018.81360
22. Sadovskaya OP, Dravitsa LV. Modern View on the Etiology and Pathogenesis of Endocrine Ophthalmopathy. Health and Ecology Issues. 2019;59(1):9-14 (in Russian).
23. Fang S, Huang Y, Wang S, et al. IL-17A Exacerbates Fibrosis by Promoting the Proinflammatory and Profibrotic Function of Orbital Fibroblasts in TAO. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2016;101(8):2955-65. DOI:10.1210/jc.2016-1882
24. Pavanello F, Zucca E, Ghielmini M. Rituximab: 13 open questions after 20 years of clinical use. Cancer Treat Rev. 2017;53:38-46. DOI:10.1016/j.ctrv.2016.11.015
25. Leandro MJ. B-cell subpopulations in humans and their differential susceptibility to depletion with anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies. Arthritis Res Ther. 2013;15(Suppl. 1):S3. DOI:10.1186/ar3908
26. Heemstra KA, Toes RE, Sepers J, et al. Rituximab in relapsing Graves’ disease, a phase II study. Eur J Endocrinol. 2008;159(5):609-15. DOI:10.1530/EJE-08-0084
27. Khanna D, Chong KK, Afifiyan NF, et al. Rituximab treatment of patients with severe, corticosteroid-resistant thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy. Ophthalmology.
2010;117(1):133-9.e2. DOI:10.1016/j.ophtha.2009.05.029
28. Stan MN, Garrity JA, Carranza Leon BG, et al. Randomized controlled trial of rituximab in patients with Graves’ orbitopathy. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2015;100(2):432-41. DOI:10.1210/jc.2014-2572
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Авторы
О.В. Максим, В.В. Салухов*, Б.В. Ромашевский
ФГБВОУ ВО «Военно-медицинская академия им. С.М. Кирова», Санкт-Петербург, Россия
*vlasaluk@yandex.ru
Kirov Military Medical Academy, Saint Petersburg, Russia
*vlasaluk@yandex.ru
ФГБВОУ ВО «Военно-медицинская академия им. С.М. Кирова», Санкт-Петербург, Россия
*vlasaluk@yandex.ru
________________________________________________
Kirov Military Medical Academy, Saint Petersburg, Russia
*vlasaluk@yandex.ru
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