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Сексуальность женщин, принимающих оральные контрацептивы
Сексуальность женщин, принимающих оральные контрацептивы
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Аннотация
Женское сексуальное здоровье является залогом профилактики гинекологических заболеваний и определяющим компонентом качества жизни. В гармонии сексуальных отношений важное место занимает выбор метода контрацепции, обеспечивающей отсутствие боязни незапланированной беременности, высокую степень свободы при половых отношениях и формирование интимного комфорта.
Ключевые слова: оральные контрацептивы, хлормадинона ацетат, Белара, сексуальность, сексуальное здоровье, либидо, качество жизни.
Key words: oral contraceptives, chlormadinone acetate, Belara, sexuality, sexual health, libido, quality of life.
Ключевые слова: оральные контрацептивы, хлормадинона ацетат, Белара, сексуальность, сексуальное здоровье, либидо, качество жизни.
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Key words: oral contraceptives, chlormadinone acetate, Belara, sexuality, sexual health, libido, quality of life.
Полный текст
Список литературы
1. Abraham S, Luscombe G et al. Oral contraception and cyclic changesin premenstrual andmenstrual experiences. J Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol 2003; 24 (3): 185–93.
2. Azamar-Arizmendi CG et al. A five-day gradual reduction regimen of chlormadinone reduces premenstrual anxiety and depression: a pilotstudy. Arch Med Res 2006; 37 (7): 907–13.
3. Azar-Ramos R. Incidence of side effects with contraceptive placebo. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1969; 105: 1144–9.
4. Bancroft J, Davidson D, Warner P, Tyrer G. Androgens and sexual behaviour in women using oral contraceptives. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 1980; 12: 327–40.
5. Borsini F, Mancinelli A, D’Arkano V et al. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 1988; 29 (9): 275–9.
6. Buster JE. Managing female sexual dysfunction. Filters activated: Review. Clear all Fertil Steril 2013; 100 (4): 905–15; doi: 10.1016/j.fertnstert. 2013.08.026
7. Caruso S, Agnello C, Intelisano G et al. Sexual behavior of women taking low-dose oral contraceptive containing 15 microg ethinyl estradiol/60 microg gestodene. Contraception 2004; 69: 237–40.
8. Contreras C, Azamar-Arizmendi G et al. A five-day gradual reduction regimen of chlormadinone reduces premenstrual anxiety and depression: a pilotstudy. Arch Med Res 2006; 37 (7): 907–13.
9. Cour F, Bonierbale M. Sexual desire disorders in women. Prog Urol 2013; 23 (9): 562–74; doi: 10.1016/j.purol.2012.09.019. Epub 2012.
10. Dennerstein L, Spencer-Gardner C et al. Progesterone and the premenstrual syndrome: a double blind crossover trial. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed) 1985; 290 (6482): 1617–21.
11. Dougherty D, Bjork J et al. The influence of menstrual-cycle phase on the relationship between testosterone and aggression. Physiol Behav 1997;
62 (2): 431–5.
12. Emrich HM, Zervessen DV, Kissling W et al. Arch Psych Nervenkr 1980; 229: 1–16.
13. Epperson C, Wisner K et al. Gonadalsteroidsin the treatment of mood disorders. Psychosom Med 1999; 61 (5): 676–97.
14. Genazzani A, Stomati M et al. Progesterone, progestagens and the central nervoussystem. Hum Reprod 2000; 15 (Suppl. 1): 14–27.
15. Graham C, Sherwin B. The relationship between mood and sexuality in women using an oral contraceptive as a treatment for premenstrualsymptoms. Psychoneuroendocrinology 1993; 18: 273–81.
16. Hancke K, Zahradnik HP. Die therapie des prämenstruellen syndroms. Gyn Praxis 2007; 31: 55–65.
17. Heinemann LA, Thiel C, Assmann A, Möhner S. Frequency and reasons for switching/stopping use of oral contraceptives. Results of the German Cohort Study on Women Health Zentralbl Gynakol 2001; 123 (10): 568–77.
18. Honma S, Iwamura S, Iizuka K et al. Identification and anti-androgenic activity of the metabolites of 17alpha-acetoxy-6-chloropregna-4,6-diene-3,20-dione (chlormadinone acetate) in the rat, rabbit, dog and man. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 1977; 25: 2019–31.
19. Jung-Hoffmann C, Kuhl H. Divergent effects oftwo low-dose oral contraceptives on sex hormone-binding globulin and free testosterone. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1987; 156: 199–203.
20. Lloyd KG, Zibkovic B, Skatton B et al. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psych 1989; 13 (3–4): 341–51.
21. Majewska M. Steroids and brain activity. Essential dialogue between body and mind. Biochem Pharmacol 1987; 36 (22): 3781–8.
22. McEwen B, Alves S. Estrogen actionsin the central nervoussystem. Endocr Rev 1999; 20 (3): 279–307.
23. Mok W, Krieger N. Evidence that 5 alpha-pregnan-3 alpha-ol-20-one isthemetabolite responsible for progesterone anesthesia. Brain Res 1990; 533 (1): 42–5.
24. Nappi RE, Domoney C. Pharmacogenomics and sexuality: a vision. Climacteric 2013; 16 (Suppl. 1): 25–30; doi: 10.3109/13697137.2013. 806402. Epub 2013.
25. Nyunt A, Stephen G, Gibbin J et al. Androgen status in healthy premenopausal women with loss of libido. J Sex Marital Ther 2005; 31: 73–80.
26. Olsen R, Tobin A. Molecular biology of GABAA receptors. Faseb J 1990;
4 (5): 1469–80.
27. Paige K. Effects of oral contraceptives on affective fluctuations associated with the menstrual cycle. Psychosom Med 1971; 33 (6): 515–37.
28. Pariser S. Women and mood disorders. Menarche to menopause. Ann Clin Psychiatry 1993; 5 (4): 249–54.
29. Perrouin-Verbe B, Courtois F, Charvier K, Giuliano F. Sexuality of women with neurologic disorders. Prog Urol 2013; 23 (9): 594–600; doi: 10.1016/j.purol.2013.01.004. Epub 2013.
30. Pluchino N, Cubeddu A, Giannini A et al. Progestogens and brain: An update. Maturitas 2009; 62 (4): 349–55.
31. Pluchino N, Genazzani A. Selective effect of chlormadinone acetate on brain allopregnanolone and opioids content. Contraception 2009.
32. Rapkin A. A review of treatment of premenstrual syndrome and premenstrual dysphoric disorder. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2003; 28 (Suppl. 3): 39–53.
33. Rapkin A, Morgan M et al. Progesterone metabolite allopregnanolone in women with premenstrual syndrome. Obstet Gynecol 1997; 90 (5): 709–14.
34. Raudrant D, Rabe T. Progestogens with antiandrogenic properties. Drugs 2003; 63: 463–92.
35. Sanders SA, Graham CA, Bass JL, Bancroft J. A prospective study of the effects of oral contraceptives on sexuality and wellbeing and their relationship to discontinuation. Contraception 2001; 64 (1): 51–8.
36. Schramm G, Steffens D. A 12-month evaluation ofthe CMA-containing oral contraceptive Belara: efficacy, tolerability and anti-androgenic properties. Contraception 2003; 67 (4): 305–12.
37. Schramm G, Steffens D. Contraceptive efficacy and tolerability of chlormadinone acetate 2mg/ethinyl estradiol 0.03mg (Belara®). Results of a post-marketing surveillance study. Clin Drug Invest 2002; 22: 221–31.
38. Shiah IS, Yatham LN, Gau YC, Baker GB. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psych 1998; 27: 419–23.
39. Smith S. Female sex steroid hormones: from receptors to networks to performance – actions on the sensorimotor system. Prog Neurobiol 1994; 44 (1): 55–86.
40. Smith SS. Withdrawal properties of a neuroactive steroid: implications for GABA(A) receptor gene regulation inthe brain and anxiety behavior. Steroids 2002; 67 (6): 519–28.
41. Sutker P, Libet J et al. Alcohol use, negative mood states, and menstrual cycle phases. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 1983; 7 (3): 327–31.
42. Walker A, Bancroft J. Relationship between premenstrual symptoms and oral contraceptive use: a controlled study. Psychosom Med 1990; 52 (1): 86–96.
43. Winkler UH, Sudik R. The effects of two monophasic oral contraceptives containing 30 mcg of ethinyl estradiol and either 2 mg of chlormadinone acetate or 0,15mg of desogestrel on lipid, hormone andmetabolic parameters. Contraception 2009; 79: 15–23.
44. Zahradnik H, Goldberg J, Andreas J. Efficacy and safety ofthe newantiandrogenic oral contraceptive Belara. Contraception 1998; 57 (2): 103–9.
45. Zahradnik HP, Hanjalic-Beck A. Efficacy, safety and sustainability of treatment continuation and results of an oral contraceptive containing 30 mg ethinyl estradiol and 2 mg chlormadinone acetate, in long-term usage (up to 45 cycles) – an open-label, prospective, non-controlled, office-based Phase III study. Contraception 2008; 77 (5): 337–43.
46. Zahradnik HP, Wetzka B et al. Zyklusabhängige Befindlichkeitsstörungen der Frau. Gynäkologe 2000; 33: 225–38.
47. Zinder O, Dar D. Neuroactive steroids: their mechanism of action and their function in the stress response. Acta Physiol Scand 1999; 167 (3): 181–8.
2. Azamar-Arizmendi CG et al. A five-day gradual reduction regimen of chlormadinone reduces premenstrual anxiety and depression: a pilotstudy. Arch Med Res 2006; 37 (7): 907–13.
3. Azar-Ramos R. Incidence of side effects with contraceptive placebo. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1969; 105: 1144–9.
4. Bancroft J, Davidson D, Warner P, Tyrer G. Androgens and sexual behaviour in women using oral contraceptives. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 1980; 12: 327–40.
5. Borsini F, Mancinelli A, D’Arkano V et al. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 1988; 29 (9): 275–9.
6. Buster JE. Managing female sexual dysfunction. Filters activated: Review. Clear all Fertil Steril 2013; 100 (4): 905–15; doi: 10.1016/j.fertnstert. 2013.08.026
7. Caruso S, Agnello C, Intelisano G et al. Sexual behavior of women taking low-dose oral contraceptive containing 15 microg ethinyl estradiol/60 microg gestodene. Contraception 2004; 69: 237–40.
8. Contreras C, Azamar-Arizmendi G et al. A five-day gradual reduction regimen of chlormadinone reduces premenstrual anxiety and depression: a pilotstudy. Arch Med Res 2006; 37 (7): 907–13.
9. Cour F, Bonierbale M. Sexual desire disorders in women. Prog Urol 2013; 23 (9): 562–74; doi: 10.1016/j.purol.2012.09.019. Epub 2012.
10. Dennerstein L, Spencer-Gardner C et al. Progesterone and the premenstrual syndrome: a double blind crossover trial. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed) 1985; 290 (6482): 1617–21.
11. Dougherty D, Bjork J et al. The influence of menstrual-cycle phase on the relationship between testosterone and aggression. Physiol Behav 1997;
62 (2): 431–5.
12. Emrich HM, Zervessen DV, Kissling W et al. Arch Psych Nervenkr 1980; 229: 1–16.
13. Epperson C, Wisner K et al. Gonadalsteroidsin the treatment of mood disorders. Psychosom Med 1999; 61 (5): 676–97.
14. Genazzani A, Stomati M et al. Progesterone, progestagens and the central nervoussystem. Hum Reprod 2000; 15 (Suppl. 1): 14–27.
15. Graham C, Sherwin B. The relationship between mood and sexuality in women using an oral contraceptive as a treatment for premenstrualsymptoms. Psychoneuroendocrinology 1993; 18: 273–81.
16. Hancke K, Zahradnik HP. Die therapie des prämenstruellen syndroms. Gyn Praxis 2007; 31: 55–65.
17. Heinemann LA, Thiel C, Assmann A, Möhner S. Frequency and reasons for switching/stopping use of oral contraceptives. Results of the German Cohort Study on Women Health Zentralbl Gynakol 2001; 123 (10): 568–77.
18. Honma S, Iwamura S, Iizuka K et al. Identification and anti-androgenic activity of the metabolites of 17alpha-acetoxy-6-chloropregna-4,6-diene-3,20-dione (chlormadinone acetate) in the rat, rabbit, dog and man. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 1977; 25: 2019–31.
19. Jung-Hoffmann C, Kuhl H. Divergent effects oftwo low-dose oral contraceptives on sex hormone-binding globulin and free testosterone. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1987; 156: 199–203.
20. Lloyd KG, Zibkovic B, Skatton B et al. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psych 1989; 13 (3–4): 341–51.
21. Majewska M. Steroids and brain activity. Essential dialogue between body and mind. Biochem Pharmacol 1987; 36 (22): 3781–8.
22. McEwen B, Alves S. Estrogen actionsin the central nervoussystem. Endocr Rev 1999; 20 (3): 279–307.
23. Mok W, Krieger N. Evidence that 5 alpha-pregnan-3 alpha-ol-20-one isthemetabolite responsible for progesterone anesthesia. Brain Res 1990; 533 (1): 42–5.
24. Nappi RE, Domoney C. Pharmacogenomics and sexuality: a vision. Climacteric 2013; 16 (Suppl. 1): 25–30; doi: 10.3109/13697137.2013. 806402. Epub 2013.
25. Nyunt A, Stephen G, Gibbin J et al. Androgen status in healthy premenopausal women with loss of libido. J Sex Marital Ther 2005; 31: 73–80.
26. Olsen R, Tobin A. Molecular biology of GABAA receptors. Faseb J 1990;
4 (5): 1469–80.
27. Paige K. Effects of oral contraceptives on affective fluctuations associated with the menstrual cycle. Psychosom Med 1971; 33 (6): 515–37.
28. Pariser S. Women and mood disorders. Menarche to menopause. Ann Clin Psychiatry 1993; 5 (4): 249–54.
29. Perrouin-Verbe B, Courtois F, Charvier K, Giuliano F. Sexuality of women with neurologic disorders. Prog Urol 2013; 23 (9): 594–600; doi: 10.1016/j.purol.2013.01.004. Epub 2013.
30. Pluchino N, Cubeddu A, Giannini A et al. Progestogens and brain: An update. Maturitas 2009; 62 (4): 349–55.
31. Pluchino N, Genazzani A. Selective effect of chlormadinone acetate on brain allopregnanolone and opioids content. Contraception 2009.
32. Rapkin A. A review of treatment of premenstrual syndrome and premenstrual dysphoric disorder. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2003; 28 (Suppl. 3): 39–53.
33. Rapkin A, Morgan M et al. Progesterone metabolite allopregnanolone in women with premenstrual syndrome. Obstet Gynecol 1997; 90 (5): 709–14.
34. Raudrant D, Rabe T. Progestogens with antiandrogenic properties. Drugs 2003; 63: 463–92.
35. Sanders SA, Graham CA, Bass JL, Bancroft J. A prospective study of the effects of oral contraceptives on sexuality and wellbeing and their relationship to discontinuation. Contraception 2001; 64 (1): 51–8.
36. Schramm G, Steffens D. A 12-month evaluation ofthe CMA-containing oral contraceptive Belara: efficacy, tolerability and anti-androgenic properties. Contraception 2003; 67 (4): 305–12.
37. Schramm G, Steffens D. Contraceptive efficacy and tolerability of chlormadinone acetate 2mg/ethinyl estradiol 0.03mg (Belara®). Results of a post-marketing surveillance study. Clin Drug Invest 2002; 22: 221–31.
38. Shiah IS, Yatham LN, Gau YC, Baker GB. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psych 1998; 27: 419–23.
39. Smith S. Female sex steroid hormones: from receptors to networks to performance – actions on the sensorimotor system. Prog Neurobiol 1994; 44 (1): 55–86.
40. Smith SS. Withdrawal properties of a neuroactive steroid: implications for GABA(A) receptor gene regulation inthe brain and anxiety behavior. Steroids 2002; 67 (6): 519–28.
41. Sutker P, Libet J et al. Alcohol use, negative mood states, and menstrual cycle phases. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 1983; 7 (3): 327–31.
42. Walker A, Bancroft J. Relationship between premenstrual symptoms and oral contraceptive use: a controlled study. Psychosom Med 1990; 52 (1): 86–96.
43. Winkler UH, Sudik R. The effects of two monophasic oral contraceptives containing 30 mcg of ethinyl estradiol and either 2 mg of chlormadinone acetate or 0,15mg of desogestrel on lipid, hormone andmetabolic parameters. Contraception 2009; 79: 15–23.
44. Zahradnik H, Goldberg J, Andreas J. Efficacy and safety ofthe newantiandrogenic oral contraceptive Belara. Contraception 1998; 57 (2): 103–9.
45. Zahradnik HP, Hanjalic-Beck A. Efficacy, safety and sustainability of treatment continuation and results of an oral contraceptive containing 30 mg ethinyl estradiol and 2 mg chlormadinone acetate, in long-term usage (up to 45 cycles) – an open-label, prospective, non-controlled, office-based Phase III study. Contraception 2008; 77 (5): 337–43.
46. Zahradnik HP, Wetzka B et al. Zyklusabhängige Befindlichkeitsstörungen der Frau. Gynäkologe 2000; 33: 225–38.
47. Zinder O, Dar D. Neuroactive steroids: their mechanism of action and their function in the stress response. Acta Physiol Scand 1999; 167 (3): 181–8.
2. Azamar-Arizmendi CG et al. A five-day gradual reduction regimen of chlormadinone reduces premenstrual anxiety and depression: a pilotstudy. Arch Med Res 2006; 37 (7): 907–13.
3. Azar-Ramos R. Incidence of side effects with contraceptive placebo. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1969; 105: 1144–9.
4. Bancroft J, Davidson D, Warner P, Tyrer G. Androgens and sexual behaviour in women using oral contraceptives. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 1980; 12: 327–40.
5. Borsini F, Mancinelli A, D’Arkano V et al. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 1988; 29 (9): 275–9.
6. Buster JE. Managing female sexual dysfunction. Filters activated: Review. Clear all Fertil Steril 2013; 100 (4): 905–15; doi: 10.1016/j.fertnstert. 2013.08.026
7. Caruso S, Agnello C, Intelisano G et al. Sexual behavior of women taking low-dose oral contraceptive containing 15 microg ethinyl estradiol/60 microg gestodene. Contraception 2004; 69: 237–40.
8. Contreras C, Azamar-Arizmendi G et al. A five-day gradual reduction regimen of chlormadinone reduces premenstrual anxiety and depression: a pilotstudy. Arch Med Res 2006; 37 (7): 907–13.
9. Cour F, Bonierbale M. Sexual desire disorders in women. Prog Urol 2013; 23 (9): 562–74; doi: 10.1016/j.purol.2012.09.019. Epub 2012.
10. Dennerstein L, Spencer-Gardner C et al. Progesterone and the premenstrual syndrome: a double blind crossover trial. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed) 1985; 290 (6482): 1617–21.
11. Dougherty D, Bjork J et al. The influence of menstrual-cycle phase on the relationship between testosterone and aggression. Physiol Behav 1997;
62 (2): 431–5.
12. Emrich HM, Zervessen DV, Kissling W et al. Arch Psych Nervenkr 1980; 229: 1–16.
13. Epperson C, Wisner K et al. Gonadalsteroidsin the treatment of mood disorders. Psychosom Med 1999; 61 (5): 676–97.
14. Genazzani A, Stomati M et al. Progesterone, progestagens and the central nervoussystem. Hum Reprod 2000; 15 (Suppl. 1): 14–27.
15. Graham C, Sherwin B. The relationship between mood and sexuality in women using an oral contraceptive as a treatment for premenstrualsymptoms. Psychoneuroendocrinology 1993; 18: 273–81.
16. Hancke K, Zahradnik HP. Die therapie des prämenstruellen syndroms. Gyn Praxis 2007; 31: 55–65.
17. Heinemann LA, Thiel C, Assmann A, Möhner S. Frequency and reasons for switching/stopping use of oral contraceptives. Results of the German Cohort Study on Women Health Zentralbl Gynakol 2001; 123 (10): 568–77.
18. Honma S, Iwamura S, Iizuka K et al. Identification and anti-androgenic activity of the metabolites of 17alpha-acetoxy-6-chloropregna-4,6-diene-3,20-dione (chlormadinone acetate) in the rat, rabbit, dog and man. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 1977; 25: 2019–31.
19. Jung-Hoffmann C, Kuhl H. Divergent effects oftwo low-dose oral contraceptives on sex hormone-binding globulin and free testosterone. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1987; 156: 199–203.
20. Lloyd KG, Zibkovic B, Skatton B et al. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psych 1989; 13 (3–4): 341–51.
21. Majewska M. Steroids and brain activity. Essential dialogue between body and mind. Biochem Pharmacol 1987; 36 (22): 3781–8.
22. McEwen B, Alves S. Estrogen actionsin the central nervoussystem. Endocr Rev 1999; 20 (3): 279–307.
23. Mok W, Krieger N. Evidence that 5 alpha-pregnan-3 alpha-ol-20-one isthemetabolite responsible for progesterone anesthesia. Brain Res 1990; 533 (1): 42–5.
24. Nappi RE, Domoney C. Pharmacogenomics and sexuality: a vision. Climacteric 2013; 16 (Suppl. 1): 25–30; doi: 10.3109/13697137.2013. 806402. Epub 2013.
25. Nyunt A, Stephen G, Gibbin J et al. Androgen status in healthy premenopausal women with loss of libido. J Sex Marital Ther 2005; 31: 73–80.
26. Olsen R, Tobin A. Molecular biology of GABAA receptors. Faseb J 1990;
4 (5): 1469–80.
27. Paige K. Effects of oral contraceptives on affective fluctuations associated with the menstrual cycle. Psychosom Med 1971; 33 (6): 515–37.
28. Pariser S. Women and mood disorders. Menarche to menopause. Ann Clin Psychiatry 1993; 5 (4): 249–54.
29. Perrouin-Verbe B, Courtois F, Charvier K, Giuliano F. Sexuality of women with neurologic disorders. Prog Urol 2013; 23 (9): 594–600; doi: 10.1016/j.purol.2013.01.004. Epub 2013.
30. Pluchino N, Cubeddu A, Giannini A et al. Progestogens and brain: An update. Maturitas 2009; 62 (4): 349–55.
31. Pluchino N, Genazzani A. Selective effect of chlormadinone acetate on brain allopregnanolone and opioids content. Contraception 2009.
32. Rapkin A. A review of treatment of premenstrual syndrome and premenstrual dysphoric disorder. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2003; 28 (Suppl. 3): 39–53.
33. Rapkin A, Morgan M et al. Progesterone metabolite allopregnanolone in women with premenstrual syndrome. Obstet Gynecol 1997; 90 (5): 709–14.
34. Raudrant D, Rabe T. Progestogens with antiandrogenic properties. Drugs 2003; 63: 463–92.
35. Sanders SA, Graham CA, Bass JL, Bancroft J. A prospective study of the effects of oral contraceptives on sexuality and wellbeing and their relationship to discontinuation. Contraception 2001; 64 (1): 51–8.
36. Schramm G, Steffens D. A 12-month evaluation ofthe CMA-containing oral contraceptive Belara: efficacy, tolerability and anti-androgenic properties. Contraception 2003; 67 (4): 305–12.
37. Schramm G, Steffens D. Contraceptive efficacy and tolerability of chlormadinone acetate 2mg/ethinyl estradiol 0.03mg (Belara®). Results of a post-marketing surveillance study. Clin Drug Invest 2002; 22: 221–31.
38. Shiah IS, Yatham LN, Gau YC, Baker GB. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psych 1998; 27: 419–23.
39. Smith S. Female sex steroid hormones: from receptors to networks to performance – actions on the sensorimotor system. Prog Neurobiol 1994; 44 (1): 55–86.
40. Smith SS. Withdrawal properties of a neuroactive steroid: implications for GABA(A) receptor gene regulation inthe brain and anxiety behavior. Steroids 2002; 67 (6): 519–28.
41. Sutker P, Libet J et al. Alcohol use, negative mood states, and menstrual cycle phases. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 1983; 7 (3): 327–31.
42. Walker A, Bancroft J. Relationship between premenstrual symptoms and oral contraceptive use: a controlled study. Psychosom Med 1990; 52 (1): 86–96.
43. Winkler UH, Sudik R. The effects of two monophasic oral contraceptives containing 30 mcg of ethinyl estradiol and either 2 mg of chlormadinone acetate or 0,15mg of desogestrel on lipid, hormone andmetabolic parameters. Contraception 2009; 79: 15–23.
44. Zahradnik H, Goldberg J, Andreas J. Efficacy and safety ofthe newantiandrogenic oral contraceptive Belara. Contraception 1998; 57 (2): 103–9.
45. Zahradnik HP, Hanjalic-Beck A. Efficacy, safety and sustainability of treatment continuation and results of an oral contraceptive containing 30 mg ethinyl estradiol and 2 mg chlormadinone acetate, in long-term usage (up to 45 cycles) – an open-label, prospective, non-controlled, office-based Phase III study. Contraception 2008; 77 (5): 337–43.
46. Zahradnik HP, Wetzka B et al. Zyklusabhängige Befindlichkeitsstörungen der Frau. Gynäkologe 2000; 33: 225–38.
47. Zinder O, Dar D. Neuroactive steroids: their mechanism of action and their function in the stress response. Acta Physiol Scand 1999; 167 (3): 181–8.
________________________________________________
2. Azamar-Arizmendi CG et al. A five-day gradual reduction regimen of chlormadinone reduces premenstrual anxiety and depression: a pilotstudy. Arch Med Res 2006; 37 (7): 907–13.
3. Azar-Ramos R. Incidence of side effects with contraceptive placebo. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1969; 105: 1144–9.
4. Bancroft J, Davidson D, Warner P, Tyrer G. Androgens and sexual behaviour in women using oral contraceptives. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 1980; 12: 327–40.
5. Borsini F, Mancinelli A, D’Arkano V et al. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 1988; 29 (9): 275–9.
6. Buster JE. Managing female sexual dysfunction. Filters activated: Review. Clear all Fertil Steril 2013; 100 (4): 905–15; doi: 10.1016/j.fertnstert. 2013.08.026
7. Caruso S, Agnello C, Intelisano G et al. Sexual behavior of women taking low-dose oral contraceptive containing 15 microg ethinyl estradiol/60 microg gestodene. Contraception 2004; 69: 237–40.
8. Contreras C, Azamar-Arizmendi G et al. A five-day gradual reduction regimen of chlormadinone reduces premenstrual anxiety and depression: a pilotstudy. Arch Med Res 2006; 37 (7): 907–13.
9. Cour F, Bonierbale M. Sexual desire disorders in women. Prog Urol 2013; 23 (9): 562–74; doi: 10.1016/j.purol.2012.09.019. Epub 2012.
10. Dennerstein L, Spencer-Gardner C et al. Progesterone and the premenstrual syndrome: a double blind crossover trial. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed) 1985; 290 (6482): 1617–21.
11. Dougherty D, Bjork J et al. The influence of menstrual-cycle phase on the relationship between testosterone and aggression. Physiol Behav 1997;
62 (2): 431–5.
12. Emrich HM, Zervessen DV, Kissling W et al. Arch Psych Nervenkr 1980; 229: 1–16.
13. Epperson C, Wisner K et al. Gonadalsteroidsin the treatment of mood disorders. Psychosom Med 1999; 61 (5): 676–97.
14. Genazzani A, Stomati M et al. Progesterone, progestagens and the central nervoussystem. Hum Reprod 2000; 15 (Suppl. 1): 14–27.
15. Graham C, Sherwin B. The relationship between mood and sexuality in women using an oral contraceptive as a treatment for premenstrualsymptoms. Psychoneuroendocrinology 1993; 18: 273–81.
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Авторы
А.Л.Унанян1, С.Э.Аракелов2, 3, Л.С.Полонская2, В.Д.Морозова1, Д.В.Бабурин1, Ю.М.Коссович1
1. ГБОУ ВПО Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М.Сеченова Минздрава России;
2. ГБУЗ ГКБ №53, Москва; 3ФГБОУ ВПО Российский университет дружбы народов, Москва
1. ГБОУ ВПО Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М.Сеченова Минздрава России;
2. ГБУЗ ГКБ №53, Москва; 3ФГБОУ ВПО Российский университет дружбы народов, Москва
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