Материалы доступны только для специалистов сферы здравоохранения. Авторизуйтесь или зарегистрируйтесь.
Возможности применения комбинированных оральных контрацептивов у больных генитальным эндометриозом
Возможности применения комбинированных оральных контрацептивов у больных генитальным эндометриозом
Материалы доступны только для специалистов сферы здравоохранения. Авторизуйтесь или зарегистрируйтесь.
Аннотация
Эндометриоз по праву считается одной из важнейших проблем современной гинекологии. В клинической картине эндометриоза преобладают жалобы на боли, бесплодие или комбинацию этих проблем.
Главная цель лечения эндометриоза – купирование имеющегося симптома (симптомов). Традиционная тактика ведения больных эндометриозом предполагает хирургическое вмешательство. Гормональная терапия часто используется до и после операции, а также как альтернатива операции в лечении умеренно выраженной или легкой тазовой боли, ассоциированной с эндометриозом. Основой гормональной терапии является применение препаратов, способных снизить уровень эстрогенов, как одного из важных факторов персистенции эндометриоидных имплантов. Прогестины и прогестинсодержащие препараты являются одним из старейших методов лечения эндометриоза.
Наибольшее количество нареканий в адрес применения прогестинов касается недостаточного контроля цикла и частых прорывных кровотечений. Снизить частоту этих негативных явлений возможно с помощью назначения эстроген-гестагенных препаратов – комбинированных оральных контрацептивов (КОК).
Клинические исследования демонстрируют, что длительное использование КОК подавляет рост эндометриоидных имплантатов, облегчает боль и улучшает качество жизни, поэтому может рассматриваться как альтернатива хирургическому лечению и метод 1-го выбора лечения боли у женщин с эндометриозом, нуждающихся в контрацепции. Терапевтическая эффективность КОК при эндометриозе определяется гестагенным компонентом в составе препаратов, поэтому при выборе лекарственного средства следует ориентироваться на наличие в препарате прогестина, способного оказать выраженное антипролиферативное воздействие. Уникальным по структуре и действию гестагенным компонентом является диеногест (в составе КОК Силует®), обладающий свойствами группы
19-норстероидов (антипролиферативная активность) и производных прогестерона (благоприятный метаболический профиль). Сочетание этих свойств позволяет использовать препараты, содержащие диеногест, при планировании длительного лечения.
Ключевые слова: эндометриоз, тазовая боль, бесплодие, прогестины, комбинированные оральные контрацептивы, диеногест.
The main aim of endometriosis treatment is arresting of present symptom(s). Conventional therapy of patients suffered from endometriosis supposes the surgical treatment. Hormone therapy is often used in pre- and postoperative periods as well as instead of surgery at patients with moderate or mild pelvic pain, associated with endometriosis. The fundamental principle of hormone therapy is usage of drugs leading to decrease of estrogen level as one of the main factors for endometrioid implants persistence. Progestins and progestin-containing drugs are the one of the oldest treatment options for endometriosis therapy.
The most blames towards progestins usage are about incomplete control of menstrual cycle and frequent breakthrough bleedings. It is possible to lower the rate of these negative appearances by prescription of estrogen-gestagen drugs – combined oral contraceptives (COC).
The clinical trials show that long-term usage of COC depresses the growth of endometrioid implants, relieves pain and improves life quality. That is why the long-term usage of COC can be thought as alternative option instead of surgical treatment and first-choice method for pain treatment at women with endometriosis required for contraception. The therapeutic efficacy of COC for endometriosis treatment is defined by gestagen component in preparation formula, so the medication choice must be done according to the presence of progestin in preparation formula which is able to show the marked antiproliferative effect. Dienogest (in composition of Siluyet® COC) is unique by its structure and effect, because it shows the characteristics of 19-norsteroids (antiproliferative effect) as well as progesterone derivatives (favorable metabolic profile). The combination of these characteristics allows using drugs containing dienogest in case of long-term care planning.
Key words: endometriosis, pelvic pain, infertility, progestins, combined oral contraceptives, dienogest.
Главная цель лечения эндометриоза – купирование имеющегося симптома (симптомов). Традиционная тактика ведения больных эндометриозом предполагает хирургическое вмешательство. Гормональная терапия часто используется до и после операции, а также как альтернатива операции в лечении умеренно выраженной или легкой тазовой боли, ассоциированной с эндометриозом. Основой гормональной терапии является применение препаратов, способных снизить уровень эстрогенов, как одного из важных факторов персистенции эндометриоидных имплантов. Прогестины и прогестинсодержащие препараты являются одним из старейших методов лечения эндометриоза.
Наибольшее количество нареканий в адрес применения прогестинов касается недостаточного контроля цикла и частых прорывных кровотечений. Снизить частоту этих негативных явлений возможно с помощью назначения эстроген-гестагенных препаратов – комбинированных оральных контрацептивов (КОК).
Клинические исследования демонстрируют, что длительное использование КОК подавляет рост эндометриоидных имплантатов, облегчает боль и улучшает качество жизни, поэтому может рассматриваться как альтернатива хирургическому лечению и метод 1-го выбора лечения боли у женщин с эндометриозом, нуждающихся в контрацепции. Терапевтическая эффективность КОК при эндометриозе определяется гестагенным компонентом в составе препаратов, поэтому при выборе лекарственного средства следует ориентироваться на наличие в препарате прогестина, способного оказать выраженное антипролиферативное воздействие. Уникальным по структуре и действию гестагенным компонентом является диеногест (в составе КОК Силует®), обладающий свойствами группы
19-норстероидов (антипролиферативная активность) и производных прогестерона (благоприятный метаболический профиль). Сочетание этих свойств позволяет использовать препараты, содержащие диеногест, при планировании длительного лечения.
Ключевые слова: эндометриоз, тазовая боль, бесплодие, прогестины, комбинированные оральные контрацептивы, диеногест.
________________________________________________
The main aim of endometriosis treatment is arresting of present symptom(s). Conventional therapy of patients suffered from endometriosis supposes the surgical treatment. Hormone therapy is often used in pre- and postoperative periods as well as instead of surgery at patients with moderate or mild pelvic pain, associated with endometriosis. The fundamental principle of hormone therapy is usage of drugs leading to decrease of estrogen level as one of the main factors for endometrioid implants persistence. Progestins and progestin-containing drugs are the one of the oldest treatment options for endometriosis therapy.
The most blames towards progestins usage are about incomplete control of menstrual cycle and frequent breakthrough bleedings. It is possible to lower the rate of these negative appearances by prescription of estrogen-gestagen drugs – combined oral contraceptives (COC).
The clinical trials show that long-term usage of COC depresses the growth of endometrioid implants, relieves pain and improves life quality. That is why the long-term usage of COC can be thought as alternative option instead of surgical treatment and first-choice method for pain treatment at women with endometriosis required for contraception. The therapeutic efficacy of COC for endometriosis treatment is defined by gestagen component in preparation formula, so the medication choice must be done according to the presence of progestin in preparation formula which is able to show the marked antiproliferative effect. Dienogest (in composition of Siluyet® COC) is unique by its structure and effect, because it shows the characteristics of 19-norsteroids (antiproliferative effect) as well as progesterone derivatives (favorable metabolic profile). The combination of these characteristics allows using drugs containing dienogest in case of long-term care planning.
Key words: endometriosis, pelvic pain, infertility, progestins, combined oral contraceptives, dienogest.
Полный текст
Список литературы
1. Giudice LC, Kao LC. Endometriosis. Lancet 2004; 364: 1789–99.
2. Cramer DW, Missmer SA. The epidemiology of endometriosis. Ann NY Acad Sci 2002; 955: 11–22; discussion 34–6, 396–406.
3. Bulun SE. Endometriosis. N Engl J Med 2009; 360: 268–79.
4. Bishoff F, Heard M, Simpson J. Somatic DNA alterations in endometriosis: High frequency of chromosome 17 and p53 loss in late stage endometriosis. J Reprod Immunol 2002; 55: 49–64.
5. Lebovic D, Baldocchi RA, Mueller MD et al. Altered expression of a cell-cycle suppressor gene, Tob-1, in endometriotic cells by cDNA array analyses. Fertil Steril 2002; 78: 849–54.
6. Sinaii N, Cleary SD, Ballweg ML et al. High rates of autoimmune and endocrine disorders, fibromyalgia, chronic fatigue syndrome and atopic disease among women with endometriosis: a survey analysis. Hum reprod 2002; 17: 2715–22.
7. Grahame-Smith DG, Aronson JK. Oxford Textbook of Clinical Pharmacology and Drug Therapy. 3rd Edition. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002.
8. Osteen K, Bruner-Tran K, On D et al. Paracrine mediators of endometrial matrix metalloproteinase expression: Potential targets for progestin-based treatment of endometriosis. Ann NY Acad Sci 2002; 955: 139–46.
9. Адамян Л.В., Зайратьянц О.В., Осипова А.А. и др. Роль пролиферации и апоптоза в патогенезе генитального эндометриоза. Спец. выпуск. 3-й Междунар. науч. конгресс «Новые технологии в акушерстве и гинекологии» 2007; с. 123–4.
10. Meresman GF, Augé L, Barañao RI et al. Oral contraceptives suppress cell proliferation and enhance apoptosis of eutopic endometrial tissue from patients with endometriosis. Fertil Steril 2002; 77: 1141–7.
11. Van Kaam KJAF, Romano A, Schouten JP et al. Progesterone receptor polymorphism +331G/A is associated with a decreased risk of deep infiltrating endometriosis. Hum reprod 2007; 22 (1): 129–35.
12. Arruda MS, Petta CA, Abrao MS, Benetti-Pinto CL. Time elapsed from onset of symptoms to diagnosis of endometriosis in a cohort study of Brazilian women. Hum Reprod 2003; 18: 756–9.
13. Husby GK, Haugen RS, Moen MH. Diagnostic delay in women with pain and endometriosis. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2003; 82: 649–53.
14. Vicino M, Scioscia M, Resta L et al. Fibrotic tissue in the endometrioma capsule: surgical and physiopathologic consideration from histologic findings. Fertil Steril 2009; 91: 1326–8.
15. Schweppe K.-W. Long-term use of progestogens – effects on endometriosis, adenomiosis and myomas. Gynecol Endocrinol 2007; 23 (S1): 17–21.
16. Petta CA, Ferriani RA, Abrao MS et al. Randomized clinical trial of a levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system and a depot GnRG analogue for the treatment of chronic pelvic pain in women with endometriosis. Hum Reprod 2005; 20: 1993–8.
17. Wong YK, Tang CH. Levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system (LNG-IUS, Mirena) vs depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA, Depoprovera) as long-term maintenance therapy for patients with moderate and severe endometriosis: a randomized controlled trial. The 11th World Congress on controversies in obstetrics, gynecology and infertility. Paris, 2008; с. 44A.
18. Momoeda M, Harada T, Terakawa N et al. Long-term use of dienogest for the treatment of endometriosis. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2009; 35: 1069–76.
19. Prentice A, Deary AJ, Bland E. Progestagens and anti-progestagens for pain associated with endometriosis (Cochrane Review) 2003; In the Cochrane Library, Oxford, Issue 1. Oxford: Update Software.
20. Moore J, Kennedy S, Prentice A. Modern combined oral contraceptives for pain associated with endometriosis (Cochrane Review) 2003; In the Cochrane Library, Oxford, Issue 1. Oxford: Update Software.
21. Vercellini P, Pietropaolo G, Di Georgi O et al. Treatment of symptomatic rectovaginal endometriosis with an estrogen-progestogen combination versus low-dose norethindrone acetate. Fertil Steril 2005; 84: 1375–87.
22. Vercellini P, Somigliana E, Vigano P et al. Endometriosis: current and future medical therapies. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol 2008; 22: 275–306.
23. Vercellini P, De Giorgi O, Mosconi P et al. Cyproterone acetate versus a continuous monophasic oral contraceptive in the treatment of recurrent pelvic pain after conservative surgery for symptomatic endometriosis. Fertil Steril 2002; 77: 52–61.
24. Fu L, Osuga Y, Hirata T et al. Dienogest inhibits BrdU uptake with G0/G1 arrest in cultured endometriotic stromal cells. Fertil Steril 2008; 89: 1344–7.
25. Horie S, Harada T, Mitsunari M et al. Progesterone and progestational compounds attenuate tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced interleukin-8 production via nuclear factor kappa B inactivation in endometriotic stromal cells. Fertil Steril 2005; 83: 1533–35.
26. Vercellini P, Barbara G, Somigliana E et al. Comparison of contraceptive ring and patch for the treatment of symptomatic endometriosis. Fertil Steril 2009.
27. Галустян С.А., Белкина Н.В., Галустян В.С., Крутова В.А. Лечение наружного генитального эндометриоза препаратом «Жанин». Современные проблемы науки и образования. 2008 (Прил. 1); 11: 180–2.
2. Cramer DW, Missmer SA. The epidemiology of endometriosis. Ann NY Acad Sci 2002; 955: 11–22; discussion 34–6, 396–406.
3. Bulun SE. Endometriosis. N Engl J Med 2009; 360: 268–79.
4. Bishoff F, Heard M, Simpson J. Somatic DNA alterations in endometriosis: High frequency of chromosome 17 and p53 loss in late stage endometriosis. J Reprod Immunol 2002; 55: 49–64.
5. Lebovic D, Baldocchi RA, Mueller MD et al. Altered expression of a cell-cycle suppressor gene, Tob-1, in endometriotic cells by cDNA array analyses. Fertil Steril 2002; 78: 849–54.
6. Sinaii N, Cleary SD, Ballweg ML et al. High rates of autoimmune and endocrine disorders, fibromyalgia, chronic fatigue syndrome and atopic disease among women with endometriosis: a survey analysis. Hum reprod 2002; 17: 2715–22.
7. Grahame-Smith DG, Aronson JK. Oxford Textbook of Clinical Pharmacology and Drug Therapy. 3rd Edition. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002.
8. Osteen K, Bruner-Tran K, On D et al. Paracrine mediators of endometrial matrix metalloproteinase expression: Potential targets for progestin-based treatment of endometriosis. Ann NY Acad Sci 2002; 955: 139–46.
9. Адамян Л.В., Зайратьянц О.В., Осипова А.А. и др. Роль пролиферации и апоптоза в патогенезе генитального эндометриоза. Спец. выпуск. 3-й Междунар. науч. конгресс «Новые технологии в акушерстве и гинекологии» 2007; с. 123–4.
10. Meresman GF, Augé L, Barañao RI et al. Oral contraceptives suppress cell proliferation and enhance apoptosis of eutopic endometrial tissue from patients with endometriosis. Fertil Steril 2002; 77: 1141–7.
11. Van Kaam KJAF, Romano A, Schouten JP et al. Progesterone receptor polymorphism +331G/A is associated with a decreased risk of deep infiltrating endometriosis. Hum reprod 2007; 22 (1): 129–35.
12. Arruda MS, Petta CA, Abrao MS, Benetti-Pinto CL. Time elapsed from onset of symptoms to diagnosis of endometriosis in a cohort study of Brazilian women. Hum Reprod 2003; 18: 756–9.
13. Husby GK, Haugen RS, Moen MH. Diagnostic delay in women with pain and endometriosis. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2003; 82: 649–53.
14. Vicino M, Scioscia M, Resta L et al. Fibrotic tissue in the endometrioma capsule: surgical and physiopathologic consideration from histologic findings. Fertil Steril 2009; 91: 1326–8.
15. Schweppe K.-W. Long-term use of progestogens – effects on endometriosis, adenomiosis and myomas. Gynecol Endocrinol 2007; 23 (S1): 17–21.
16. Petta CA, Ferriani RA, Abrao MS et al. Randomized clinical trial of a levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system and a depot GnRG analogue for the treatment of chronic pelvic pain in women with endometriosis. Hum Reprod 2005; 20: 1993–8.
17. Wong YK, Tang CH. Levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system (LNG-IUS, Mirena) vs depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA, Depoprovera) as long-term maintenance therapy for patients with moderate and severe endometriosis: a randomized controlled trial. The 11th World Congress on controversies in obstetrics, gynecology and infertility. Paris, 2008; с. 44A.
18. Momoeda M, Harada T, Terakawa N et al. Long-term use of dienogest for the treatment of endometriosis. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2009; 35: 1069–76.
19. Prentice A, Deary AJ, Bland E. Progestagens and anti-progestagens for pain associated with endometriosis (Cochrane Review) 2003; In the Cochrane Library, Oxford, Issue 1. Oxford: Update Software.
20. Moore J, Kennedy S, Prentice A. Modern combined oral contraceptives for pain associated with endometriosis (Cochrane Review) 2003; In the Cochrane Library, Oxford, Issue 1. Oxford: Update Software.
21. Vercellini P, Pietropaolo G, Di Georgi O et al. Treatment of symptomatic rectovaginal endometriosis with an estrogen-progestogen combination versus low-dose norethindrone acetate. Fertil Steril 2005; 84: 1375–87.
22. Vercellini P, Somigliana E, Vigano P et al. Endometriosis: current and future medical therapies. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol 2008; 22: 275–306.
23. Vercellini P, De Giorgi O, Mosconi P et al. Cyproterone acetate versus a continuous monophasic oral contraceptive in the treatment of recurrent pelvic pain after conservative surgery for symptomatic endometriosis. Fertil Steril 2002; 77: 52–61.
24. Fu L, Osuga Y, Hirata T et al. Dienogest inhibits BrdU uptake with G0/G1 arrest in cultured endometriotic stromal cells. Fertil Steril 2008; 89: 1344–7.
25. Horie S, Harada T, Mitsunari M et al. Progesterone and progestational compounds attenuate tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced interleukin-8 production via nuclear factor kappa B inactivation in endometriotic stromal cells. Fertil Steril 2005; 83: 1533–35.
26. Vercellini P, Barbara G, Somigliana E et al. Comparison of contraceptive ring and patch for the treatment of symptomatic endometriosis. Fertil Steril 2009.
27. Галустян С.А., Белкина Н.В., Галустян В.С., Крутова В.А. Лечение наружного генитального эндометриоза препаратом «Жанин». Современные проблемы науки и образования. 2008 (Прил. 1); 11: 180–2.
2. Cramer DW, Missmer SA. The epidemiology of endometriosis. Ann NY Acad Sci 2002; 955: 11–22; discussion 34–6, 396–406.
3. Bulun SE. Endometriosis. N Engl J Med 2009; 360: 268–79.
4. Bishoff F, Heard M, Simpson J. Somatic DNA alterations in endometriosis: High frequency of chromosome 17 and p53 loss in late stage endometriosis. J Reprod Immunol 2002; 55: 49–64.
5. Lebovic D, Baldocchi RA, Mueller MD et al. Altered expression of a cell-cycle suppressor gene, Tob-1, in endometriotic cells by cDNA array analyses. Fertil Steril 2002; 78: 849–54.
6. Sinaii N, Cleary SD, Ballweg ML et al. High rates of autoimmune and endocrine disorders, fibromyalgia, chronic fatigue syndrome and atopic disease among women with endometriosis: a survey analysis. Hum reprod 2002; 17: 2715–22.
7. Grahame-Smith DG, Aronson JK. Oxford Textbook of Clinical Pharmacology and Drug Therapy. 3rd Edition. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002.
8. Osteen K, Bruner-Tran K, On D et al. Paracrine mediators of endometrial matrix metalloproteinase expression: Potential targets for progestin-based treatment of endometriosis. Ann NY Acad Sci 2002; 955: 139–46.
9. Адамян Л.В., Зайратьянц О.В., Осипова А.А. и др. Роль пролиферации и апоптоза в патогенезе генитального эндометриоза. Спец. выпуск. 3-й Междунар. науч. конгресс «Новые технологии в акушерстве и гинекологии» 2007; с. 123–4.
10. Meresman GF, Augé L, Barañao RI et al. Oral contraceptives suppress cell proliferation and enhance apoptosis of eutopic endometrial tissue from patients with endometriosis. Fertil Steril 2002; 77: 1141–7.
11. Van Kaam KJAF, Romano A, Schouten JP et al. Progesterone receptor polymorphism +331G/A is associated with a decreased risk of deep infiltrating endometriosis. Hum reprod 2007; 22 (1): 129–35.
12. Arruda MS, Petta CA, Abrao MS, Benetti-Pinto CL. Time elapsed from onset of symptoms to diagnosis of endometriosis in a cohort study of Brazilian women. Hum Reprod 2003; 18: 756–9.
13. Husby GK, Haugen RS, Moen MH. Diagnostic delay in women with pain and endometriosis. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2003; 82: 649–53.
14. Vicino M, Scioscia M, Resta L et al. Fibrotic tissue in the endometrioma capsule: surgical and physiopathologic consideration from histologic findings. Fertil Steril 2009; 91: 1326–8.
15. Schweppe K.-W. Long-term use of progestogens – effects on endometriosis, adenomiosis and myomas. Gynecol Endocrinol 2007; 23 (S1): 17–21.
16. Petta CA, Ferriani RA, Abrao MS et al. Randomized clinical trial of a levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system and a depot GnRG analogue for the treatment of chronic pelvic pain in women with endometriosis. Hum Reprod 2005; 20: 1993–8.
17. Wong YK, Tang CH. Levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system (LNG-IUS, Mirena) vs depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA, Depoprovera) as long-term maintenance therapy for patients with moderate and severe endometriosis: a randomized controlled trial. The 11th World Congress on controversies in obstetrics, gynecology and infertility. Paris, 2008; с. 44A.
18. Momoeda M, Harada T, Terakawa N et al. Long-term use of dienogest for the treatment of endometriosis. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2009; 35: 1069–76.
19. Prentice A, Deary AJ, Bland E. Progestagens and anti-progestagens for pain associated with endometriosis (Cochrane Review) 2003; In the Cochrane Library, Oxford, Issue 1. Oxford: Update Software.
20. Moore J, Kennedy S, Prentice A. Modern combined oral contraceptives for pain associated with endometriosis (Cochrane Review) 2003; In the Cochrane Library, Oxford, Issue 1. Oxford: Update Software.
21. Vercellini P, Pietropaolo G, Di Georgi O et al. Treatment of symptomatic rectovaginal endometriosis with an estrogen-progestogen combination versus low-dose norethindrone acetate. Fertil Steril 2005; 84: 1375–87.
22. Vercellini P, Somigliana E, Vigano P et al. Endometriosis: current and future medical therapies. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol 2008; 22: 275–306.
23. Vercellini P, De Giorgi O, Mosconi P et al. Cyproterone acetate versus a continuous monophasic oral contraceptive in the treatment of recurrent pelvic pain after conservative surgery for symptomatic endometriosis. Fertil Steril 2002; 77: 52–61.
24. Fu L, Osuga Y, Hirata T et al. Dienogest inhibits BrdU uptake with G0/G1 arrest in cultured endometriotic stromal cells. Fertil Steril 2008; 89: 1344–7.
25. Horie S, Harada T, Mitsunari M et al. Progesterone and progestational compounds attenuate tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced interleukin-8 production via nuclear factor kappa B inactivation in endometriotic stromal cells. Fertil Steril 2005; 83: 1533–35.
26. Vercellini P, Barbara G, Somigliana E et al. Comparison of contraceptive ring and patch for the treatment of symptomatic endometriosis. Fertil Steril 2009.
27. Галустян С.А., Белкина Н.В., Галустян В.С., Крутова В.А. Лечение наружного генитального эндометриоза препаратом «Жанин». Современные проблемы науки и образования. 2008 (Прил. 1); 11: 180–2.
________________________________________________
2. Cramer DW, Missmer SA. The epidemiology of endometriosis. Ann NY Acad Sci 2002; 955: 11–22; discussion 34–6, 396–406.
3. Bulun SE. Endometriosis. N Engl J Med 2009; 360: 268–79.
4. Bishoff F, Heard M, Simpson J. Somatic DNA alterations in endometriosis: High frequency of chromosome 17 and p53 loss in late stage endometriosis. J Reprod Immunol 2002; 55: 49–64.
5. Lebovic D, Baldocchi RA, Mueller MD et al. Altered expression of a cell-cycle suppressor gene, Tob-1, in endometriotic cells by cDNA array analyses. Fertil Steril 2002; 78: 849–54.
6. Sinaii N, Cleary SD, Ballweg ML et al. High rates of autoimmune and endocrine disorders, fibromyalgia, chronic fatigue syndrome and atopic disease among women with endometriosis: a survey analysis. Hum reprod 2002; 17: 2715–22.
7. Grahame-Smith DG, Aronson JK. Oxford Textbook of Clinical Pharmacology and Drug Therapy. 3rd Edition. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002.
8. Osteen K, Bruner-Tran K, On D et al. Paracrine mediators of endometrial matrix metalloproteinase expression: Potential targets for progestin-based treatment of endometriosis. Ann NY Acad Sci 2002; 955: 139–46.
9. Адамян Л.В., Зайратьянц О.В., Осипова А.А. и др. Роль пролиферации и апоптоза в патогенезе генитального эндометриоза. Спец. выпуск. 3-й Междунар. науч. конгресс «Новые технологии в акушерстве и гинекологии» 2007; с. 123–4.
10. Meresman GF, Augé L, Barañao RI et al. Oral contraceptives suppress cell proliferation and enhance apoptosis of eutopic endometrial tissue from patients with endometriosis. Fertil Steril 2002; 77: 1141–7.
11. Van Kaam KJAF, Romano A, Schouten JP et al. Progesterone receptor polymorphism +331G/A is associated with a decreased risk of deep infiltrating endometriosis. Hum reprod 2007; 22 (1): 129–35.
12. Arruda MS, Petta CA, Abrao MS, Benetti-Pinto CL. Time elapsed from onset of symptoms to diagnosis of endometriosis in a cohort study of Brazilian women. Hum Reprod 2003; 18: 756–9.
13. Husby GK, Haugen RS, Moen MH. Diagnostic delay in women with pain and endometriosis. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2003; 82: 649–53.
14. Vicino M, Scioscia M, Resta L et al. Fibrotic tissue in the endometrioma capsule: surgical and physiopathologic consideration from histologic findings. Fertil Steril 2009; 91: 1326–8.
15. Schweppe K.-W. Long-term use of progestogens – effects on endometriosis, adenomiosis and myomas. Gynecol Endocrinol 2007; 23 (S1): 17–21.
16. Petta CA, Ferriani RA, Abrao MS et al. Randomized clinical trial of a levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system and a depot GnRG analogue for the treatment of chronic pelvic pain in women with endometriosis. Hum Reprod 2005; 20: 1993–8.
17. Wong YK, Tang CH. Levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system (LNG-IUS, Mirena) vs depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA, Depoprovera) as long-term maintenance therapy for patients with moderate and severe endometriosis: a randomized controlled trial. The 11th World Congress on controversies in obstetrics, gynecology and infertility. Paris, 2008; с. 44A.
18. Momoeda M, Harada T, Terakawa N et al. Long-term use of dienogest for the treatment of endometriosis. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2009; 35: 1069–76.
19. Prentice A, Deary AJ, Bland E. Progestagens and anti-progestagens for pain associated with endometriosis (Cochrane Review) 2003; In the Cochrane Library, Oxford, Issue 1. Oxford: Update Software.
20. Moore J, Kennedy S, Prentice A. Modern combined oral contraceptives for pain associated with endometriosis (Cochrane Review) 2003; In the Cochrane Library, Oxford, Issue 1. Oxford: Update Software.
21. Vercellini P, Pietropaolo G, Di Georgi O et al. Treatment of symptomatic rectovaginal endometriosis with an estrogen-progestogen combination versus low-dose norethindrone acetate. Fertil Steril 2005; 84: 1375–87.
22. Vercellini P, Somigliana E, Vigano P et al. Endometriosis: current and future medical therapies. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol 2008; 22: 275–306.
23. Vercellini P, De Giorgi O, Mosconi P et al. Cyproterone acetate versus a continuous monophasic oral contraceptive in the treatment of recurrent pelvic pain after conservative surgery for symptomatic endometriosis. Fertil Steril 2002; 77: 52–61.
24. Fu L, Osuga Y, Hirata T et al. Dienogest inhibits BrdU uptake with G0/G1 arrest in cultured endometriotic stromal cells. Fertil Steril 2008; 89: 1344–7.
25. Horie S, Harada T, Mitsunari M et al. Progesterone and progestational compounds attenuate tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced interleukin-8 production via nuclear factor kappa B inactivation in endometriotic stromal cells. Fertil Steril 2005; 83: 1533–35.
26. Vercellini P, Barbara G, Somigliana E et al. Comparison of contraceptive ring and patch for the treatment of symptomatic endometriosis. Fertil Steril 2009.
27. Галустян С.А., Белкина Н.В., Галустян В.С., Крутова В.А. Лечение наружного генитального эндометриоза препаратом «Жанин». Современные проблемы науки и образования. 2008 (Прил. 1); 11: 180–2.
Авторы
И.В.Кузнецова, Е.А.Ховрина, А.С.Кирпиков
ГБОУ ДПО Российская медицинская академия последипломного образования Минздрава РФ, Москва
ГБОУ ДПО Российская медицинская академия последипломного образования Минздрава РФ, Москва
________________________________________________
Цель портала OmniDoctor – предоставление профессиональной информации врачам, провизорам и фармацевтам.