1. Пульмонология: национальное руководство. Под ред. А.Г. Чучалина. М.: ГЭОТАР-Медиа, 2009 [Pulmonologiia: natsionalnoe rukovodstvo. Pod red. AG Chuchalina. Moscow: GEOTAR-Media, 2009 (in Russian)].
2. Tobacco fact sheet No. 339. In: World Health Organization. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2013. Available at: http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs339/en. Accessed: 31.10.2023.
3. Антонов В.Н., Игнатова Г.Л., Родионова О.В., и др. Табакокурение и функциональное состояние респираторной системы у больных с хронической обструктивной болезнью легких. Сибирское медицинское обозрение. 2014;6(90):75-8 [Antonov VN, Ignatova GL, Rodionova OV, et al. Smoking and functional state of the respiratory system in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Sibirskoe Meditsinskoe Obozrenie. 2014;6(90):75-8 (in Russian)].
4. Пятин В.Ф., Мокин Е.Д. Сравнительная клинико-функциональная оценка статуса легочного здоровья у курящих и некурящих молодых людей. Вестник «Здоровье и образование в XXI веке». 2017;19(3):65-7 [Pyatin VF, Mokin ED. The comparative clinic–functional assessment of the status of pulmonary health in smokers and nonsmokers of young people. Health and Education Millennium. 2017;19(3):65-7 (in Russian)].
5. Haughney J, Gruffydd-Jones K, Roberts J, et al. The distribution of COPD in UK general practice using the new GOLD classification. Eur Respir J. 2014;43(4):993-1002.
6. Куташов В.А., Сахаров И.Е. Табакокурение. В кн.: Наркология. Клиника. Диагностика. Лечение. Воронеж. 2016; c. 721-55 [Kutashov VA, Sakharov IE. Tabakokurenie. V kn.: Narkologiia. Klinika. Diagnostika. Lechenie. Voronezh. 2016; p. 721-55 (in Russian)].
7. Neergaard JM, Singh P, Job J, Montgomery S. Waterpipe smoking and nicotine exposure: a review of the current evidence. Nicotine Tob Res. 2007;9(10):987-94.
8. Зайцева О.Е., Масагутов Р.М., Юлдашев В.Л. Табачная зависимость и метаболизм никотина: есть взаимосвязь? Фундаментальные исследования. 2014;10:1612-6 [Zaiceva OE, Masagutov RM, Iuldashev VL. Tabachnaia zavisimost i metabolizm nikotina: est vzaimosviaz? Fundamentalnyie Issledovaniia. 2014;10:1612-6 (in Russian)].
9. Wang C, Qian W, Zhang M. Advance in studies on dopamine system related genetic polymorphisms associated with nicotinedependence. Zhonghua Yi Xue Yi Chuan Xue Za Zhi. 2014;31(3):334-7.
10. Benowitz NL, Hukkanen J, Jacob P. Nicotine chemistry, metabolism, kinetics and biomarkers. Handb Exp Pharmacol. 2009;(192):29-60.
11. Maccani МА, Knopik VS. Cigarette Smoke Exposure-Associated Alterations to Non-Coding RNA. Front Genet. 2012;3:53.
12. Carroll MV, Shensa A, Primack BA. A comparison of cigarette- and hookah-related videos on YouTube. Tob Control. 2013;22(5):319-23.
13. Cobb CO, Shihadeh AL, Weaver MF, Eissenberg T. Waterpipe tobacco smoking and cigarette smoking: a direct comparison of toxicant exposure and subjective effects. Nicotine Tob Res. 2011;13(2):78-87.
14. Cobb CO, Ward KD, Maziak W, et al. Waterpipe tobacco smoking: an emerging health crisis in the United States. Am J Health Behav. 2010;34(3):275-85.
15. Martinasek MP, McDermott RJ, Martini L. Waterpipe (hookah) tobacco smoking among youth. Curr Probl Pediatr Adolesc Health Care. 2011;41(2):34-57.
16. Maziak W. The global epidemic of waterpipe smoking. Addict Behav. 2011;36(1-2):1-5.
17. Maziak W. The waterpipe: an emerging global risk for cancer. Cancer Epidemiol. 2013;37(1):1-4.
18. Maziak W, Ward KD, Afifi Soweid RA, Eissenberg T. Tobacco smoking using a waterpipe: a re-emerging strain in a global epidemic. Tob Control. 2004;13(4):327-33.
19. Fromme H, Dietrich S, Heitmann D, et al. Indoor air contamination during a waterpipe (narghile) smoking session. Food Chem Toxicol. 2009;47(7):1636-41.
20. Daher N, Saleh R, Jaroudi E, et al. Comparison of carcinogen, carbon monoxide, and ultrafi ne particle emissions from narghile waterpipe and cigarette smoking: Sidestream smoke measurements and assessment of second-hand smoke emission factors. Atmos Environ. 2010;44(1):8-14.
21. Goniewicz ML, Eisner MD, Lazcano-Ponce E, et al. Comparison of urine cotinine and the tobacco-specific nitrosamine metabolite 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL) and their ratio to discriminate active from passive smoking. Nicotine Tob Res. 2011;13(3):202-8.
22. Katurji M, Daher N, Sheheitli H, et al. Direct measurement of toxicants inhaled by waterpipe users in the natural environment using a real-time in situ sampling technique. Inhal Toxicol. 2010;2(13):1101-9.
23. Moran VE. Cotinine: Beyond that Expected, More than a Biomarker of Tobacco Consumption. Front Pharmacol. 2012;3:173.
24. Primack BA, Sidani JE, Agarwal AA, et al. Prevalence of and Associations with Waterpipe Tobacco Smoking among U.S. University Students. Ann Behav Med. 2008;36(1):81-6.
25. Стрюк Р.И., Локшина Э.Э., Брыткова Я.В., и др. Негативный эффект аддитивного воздействия курения табака и железодефицитной анемии во время беременности. Лечебное дело. 2023;1:81-8 [Stryuk RI, Lokshina EE, Brytkova YaV, et al. Negative effect of additive exposure to tobacco smoking and iron–deficiency anemia during pregnancy Lechebnoe Delo. 2023;1:81-8 (in Russian)].
26. Казачков Е.Л., Кузнецова А.Б., Шумилина К.С. Современное учение о хронической обструктивной болезни легких: вопросы терминологии, этиологии, механизмов развития, патоморфологии (обзор литературы). Вестник Челябинской областной клинической больницы. 2009;3(6):39-44 [Kazachkov EL, Kuznetsova AB, Shumilina KS. Sovremennoe uchenie o khronicheskoi obstruktivnoi bolezni legkikh: voprosy terminologii, etiologii, mekhanizmov razvitiia, patomorfologii (obzor literatury). Vestnik Cheliabinskoi Oblastnoi Klinicheskoi Bolnitsy. 2009;3(6):39-44 (in Russian)].
27. Meyer KC, Raghu G, Baughman RP, et al. An official American Thoracic Society clinical practice guideline: the clinical utility of bronchoalveolar lavage cellular analysis in interstitial lung disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2012;185(9):1004-14.
28. Morrison D, Rahman I, Lannan S, et al. Epithelial permeability, inflammation, and oxidant stress in the air spaces of smokers. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1999;159(2):473-9.
29. Mateos F, Brock JH, Pérez-Arellano JL. Iron metabolism in the lower respiratory tract. Thorax. 1998;53(7):594-600.
30. Земсков А.М., Земсков В.М., Караулов А.В. Иммунопатология и иммунокоррекция неспецифических воспалительных заболеваний легких. М. – Воронеж, 2000 [Zemskov AM, Zemskov VM, Karaulov AV. Immunopatologiia i immunokorrektsiia nespetsificheskikh vospalitelnykh zabolevanii legkikh. Moscow – Voronezh, 2000 (in Russian)].
31. Караулов А.В. Клиническая иммунология и аллергология: учебное пособие. М., 2002 [Karaulov AV. Klinicheskaia immunologiia i allergologiia: uchebnoe posobie. Moscow, 2002 (in Russian)].
32. Вихрева О.В. Современные медикаментозные методы лечения табачной зависимости (обзор литературы). Профилактика заболеваний и укрепления здоровья. 2002;3:35-42 [Vikhreva OV. Sovremennie medikamentoznie metody lecheniia tabachnoi zavisimosti (obzor literatury). Profilaktika Zabolevanii i Ukrepleniia Zdorovia. 2002;3:35-42 (in Russian)].
33. Warren JS, Johnson KJ, Ward PA. Consequences of oxidant injury. The Lung Scientific Foundations. Eds RG Crystal, JB West, ER Weibel, et al. 2nd ed. NY: RavenPress, 1997;
p. 2279-88.
34. Ghezzi P, Dinarello CA, Bianchi M, et al. Hypoxia increases production of interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor by human mononuclear cells. Cytokine. 1991;3(3):189-94.
35. Cotgreave IA, Eklund A, Larsson K, et al. No penetration of orally administered N-acetylcysteine into bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Eur J Respir Dis. 1987;70(2):73-7.
36. MacNee W. Oxidative stress and lung inflammation in airways disease. Eur J Pharmacol. 2001;429(1-3):195-207.
37. Rahman I, Morrison D, Donaldson K, et al. Systemic oxidative stress in asthma, COPD, and smokers. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1996;154(4 Pt 1):1055-60.
38. Barnes PJ. Scientific rationale for inhaled combination therapy with long-acting beta2-agonists and corticosteroids. Eur Respir J. 2002;19(1):182-91.
39. Christenson SA, Smith BM, Bafadhel M, et al. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Lancet. 2022;399(10342):2227-42.
40. Saetta M, Di Stefano A, Turato G, et al. CD8+ T-lymphocytes in peripheral airways of smokers with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med.
1998;157(3 Pt 1):822-6.
41. Saetta M, Turato G, Maestrelli P, et al. Cellular and structural bases of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2001;163(6):1304-9. 
42. Vachier I, Vignola AM, Chiappara G, et al. Inflammatory features of nasal mucosa in smokers with and without COPD. Thorax. 2004;59(4):303-7.
43. Gamble E, Grootendorst DC, Hattotuwa K, et al. Airway mucosal inflammation in COPD is similar in smokers and ex-smokers: a pooled analysis. Eur Respir J. 2007;30(3):467-71.
44. Hogg JC, Chu F, Utokaparch S, et al. The nature of small-airway obstruction in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. N Engl J Med. 2004;350(26):2645-53.
45. Андреева Е.А., Похазникова М.А., Кузнецова О.Ю. Распространенность курения среди жителей двух городов северо-западного региона России по данным международного исследования «респект». Профилактическая медицина. 2020;23(1):92-9 [Andreeva EA, Pokhaznikova MA, Kuznetsova OYu. The prevalence of smoking among residents of two cities in the North-West region of Russia according to the RESPECT international study. Russian Journal of Preventive Medicine. 2020;23(1):92‑9 (in Russian)].
46. Дзюбайло А.В., Лотков В.С. Никотиновая зависимость и гормональный дисбаланс у беременных курильщиц с разной степенью тяжести ХОБЛ. Вестник современной клинической медицины. 2023;16(2):18‑22 [Dzyubailo AV, Lotkov VS. Nicotine addiction and hormonal imbalance in pregnant smokers with varying degrees of COPD severity. Bulletin of Contemporary Clinical Medicine. 2023;16(2):18‑22 (in Russian)]. DOI:10.20969/VSKM.2023.16(2).18-22

________________________________________________

1. Pulmonologiia: natsionalnoe rukovodstvo. Pod red. AG Chuchalina. Moscow: GEOTAR-Media, 2009 (in Russian).
2. Tobacco fact sheet No. 339. In: World Health Organization. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2013. Available at: http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs339/en. Accessed: 31.10.2023.
3. Antonov VN, Ignatova GL, Rodionova OV, et al. Smoking and functional state of the respiratory system in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Sibirskoe Meditsinskoe Obozrenie. 2014;6(90):75-8 (in Russian).
4. Pyatin VF, Mokin ED. The comparative clinic–functional assessment of the status of pulmonary health in smokers and nonsmokers of young people. Health and Education Millennium. 2017;19(3):65-7 (in Russian).
5. Haughney J, Gruffydd-Jones K, Roberts J, et al. The distribution of COPD in UK general practice using the new GOLD classification. Eur Respir J. 2014;43(4):993-1002.
6. Kutashov VA, Sakharov IE. Tabakokurenie. V kn.: Narkologiia. Klinika. Diagnostika. Lechenie. Voronezh. 2016; p. 721-55 (in Russian).
7. Neergaard JM, Singh P, Job J, Montgomery S. Waterpipe smoking and nicotine exposure: a review of the current evidence. Nicotine Tob Res. 2007;9(10):987-94.
8. Zaiceva OE, Masagutov RM, Iuldashev VL. Tabachnaia zavisimost i metabolizm nikotina: est vzaimosviaz? Fundamentalnyie Issledovaniia. 2014;10:1612-6 (in Russian).
9. Wang C, Qian W, Zhang M. Advance in studies on dopamine system related genetic polymorphisms associated with nicotinedependence. Zhonghua Yi Xue Yi Chuan Xue Za Zhi. 2014;31(3):334-7.
10. Benowitz NL, Hukkanen J, Jacob P. Nicotine chemistry, metabolism, kinetics and biomarkers. Handb Exp Pharmacol. 2009;(192):29-60.
11. Maccani МА, Knopik VS. Cigarette Smoke Exposure-Associated Alterations to Non-Coding RNA. Front Genet. 2012;3:53.
12. Carroll MV, Shensa A, Primack BA. A comparison of cigarette- and hookah-related videos on YouTube. Tob Control. 2013;22(5):319-23.
13. Cobb CO, Shihadeh AL, Weaver MF, Eissenberg T. Waterpipe tobacco smoking and cigarette smoking: a direct comparison of toxicant exposure and subjective effects. Nicotine Tob Res. 2011;13(2):78-87.
14. Cobb CO, Ward KD, Maziak W, et al. Waterpipe tobacco smoking: an emerging health crisis in the United States. Am J Health Behav. 2010;34(3):275-85.
15. Martinasek MP, McDermott RJ, Martini L. Waterpipe (hookah) tobacco smoking among youth. Curr Probl Pediatr Adolesc Health Care. 2011;41(2):34-57.
16. Maziak W. The global epidemic of waterpipe smoking. Addict Behav. 2011;36(1-2):1-5.
17. Maziak W. The waterpipe: an emerging global risk for cancer. Cancer Epidemiol. 2013;37(1):1-4.
18. Maziak W, Ward KD, Afifi Soweid RA, Eissenberg T. Tobacco smoking using a waterpipe: a re-emerging strain in a global epidemic. Tob Control. 2004;13(4):327-33.
19. Fromme H, Dietrich S, Heitmann D, et al. Indoor air contamination during a waterpipe (narghile) smoking session. Food Chem Toxicol. 2009;47(7):1636-41.
20. Daher N, Saleh R, Jaroudi E, et al. Comparison of carcinogen, carbon monoxide, and ultrafi ne particle emissions from narghile waterpipe and cigarette smoking: Sidestream smoke measurements and assessment of second-hand smoke emission factors. Atmos Environ. 2010;44(1):8-14.
21. Goniewicz ML, Eisner MD, Lazcano-Ponce E, et al. Comparison of urine cotinine and the tobacco-specific nitrosamine metabolite 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL) and their ratio to discriminate active from passive smoking. Nicotine Tob Res. 2011;13(3):202-8.
22. Katurji M, Daher N, Sheheitli H, et al. Direct measurement of toxicants inhaled by waterpipe users in the natural environment using a real-time in situ sampling technique. Inhal Toxicol. 2010;2(13):1101-9.
23. Moran VE. Cotinine: Beyond that Expected, More than a Biomarker of Tobacco Consumption. Front Pharmacol. 2012;3:173.
24. Primack BA, Sidani JE, Agarwal AA, et al. Prevalence of and Associations with Waterpipe Tobacco Smoking among U.S. University Students. Ann Behav Med. 2008;36(1):81-6.
25. Stryuk RI, Lokshina EE, Brytkova YaV, et al. Negative effect of additive exposure to tobacco smoking and iron–deficiency anemia during pregnancy Lechebnoe Delo. 2023;1:81-8 (in Russian).
26. Kazachkov EL, Kuznetsova AB, Shumilina KS. Sovremennoe uchenie o khronicheskoi obstruktivnoi bolezni legkikh: voprosy terminologii, etiologii, mekhanizmov razvitiia, patomorfologii (obzor literatury). Vestnik Cheliabinskoi Oblastnoi Klinicheskoi Bolnitsy. 2009;3(6):39-44 (in Russian).
27. Meyer KC, Raghu G, Baughman RP, et al. An official American Thoracic Society clinical practice guideline: the clinical utility of bronchoalveolar lavage cellular analysis in interstitial lung disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2012;185(9):1004-14.
28. Morrison D, Rahman I, Lannan S, et al. Epithelial permeability, inflammation, and oxidant stress in the air spaces of smokers. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1999;159(2):473-9.
29. Mateos F, Brock JH, Pérez-Arellano JL. Iron metabolism in the lower respiratory tract. Thorax. 1998;53(7):594-600.
30. Zemskov AM, Zemskov VM, Karaulov AV. Immunopatologiia i immunokorrektsiia nespetsificheskikh vospalitelnykh zabolevanii legkikh. Moscow – Voronezh, 2000 (in Russian).
31. Karaulov AV. Klinicheskaia immunologiia i allergologiia: uchebnoe posobie. Moscow, 2002 (in Russian).
32. Vikhreva OV. Sovremennie medikamentoznie metody lecheniia tabachnoi zavisimosti (obzor literatury). Profilaktika Zabolevanii i Ukrepleniia Zdorovia. 2002;3:35-42 (in Russian).
33. Warren JS, Johnson KJ, Ward PA. Consequences of oxidant injury. The Lung Scientific Foundations. Eds RG Crystal, JB West, ER Weibel, et al. 2nd ed. NY: RavenPress, 1997;
p. 2279-88.
34. Ghezzi P, Dinarello CA, Bianchi M, et al. Hypoxia increases production of interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor by human mononuclear cells. Cytokine. 1991;3(3):189-94.
35. Cotgreave IA, Eklund A, Larsson K, et al. No penetration of orally administered N-acetylcysteine into bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Eur J Respir Dis. 1987;70(2):73-7.
36. MacNee W. Oxidative stress and lung inflammation in airways disease. Eur J Pharmacol. 2001;429(1-3):195-207.
37. Rahman I, Morrison D, Donaldson K, et al. Systemic oxidative stress in asthma, COPD, and smokers. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1996;154(4 Pt 1):1055-60.
38. Barnes PJ. Scientific rationale for inhaled combination therapy with long-acting beta2-agonists and corticosteroids. Eur Respir J. 2002;19(1):182-91.
39. Christenson SA, Smith BM, Bafadhel M, et al. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Lancet. 2022;399(10342):2227-42.
40. Saetta M, Di Stefano A, Turato G, et al. CD8+ T-lymphocytes in peripheral airways of smokers with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med.
1998;157(3 Pt 1):822-6.
41. Saetta M, Turato G, Maestrelli P, et al. Cellular and structural bases of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2001;163(6):1304-9. 
42. Vachier I, Vignola AM, Chiappara G, et al. Inflammatory features of nasal mucosa in smokers with and without COPD. Thorax. 2004;59(4):303-7.
43. Gamble E, Grootendorst DC, Hattotuwa K, et al. Airway mucosal inflammation in COPD is similar in smokers and ex-smokers: a pooled analysis. Eur Respir J. 2007;30(3):467-71.
44. Hogg JC, Chu F, Utokaparch S, et al. The nature of small-airway obstruction in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. N Engl J Med. 2004;350(26):2645-53.
45. Andreeva EA, Pokhaznikova MA, Kuznetsova OYu. The prevalence of smoking among residents of two cities in the North-West region of Russia according to the RESPECT international study. Russian Journal of Preventive Medicine. 2020;23(1):92‑9 (in Russian).
46. Dzyubailo AV, Lotkov VS. Nicotine addiction and hormonal imbalance in pregnant smokers with varying degrees of COPD severity. Bulletin of Contemporary Clinical Medicine. 2023;16(2):18‑22 (in Russian). DOI:10.20969/VSKM.2023.16(2).18-22

А.В. Дзюбайло*, В.С. Лотков

ФГБОУ ВО «Самарский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России, Самара, Россия
*adzyubajlo@yandex.ru

________________________________________________

Anna V. Dzyubailo*, Vyacheslav S. Lotkov

Samara State Medical University, Samara, Russia
*adzyubajlo@yandex.ru