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Бесплодие у женщин старшего репродуктивного возраста: причины, тактика ведения, перспективы использования преимплантационного генетического скрининга (обзор литературы)
Бесплодие у женщин старшего репродуктивного возраста: причины, тактика ведения, перспективы использования преимплантационного генетического скрининга (обзор литературы)
Сыркашева А.Г., Ильина Е.О., Долгушина Н.В. Бесплодие у женщин старшего репродуктивного возраста: причины, тактика ведения, перспективы использования преимплантационного генетического скрининга (обзор литературы). Гинекология. 2016; 18 (3): 40–43.
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Аннотация
В настоящее время проблема восстановления фертильности у женщин старшего репродуктивного возраста находится в эпицентре внимания врачей во всем мире. Процент женщин старшего репродуктивного возраста с бесплодием неуклонно увеличивается, при этом эффективность преодоления бесплодия, даже с применением методов вспомогательной репродукции, остается низкой. Бесплодие, связанное с возрастом, обусловлено различным спектром причин. Женщины старшего репродуктивного возраста имеют более высокую соматическую и гинекологическую заболеваемость, более высокий риск наличия хромосомных аномалий ооцитов (а значит, и эмбрионов), тенденцию к снижению овариального резерва. В данном обзоре литературы рассмотрены основные причины снижения фертильности у женщины старшего репродуктивного возраста, влияние возраста на качество ооцитов и исходы программ вспомогательных репродуктивных технологий, а также современные возможности преимплантационного генетического скрининга в повышении эффективности лечения бесплодия у данной группы пациенток.
Ключевые слова: экстракорпоральное оплодотворение, преимплантационный генетический скрининг, бесплодие, старший репродуктивный возраст, качество ооцитов.
Key words: in vitro fertilization, preimplantation genetic screening, infertility, advanced maternal age, oocyte quality.
Ключевые слова: экстракорпоральное оплодотворение, преимплантационный генетический скрининг, бесплодие, старший репродуктивный возраст, качество ооцитов.
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Key words: in vitro fertilization, preimplantation genetic screening, infertility, advanced maternal age, oocyte quality.
Полный текст
Список литературы
1. Zegers-Hochschild F, Adamson GD, de Mouzon J et al. International Committee for Monitoring Assisted Reproductive Technology (ICMART) and the World Health Organization (WHO) revised glossary of ART terminology, 2009. Fertil Sterild 2009; 92 (5): 1520–4.
2. Liu K, Case A. Advanced reproductive age and fertility. J Obs Gynaecol Can 2011; 33 (11): 1165–75.
3. Denson V. Diagnosis and Management of Infertility. J Nurse Pract 2006; 2 (6): 380–6.
4. Мишиева Н.Г. Бесплодие у женщин позднего репродуктивного возраста: принципы диагностики и лечения в зависимости от овариального резерва. Дис. … д-ра мед. наук. М., 2008. / Mishieva N.G. Besplodie u zhenshchin pozdnego reproduktivnogo vozrasta: printsipy diagnostiki i lecheniia v zavisimosti ot ovarial'nogo rezerva. Dis. … d-ra med. nauk. M., 2008. [in Russian]
5. Боярский К.Ю., Гайдуков С.Н., Чкуасели А.С. Факторы, определяющие овариальный резерв женщины. Журн. акуш. и женских болезней. 2009; 58 (2): 65–71. / Boiarskii K.Iu., Gaidukov S.N., Chkuaseli A.S. Faktory, opredeliaiushchie ovarial'nyi rezerv zhenshchiny. Zhurn. akush. i zhenskikh boleznei. 2009; 58 (2): 65–71. [in Russian]
6. Gougeon A, Ecochard R, Thalabard JC. Age-related changes of the population of human ovarian follicles: increase in the disappearance rate of non-growing and early-growing follicles in aging women. Biol Reprod 1994; 50 (3): 653–63.
7. Hansen KR, Knowlton NS, Thyer AC et al. A new model of reproductive aging: The decline in ovarian non-growing follicle number from birth to menopause. Hum Reprod 2008; 23 (3): 699–708.
8. Johnson NP, Bagrie EM, Coomarasamy A et al. Ovarian reserve tests for predicting fertility outcomes for assisted reproductive technology: The International Systematic Collaboration of Ovarian Reserve Evaluation protocol for a systematic review of ovarian reserve test accuracy. BJOG An Int J Obstet Gynaecol 2006; 113 (12): 1472–80.
9. Velde ER, Pearson PL. The variability of female reproductive aging. Hum Reprod Update 2002; 8 (2): 141–54.
10. Klein N, Battaglia D, Fujimoto V et al. Reproductive aging: accelerated ovarian follicular development associated with a monotropic follicle-stimulating hormone rise in normal older women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1996; 81: 1038–45.
11. Broekmans FJ, Soules MR, Fauser BC. Ovarian aging: Mechanisms and clinical consequences. Endocr Rev 2009; 30 (5): 465–93.
12. Laven JSE. Genetics of Early and Normal Menopause. Semin Reprod Med 2015; 33 (6): 377–83.
13. Pelosi E, Forabosco A, Schlessinger D. Genetics of the ovarian reserve. Front Genet 2015; 6: 1–20.
14. Nesbitt-Hawes EM, Ledger W. Endometriosis and infertility. Reprod Surg Assist Concept 2015; 29–35.
15. Shebl O, Ebner T, Sommergruber M et al. Anti muellerian hormone serum levels in women with endometriosis: a case-control study. Gynecol Endocrinol 2009; 25 (11): 713–6.
16. Корсак В.С., Парусов В.Н., Кирсанов А.А., Исакова Э.В. Влияние резекции яичников на их функциональный резерв. Пробл. репрод. 1996; 2 (4): 63–7. / Korsak V.S., Parusov V.N., Kirsanov A.A., Isakova E.V. Vliianie rezektsii iaichnikov na ikh funktsional'nyi rezerv. Probl. reprod. 1996; 2 (4): 63–7. [in Russian]
17. Nargund G, Cheng WC, Parsons J. The impact of ovarian cystectomy on ovarian response to stimulation during in-vitro fertilization cycles. Hum Reprod 1996; 11 (1): 81–3.
18. Shulman A, Marom H, Oelsner G et al. The effect of adnexal surgery on the ovarian response to stimulation in in vitro fertilization. Eur J Obs Gynecol Reprod Bio 2002; 103 (2): 158–62.
19. Белялова Н.С., Белялов Ф.И. Факторы риска и профилактика рака. Клин. мед. 2005; 11 (1): 17–21. / Belialova N.S., Belialov F.I. Faktory riska i profilaktika raka. Klin. med. 2005; 11 (1): 17–21. [in Russian]
20. Lushbaugh C, Carasett C. The effects of gonadal irradiation in clinical radiation therapy: a review. Cancer 1976; 37: 1111–20.
21. Bokemeyer C, Schmoll H, van Rhee J et al. Long-term gonadal toxicity after therapy for Hodgkin’s and non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Ann Hemat 1994; 68 (3): 105–10.
22. Sharara FI, Beatse SN, Leonardi MR et al. Cigarette smoking accelerates the development of diminished ovarian reserve as evidenced by the clomiphene citrate challenge test. Fertil Steril 1994; 62 (2): 257–62.
23. Bukulmez O, Arici A. Assessment of ovarian reserve. Curr Opin Obs Gynecol 2004; 16 (3): 231–7.
24. Hardarson T, Hanson C, Lundin K et al. Preimplantation genetic screening in women of advanced maternal age caused a decrease in clinical pregnancy rate: a randomized controlled trial. Hum Reprod 2008; 23 (12): 2806–12.
25. Magli MC, Montag M, Kster M et al. Polar body array CGH for prediction of the status of the corresponding oocyte. Part II: Technical aspects. Hum Reprod 2011; 26: 3181–5.
26 Gianaroli L, Magli MC, Ferraretti AP et al. The role of preimplantation diagnosis for aneuploidies. Reprod BioMed Online 2002; 4 (3): 31–6.
27. Pellestor F, Andréo B, Arnal F et al. Maternal aging and chromosomal abnormalities: new data drawn from in vitro unfertilized human oocytes. Hum Genet 2003; 112 (2): 195–203.
28. Qi S-T, Liang L-F, Xian Y-X et al. Arrested human embryos are more likely to have abnormal chromosomes than developing embryos from women of advanced maternal age. J Ovarian Res 2014; 7 (1): 65.
29. Barbash-Hazan S, Frumkin T, Malcov M et al. Preimplantation aneuploid embryos undergo self-correction in correlation with their developmental potential. Fertil Steril 2009; 92 (3): 890–6. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2008.07.1761
30. Mersereau JE, Plunkett BA, Cedars MI. Preimplantation genetic screening in older women: a cost-effectiveness analysis. Fertil Steril 2008; 90 (3): 592–8.
31. Lee H, Mcculloh DH, Hodes-wertz B et al. In vitro fertilization with preimplantation genetic screening improves implantation and live birth in women age 40 through 43. 2015; 435–44.
2. Liu K, Case A. Advanced reproductive age and fertility. J Obs Gynaecol Can 2011; 33 (11): 1165–75.
3. Denson V. Diagnosis and Management of Infertility. J Nurse Pract 2006; 2 (6): 380–6.
4. Mishieva N.G. Besplodie u zhenshchin pozdnego reproduktivnogo vozrasta: printsipy diagnostiki i lecheniia v zavisimosti ot ovarial'nogo rezerva. Dis. … d-ra med. nauk. M., 2008. [in Russian]
5. Boiarskii K.Iu., Gaidukov S.N., Chkuaseli A.S. Faktory, opredeliaiushchie ovarial'nyi rezerv zhenshchiny. Zhurn. akush. i zhenskikh boleznei. 2009; 58 (2): 65–71. [in Russian]
6. Gougeon A, Ecochard R, Thalabard JC. Age-related changes of the population of human ovarian follicles: increase in the disappearance rate of non-growing and early-growing follicles in aging women. Biol Reprod 1994; 50 (3): 653–63.
7. Hansen KR, Knowlton NS, Thyer AC et al. A new model of reproductive aging: The decline in ovarian non-growing follicle number from birth to menopause. Hum Reprod 2008; 23 (3): 699–708.
8. Johnson NP, Bagrie EM, Coomarasamy A et al. Ovarian reserve tests for predicting fertility outcomes for assisted reproductive technology: The International Systematic Collaboration of Ovarian Reserve Evaluation protocol for a systematic review of ovarian reserve test accuracy. BJOG An Int J Obstet Gynaecol 2006; 113 (12): 1472–80.
9. Velde ER, Pearson PL. The variability of female reproductive aging. Hum Reprod Update 2002; 8 (2): 141–54.
10. Klein N, Battaglia D, Fujimoto V et al. Reproductive aging: accelerated ovarian follicular development associated with a monotropic follicle-stimulating hormone rise in normal older women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1996; 81: 1038–45.
11. Broekmans FJ, Soules MR, Fauser BC. Ovarian aging: Mechanisms and clinical consequences. Endocr Rev 2009; 30 (5): 465–93.
12. Laven JSE. Genetics of Early and Normal Menopause. Semin Reprod Med 2015; 33 (6): 377–83.
13. Pelosi E, Forabosco A, Schlessinger D. Genetics of the ovarian reserve. Front Genet 2015; 6: 1–20.
14. Nesbitt-Hawes EM, Ledger W. Endometriosis and infertility. Reprod Surg Assist Concept 2015; 29–35.
15. Shebl O, Ebner T, Sommergruber M et al. Anti muellerian hormone serum levels in women with endometriosis: a case-control study. Gynecol Endocrinol 2009; 25 (11): 713–6.
16. Korsak V.S., Parusov V.N., Kirsanov A.A., Isakova E.V. Vliianie rezektsii iaichnikov na ikh funktsional'nyi rezerv. Probl. reprod. 1996; 2 (4): 63–7. [in Russian]
17. Nargund G, Cheng WC, Parsons J. The impact of ovarian cystectomy on ovarian response to stimulation during in-vitro fertilization cycles. Hum Reprod 1996; 11 (1): 81–3.
18. Shulman A, Marom H, Oelsner G et al. The effect of adnexal surgery on the ovarian response to stimulation in in vitro fertilization. Eur J Obs Gynecol Reprod Bio 2002; 103 (2): 158–62.
19. Belialova N.S., Belialov F.I. Faktory riska i profilaktika raka. Klin. med. 2005; 11 (1): 17–21. [in Russian]
20. Lushbaugh C, Carasett C. The effects of gonadal irradiation in clinical radiation therapy: a review. Cancer 1976; 37: 1111–20.
21. Bokemeyer C, Schmoll H, van Rhee J et al. Long-term gonadal toxicity after therapy for Hodgkin’s and non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Ann Hemat 1994; 68 (3): 105–10.
22. Sharara FI, Beatse SN, Leonardi MR et al. Cigarette smoking accelerates the development of diminished ovarian reserve as evidenced by the clomiphene citrate challenge test. Fertil Steril 1994; 62 (2): 257–62.
23. Bukulmez O, Arici A. Assessment of ovarian reserve. Curr Opin Obs Gynecol 2004; 16 (3): 231–7.
24. Hardarson T, Hanson C, Lundin K et al. Preimplantation genetic screening in women of advanced maternal age caused a decrease in clinical pregnancy rate: a randomized controlled trial. Hum Reprod 2008; 23 (12): 2806–12.
25. Magli MC, Montag M, Kster M et al. Polar body array CGH for prediction of the status of the corresponding oocyte. Part II: Technical aspects. Hum Reprod 2011; 26: 3181–5.
26 Gianaroli L, Magli MC, Ferraretti AP et al. The role of preimplantation diagnosis for aneuploidies. Reprod BioMed Online 2002; 4 (3): 31–6.
27. Pellestor F, Andréo B, Arnal F et al. Maternal aging and chromosomal abnormalities: new data drawn from in vitro unfertilized human oocytes. Hum Genet 2003; 112 (2): 195–203.
28. Qi S-T, Liang L-F, Xian Y-X et al. Arrested human embryos are more likely to have abnormal chromosomes than developing embryos from women of advanced maternal age. J Ovarian Res 2014; 7 (1): 65.
29. Barbash-Hazan S, Frumkin T, Malcov M et al. Preimplantation aneuploid embryos undergo self-correction in correlation with their developmental potential. Fertil Steril 2009; 92 (3): 890–6. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2008.07.1761
30. Mersereau JE, Plunkett BA, Cedars MI. Preimplantation genetic screening in older women: a cost-effectiveness analysis. Fertil Steril 2008; 90 (3): 592–8.
31. Lee H, Mcculloh DH, Hodes-wertz B et al. In vitro fertilization with preimplantation genetic screening improves implantation and live birth in women age 40 through 43. 2015; 435–44.
2. Liu K, Case A. Advanced reproductive age and fertility. J Obs Gynaecol Can 2011; 33 (11): 1165–75.
3. Denson V. Diagnosis and Management of Infertility. J Nurse Pract 2006; 2 (6): 380–6.
4. Мишиева Н.Г. Бесплодие у женщин позднего репродуктивного возраста: принципы диагностики и лечения в зависимости от овариального резерва. Дис. … д-ра мед. наук. М., 2008. / Mishieva N.G. Besplodie u zhenshchin pozdnego reproduktivnogo vozrasta: printsipy diagnostiki i lecheniia v zavisimosti ot ovarial'nogo rezerva. Dis. … d-ra med. nauk. M., 2008. [in Russian]
5. Боярский К.Ю., Гайдуков С.Н., Чкуасели А.С. Факторы, определяющие овариальный резерв женщины. Журн. акуш. и женских болезней. 2009; 58 (2): 65–71. / Boiarskii K.Iu., Gaidukov S.N., Chkuaseli A.S. Faktory, opredeliaiushchie ovarial'nyi rezerv zhenshchiny. Zhurn. akush. i zhenskikh boleznei. 2009; 58 (2): 65–71. [in Russian]
6. Gougeon A, Ecochard R, Thalabard JC. Age-related changes of the population of human ovarian follicles: increase in the disappearance rate of non-growing and early-growing follicles in aging women. Biol Reprod 1994; 50 (3): 653–63.
7. Hansen KR, Knowlton NS, Thyer AC et al. A new model of reproductive aging: The decline in ovarian non-growing follicle number from birth to menopause. Hum Reprod 2008; 23 (3): 699–708.
8. Johnson NP, Bagrie EM, Coomarasamy A et al. Ovarian reserve tests for predicting fertility outcomes for assisted reproductive technology: The International Systematic Collaboration of Ovarian Reserve Evaluation protocol for a systematic review of ovarian reserve test accuracy. BJOG An Int J Obstet Gynaecol 2006; 113 (12): 1472–80.
9. Velde ER, Pearson PL. The variability of female reproductive aging. Hum Reprod Update 2002; 8 (2): 141–54.
10. Klein N, Battaglia D, Fujimoto V et al. Reproductive aging: accelerated ovarian follicular development associated with a monotropic follicle-stimulating hormone rise in normal older women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1996; 81: 1038–45.
11. Broekmans FJ, Soules MR, Fauser BC. Ovarian aging: Mechanisms and clinical consequences. Endocr Rev 2009; 30 (5): 465–93.
12. Laven JSE. Genetics of Early and Normal Menopause. Semin Reprod Med 2015; 33 (6): 377–83.
13. Pelosi E, Forabosco A, Schlessinger D. Genetics of the ovarian reserve. Front Genet 2015; 6: 1–20.
14. Nesbitt-Hawes EM, Ledger W. Endometriosis and infertility. Reprod Surg Assist Concept 2015; 29–35.
15. Shebl O, Ebner T, Sommergruber M et al. Anti muellerian hormone serum levels in women with endometriosis: a case-control study. Gynecol Endocrinol 2009; 25 (11): 713–6.
16. Корсак В.С., Парусов В.Н., Кирсанов А.А., Исакова Э.В. Влияние резекции яичников на их функциональный резерв. Пробл. репрод. 1996; 2 (4): 63–7. / Korsak V.S., Parusov V.N., Kirsanov A.A., Isakova E.V. Vliianie rezektsii iaichnikov na ikh funktsional'nyi rezerv. Probl. reprod. 1996; 2 (4): 63–7. [in Russian]
17. Nargund G, Cheng WC, Parsons J. The impact of ovarian cystectomy on ovarian response to stimulation during in-vitro fertilization cycles. Hum Reprod 1996; 11 (1): 81–3.
18. Shulman A, Marom H, Oelsner G et al. The effect of adnexal surgery on the ovarian response to stimulation in in vitro fertilization. Eur J Obs Gynecol Reprod Bio 2002; 103 (2): 158–62.
19. Белялова Н.С., Белялов Ф.И. Факторы риска и профилактика рака. Клин. мед. 2005; 11 (1): 17–21. / Belialova N.S., Belialov F.I. Faktory riska i profilaktika raka. Klin. med. 2005; 11 (1): 17–21. [in Russian]
20. Lushbaugh C, Carasett C. The effects of gonadal irradiation in clinical radiation therapy: a review. Cancer 1976; 37: 1111–20.
21. Bokemeyer C, Schmoll H, van Rhee J et al. Long-term gonadal toxicity after therapy for Hodgkin’s and non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Ann Hemat 1994; 68 (3): 105–10.
22. Sharara FI, Beatse SN, Leonardi MR et al. Cigarette smoking accelerates the development of diminished ovarian reserve as evidenced by the clomiphene citrate challenge test. Fertil Steril 1994; 62 (2): 257–62.
23. Bukulmez O, Arici A. Assessment of ovarian reserve. Curr Opin Obs Gynecol 2004; 16 (3): 231–7.
24. Hardarson T, Hanson C, Lundin K et al. Preimplantation genetic screening in women of advanced maternal age caused a decrease in clinical pregnancy rate: a randomized controlled trial. Hum Reprod 2008; 23 (12): 2806–12.
25. Magli MC, Montag M, Kster M et al. Polar body array CGH for prediction of the status of the corresponding oocyte. Part II: Technical aspects. Hum Reprod 2011; 26: 3181–5.
26 Gianaroli L, Magli MC, Ferraretti AP et al. The role of preimplantation diagnosis for aneuploidies. Reprod BioMed Online 2002; 4 (3): 31–6.
27. Pellestor F, Andréo B, Arnal F et al. Maternal aging and chromosomal abnormalities: new data drawn from in vitro unfertilized human oocytes. Hum Genet 2003; 112 (2): 195–203.
28. Qi S-T, Liang L-F, Xian Y-X et al. Arrested human embryos are more likely to have abnormal chromosomes than developing embryos from women of advanced maternal age. J Ovarian Res 2014; 7 (1): 65.
29. Barbash-Hazan S, Frumkin T, Malcov M et al. Preimplantation aneuploid embryos undergo self-correction in correlation with their developmental potential. Fertil Steril 2009; 92 (3): 890–6. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2008.07.1761
30. Mersereau JE, Plunkett BA, Cedars MI. Preimplantation genetic screening in older women: a cost-effectiveness analysis. Fertil Steril 2008; 90 (3): 592–8.
31. Lee H, Mcculloh DH, Hodes-wertz B et al. In vitro fertilization with preimplantation genetic screening improves implantation and live birth in women age 40 through 43. 2015; 435–44.
________________________________________________
2. Liu K, Case A. Advanced reproductive age and fertility. J Obs Gynaecol Can 2011; 33 (11): 1165–75.
3. Denson V. Diagnosis and Management of Infertility. J Nurse Pract 2006; 2 (6): 380–6.
4. Mishieva N.G. Besplodie u zhenshchin pozdnego reproduktivnogo vozrasta: printsipy diagnostiki i lecheniia v zavisimosti ot ovarial'nogo rezerva. Dis. … d-ra med. nauk. M., 2008. [in Russian]
5. Boiarskii K.Iu., Gaidukov S.N., Chkuaseli A.S. Faktory, opredeliaiushchie ovarial'nyi rezerv zhenshchiny. Zhurn. akush. i zhenskikh boleznei. 2009; 58 (2): 65–71. [in Russian]
6. Gougeon A, Ecochard R, Thalabard JC. Age-related changes of the population of human ovarian follicles: increase in the disappearance rate of non-growing and early-growing follicles in aging women. Biol Reprod 1994; 50 (3): 653–63.
7. Hansen KR, Knowlton NS, Thyer AC et al. A new model of reproductive aging: The decline in ovarian non-growing follicle number from birth to menopause. Hum Reprod 2008; 23 (3): 699–708.
8. Johnson NP, Bagrie EM, Coomarasamy A et al. Ovarian reserve tests for predicting fertility outcomes for assisted reproductive technology: The International Systematic Collaboration of Ovarian Reserve Evaluation protocol for a systematic review of ovarian reserve test accuracy. BJOG An Int J Obstet Gynaecol 2006; 113 (12): 1472–80.
9. Velde ER, Pearson PL. The variability of female reproductive aging. Hum Reprod Update 2002; 8 (2): 141–54.
10. Klein N, Battaglia D, Fujimoto V et al. Reproductive aging: accelerated ovarian follicular development associated with a monotropic follicle-stimulating hormone rise in normal older women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1996; 81: 1038–45.
11. Broekmans FJ, Soules MR, Fauser BC. Ovarian aging: Mechanisms and clinical consequences. Endocr Rev 2009; 30 (5): 465–93.
12. Laven JSE. Genetics of Early and Normal Menopause. Semin Reprod Med 2015; 33 (6): 377–83.
13. Pelosi E, Forabosco A, Schlessinger D. Genetics of the ovarian reserve. Front Genet 2015; 6: 1–20.
14. Nesbitt-Hawes EM, Ledger W. Endometriosis and infertility. Reprod Surg Assist Concept 2015; 29–35.
15. Shebl O, Ebner T, Sommergruber M et al. Anti muellerian hormone serum levels in women with endometriosis: a case-control study. Gynecol Endocrinol 2009; 25 (11): 713–6.
16. Korsak V.S., Parusov V.N., Kirsanov A.A., Isakova E.V. Vliianie rezektsii iaichnikov na ikh funktsional'nyi rezerv. Probl. reprod. 1996; 2 (4): 63–7. [in Russian]
17. Nargund G, Cheng WC, Parsons J. The impact of ovarian cystectomy on ovarian response to stimulation during in-vitro fertilization cycles. Hum Reprod 1996; 11 (1): 81–3.
18. Shulman A, Marom H, Oelsner G et al. The effect of adnexal surgery on the ovarian response to stimulation in in vitro fertilization. Eur J Obs Gynecol Reprod Bio 2002; 103 (2): 158–62.
19. Belialova N.S., Belialov F.I. Faktory riska i profilaktika raka. Klin. med. 2005; 11 (1): 17–21. [in Russian]
20. Lushbaugh C, Carasett C. The effects of gonadal irradiation in clinical radiation therapy: a review. Cancer 1976; 37: 1111–20.
21. Bokemeyer C, Schmoll H, van Rhee J et al. Long-term gonadal toxicity after therapy for Hodgkin’s and non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Ann Hemat 1994; 68 (3): 105–10.
22. Sharara FI, Beatse SN, Leonardi MR et al. Cigarette smoking accelerates the development of diminished ovarian reserve as evidenced by the clomiphene citrate challenge test. Fertil Steril 1994; 62 (2): 257–62.
23. Bukulmez O, Arici A. Assessment of ovarian reserve. Curr Opin Obs Gynecol 2004; 16 (3): 231–7.
24. Hardarson T, Hanson C, Lundin K et al. Preimplantation genetic screening in women of advanced maternal age caused a decrease in clinical pregnancy rate: a randomized controlled trial. Hum Reprod 2008; 23 (12): 2806–12.
25. Magli MC, Montag M, Kster M et al. Polar body array CGH for prediction of the status of the corresponding oocyte. Part II: Technical aspects. Hum Reprod 2011; 26: 3181–5.
26 Gianaroli L, Magli MC, Ferraretti AP et al. The role of preimplantation diagnosis for aneuploidies. Reprod BioMed Online 2002; 4 (3): 31–6.
27. Pellestor F, Andréo B, Arnal F et al. Maternal aging and chromosomal abnormalities: new data drawn from in vitro unfertilized human oocytes. Hum Genet 2003; 112 (2): 195–203.
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Авторы
А.Г.Сыркашева*1, Е.О.Ильина2, Н.В.Долгушина1
1. ФГБУ Научный центр акушерства, гинекологии и перинатологии им. акад. В.И.Кулакова Минздрава России. 117997, Россия, Москва, ул. Академика Опарина, д. 4;
2. ФГБОУ ВО Московский государственный университет им. М.В.Ломоносова. 119192, Россия, Москва, Ломоносовский пр., д. 31, корп. 5
*anast.syrkasheva@gmail.com
1. V.I.Kulakov Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. 117997,
Russian Federation, Moscow, ul. Akademika Oparina, d. 4;
2. M.V.Lomonosov Moscow State University. 119192, Russian Federation, Moscow, Lomonosovskii pr., d. 31, korp. 5
*anast.syrkasheva@gmail.com
1. ФГБУ Научный центр акушерства, гинекологии и перинатологии им. акад. В.И.Кулакова Минздрава России. 117997, Россия, Москва, ул. Академика Опарина, д. 4;
2. ФГБОУ ВО Московский государственный университет им. М.В.Ломоносова. 119192, Россия, Москва, Ломоносовский пр., д. 31, корп. 5
*anast.syrkasheva@gmail.com
________________________________________________
1. V.I.Kulakov Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. 117997,
Russian Federation, Moscow, ul. Akademika Oparina, d. 4;
2. M.V.Lomonosov Moscow State University. 119192, Russian Federation, Moscow, Lomonosovskii pr., d. 31, korp. 5
*anast.syrkasheva@gmail.com
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