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Место иммуномодуляторов в лечении воспалительных заболеваний органов малого таза
Место иммуномодуляторов в лечении воспалительных заболеваний органов малого таза
Кузнецова И.В., Рашидов Т.Н. Место иммуномодуляторов в лечении воспалительных заболеваний органов малого таза. Гинекология. 2016;
18 (5): 26–31.
18 (5): 26–31.
________________________________________________
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Аннотация
Воспалительные заболевания органов малого таза (ВЗОМТ) широко распространены в популяции женщин репродуктивного возраста. Особые свойства возбудителей урогенитальных инфекций, дисфункция иммунной системы макроорганизма часто приводят к формированию хронического воспаления, прежде всего у женщин с бессимптомным течением инфекций, передаваемых половым путем (ИППП), и пациенток с субклиническими формами ВЗОМТ. Хронические ВЗОМТ в свою очередь сопряжены с многочисленными расстройствами репродуктивной сферы, включая бесплодие, невынашивание беременности, хроническую тазовую боль. Профилактика хронического воспаления и его негативных последствий заключается в раннем выявлении и адекватном лечении как ИППП, так и ВЗОМТ, особенно их субклинических вариантов. К сожалению, антибиотикотерапия не всегда оправдывает возлагаемые на нее надежды, отчасти ввиду повышающейся резистентности возбудителей, отчасти из-за собственных побочных эффектов, в том числе иммуносупрессивного действия. Для оптимизации антибиотикотерапии и предупреждения развития ВЗОМТ и их рецидивов в схемы лечения могут вводиться иммуномодуляторы. Поскольку ключевую роль в иммунном ответе на инфекционное внедрение играет фагоцитарное звено, включение в терапию азоксимера бромида, обеспечивающего полноценную функцию фагоцитов, представляется обоснованным и целесообразным.
Ключевые слова: воспалительные заболевания органов малого таза, инфекции, передаваемые половым путем, иммуномодуляторы, азоксимера бромид.
Key words: pelvic inflammatory diseases, sexually transmitted infections, immunomodulators, azoximer bromide.
Ключевые слова: воспалительные заболевания органов малого таза, инфекции, передаваемые половым путем, иммуномодуляторы, азоксимера бромид.
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Key words: pelvic inflammatory diseases, sexually transmitted infections, immunomodulators, azoximer bromide.
Полный текст
Список литературы
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2. CDC. PID Fact Sheet. Atlanta, GA: Department of Health and Human Services; 2007.
3. CDC. Sexually Transmitted Disease Surveillance, 2013. Atlanta, GA: Department of Health and Human Services; 2014.
4. Herzog SA, Heijne JC, Althaus CL, Low N. Describing the progression from Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae to pevic inflammatory disease: systematic review of mathematical modeling studies. SexTransDis 2012; 39 (8): 628–37.
5. Shurshalina A.V. Vospalitel'nye zabolevaniia organov malogo taza: sovremennaia taktika terapii. Ginekologiia. 2011; 13 (5): 23–6. [in Russian]
6. Goyal M, Hersh A, Luan X et al. National trends in pelvic inflammatory disease among adolescents in the emergency department. J Adolesc Health 2013; 53 (2): 249–52.
7. Gray-swain MR, Peipert JF. Pelvic inflammatory disease in adolescents. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol 2006; 18 (5): 503–10.
8. Infektsii v akusherstve i ginekologii. Pod red. O.V.Makarova, V.A.Aleshkina, T.N.Savchenko. M.: MEDpress-inform, 2007; 138–40. [in Russian]
9. Haggerty CL, Taylor BD. Mycoplasma genitalium: an emergingcause of pelvic inflammatory disease. Infect Dis Obstet Gynecol 2011; 2011: 959816.
10. Peters BM, Jabra–Rizk MA, O’May GA. Polymicrobialinteracctions: impact on Pathogenesis and Human Disease. Clin Microbiol Rev 2012; 25 (1): 193–213.
11. Hillier SL, Rabe LK, Meyn LA et al. Molecular analysis of STI pathogens and their environments endometrial Gardnerellavaginalis and Atopobimvaginae are associated with histologic endometritis among women with clinically diagnosed Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID). Sex Trans Infect 2013; 89: A36.
12. Hoiby N, Bjarnsholt T, Givskov M. Antibiotic resistance of bacterial biofilm. Antimicrobial Agents 2010; 35 (4): 322 –32.
13. CDC. Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID). Atlanta, GA: Department of Health and Human Services; 2015.
14. Ghosh A, Gandham S, Stienen-Durand A, Ibrahim Z. Evaluation of Chlamydia trachomatis antibody test (CAT) as a first line investigation for infertility. Int J Gynecol Obstet 2012; 119S3: S357.
15. Soper DE. Pelvic inflammatory disease. Obstet Gynecol 2010; 116: 419.
16. CDC. 2015 Sexually Transmitted Diseases Treatment Guidelines. Atlanta, GA: Department of Health and Human Services; 2015.
17. Trent M, Bass D, Ness RB, Haggerty C. Recurrent PID, subsequent STI, and reproductive health outcomes: findings from the PID evaluation and clinical health (PEACH) study. Sex Transm Dis 2011; 38 (9): 879–81.
18. Workowski KA, Berman S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Sexually Transmitted Diseases Treatment Guidelines. MMWR Recom Rep 2010; 59 (RR-12): 1–110.
19. Zolotov I.S., Ostromenskii V.V. Terapiia vospalitel'nykh zabolevanii zhenskikh polovykh organov: vozmozhnosti immunomoduliatorov. Ginekologiia. 2011; 13 (3): 54–60. [in Russian]
20. Spiridonova N.V., Makhlina E.A. i dr. Differentsirovannyi podkhod k terapii patsientok s bakterial'nym vaginozom. Vopr. ginekologii, akusherstva, i perinatologii. 2010; 2 (9): 32–5. [in Russian]
21. Immunologiia i allergologiia: ucheb. posob. dlia studentov med. vuzov pod red. A.A. Vorob'eva, A.S. Bykova, A.V. Karaulova. M.: Prakticheskaia meditsina, 2006. [in Russian]
22. Gomberg M.A., Pozdniakova O.L., Solov'ev A.M. Urogenital'naia khlamidiinaia infektsiia: lechit' ili ne lechit'? Consilium Medicum. 2006; 8 (4): 21–2. [in Russian]
23. CDC. Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) Treatment and Care. Atlanta, GA: Department of Health and Human Services; 2015.
24. Сanadian Guidelines on Sexually Transmitted Infections (with current updates and errata), 2010. http://www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/std-mts/sti-its/guide-lignesdir-eng.php
25. Tapil'skaia N.I., Karpeev S.A., Kuznetsova I.V. Khronicheskii endometrit – subklinicheskoe vospalitel'noe zabolevanie organov malogo taza. Ginekologiia. 2014; 1: 104–9. [in Russian]
26. Aflatoonian R, Fazeli A. Toll-like receptors in female reproductive tract and their menstrual cycle dependent expression. J ReprodImmunol 2008; 77: 7–13.
27. Guo D, Cai Y, Chai D et al. The cardiotoxicity of macrolides: a systematic review. Pharmazie 2010; 65 (9): 631–40.
28. Ray WA, Murray KT, Hall K et al. Azithromycin and the risk of cardiovascular death. N Engl J Med 2012; 366 (20): 1881–90.
29. Paterson JM, Mamdani MM, Manno M et al. Fluoroquinolone therapy and idiosyncratic liver injury: a population-based study. CMAJ 2012; 184 (14): 1565–170.
30. Important information regarding serious adverse reactions and safety measures. Direct Healthcare Professional Communication regarding moxifloxacin (AveloxR) and serious hepatic and bullous skin reactions February 2008 http://www.mhra.gov.uk/home/groups/pl-p/documents/web-siteresources/con014103
31. Updated Labeling for Antibiotic Avelox (Moxifloxacin) Regarding Rare Risk of Severe Liver Injury Information Update:http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/ahc-asc/media/advisories-avis/_2010/2010_42-eng.php
32. Chan M. Antimicrobial resistance in the European Union and the world. URL: http://www.who.int/dg/speeches/2012/amr_20120314/en.
33. CDC. Antibiotic Resistance Threats in the United States, 2013. Atlanta, GA: Department of Health and Human Services; 2014.
34. EUSTI, Euro-GASP 2006&2007 summary report of N. gonorrhoeae antimicrobial susceptibility surveillance results 2007.
35. FGU Tsentral'nyi nauchno-issledovatel'skii kozhno-venerologicheskii institut Roszdrava. Inf. biulleten' po sostoianiiu rezistentnosti gonokokka k antibakterial'nym preparatam. Moskva, 2006. [in Russian]
36`. Infektsii i infektsionnyi kontrol' v akusherstve i ginekologii. Post-reliz i materialy nauch. progr. III Konferentsii s mezhdunarodnym uchastiem. M.: Redaktsiia zhurnala Status Praesens, 2014. [in Russian]
37. The European Union Summary Report on antimicrobial resistance in zoonotic and indicator bacteria from humans, animals and food in 2012. Scientific report of EFSA and ECDC. EFSA J 2014; 12 (3): 3590.
38. Strel'tsova O.S., Krupin V.N., Rastorguev G.G. Rol' immunomoduliruiushchei terapii v lechenii i profilaktike obostrenii khronicheskogo tsistita. Urologiia. 2013; 3: 24–8. [in Russian]
39. Haggerty CL, Gottlieb SL, Taylor BD et al. Riskof sequelae after Chlamydia trachomatis genital infection in women. JInfect Dis 2010; 201 (suppl 2): 134–55.
40. LeFevre ML; U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. Screening forchlamydia and gonorrhea: U.S. preventive services task force recommendation statement. Ann Intern Med 2014; 161 (12): 902–10.
41. Oakeshott P, Kerry S, Aghaizu A et al. Randomised controlled trial of screening for Chlamydia trachomatis to prevent pelvic inflammatory disease: the POPI (prevention of pelvic infection) trial. BMJ 2010; 340: 1642.
42. Safronova M.M., Grenkova Iu.M. Narushenie vlagalishchnogo biotsenoza: sovremennye metody korrektsii. Klinicheskaia dermatologiia i venerologiia. 2009; 6: 102–6. [in Russian]
43. Smith KJ, Ness RB, Roberts MS. Hospitalization for pelvic inflammatory disease: a cost-effectiveness analysis. Sex Transm Dis 2007; 34 (2): 108–12, Canadian guide, 2010.
44. Ivardava M.I. Mesto immunomoduliatorov v lechenii ostroi respiratornoi infektsii u chasto boleiushchikh detei. Voprosy sovremennoi pediatrii. 2011; 10 (3): 103–7. [in Russian]
2. CDC. PID Fact Sheet. Atlanta, GA: Department of Health and Human Services; 2007.
3. CDC. Sexually Transmitted Disease Surveillance, 2013. Atlanta, GA: Department of Health and Human Services; 2014.
4. Herzog SA, Heijne JC, Althaus CL, Low N. Describing the progression from Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae to pevic inflammatory disease: systematic review of mathematical modeling studies. SexTransDis 2012; 39 (8): 628–37.
5. Шуршалина А.В. Воспалительные заболевания органов малого таза: современная тактика терапии. Гинекология. 2011; 13 (5): 23–6. / Shurshalina A.V. Vospalitel'nye zabolevaniia organov malogo taza: sovremennaia taktika terapii. Ginekologiia. 2011; 13 (5): 23–6. [in Russian]
6. Goyal M, Hersh A, Luan X et al. National trends in pelvic inflammatory disease among adolescents in the emergency department. J Adolesc Health 2013; 53 (2): 249–52.
7. Gray-swain MR, Peipert JF. Pelvic inflammatory disease in adolescents. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol 2006; 18 (5): 503–10.
8. Инфекции в акушерстве и гинекологии. Под ред. О.В. Макарова, В.А.Алешкина, Т.Н.Савченко. М.: МЕДпресс-информ, 2007; 138–40. / Infektsii v akusherstve i ginekologii. Pod red. O.V.Makarova, V.A.Aleshkina, T.N.Savchenko. M.: MEDpress-inform, 2007; 138–40. [in Russian]
9. Haggerty CL, Taylor BD. Mycoplasma genitalium: an emergingcause of pelvic inflammatory disease. Infect Dis Obstet Gynecol 2011; 2011: 959816.
10. Peters BM, Jabra–Rizk MA, O’May GA. Polymicrobialinteracctions: impact on Pathogenesis and Human Disease. Clin Microbiol Rev 2012; 25 (1): 193–213.
11. Hillier SL, Rabe LK, Meyn LA et al. Molecular analysis of STI pathogens and their environments endometrial Gardnerellavaginalis and Atopobimvaginae are associated with histologic endometritis among women with clinically diagnosed Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID). Sex Trans Infect 2013; 89: A36.
12. Hoiby N, Bjarnsholt T, Givskov M. Antibiotic resistance of bacterial biofilm. Antimicrobial Agents 2010; 35 (4): 322 –32.
13. CDC. Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID). Atlanta, GA: Department of Health and Human Services; 2015.
14. Ghosh A, Gandham S, Stienen-Durand A, Ibrahim Z. Evaluation of Chlamydia trachomatis antibody test (CAT) as a first line investigation for infertility. Int J Gynecol Obstet 2012; 119S3: S357.
15. Soper DE. Pelvic inflammatory disease. Obstet Gynecol 2010; 116: 419.
16. CDC. 2015 Sexually Transmitted Diseases Treatment Guidelines. Atlanta, GA: Department of Health and Human Services; 2015.
17. Trent M, Bass D, Ness RB, Haggerty C. Recurrent PID, subsequent STI, and reproductive health outcomes: findings from the PID evaluation and clinical health (PEACH) study. Sex Transm Dis 2011; 38 (9): 879–81.
18. Workowski KA, Berman S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Sexually Transmitted Diseases Treatment Guidelines. MMWR Recom Rep 2010; 59 (RR-12): 1–110.
19. Золотов И.С., Остроменский В.В. Терапия воспалительных заболеваний женских половых органов: возможности иммуномодуляторов. Гинекология. 2011; 13 (3): 54–60. / Zolotov I.S., Ostromenskii V.V. Terapiia vospalitel'nykh zabolevanii zhenskikh polovykh organov: vozmozhnosti immunomoduliatorov. Ginekologiia. 2011; 13 (3): 54–60. [in Russian]
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22. Гомберг М.А., Позднякова О.Л., Соловьев А.М. Урогенитальная хламидийная инфекция: лечить или не лечить? Consilium Medicum. 2006; 8 (4): 21–2. / Gomberg M.A., Pozdniakova O.L., Solov'ev A.M. Urogenital'naia khlamidiinaia infektsiia: lechit' ili ne lechit'? Consilium Medicum. 2006; 8 (4): 21–2. [in Russian]
23. CDC. Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) Treatment and Care. Atlanta, GA: Department of Health and Human Services; 2015.
24. Сanadian Guidelines on Sexually Transmitted Infections (with current updates and errata), 2010. http://www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/std-mts/sti-its/guide-lignesdir-eng.php
25. Тапильская Н.И., Карпеев С.А., Кузнецова И.В. Хронический эндометрит – субклиническое воспалительное заболевание органов малого таза. Гинекология. 2014; 1: 104–9. / Tapil'skaia N.I., Karpeev S.A., Kuznetsova I.V. Khronicheskii endometrit – subklinicheskoe vospalitel'noe zabolevanie organov malogo taza. Ginekologiia. 2014; 1: 104–9. [in Russian]
26. Aflatoonian R, Fazeli A. Toll-like receptors in female reproductive tract and their menstrual cycle dependent expression. J ReprodImmunol 2008; 77: 7–13.
27. Guo D, Cai Y, Chai D et al. The cardiotoxicity of macrolides: a systematic review. Pharmazie 2010; 65 (9): 631–40.
28. Ray WA, Murray KT, Hall K et al. Azithromycin and the risk of cardiovascular death. N Engl J Med 2012; 366 (20): 1881–90.
29. Paterson JM, Mamdani MM, Manno M et al. Fluoroquinolone therapy and idiosyncratic liver injury: a population-based study. CMAJ 2012; 184 (14): 1565–170.
30. Important information regarding serious adverse reactions and safety measures. Direct Healthcare Professional Communication regarding moxifloxacin (AveloxR) and serious hepatic and bullous skin reactions February 2008 http://www.mhra.gov.uk/home/groups/pl-p/documents/web-siteresources/con014103
31. Updated Labeling for Antibiotic Avelox (Moxifloxacin) Regarding Rare Risk of Severe Liver Injury Information Update:http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/ahc-asc/media/advisories-avis/_2010/2010_42-eng.php
32. Chan M. Antimicrobial resistance in the European Union and the world. URL: http://www.who.int/dg/speeches/2012/amr_20120314/en.
33. CDC. Antibiotic Resistance Threats in the United States, 2013. Atlanta, GA: Department of Health and Human Services; 2014.
34. EUSTI, Euro-GASP 2006&2007 summary report of N. gonorrhoeae antimicrobial susceptibility surveillance results 2007.
35. ФГУ Центральный научно-исследовательский кожно-венерологический институт Росздрава. Инф. бюллетень по состоянию резистентности гонококка к антибактериальным препаратам. Москва, 2006. / FGU Tsentral'nyi nauchno-issledovatel'skii kozhno-venerologicheskii institut Roszdrava. Inf. biulleten' po sostoianiiu rezistentnosti gonokokka k antibakterial'nym preparatam. Moskva, 2006. [in Russian]
36`. Инфекции и инфекционный контроль в акушерстве и гинекологии. Пост-релиз и материалы науч. прогр. III Конференции с международным участием. М.: Редакция журнала Status Praesens, 2014. / Infektsii i infektsionnyi kontrol' v akusherstve i ginekologii. Post-reliz i materialy nauch. progr. III Konferentsii s mezhdunarodnym uchastiem. M.: Redaktsiia zhurnala Status Praesens, 2014. [in Russian]
37. The European Union Summary Report on antimicrobial resistance in zoonotic and indicator bacteria from humans, animals and food in 2012. Scientific report of EFSA and ECDC. EFSA J 2014; 12 (3): 3590.
38. Стрельцова О.С., Крупин В.Н., Расторгуев Г.Г. Роль иммуномодулирующей терапии в лечении и профилактике обострений хронического цистита. Урология. 2013; 3: 24–8. / Strel'tsova O.S., Krupin V.N., Rastorguev G.G. Rol' immunomoduliruiushchei terapii v lechenii i profilaktike obostrenii khronicheskogo tsistita. Urologiia. 2013; 3: 24–8. [in Russian]
39. Haggerty CL, Gottlieb SL, Taylor BD et al. Riskof sequelae after Chlamydia trachomatis genital infection in women. JInfect Dis 2010; 201 (suppl 2): 134–55.
40. LeFevre ML; U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. Screening forchlamydia and gonorrhea: U.S. preventive services task force recommendation statement. Ann Intern Med 2014; 161 (12): 902–10.
41. Oakeshott P, Kerry S, Aghaizu A et al. Randomised controlled trial of screening for Chlamydia trachomatis to prevent pelvic inflammatory disease: the POPI (prevention of pelvic infection) trial. BMJ 2010; 340: 1642.
42. Сафронова М.М., Гренкова Ю.М. Нарушение влагалищного биоценоза: современные методы коррекции. Клиническая дерматология и венерология. 2009; 6: 102–6. / Safronova M.M., Grenkova Iu.M. Narushenie vlagalishchnogo biotsenoza: sovremennye metody korrektsii. Klinicheskaia dermatologiia i venerologiia. 2009; 6: 102–6. [in Russian]
43. Smith KJ, Ness RB, Roberts MS. Hospitalization for pelvic inflammatory disease: a cost-effectiveness analysis. Sex Transm Dis 2007; 34 (2): 108–12, Canadian guide, 2010.
44. Ивардава М.И. Место иммуномодуляторов в лечении острой респираторной инфекции у часто болеющих детей. Вопросы современной педиатрии. 2011;10 (3): 103–7. / Ivardava M.I. Mesto immunomoduliatorov v lechenii ostroi respiratornoi infektsii u chasto boleiushchikh detei. Voprosy sovremennoi pediatrii. 2011; 10 (3): 103–7. [in Russian]
________________________________________________
2. CDC. PID Fact Sheet. Atlanta, GA: Department of Health and Human Services; 2007.
3. CDC. Sexually Transmitted Disease Surveillance, 2013. Atlanta, GA: Department of Health and Human Services; 2014.
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7. Gray-swain MR, Peipert JF. Pelvic inflammatory disease in adolescents. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol 2006; 18 (5): 503–10.
8. Infektsii v akusherstve i ginekologii. Pod red. O.V.Makarova, V.A.Aleshkina, T.N.Savchenko. M.: MEDpress-inform, 2007; 138–40. [in Russian]
9. Haggerty CL, Taylor BD. Mycoplasma genitalium: an emergingcause of pelvic inflammatory disease. Infect Dis Obstet Gynecol 2011; 2011: 959816.
10. Peters BM, Jabra–Rizk MA, O’May GA. Polymicrobialinteracctions: impact on Pathogenesis and Human Disease. Clin Microbiol Rev 2012; 25 (1): 193–213.
11. Hillier SL, Rabe LK, Meyn LA et al. Molecular analysis of STI pathogens and their environments endometrial Gardnerellavaginalis and Atopobimvaginae are associated with histologic endometritis among women with clinically diagnosed Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID). Sex Trans Infect 2013; 89: A36.
12. Hoiby N, Bjarnsholt T, Givskov M. Antibiotic resistance of bacterial biofilm. Antimicrobial Agents 2010; 35 (4): 322 –32.
13. CDC. Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID). Atlanta, GA: Department of Health and Human Services; 2015.
14. Ghosh A, Gandham S, Stienen-Durand A, Ibrahim Z. Evaluation of Chlamydia trachomatis antibody test (CAT) as a first line investigation for infertility. Int J Gynecol Obstet 2012; 119S3: S357.
15. Soper DE. Pelvic inflammatory disease. Obstet Gynecol 2010; 116: 419.
16. CDC. 2015 Sexually Transmitted Diseases Treatment Guidelines. Atlanta, GA: Department of Health and Human Services; 2015.
17. Trent M, Bass D, Ness RB, Haggerty C. Recurrent PID, subsequent STI, and reproductive health outcomes: findings from the PID evaluation and clinical health (PEACH) study. Sex Transm Dis 2011; 38 (9): 879–81.
18. Workowski KA, Berman S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Sexually Transmitted Diseases Treatment Guidelines. MMWR Recom Rep 2010; 59 (RR-12): 1–110.
19. Zolotov I.S., Ostromenskii V.V. Terapiia vospalitel'nykh zabolevanii zhenskikh polovykh organov: vozmozhnosti immunomoduliatorov. Ginekologiia. 2011; 13 (3): 54–60. [in Russian]
20. Spiridonova N.V., Makhlina E.A. i dr. Differentsirovannyi podkhod k terapii patsientok s bakterial'nym vaginozom. Vopr. ginekologii, akusherstva, i perinatologii. 2010; 2 (9): 32–5. [in Russian]
21. Immunologiia i allergologiia: ucheb. posob. dlia studentov med. vuzov pod red. A.A. Vorob'eva, A.S. Bykova, A.V. Karaulova. M.: Prakticheskaia meditsina, 2006. [in Russian]
22. Gomberg M.A., Pozdniakova O.L., Solov'ev A.M. Urogenital'naia khlamidiinaia infektsiia: lechit' ili ne lechit'? Consilium Medicum. 2006; 8 (4): 21–2. [in Russian]
23. CDC. Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) Treatment and Care. Atlanta, GA: Department of Health and Human Services; 2015.
24. Сanadian Guidelines on Sexually Transmitted Infections (with current updates and errata), 2010. http://www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/std-mts/sti-its/guide-lignesdir-eng.php
25. Tapil'skaia N.I., Karpeev S.A., Kuznetsova I.V. Khronicheskii endometrit – subklinicheskoe vospalitel'noe zabolevanie organov malogo taza. Ginekologiia. 2014; 1: 104–9. [in Russian]
26. Aflatoonian R, Fazeli A. Toll-like receptors in female reproductive tract and their menstrual cycle dependent expression. J ReprodImmunol 2008; 77: 7–13.
27. Guo D, Cai Y, Chai D et al. The cardiotoxicity of macrolides: a systematic review. Pharmazie 2010; 65 (9): 631–40.
28. Ray WA, Murray KT, Hall K et al. Azithromycin and the risk of cardiovascular death. N Engl J Med 2012; 366 (20): 1881–90.
29. Paterson JM, Mamdani MM, Manno M et al. Fluoroquinolone therapy and idiosyncratic liver injury: a population-based study. CMAJ 2012; 184 (14): 1565–170.
30. Important information regarding serious adverse reactions and safety measures. Direct Healthcare Professional Communication regarding moxifloxacin (AveloxR) and serious hepatic and bullous skin reactions February 2008 http://www.mhra.gov.uk/home/groups/pl-p/documents/web-siteresources/con014103
31. Updated Labeling for Antibiotic Avelox (Moxifloxacin) Regarding Rare Risk of Severe Liver Injury Information Update:http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/ahc-asc/media/advisories-avis/_2010/2010_42-eng.php
32. Chan M. Antimicrobial resistance in the European Union and the world. URL: http://www.who.int/dg/speeches/2012/amr_20120314/en.
33. CDC. Antibiotic Resistance Threats in the United States, 2013. Atlanta, GA: Department of Health and Human Services; 2014.
34. EUSTI, Euro-GASP 2006&2007 summary report of N. gonorrhoeae antimicrobial susceptibility surveillance results 2007.
35. FGU Tsentral'nyi nauchno-issledovatel'skii kozhno-venerologicheskii institut Roszdrava. Inf. biulleten' po sostoianiiu rezistentnosti gonokokka k antibakterial'nym preparatam. Moskva, 2006. [in Russian]
36`. Infektsii i infektsionnyi kontrol' v akusherstve i ginekologii. Post-reliz i materialy nauch. progr. III Konferentsii s mezhdunarodnym uchastiem. M.: Redaktsiia zhurnala Status Praesens, 2014. [in Russian]
37. The European Union Summary Report on antimicrobial resistance in zoonotic and indicator bacteria from humans, animals and food in 2012. Scientific report of EFSA and ECDC. EFSA J 2014; 12 (3): 3590.
38. Strel'tsova O.S., Krupin V.N., Rastorguev G.G. Rol' immunomoduliruiushchei terapii v lechenii i profilaktike obostrenii khronicheskogo tsistita. Urologiia. 2013; 3: 24–8. [in Russian]
39. Haggerty CL, Gottlieb SL, Taylor BD et al. Riskof sequelae after Chlamydia trachomatis genital infection in women. JInfect Dis 2010; 201 (suppl 2): 134–55.
40. LeFevre ML; U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. Screening forchlamydia and gonorrhea: U.S. preventive services task force recommendation statement. Ann Intern Med 2014; 161 (12): 902–10.
41. Oakeshott P, Kerry S, Aghaizu A et al. Randomised controlled trial of screening for Chlamydia trachomatis to prevent pelvic inflammatory disease: the POPI (prevention of pelvic infection) trial. BMJ 2010; 340: 1642.
42. Safronova M.M., Grenkova Iu.M. Narushenie vlagalishchnogo biotsenoza: sovremennye metody korrektsii. Klinicheskaia dermatologiia i venerologiia. 2009; 6: 102–6. [in Russian]
43. Smith KJ, Ness RB, Roberts MS. Hospitalization for pelvic inflammatory disease: a cost-effectiveness analysis. Sex Transm Dis 2007; 34 (2): 108–12, Canadian guide, 2010.
44. Ivardava M.I. Mesto immunomoduliatorov v lechenii ostroi respiratornoi infektsii u chasto boleiushchikh detei. Voprosy sovremennoi pediatrii. 2011; 10 (3): 103–7. [in Russian]
Авторы
И.В.Кузнецова*, Т.Н.Рашидов
ФГБОУ ВО Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М.Сеченова Минздрава России. 119991, Россия, Москва, ул. Трубецкая, д. 8, стр. 2
*ms.smith.ivk@gmail.com
I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. 119991, Russian Federation, Moscow, ul. Trubetskaia, d. 8, str. 2
*ms.smith.ivk@gmail.com
ФГБОУ ВО Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М.Сеченова Минздрава России. 119991, Россия, Москва, ул. Трубецкая, д. 8, стр. 2
*ms.smith.ivk@gmail.com
________________________________________________
I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. 119991, Russian Federation, Moscow, ul. Trubetskaia, d. 8, str. 2
*ms.smith.ivk@gmail.com
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