Комплаентность пациента с НАЖБП: что мы можем сделать для ее улучшения?

Ахмедов В.А., Ливзан М.А. Комплаентность пациента с НАЖБП: что мы можем сделать для ее улучшения? Consilium Medicum. 2025;27(5):286–294. DOI: 10.26442/20751753.2025.5.203264

© ООО «КОНСИЛИУМ МЕДИКУМ», 2025 г.

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Akhmedov VA, Livzan MA. Patient compliance with NAFLD: what can we do to improve it? A review. Consilium Medicum. 2025;27(5):286–294. DOI: 10.26442/20751753.2025.5.203264

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Аннотация

Проблема приверженности пациента рекомендациям врача остается актуальной в настоящее время. Более того, в последнее десятилетие данная проблема стала объектом научно-практических исследований не только в медицине, но и в клинической психологии. Особую роль проблема комплаентности приобретает при такой мультидисциплинарной проблеме, как неалкогольная жировая болезнь печени (НАЖБП). Стратегия ведения рассматриваемой группы пациентов требует тщательного соблюдения ими рекомендаций по назначенному медикаментозному лечению, а также диеты и регулярной физической активности. В обзорной статье приводятся данные о том, что низкая комплаентность пациентов с НАЖБП – серьезная проблема, требующая комплексного решения. Применение традиционных методов повышения комплаентности зачастую не эффективно. Для повышения приверженности лечению пациентов с НАЖБП используют инновационные, пациент-ориентированные подходы, основанные на принципах поведенческой психологии и технологиях, таких как телемедицина, комиксы для пациентов разных возрастов, онлайн-доски объявлений, психологическое тестирование, упрощение схем лечения. Применение описанных в статье технологий может оказать существенное влияние на комплаентность, изменив подход врачей к коммуникации и взаимодействию с пациентом, причем даже в рамках стандартного приема, превращая пациента в союзника на длительном пути лечения НАЖБП с четким осознанием цели, ради которой он соблюдает каждую предложенную рекомендацию.

Ключевые слова: неалкогольная жировая болезнь печени, компланентность, приверженность, диета, рекомендации, лечение

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The problem of adherence to doctor's recommendations remains relevant at the present time. Moreover, in the last decade, this problem has become the object of scientific and practical research not only in medicine, but also in clinical psychology. The problem of compliance acquires a special role in such a multidisciplinary problem as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The development of a management strategy for this group of patients requires careful patient compliance with recommendations not only for prescribed medication, but also for long-term dieting and regular physical activity. The presented review article provides evidence that the low compliance of patients with NAFLD is a serious problem that requires a comprehensive solution. Unfortunately, for the most part, the use of traditional methods to increase compliance is often ineffective. Currently, innovative, patient-oriented approaches based on the principles of behavioral psychology and modern technologies, including telemedicine, the use of comics for patients of different ages, online bulletin boards, psychological testing, and simplification of treatment regimens are used to increase compliance of patients with NAFLD to diet, exercise, and medication. The use of the technologies described in the article can significantly affect compliance by changing the approach of doctors to communication and interaction with the patient, even within the framework of a standard appointment, so that the patient becomes an ally in treatment with a clear understanding of why he follows each suggested
recommendation.

Keywords: non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, compliance, adherence, diet, recommendations, treatment

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Список литературы

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1. Aronson JK. Compliance, concordance, adherence. Brit J Clinical Pharma. 2007;63(4):383-8. DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2125.2007.02893.x
2. Danridge L, Greer B. Compliance Considerations. Lab Anim. 2022;51(9):230-3. DOI:10.1038/s41684-022-01037-5
3. Alpert JS. Compliance/Adherence to Physician-advised Diagnostic and Therapeutic Strategies. The American Journal of Medicine. 2014;127(8):685-8. DOI:10.1016/j.amjmed.2014.03.010
4. Fawcett J. Thoughts About Meanings of Compliance, Adherence, and Concordance. Nurs Sci Q. 2020;33(4):358-60. DOI:10.1177/0894318420943136
5. Wang MC, Wu CY, Chen WH, et al. Exploring the behavioural determinants of compliance in resilient high-caries-risk patients who improved caries severity. BMC Psychol. 2024;12(1):774. DOI:10.1186/s40359-024-02275-7
6. Chaurasia RC. Compliance – the root of therapy. J Indian Med Assoc. 2011;109(5):339-40, 344.
7. Johnston BJ. The role of patient experience and its influence on adherence to antidepressant treatment. J Psychosoc Nurs Ment Health Serv. 2013;51(12):29-37. DOI:10.3928/02793695-20130930-04
8. Younossi ZM, Golabi P, Paik JM, et al. The global epidemiology of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH): a systematic review. Hepatology. 2023;77(4):1335-37. DOI:10.1097/hep.0000000000000004
9. Krolevets TS, Kostoglod AV, Kostoglod TV, et al. The role of lifestyle modification in the liver fibrosis occurrence and progression in NAFLD. RMJ. 2023;5:27-31 (in Russian).
10. Krolevets TS, Syrovenko MI, Livzan MA. Lifestyle of patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: assessment of dietary habits and physical activity. Russian Journal of Evidence-based Gastroenterology = Dokazatel’naya gastroenterologiya. 2023;12(4):43-53 (in Russian).
11. Krolevets TS, Livzan MA, Syrovenko MI, Cherkashchenko NA. Pathogenic aspects of the comorbid course of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and cholelithiasis: a review and the authors’ results. Russian Medical Inquiry. 2022;6(5):278-85 (in Russian). DOI:10.32364/2587-6821-2022-6-5-278-285
12. Dolce A, Della Torre S. Sex, Nutrition, and NAFLD: Relevance of Environmental Pollution. Nutrients. 2023;15(10):2335. DOI:10.3390/nu15102335
13. Donnelly MC, Stableforth W, Krag A, Reuben A. The Negative Bidirectional Interaction Between Climate Change and the Prevalence and Care of Liver Disease: A Joint BSG, BASL, EASL, and AASLD Commentary. Gastroenterology. 2022;162(6):1561-57. DOI:10.1053/j.gastro.2022.02.020
14. Plauth M, Bernal W, Dasarathy S, et al. ESPEN guideline on clinical nutrition in liver disease. Clin Nutr. 2019;38(2):485-521. DOI:10.1016/j.clnu.2018.12.022
15. Lian CY, Zhai ZZ, Li ZF, Wang L. High fat diet-triggered non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A review of proposed mechanisms. Chem Biol Interact. 2020;330:109199. DOI:10.1016/j.cbi.2020.109199
16. Kobylińska M, Antosik K, Decyk A, Kurowska K. Malnutrition in Obesity: Is It Possible?. Obes Facts. 2021;15(1):19-25. DOI:10.1159/000519503
17. Raffensperger S, Kuczmarski MF, Hotchkiss L, et al. Effect of race and predictors of socioeconomic status on diet quality in the HANDLS Study sample. J Natl Med Assoc. 2010;102(10):923-30. DOI:10.1016/s0027-9684(15)30711-2
18. Cho J, Lee I, Park DH, et al. Relationships between Socioeconomic Status, Handgrip Strength, and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Middle-Aged Adults. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18(4):1892.
19. Gilbert PA, Khokhar S. Changing dietary habits of ethnic groups in Europe and implications for health. Nutrition Reviews. 2008;66(4):203-15. DOI:10.1111/j.1753-4887.2008.00025.x
20. Pagliai G, Dinu M, Madarena MP, et al. Consumption of ultra-processed foods and health status: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Nutr. 2021;125(3):308-18. DOI:10.1017/S0007114520002688
21. Lago-Sampedro A, Oualla-Bachiri W, García-Serrano S, et al. Protective Effect of High Adherence to Mediterranean Diet on the Risk of Incident Type-2 Diabetes in Subjects with MAFLD: The Di@bet.es Study. Nutrients. 2024;16(21):3788. DOI:10.3390/nu16213788
22. Cerezo PG, Juvé-Udina ME, Delgado-Hito P. Concepts and measures of patient empowerment: a comprehensive review. Rev Esc Enferm USP. 2016;50(4):667-74. DOI:10.1590/S0080-623420160000500018
23. Saleh ZM, Bloom PP, Grzyb K, Tapper EB. How Do Patients With Cirrhosis and Their Caregivers Learn About and Manage Their Health? A Review and Qualitative Study. Hepatol Commun. 2021;5(2):168-76. DOI:10.1002/hep4.1621
24. Goldsworthy MA, Fateen W, Thygesen H, et al. Patient understanding of liver cirrhosis and improvement using multimedia education. Frontline Gastroenterol. 2017;8(3):214-1. DOI:10.1136/flgastro-2016-100761
25. Hayward KL, Horsfall LU, Ruffin BJ, et al. Optimising care of patients with chronic disease: patient-oriented education may improve disease knowledge and self-management. Intern Med J. 2017;47(8):952-5. DOI:10.1111/imj.13505
26. Zhang YR, Wang H, Zhou N, et al. A Multidisciplinary Team Approach to the Treatment of Liver Cirrhosis. J Inflamm Res. 2021;14:5443-40. DOI:10.2147/JIR.S328334
27. Kahleova H, Petersen KF, Shulman GI, et al. Effect of a Low-Fat Vegan Diet on Body Weight, Insulin Sensitivity, Postprandial Metabolism, and Intramyocellular and Hepatocellular Lipid Levels in Overweight Adults: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(11):e2025454. DOI:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.25454
28. Monserrat-Mesquida M, Quetglas-Llabrés M, Bouzas C, et al. A Greater Improvement of Intrahepatic Fat Contents after 6 Months of Lifestyle Intervention Is Related to a Better Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Status in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Antioxidants (Basel). 2022;11(7):1266. DOI:10.3390/antiox11071266
29. Barrea L, Verde L, Savastano S, et al. Adherence to Mediterranean Diet: Any Association with NAFLD? Antioxidants (Basel). 2023;12(7):1318. DOI:10.3390/antiox12071318
30. Scragg J, Hallsworth K, Taylor G, et al. Factors associated with engagement and adherence to a low-energy diet to promote 10% weight loss in patients with clinically significant non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. BMJ Open Gastroenterol. 2021;8(1):e000678. DOI:10.1136/bmjgast-2021-000678
31. Arora C, Malhotra A, Ranjan P, et al. Perceived barriers and facilitators for adherence to lifestyle prescription: Perspective of obese patients with non alcoholic fatty liver disease from north India. Diabetes Metab Syndr. 2021;15(4):102138. DOI:10.1016/j.dsx.2021.05.011
32. Freer CL, George ES, Tan SY, et al. Acceptability and perceptions of a 12-week telehealth exercise programme with dietary advice to increase plant-based protein in people with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a programme evaluation using mixed methods. BMJ Open. 2025;15(3):e086604. DOI:10.1136/bmjopen-2024-086604
33. Hyde AM, Johnson E, Luig T, et al. Implementing a cirrhosis order set in a tertiary healthcare system: a theory-informed formative evaluation. BMC Health Serv Res. 2023;23(1):636. DOI:10.1186/s12913-023-09632-z
34. Neilson LJ, Macdougall L, Lee PS, et al. Implementation of a care bundle improves the management of patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Frontline Gastroenterol. 2021;12(7):578-85. DOI:10.1136/flgastro-2020-101480
35. Zeng MH, Shi QY, Xu L, Mi YQ. Establishment and validation of an adherence prediction system for lifestyle interventions in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. World J Gastroenterol. 2024;30(10):1393-404. DOI:10.3748/wjg.v30.i10.1393
36. Chisthi MM. Validation of adherence prediction system for lifestyle interventions in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. World J Gastroenterol. 2024;30(20):2629-62. DOI:10.3748/wjg.v30.i20.2629
37. Liu CQ, Hu B. Scale offers the possibility of identifying adherence to lifestyle interventions in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. World J Gastroenterol. 2024;30(25):3179-11. DOI:10.3748/wjg.v30.i25.3179
38. Asquith E, Bould K, Catling JC, et al. Behaviour regulation and the role of mental health in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. BMC Gastroenterol. 2023;23(1):306. DOI:10.1186/s12876-023-02941-x
39. Kwon OY, Kim SU, Ahn SH, Jang Y. Self-Management and Associated Factors among Patients with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Cross-Sectional Study. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022;20(1):667. DOI:10.3390/ijerph20010667
40. Funuyet-Salas J, Martín-Rodríguez A, Pérez-San-Gregorio MÁ, Romero-Gómez M. Influence of Psychological Biomarkers on Therapeutic Adherence by Patients with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Moderated Mediation Model. J Clin Med. 2021;10(10):2208. DOI:10.3390/jcm10102208
41. Cook NS, Nagar SH, Jain A, et al. Understanding Patient Preferences and Unmet Needs in Non-alcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH): Insights from a Qualitative Online Bulletin Board Study. Adv Ther. 2019;36(2):478-91. DOI:10.1007/s12325-018-0856-0
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Авторы

В.А. Ахмедов*, М.А. Ливзан

ФГБОУ ВО «Омский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России, Омск, Россия
*v_akhmedov@mail.ru

________________________________________________

Vadim A. Akhmedov*, Maria A. Livzan

Omsk State Medical University, Omsk, Russia
*v_akhmedov@mail.ru

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