В статье представлены современные взгляды на множественные патогенетические механизмы развития диспареунии у женщин в пре- и постменопаузальном периоде с позиции биопсихосоциального подхода. Отмечена важность исследования психического и сексуального статуса пациенток. Обсуждены современные подходы к терапии вульвовагинальной атрофии, лежащей в основе диспареунии. Для смешанных форм диспареунии представлен мультидисциплинарный, патогенетический ориентированный терапевтический подход, гибко сочетающий медикаментозную терапию, психофармакотерапию, психотерапию и сексологическое консультирование. Ключевые слова: диспареуния, урогенитальные расстройства, вульвовагинальная атрофия, психосоматика, постменопауза, эстриол.
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The article presents current views on the multiple pathogenetic mechanisms of development of dyspareunia in women in pre- and postmenopausal women with positions of biopsychosocial approach. The importance of the study of mental and sexual status of patients. We discussed current approaches to the treatment of vulvovaginal atrophy underlying dyspareunia. The mixed forms of dyspareunia are represented by a multi-disciplinary, pathogenetic-oriented therapeutic approach, which combines flexibility medication, psychopharmacotherapy, sexological psychotherapy and counseling. Key words: dyspareunia, urogenital disorders, vulvovaginal atrophy, psychosomatics, postmenopause, estriol.
1. Розанов В.А. Стресс и психическое здоровье (нейробиологические аспекты). Социальная и клиническая психиатрия. 2013;
1: 79–86. / Rozanov V.A. Stress i psikhicheskoe zdorov'e (neirobiologicheskie aspekty). Sotsial'naia i klinicheskaia psikhiatriia. 2013;
1: 79–86. [in Russian]
2. Jamieson DJ, Steege JF. The prevalence of dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia, pelvic pain, and irritable bowel syndrome in primary care practices. Obstet-Gynecol 1996; 87 (1): 55–8.
3. Basson R. The recurrent pain and sexual sequelae of provoked vestibulodynia: A perpetuating cycle. J Sex Med 2012; 9: 2077–92.
4. Sinha A, Ewies AA. Non-hormonaltopical treatment of vulvovaginal atrophy: an up-to-date overview. Climacteric 2013; 16 (3): 305–12.
5. Nappi RE, Kokot-Kierapa M. Women’s voice in the menopause: result froman international survey on vaginal atrophy. Maturitas 2010; 7 (3): 233–8.
6. Palacios S. Managing urogenital atrophy. Maturitas 2009; 63 (4): 305–12.
7. Simon JA, Kokot-Kierapa M, Goldshtein JI, Nappi RE. Vaginal health in the Unated States: results from the Vaginal Health: Insights, Views & Attitudes survey. Menopause 2013; 20 (10): 1043–8.
8. Комплексный подход к лечению вульводинии. Акушерство и гинекология. 2014; 8: 112–6. / Kompleksnyi podkhod k lecheniiu vul'vodinii. Akusherstvo i ginekologiia. 2014; 8: 112–6. [in Russian]
9. Междисциплинарный подход к терапии диспареунии. Журн. акушерства и женских болезней. 2006; LV (4): 101–4. / Mezhdistsiplinarnyi podkhod k terapii dispareunii. Zhurn. akusherstva i zhenskikh boleznei. 2006; LV (4): 101–4. [in Russian]
10. Castelo-Branco C, Cancelo MJ, Villero J et al. Management of post-menopausal vaginal atrophy and atrophic vaginitis. Maturitas 2005; 52 (Suppl. 1): S46–52.
11. Gardella B, Porru D, Nappi RE et a. Interstitial cystitis is associated with vulvodynia and sexual dysfunction. A case control study. J Sex Med 2011; 8: 1726–34.
12. Pessina MA, Hoyt RF, Goldshtein JI, Traish AM. Differential effects of estradiol, progesterone and testosterone on vaginal structural integrity. Endocrinology 2006; 147: 691–9.
13. Федорова А.И. Эндокринологические аспекты сексуального здоровья женщин Журн. акушерства и женских болезней. 2013; LX (5): 73–84. / Fedorova A.I. Endokrinologicheskie aspekty seksual'nogo zdorov'ia zhenshchin Zhurn. akusherstva i zhenskikh boleznei. 2013; LX (5): 73–84. [in Russian]
14. Bancroft J. The endocrinology of sexual arousal. J Endocrinol 2005; 186: 411–22.
15. Федорова А.И., Новиков Е.И. Диспареуния: междисциплинарный подход к диагностике. Журн. акушерства и женских болезней. 2007; LVI (2): 48–54. / Fedorova A.I., Novikov E.I. Dispareuniia: mezhdistsiplinarnyi podkhod k diagnostike. Zhurn. akusherstva i zhenskikh boleznei. 2007; LVI (2): 48–54. [in Russian]
16. McEwan BS, Kalia M. The role of corticosteroids and stress in chronic pain conditions. Metabolism 2010; 59: S9–15.
17. Ehrström S, Kornfeld D, Rylander E, Bohm-Starke N. Chronic stress in women with localized provoked vulvodynia. J Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol 2009; 30: 73–9.
18. Harlow BL, Stewart EG. Prevalence and predictors of chronic lower genital tract discomfort. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2001; 185: 545–50.
19. Глазунова А.В., Юренева С.В. Распространенность вульвовагинальной атрофии и ее влияние на качество жизни женщин. Вопросы терминологии и безопасности локальной гормональной терапии. Акушерство и гинекология. 2014; 11: 29–43. / Glazunova A.V., Iureneva S.V. Rasprostranennost' vul'vovaginal'noi atrofii i ee vliianie na kachestvo zhizni zhenshchin. Voprosy terminologii i bezopasnosti lokal'noi gormonal'noi terapii. Akusherstvo i ginekologiia. 2014; 11: 29–43. [in Russian]
20. Labrie F, Archer DF, Bouchard C et al. Intravaginal dehydroepiandrosterone (prasterone), a highly efficient treatment of dyspareunia. Climacteric 2011; 14: 282–8.
21. Bachmann GA, Komi JO. The Ospemifene Study Group. Ospemifene effectively treats vulvovaginal atrophy in postmenopausal women: results from a pivotal phase 3 study. Menopause 2010; 17 (3): 480–6.
22. Kagan R, Williams RS, Pan K et al. H. A randomized, placebo- and active-controlled trial of bazedoxifene/conjugated estrogens for treatment of moderate to severe vulvar/vaginal atrophy in postmenopausal women. Menopause 2010; 17 (2): 281–9.
23. Somboonporn W, Bell RJ, Devis SR. Testosterone for peri and post menopausal women. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2010; Iss 4: Art.No. CD004509 [PMID: 16235365].
24. Brotto L. Mindfulness applications to women's sexual dysfunction: Applications for low desire, sexual distress, and provoked vestibulodynia. J Sex Med 2011; 8 (Suppl. 3): 94.
25. Терапия психогенных диспареуний. Рос. психиатр. журн. 2007; (5): 60–4. / Terapiia psikhogennykh dispareunii. Ros. psikhiatr. zhurn. 2007; (5): 60–4. [in Russian]
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1. Rozanov V.A. Stress i psikhicheskoe zdorov'e (neirobiologicheskie aspekty). Sotsial'naia i klinicheskaia psikhiatriia. 2013; 1: 79–86. [in Russian]
2. Jamieson DJ, Steege JF. The prevalence of dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia, pelvic pain, and irritable bowel syndrome in primary care practices. Obstet-Gynecol 1996; 87 (1): 55–8.
3. Basson R. The recurrent pain and sexual sequelae of provoked vestibulodynia: A perpetuating cycle. J Sex Med 2012; 9: 2077–92.
4. Sinha A, Ewies AA. Non-hormonaltopical treatment of vulvovaginal atrophy: an up-to-date overview. Climacteric 2013; 16 (3): 305–12.
5. Nappi RE, Kokot-Kierapa M. Women’s voice in the menopause: result froman international survey on vaginal atrophy. Maturitas 2010; 7 (3): 233–8.
6. Palacios S. Managing urogenital atrophy. Maturitas 2009; 63 (4): 305–12.
7. Simon JA, Kokot-Kierapa M, Goldshtein JI, Nappi RE. Vaginal health in the Unated States: results from the Vaginal Health: Insights, Views & Attitudes survey. Menopause 2013; 20 (10): 1043–8.
8. Kompleksnyi podkhod k lecheniiu vul'vodinii. Akusherstvo i ginekologiia. 2014; 8: 112–6. [in Russian]
9. Mezhdistsiplinarnyi podkhod k terapii dispareunii. Zhurn. akusherstva i zhenskikh boleznei. 2006; LV (4): 101–4. [in Russian]
10. Castelo-Branco C, Cancelo MJ, Villero J et al. Management of post-menopausal vaginal atrophy and atrophic vaginitis. Maturitas 2005; 52 (Suppl. 1): S46–52.
11. Gardella B, Porru D, Nappi RE et a. Interstitial cystitis is associated with vulvodynia and sexual dysfunction. A case control study. J Sex Med 2011; 8: 1726–34.
12. Pessina MA, Hoyt RF, Goldshtein JI, Traish AM. Differential effects of estradiol, progesterone and testosterone on vaginal structural integrity. Endocrinology 2006; 147: 691–9.
13. Fedorova A.I. Endokrinologicheskie aspekty seksual'nogo zdorov'ia zhenshchin Zhurn. akusherstva i zhenskikh boleznei. 2013; LX (5): 73–84. [in Russian]
14. Bancroft J. The endocrinology of sexual arousal. J Endocrinol 2005; 186: 411–22.
15. Fedorova A.I., Novikov E.I. Dispareuniia: mezhdistsiplinarnyi podkhod k diagnostike. Zhurn. akusherstva i zhenskikh boleznei. 2007; LVI (2): 48–54. [in Russian]
16. McEwan BS, Kalia M. The role of corticosteroids and stress in chronic pain conditions. Metabolism 2010; 59: S9–15.
17. Ehrström S, Kornfeld D, Rylander E, Bohm-Starke N. Chronic stress in women with localized provoked vulvodynia. J Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol 2009; 30: 73–9.
18. Harlow BL, Stewart EG. Prevalence and predictors of chronic lower genital tract discomfort. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2001; 185: 545–50.
19. Glazunova A.V., Iureneva S.V. Rasprostranennost' vul'vovaginal'noi atrofii i ee vliianie na kachestvo zhizni zhenshchin. Voprosy terminologii i bezopasnosti lokal'noi gormonal'noi terapii. Akusherstvo i ginekologiia. 2014; 11: 29–43. [in Russian]
20. Labrie F, Archer DF, Bouchard C et al. Intravaginal dehydroepiandrosterone (prasterone), a highly efficient treatment of dyspareunia. Climacteric 2011; 14: 282–8.
21. Bachmann GA, Komi JO. The Ospemifene Study Group. Ospemifene effectively treats vulvovaginal atrophy in postmenopausal women: results from a pivotal phase 3 study. Menopause 2010; 17 (3): 480–6.
22. Kagan R, Williams RS, Pan K et al. H. A randomized, placebo- and active-controlled trial of bazedoxifene/conjugated estrogens for treatment of moderate to severe vulvar/vaginal atrophy in postmenopausal women. Menopause 2010; 17 (2): 281–9.
23. Somboonporn W, Bell RJ, Devis SR. Testosterone for peri and post menopausal women. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2010; Iss 4: Art.No. CD004509 [PMID: 16235365].
24. Brotto L. Mindfulness applications to women's sexual dysfunction: Applications for low desire, sexual distress, and provoked vestibulodynia. J Sex Med 2011; 8 (Suppl. 3): 94.
25. Terapiia psikhogennykh dispareunii. Ros. psikhiatr. zhurn. 2007; (5): 60–4. [in Russian]
Авторы
А.И.Федорова*
ГБОУ ВПО Северо-Западный государственный медицинский университет им. И.И.Мечникова Минздрава России. 191015, Россия, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Кирочная, д. 41
*feanna@inbox.ru
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A.I.Fedorova*
I.I.Mechnikov State Northwestern Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. 191015, Russian Federation,
Saint Petersburg, ul. Kirochnaia, d. 41
*feanna@inbox.ru