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Нужны ли перерывы в приеме оральных контрацептивов?
Нужны ли перерывы в приеме оральных контрацептивов?
Материалы доступны только для специалистов сферы здравоохранения. Авторизуйтесь или зарегистрируйтесь.
Аннотация
Уровень применения современных методов контрацепции в России остается крайне низким. При назначении комбинированных оральных контрацептивов (КОК) главным вопросом как для пациентов, так и для врачей, является допустимый срок для непрерывного приема контрацепции. Многие женщины прекращают прием оральных контрацептивов преждевременно. В настоящее время нет никаких научно обоснованных данных, указывающих на необходимость прерывания приема КОК каждые несколько лет. При правильном назначении КОК – эффективный и безопасный метод контрацепции.
Ключевые слова: КОК, перерывы, ВТЭ, ПМС, дроспиренон, рак.
Key words: COC, interruptions, VTE, PMS, drospirenon, cancer.
Ключевые слова: КОК, перерывы, ВТЭ, ПМС, дроспиренон, рак.
________________________________________________
Key words: COC, interruptions, VTE, PMS, drospirenon, cancer.
Полный текст
Список литературы
1. Кулаков В.И., Прилепская В.Н. Практическая гинекология. М.: МЕДпресс-информ, 2002.
2. Прилепская В.Н., Назарова Н.М. Планирование семьи, 1997; 3: 61–3.
3. Серов В.Н., Прилепская В.Н., Овсянникова Т.В. Гинекологическая эндокринология. М., 2006; с. 252–84.
4. Фролова О.Г., Гусева Е.В. и др. Региональные аспекты материнской смертности в Российской Федерации (2010 г.). Методическое письмо. М., 2011.
5. Шмидт Ф.Т. и др. Планирование семьи. 1993; 2: 1–3.
6. Assurance on safety of contraceptive pill: Weighed in the balances? And found beneficial. Family Planning News 1996; 21 (2).
7. Baird DT, Glasier AF. Hormonal contraception. N Eng J Med 1993; 328: 1543–9.
8. Barnhart K et al. Return to fertility after cessation of a continuous oral contraceptive. Fertil Steril 2009; 91 (5): 1654–6.
9. Beral V et al. Ovarian cancer and oral contraceptives: collaborative reanalysis of data from 45 epidemiological studies including 23,257 women with ovarian cancer and 87,303 controls. Lancet 2008; 371 (9609): 303–14.
10. Bosetti C et al. Oral contraceptives and colorectal cancer risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Hum Reprod Update 2009; 15 (5): 489–98.
11. Burkman R, Collins J et al. Current perspectives on oral contraceptive use. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2001; 185: S4–12.
12. Burkman R et al. Safety concerns and health benefits associated with oral contraception. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2004; 190 (Suppl. 4): s5–22.
13. Cronin M et al. Rate of pregnancy after using drospirenone and other progestincontaining oral contraceptives. Obstet Gynecol 2009; 114 (3): 616–22.
14. Dinger JC et al. The safety of a drospirenonecontaining oral contraceptive: final results from the European Active Surveillance Study on oral contraceptives based on 142,475 women-years of observation. Contraception 2007; 75 (5): 344–54.
15. Dinger J et al. The risk of venous thromboembolism in OC users: time patterns after initiation of treatment. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2010; 19 (S1): S214–5.
16. Farrow A, Hull MGR et al. Prolonged use of oral contraception before a planned pregnancy is associated with a decreased risk of delayed conception. Hum Reprod 2002; 17 (10): 2754–61.
17. Fernandez E et al. Oral contraceptives and colorectal cancer risk: a meta-analysis. Br J Cancer 2001; 84 (5): 722–7.
18. Ford JH et al. Pregnancy and lifestyle study: the long-term use of the contraceptive pill and the risk of age-related miscarriage. Hum Reprod 1995; 10 (6): 1397–402.
19. Gallo MF, Lopez LM, Grimes DA et al. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2006; 1.
20. Glasier A et al. Can we improve contraceptive use? Contraseption 2006; 73 (Issue 1): 1–3.
21. Halbreich U, Borenstein J et al. The prevalence, impairment, impact, and burden of premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMS/PMDD). Psychoneuroendocrinology 2003; Suppl. 3: 1–23.
22. Hannaford PC et al. Cancer risk among users of oral contraceptives: cohort data from the Royal College of General Practitioner’s oral contraception study. BMJ 2007; 335 (7621): 651.
23. Harlap et al. Family planning from Encyclopedia of Sociology, 1991.
24. Jensen JT et al. Effective treatment of heavy menstrual bleeding with estradiol valerate and dienogest: a randomized controlled trial. Obstet Gynecol 2011; 117 (4): 777–87.
25. Kuohung W, Borgatta L, Stubblefield Ph. Low-dose oral contraceptives and bone mineral density: an evidence-based analysis. Contraception 2000; 61 (2): 77–82.
26. La Vecchia C. Drug Saf 1996; 14: 260–72.
27. Lech MM, Ostrowska L. Risk of cancer development in relation to oral contraception. Eur J Contrasept Reprod Health Care 2006; 11 (3): 162–8.
28. Lidegaard O et al. Hormonal contraception and risk of venous thromboembolism: national follow-up study. BMJ 2009; 339: b2890.
29. Ness RB et al. Hormonal and barrier contraception and risk of upper genital tract disease in the PID Evaluation and Clinical Health (PEACH) study. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2001; 185 (1): 121–7.
30. Oelkers W. Antimineralocorticoid activity of a novel oral contraceptive containing drospirenone, a unique progestogen resembling natural progesterone. Eur J Contrasept Reprod Health Care 2002; Suppl. 3: 19–26.
31. Parsey KS et al. An open-label, multicenter study to evaluate Yasmin, a low-dose combination oral contraceptive containing drospirenone, a new progestogen. Conraception 2000; 61 (2): 105–11.
32. Petitti DB et al. Contraseption. Oral contracept myocard infarct 1998; 57 (3): 143–55.
33. Pymar HC, Creinin MD. The risks of oral contraceptive pills. Semin Reprod Med 2001; 19 (4): 305–12.
34. Rohan TE, Miller AB. A cohort study of oral contraceptive use and risk of benign breast disease. Int J Cancer 1999; 82 (2): 191–6.
35. Rosenberg MJ et al. Oral contraceptive discontinuation: A prospective evaluation of frequency and reasons. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1998; 179 (Issue 3): 577–82.
36. Shulman L et al. Return to fertility after use of reversible contraception. Dialogues Contracept 2006; 10: 1–3.
37. Ursin G, Peters RK et al. Oral contraceptive use and adenocarcinoma of cervix. Lancet 1994; 344: 1390–4.
38. Vessey M et al. Oral contraceptive use and cancer. Findings in a large cohort study, 1968–2004. Br J Cancer 2006; 95 (3): 385–9.
39. Vogt C et al. Disparities in knowledge and interest about benefits and risks of combined oral contraceptives. Eur J Contracept Reprod Health Care; 16 (3): 183–93.
40. WHO Collaborative Study of Cardiovascular Disease and Steroid Hormone Contraception, Acute myocardial infarction and combined oral contraceptives: results of an international, multicentre, case-control study. Lancet 1997; 349: 1202–9.
41. Wolner-Hanssen P et al. Decreased risk of symptomatic chlamydial pelvic inflammatory disease associated with oral contraceptive use. JAMA 1990; 263 (1): 54–9.
2. Прилепская В.Н., Назарова Н.М. Планирование семьи, 1997; 3: 61–3.
3. Серов В.Н., Прилепская В.Н., Овсянникова Т.В. Гинекологическая эндокринология. М., 2006; с. 252–84.
4. Фролова О.Г., Гусева Е.В. и др. Региональные аспекты материнской смертности в Российской Федерации (2010 г.). Методическое письмо. М., 2011.
5. Шмидт Ф.Т. и др. Планирование семьи. 1993; 2: 1–3.
6. Assurance on safety of contraceptive pill: Weighed in the balances? And found beneficial. Family Planning News 1996; 21 (2).
7. Baird DT, Glasier AF. Hormonal contraception. N Eng J Med 1993; 328: 1543–9.
8. Barnhart K et al. Return to fertility after cessation of a continuous oral contraceptive. Fertil Steril 2009; 91 (5): 1654–6.
9. Beral V et al. Ovarian cancer and oral contraceptives: collaborative reanalysis of data from 45 epidemiological studies including 23,257 women with ovarian cancer and 87,303 controls. Lancet 2008; 371 (9609): 303–14.
10. Bosetti C et al. Oral contraceptives and colorectal cancer risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Hum Reprod Update 2009; 15 (5): 489–98.
11. Burkman R, Collins J et al. Current perspectives on oral contraceptive use. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2001; 185: S4–12.
12. Burkman R et al. Safety concerns and health benefits associated with oral contraception. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2004; 190 (Suppl. 4): s5–22.
13. Cronin M et al. Rate of pregnancy after using drospirenone and other progestincontaining oral contraceptives. Obstet Gynecol 2009; 114 (3): 616–22.
14. Dinger JC et al. The safety of a drospirenonecontaining oral contraceptive: final results from the European Active Surveillance Study on oral contraceptives based on 142,475 women-years of observation. Contraception 2007; 75 (5): 344–54.
15. Dinger J et al. The risk of venous thromboembolism in OC users: time patterns after initiation of treatment. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2010; 19 (S1): S214–5.
16. Farrow A, Hull MGR et al. Prolonged use of oral contraception before a planned pregnancy is associated with a decreased risk of delayed conception. Hum Reprod 2002; 17 (10): 2754–61.
17. Fernandez E et al. Oral contraceptives and colorectal cancer risk: a meta-analysis. Br J Cancer 2001; 84 (5): 722–7.
18. Ford JH et al. Pregnancy and lifestyle study: the long-term use of the contraceptive pill and the risk of age-related miscarriage. Hum Reprod 1995; 10 (6): 1397–402.
19. Gallo MF, Lopez LM, Grimes DA et al. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2006; 1.
20. Glasier A et al. Can we improve contraceptive use? Contraseption 2006; 73 (Issue 1): 1–3.
21. Halbreich U, Borenstein J et al. The prevalence, impairment, impact, and burden of premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMS/PMDD). Psychoneuroendocrinology 2003; Suppl. 3: 1–23.
22. Hannaford PC et al. Cancer risk among users of oral contraceptives: cohort data from the Royal College of General Practitioner’s oral contraception study. BMJ 2007; 335 (7621): 651.
23. Harlap et al. Family planning from Encyclopedia of Sociology, 1991.
24. Jensen JT et al. Effective treatment of heavy menstrual bleeding with estradiol valerate and dienogest: a randomized controlled trial. Obstet Gynecol 2011; 117 (4): 777–87.
25. Kuohung W, Borgatta L, Stubblefield Ph. Low-dose oral contraceptives and bone mineral density: an evidence-based analysis. Contraception 2000; 61 (2): 77–82.
26. La Vecchia C. Drug Saf 1996; 14: 260–72.
27. Lech MM, Ostrowska L. Risk of cancer development in relation to oral contraception. Eur J Contrasept Reprod Health Care 2006; 11 (3): 162–8.
28. Lidegaard O et al. Hormonal contraception and risk of venous thromboembolism: national follow-up study. BMJ 2009; 339: b2890.
29. Ness RB et al. Hormonal and barrier contraception and risk of upper genital tract disease in the PID Evaluation and Clinical Health (PEACH) study. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2001; 185 (1): 121–7.
30. Oelkers W. Antimineralocorticoid activity of a novel oral contraceptive containing drospirenone, a unique progestogen resembling natural progesterone. Eur J Contrasept Reprod Health Care 2002; Suppl. 3: 19–26.
31. Parsey KS et al. An open-label, multicenter study to evaluate Yasmin, a low-dose combination oral contraceptive containing drospirenone, a new progestogen. Conraception 2000; 61 (2): 105–11.
32. Petitti DB et al. Contraseption. Oral contracept myocard infarct 1998; 57 (3): 143–55.
33. Pymar HC, Creinin MD. The risks of oral contraceptive pills. Semin Reprod Med 2001; 19 (4): 305–12.
34. Rohan TE, Miller AB. A cohort study of oral contraceptive use and risk of benign breast disease. Int J Cancer 1999; 82 (2): 191–6.
35. Rosenberg MJ et al. Oral contraceptive discontinuation: A prospective evaluation of frequency and reasons. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1998; 179 (Issue 3): 577–82.
36. Shulman L et al. Return to fertility after use of reversible contraception. Dialogues Contracept 2006; 10: 1–3.
37. Ursin G, Peters RK et al. Oral contraceptive use and adenocarcinoma of cervix. Lancet 1994; 344: 1390–4.
38. Vessey M et al. Oral contraceptive use and cancer. Findings in a large cohort study, 1968–2004. Br J Cancer 2006; 95 (3): 385–9.
39. Vogt C et al. Disparities in knowledge and interest about benefits and risks of combined oral contraceptives. Eur J Contracept Reprod Health Care; 16 (3): 183–93.
40. WHO Collaborative Study of Cardiovascular Disease and Steroid Hormone Contraception, Acute myocardial infarction and combined oral contraceptives: results of an international, multicentre, case-control study. Lancet 1997; 349: 1202–9.
41. Wolner-Hanssen P et al. Decreased risk of symptomatic chlamydial pelvic inflammatory disease associated with oral contraceptive use. JAMA 1990; 263 (1): 54–9.
2. Прилепская В.Н., Назарова Н.М. Планирование семьи, 1997; 3: 61–3.
3. Серов В.Н., Прилепская В.Н., Овсянникова Т.В. Гинекологическая эндокринология. М., 2006; с. 252–84.
4. Фролова О.Г., Гусева Е.В. и др. Региональные аспекты материнской смертности в Российской Федерации (2010 г.). Методическое письмо. М., 2011.
5. Шмидт Ф.Т. и др. Планирование семьи. 1993; 2: 1–3.
6. Assurance on safety of contraceptive pill: Weighed in the balances? And found beneficial. Family Planning News 1996; 21 (2).
7. Baird DT, Glasier AF. Hormonal contraception. N Eng J Med 1993; 328: 1543–9.
8. Barnhart K et al. Return to fertility after cessation of a continuous oral contraceptive. Fertil Steril 2009; 91 (5): 1654–6.
9. Beral V et al. Ovarian cancer and oral contraceptives: collaborative reanalysis of data from 45 epidemiological studies including 23,257 women with ovarian cancer and 87,303 controls. Lancet 2008; 371 (9609): 303–14.
10. Bosetti C et al. Oral contraceptives and colorectal cancer risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Hum Reprod Update 2009; 15 (5): 489–98.
11. Burkman R, Collins J et al. Current perspectives on oral contraceptive use. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2001; 185: S4–12.
12. Burkman R et al. Safety concerns and health benefits associated with oral contraception. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2004; 190 (Suppl. 4): s5–22.
13. Cronin M et al. Rate of pregnancy after using drospirenone and other progestincontaining oral contraceptives. Obstet Gynecol 2009; 114 (3): 616–22.
14. Dinger JC et al. The safety of a drospirenonecontaining oral contraceptive: final results from the European Active Surveillance Study on oral contraceptives based on 142,475 women-years of observation. Contraception 2007; 75 (5): 344–54.
15. Dinger J et al. The risk of venous thromboembolism in OC users: time patterns after initiation of treatment. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2010; 19 (S1): S214–5.
16. Farrow A, Hull MGR et al. Prolonged use of oral contraception before a planned pregnancy is associated with a decreased risk of delayed conception. Hum Reprod 2002; 17 (10): 2754–61.
17. Fernandez E et al. Oral contraceptives and colorectal cancer risk: a meta-analysis. Br J Cancer 2001; 84 (5): 722–7.
18. Ford JH et al. Pregnancy and lifestyle study: the long-term use of the contraceptive pill and the risk of age-related miscarriage. Hum Reprod 1995; 10 (6): 1397–402.
19. Gallo MF, Lopez LM, Grimes DA et al. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2006; 1.
20. Glasier A et al. Can we improve contraceptive use? Contraseption 2006; 73 (Issue 1): 1–3.
21. Halbreich U, Borenstein J et al. The prevalence, impairment, impact, and burden of premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMS/PMDD). Psychoneuroendocrinology 2003; Suppl. 3: 1–23.
22. Hannaford PC et al. Cancer risk among users of oral contraceptives: cohort data from the Royal College of General Practitioner’s oral contraception study. BMJ 2007; 335 (7621): 651.
23. Harlap et al. Family planning from Encyclopedia of Sociology, 1991.
24. Jensen JT et al. Effective treatment of heavy menstrual bleeding with estradiol valerate and dienogest: a randomized controlled trial. Obstet Gynecol 2011; 117 (4): 777–87.
25. Kuohung W, Borgatta L, Stubblefield Ph. Low-dose oral contraceptives and bone mineral density: an evidence-based analysis. Contraception 2000; 61 (2): 77–82.
26. La Vecchia C. Drug Saf 1996; 14: 260–72.
27. Lech MM, Ostrowska L. Risk of cancer development in relation to oral contraception. Eur J Contrasept Reprod Health Care 2006; 11 (3): 162–8.
28. Lidegaard O et al. Hormonal contraception and risk of venous thromboembolism: national follow-up study. BMJ 2009; 339: b2890.
29. Ness RB et al. Hormonal and barrier contraception and risk of upper genital tract disease in the PID Evaluation and Clinical Health (PEACH) study. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2001; 185 (1): 121–7.
30. Oelkers W. Antimineralocorticoid activity of a novel oral contraceptive containing drospirenone, a unique progestogen resembling natural progesterone. Eur J Contrasept Reprod Health Care 2002; Suppl. 3: 19–26.
31. Parsey KS et al. An open-label, multicenter study to evaluate Yasmin, a low-dose combination oral contraceptive containing drospirenone, a new progestogen. Conraception 2000; 61 (2): 105–11.
32. Petitti DB et al. Contraseption. Oral contracept myocard infarct 1998; 57 (3): 143–55.
33. Pymar HC, Creinin MD. The risks of oral contraceptive pills. Semin Reprod Med 2001; 19 (4): 305–12.
34. Rohan TE, Miller AB. A cohort study of oral contraceptive use and risk of benign breast disease. Int J Cancer 1999; 82 (2): 191–6.
35. Rosenberg MJ et al. Oral contraceptive discontinuation: A prospective evaluation of frequency and reasons. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1998; 179 (Issue 3): 577–82.
36. Shulman L et al. Return to fertility after use of reversible contraception. Dialogues Contracept 2006; 10: 1–3.
37. Ursin G, Peters RK et al. Oral contraceptive use and adenocarcinoma of cervix. Lancet 1994; 344: 1390–4.
38. Vessey M et al. Oral contraceptive use and cancer. Findings in a large cohort study, 1968–2004. Br J Cancer 2006; 95 (3): 385–9.
39. Vogt C et al. Disparities in knowledge and interest about benefits and risks of combined oral contraceptives. Eur J Contracept Reprod Health Care; 16 (3): 183–93.
40. WHO Collaborative Study of Cardiovascular Disease and Steroid Hormone Contraception, Acute myocardial infarction and combined oral contraceptives: results of an international, multicentre, case-control study. Lancet 1997; 349: 1202–9.
41. Wolner-Hanssen P et al. Decreased risk of symptomatic chlamydial pelvic inflammatory disease associated with oral contraceptive use. JAMA 1990; 263 (1): 54–9.
________________________________________________
2. Прилепская В.Н., Назарова Н.М. Планирование семьи, 1997; 3: 61–3.
3. Серов В.Н., Прилепская В.Н., Овсянникова Т.В. Гинекологическая эндокринология. М., 2006; с. 252–84.
4. Фролова О.Г., Гусева Е.В. и др. Региональные аспекты материнской смертности в Российской Федерации (2010 г.). Методическое письмо. М., 2011.
5. Шмидт Ф.Т. и др. Планирование семьи. 1993; 2: 1–3.
6. Assurance on safety of contraceptive pill: Weighed in the balances? And found beneficial. Family Planning News 1996; 21 (2).
7. Baird DT, Glasier AF. Hormonal contraception. N Eng J Med 1993; 328: 1543–9.
8. Barnhart K et al. Return to fertility after cessation of a continuous oral contraceptive. Fertil Steril 2009; 91 (5): 1654–6.
9. Beral V et al. Ovarian cancer and oral contraceptives: collaborative reanalysis of data from 45 epidemiological studies including 23,257 women with ovarian cancer and 87,303 controls. Lancet 2008; 371 (9609): 303–14.
10. Bosetti C et al. Oral contraceptives and colorectal cancer risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Hum Reprod Update 2009; 15 (5): 489–98.
11. Burkman R, Collins J et al. Current perspectives on oral contraceptive use. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2001; 185: S4–12.
12. Burkman R et al. Safety concerns and health benefits associated with oral contraception. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2004; 190 (Suppl. 4): s5–22.
13. Cronin M et al. Rate of pregnancy after using drospirenone and other progestincontaining oral contraceptives. Obstet Gynecol 2009; 114 (3): 616–22.
14. Dinger JC et al. The safety of a drospirenonecontaining oral contraceptive: final results from the European Active Surveillance Study on oral contraceptives based on 142,475 women-years of observation. Contraception 2007; 75 (5): 344–54.
15. Dinger J et al. The risk of venous thromboembolism in OC users: time patterns after initiation of treatment. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2010; 19 (S1): S214–5.
16. Farrow A, Hull MGR et al. Prolonged use of oral contraception before a planned pregnancy is associated with a decreased risk of delayed conception. Hum Reprod 2002; 17 (10): 2754–61.
17. Fernandez E et al. Oral contraceptives and colorectal cancer risk: a meta-analysis. Br J Cancer 2001; 84 (5): 722–7.
18. Ford JH et al. Pregnancy and lifestyle study: the long-term use of the contraceptive pill and the risk of age-related miscarriage. Hum Reprod 1995; 10 (6): 1397–402.
19. Gallo MF, Lopez LM, Grimes DA et al. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2006; 1.
20. Glasier A et al. Can we improve contraceptive use? Contraseption 2006; 73 (Issue 1): 1–3.
21. Halbreich U, Borenstein J et al. The prevalence, impairment, impact, and burden of premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMS/PMDD). Psychoneuroendocrinology 2003; Suppl. 3: 1–23.
22. Hannaford PC et al. Cancer risk among users of oral contraceptives: cohort data from the Royal College of General Practitioner’s oral contraception study. BMJ 2007; 335 (7621): 651.
23. Harlap et al. Family planning from Encyclopedia of Sociology, 1991.
24. Jensen JT et al. Effective treatment of heavy menstrual bleeding with estradiol valerate and dienogest: a randomized controlled trial. Obstet Gynecol 2011; 117 (4): 777–87.
25. Kuohung W, Borgatta L, Stubblefield Ph. Low-dose oral contraceptives and bone mineral density: an evidence-based analysis. Contraception 2000; 61 (2): 77–82.
26. La Vecchia C. Drug Saf 1996; 14: 260–72.
27. Lech MM, Ostrowska L. Risk of cancer development in relation to oral contraception. Eur J Contrasept Reprod Health Care 2006; 11 (3): 162–8.
28. Lidegaard O et al. Hormonal contraception and risk of venous thromboembolism: national follow-up study. BMJ 2009; 339: b2890.
29. Ness RB et al. Hormonal and barrier contraception and risk of upper genital tract disease in the PID Evaluation and Clinical Health (PEACH) study. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2001; 185 (1): 121–7.
30. Oelkers W. Antimineralocorticoid activity of a novel oral contraceptive containing drospirenone, a unique progestogen resembling natural progesterone. Eur J Contrasept Reprod Health Care 2002; Suppl. 3: 19–26.
31. Parsey KS et al. An open-label, multicenter study to evaluate Yasmin, a low-dose combination oral contraceptive containing drospirenone, a new progestogen. Conraception 2000; 61 (2): 105–11.
32. Petitti DB et al. Contraseption. Oral contracept myocard infarct 1998; 57 (3): 143–55.
33. Pymar HC, Creinin MD. The risks of oral contraceptive pills. Semin Reprod Med 2001; 19 (4): 305–12.
34. Rohan TE, Miller AB. A cohort study of oral contraceptive use and risk of benign breast disease. Int J Cancer 1999; 82 (2): 191–6.
35. Rosenberg MJ et al. Oral contraceptive discontinuation: A prospective evaluation of frequency and reasons. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1998; 179 (Issue 3): 577–82.
36. Shulman L et al. Return to fertility after use of reversible contraception. Dialogues Contracept 2006; 10: 1–3.
37. Ursin G, Peters RK et al. Oral contraceptive use and adenocarcinoma of cervix. Lancet 1994; 344: 1390–4.
38. Vessey M et al. Oral contraceptive use and cancer. Findings in a large cohort study, 1968–2004. Br J Cancer 2006; 95 (3): 385–9.
39. Vogt C et al. Disparities in knowledge and interest about benefits and risks of combined oral contraceptives. Eur J Contracept Reprod Health Care; 16 (3): 183–93.
40. WHO Collaborative Study of Cardiovascular Disease and Steroid Hormone Contraception, Acute myocardial infarction and combined oral contraceptives: results of an international, multicentre, case-control study. Lancet 1997; 349: 1202–9.
41. Wolner-Hanssen P et al. Decreased risk of symptomatic chlamydial pelvic inflammatory disease associated with oral contraceptive use. JAMA 1990; 263 (1): 54–9.
Авторы
Л.Л.Бостанджян, В.Н.Прилепская
ФГБУ Научный центр акушерства гинекологии и перинатологии им. акад. В.И.Кулакова Минздрава РФ, Москва
ФГБУ Научный центр акушерства гинекологии и перинатологии им. акад. В.И.Кулакова Минздрава РФ, Москва
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