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Эндометриоз и спаечный процесс: что мы знаем и что можем
Эндометриоз и спаечный процесс: что мы знаем и что можем
Дубровина С.О., Берлим Ю.Д., Александрина А.Д. и др. Эндометриоз и спаечный процесс: что мы знаем и что можем. Гинекология. 2020; 22 (6): 32–37. DOI: 10.26442/20795696.2020.6.200569
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Аннотация
Эндометриоз – заболевание, связанное с воспалительным процессом в брюшной полости, приводящим не только к хронической тазовой боли, но и к спаечному процессу. Частота спаек органов малого таза в первые несколько недель после операции составляет от 25 до 92%. На развитие спаечного процесса влияет ряд факторов, в перечень которых входят степень тяжести эндометриоза, выбор вида хирургического доступа, техника и объем оперативного вмешательства. Образование связанных с эндометриозом спаек может быть предотвращено с помощью совокупности мер, применяемых во время и после оперативного вмешательства. В обзоре литературы представлена оценка степени спаечного процесса, способов его лечения и профилактики у женщин с эндометриозом.
Ключевые слова: эндометриоз, спаечный процесс.
Key words: endometriosis, adhesion process.
Ключевые слова: эндометриоз, спаечный процесс.
________________________________________________
Key words: endometriosis, adhesion process.
Полный текст
Список литературы
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2. Vercellini P, Vigano P, Somigliana E, Fedele L. Endometriosis: pathogenesis and treatment. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2014; 10 (5): 261–75.
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5. Li J, Dai Y, Zhu H et al. Endometriotic mesenchymal stem cells significantly promote fibrogenesis in ovarian endometrioma through the Wnt/b-catenin pathway by paracrine production of TGF-b1 and Wnt1. Hum Reprod 2016; 31 (6): 1224–35.
6. Дубровина С.О., Берлим Ю.Д., Гимбут В.С. и др. Потенциальная роль стволовых клеток в патогенезе эндометриоза. Проблемы репродукции. 2017; 23 (2): 66–71.
[Dubrovina S.O., Berlim Yu.D., Gimbut V.S. et al. Potentsial'naia rol' stvolovykh kletok v patogeneze endometrioza. Problemy reproduktsii. 2017; 23 (2): 66–71 (in Russian).]
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9. Sapkota Y, Low S-K, Attia J et al. Association between endometriosis and the interleukin 1A (IL1A) locus. Hum Reprod 2015; 30: 239–48.
10. Rahmioglu N, Banasik K, Christofidou P et al. Large-scale genome-wide association meta-analysis of endometriosis reveals 13 novel loci and genetically-associated comorbidity with other pain conditions. bioRxiv2018.
11. Li X-X, Gao S-Y, Wang P-Y et al. Reduced expression levels of let-7c in human breast cancer patients. Oncol Lett 2015; 9: 1207–12.
12. Tan M, Luo H, Lee S et al. Identification of 67 histone marks and histone lysine crotonylation as a new type of histone modification. Cell 2011; 146: 1016–28.
13. Koukoura O, Sifakis S, Spandidos DA. DNA methylation in endometriosis (Review). Mol Med Rep 2016; 13: 2939–48.
14. Zubrzycka А, Zubrzycki М, Perdas Е, Zubrzycka М. Genetic, Epigenetic, and Steroidogenic Modulation Mechanisms in Endometriosis. J Clin Med 2020; 9: 1309. DOI: 10.3390/jcm9051309
15. Albertsen HM, Ward K. Genes linked to endometriosis by GWAS are integral to cytoskeleton regulation and suggests that mesothelial barrier homeostasis is a factor in the pathogenesis of endometriosis. Reprod Sci 2017; 24 (6): 803–11. DOI: 10.1177/1933719116660847
16. Demir AY, Groothuis PG, Nap AW et al. Menstrual effluent induces epithelial-mesenchymal transitions in mesothelial cells. Hum Reprod 2004; 19 (1): 21–9.
17. Jin X, Ren S, Macarak E, Rosenbloom J. Pathobiological mechanisms of peritoneal adhesions: The mesenchymal transition of rat peritoneal mesothelial cells induced by TGF-beta1 and IL-6 requires activation of Erk1/2 and Smad2 linker region phosphorylation. Matrix Biol 2016; 51: 55–64.
18. Davis FM, Stewart TA, Thompson EW, Monteith GR. Targeting EMT in cancer: opportunities for pharmacological intervention. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2014; 35 (9): 479–88.
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21. Ahmad G, Kim K, Thompson M еt al. Barrier agents for adhesion prevention a er gynaecological surgery. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2020. Issue 3. Art. No.: CD000475. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD000475.pub4
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24. Alborzi S, Motazedian S, Parsanezhad ME. Chance of adhesion formation after laparoscopic salpingo-ovariolysis: is there a place for second-look laparoscopy? J Am Assoc Gynecol Laparosc 2003; 10: 172–6.
25. Swank DJ, Swank-Bordewijk SC, Hop WC et al. Laparoscopic adhesiolysis in patients with chronic abdominal pain: a blinded randomised controlled multicentre trial. Lancet 2003; 361: 1247–51.
26. Дубровина С.О., Берлим Ю.Д. Гестагены в терапии эндометриоза. Акушерство и гинекология. 2018; 5: 150–4.
[Dubrovina S.O., Berlim Iu.D. Gestageny v terapii endometrioza. Akusherstvo i ginekologiia. 2018; 5: 150–4 (in Russian).]
27. Searchable R, Mabrouk M, Frasca C et al. Long-term oral contraceptive pills and postoperative pain management after laparoscopic excision of ovarian endometrioma: a randomized controlled trial. Fertil Steril 2010; 94: 464–71.
28. Seracchioli R, Mabrouk M, Frasca C et al. Long-term cyclic and continuous oral contraceptive therapy and endometrioma recurrence: a randomized controlled trial. Fertil Steril 2010; 93: 52–6.
29. Ichikawa М, Akira S, Kaseki H еt al. Accuracy and clinical value of an adhesion scoring system: A preoperative diagnostic method using transvaginal ultrasonography for endometriotic adhesion. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2020. DOI: 10.1111/jog.14191
30. Дубровина С.О., Берлим Ю.Д., Гимбут В.С. и др. Менеджмент эндометриом. Гинекология. 2017; 19 (4): 30–5.
[Dubrovina S.O., Berlim Yu.D., Gimbut V.S. et al. Management of endometriomas. Gynecology. 2017; 19 (4): 30–5 (in Russian).]
31. Di Paola V, Manfredi R, Castelli F еt al. Detection and localization of deep endometriosis by means of MRI and correlation with the ENZIAN score. Eur J Radiol 2015; 84: 568–74.
32. Dueholm M, Lundorf E. Transvaginal ultrasound or MRI for diagnosis of adenomyosis. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol 2007; 19: 505–12.
33. Chapron C, Tosti C, Marcellin L et al. Relationship between the magnetic resonance imaging appearance of adenomyosis and endometriosis phenotypes. Hum Reprod 2017; 32: 1393–401.
34. Bazot M, Lafont C, Rouzier R еt al. Diagnostic accuracy of physical examination, transvaginal sonography, rectal endoscopic sonography, and magnetic resonance imaging to diagnose deep infiltrating endometriosis. Fertil Steril 2009; 92: 1825–33.
35. Manganaro L, Vittori G, Vinci V et al. Beyond laparoscopy: 3T magnetic resonance imaging in the evaluation of posterior cul-de-sac obliteration. Magn Reson Imaging 2012; 30: 1432–8.
36. Ahmad G, Thompson M, Kim K еt al. Fluid and pharmacological agents for adhesion prevention after gynaecological surgery. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2020. Issue 7. Art. No.: CD001298. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD001298.pub5
37. Leonardi M, Gibbons T, Armour M еt al. When to Do Surgery and When Not to Do Surgery for Endometriosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2020; 27 (2): 390–407e3. DOI: 10.1016/j.jmig.2019.10.014
38. Дубровина С.О. Современные представления о спаечном процессе. Доктор.Ру. 2016; 3 (120): 34–8.
[Dubrovina S.O. Sovremennye predstavleniia o spaechnom protsesse. Doktor.Ru. 2016; 3 (120): 34–8 (in Russian).]
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[Iarmolinskaia M.I., Durneva U.I., Sel'kov S.A. Immunomoduliator Longidaza v kombinirovannom lechenii naruzhnogo genital'nogo endometrioza. Zhurn. akusherstva i zhenskikh boleznei. 2016; 45: 76–7 (in Russian).]
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[Sulima A.N., Davydova A.A., Rybalka A.N. et al. Features of the prevention and treatment of adhesions in patients with chronic inflammatory diseases of the pelvic organs. Gynecology. 2018; 20 (1): 62–7 (in Russian).]
2. Vercellini P, Vigano P, Somigliana E, Fedele L. Endometriosis: pathogenesis and treatment. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2014; 10 (5): 261–75.
3. Jerman LF, Hey-Cunningham AJ. The role of the lymphatic system in endometriosis: a comprehensive review of the literature. Biol Reprod 2015; 92 (3): 64.
4. Yoshida K, Yoshihara K, Adachi S et al. Possible involvement of the E-cadherin gene in genetic susceptibility to endometriosis. Hum Reprod 2012; 27: 1685–9.
5. Li J, Dai Y, Zhu H et al. Endometriotic mesenchymal stem cells significantly promote fibrogenesis in ovarian endometrioma through the Wnt/b-catenin pathway by paracrine production of TGF-b1 and Wnt1. Hum Reprod 2016; 31 (6): 1224–35.
6. Dubrovina S.O., Berlim Yu.D., Gimbut V.S. et al. Potentsial'naia rol' stvolovykh kletok v patogeneze endometrioza. Problemy reproduktsii. 2017; 23 (2): 66–71 (in Russian).
7. Liu Y, Liang S, Yang F еt al. Biological characteristics of endometriotic mesenchymal stem cells isolated from ectopic lesions of patients with endometriosis. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11: 346. DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-01856-8
8. Zondervan KT, Rahmioglu N, Morris AP еt al. Beyond Endometriosis Genome-Wide Association Study: From Genomics to Phenomics to the Patient. Semin Reprod Med 2016; 34: 242–54.
9. Sapkota Y, Low S-K, Attia J et al. Association between endometriosis and the interleukin 1A (IL1A) locus. Hum Reprod 2015; 30: 239–48.
10. Rahmioglu N, Banasik K, Christofidou P et al. Large-scale genome-wide association meta-analysis of endometriosis reveals 13 novel loci and genetically-associated comorbidity with other pain conditions. bioRxiv2018.
11. Li X-X, Gao S-Y, Wang P-Y et al. Reduced expression levels of let-7c in human breast cancer patients. Oncol Lett 2015; 9: 1207–12.
12. Tan M, Luo H, Lee S et al. Identification of 67 histone marks and histone lysine crotonylation as a new type of histone modification. Cell 2011; 146: 1016–28.
13. Koukoura O, Sifakis S, Spandidos DA. DNA methylation in endometriosis (Review). Mol Med Rep 2016; 13: 2939–48.
14. Zubrzycka А, Zubrzycki М, Perdas Е, Zubrzycka М. Genetic, Epigenetic, and Steroidogenic Modulation Mechanisms in Endometriosis. J Clin Med 2020; 9: 1309. DOI: 10.3390/jcm9051309
15. Albertsen HM, Ward K. Genes linked to endometriosis by GWAS are integral to cytoskeleton regulation and suggests that mesothelial barrier homeostasis is a factor in the pathogenesis of endometriosis. Reprod Sci 2017; 24 (6): 803–11. DOI: 10.1177/1933719116660847
16. Demir AY, Groothuis PG, Nap AW et al. Menstrual effluent induces epithelial-mesenchymal transitions in mesothelial cells. Hum Reprod 2004; 19 (1): 21–9.
17. Jin X, Ren S, Macarak E, Rosenbloom J. Pathobiological mechanisms of peritoneal adhesions: The mesenchymal transition of rat peritoneal mesothelial cells induced by TGF-beta1 and IL-6 requires activation of Erk1/2 and Smad2 linker region phosphorylation. Matrix Biol 2016; 51: 55–64.
18. Davis FM, Stewart TA, Thompson EW, Monteith GR. Targeting EMT in cancer: opportunities for pharmacological intervention. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2014; 35 (9): 479–88.
19. Somigliana E, Vigano P, Benaglia L еt al. Adhesion Prevention in Endometriosis: A Neglected Critical Challenge. J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2012; 19: 415–21.
20. Imai A, Suzuki N. Topical non-barrier agents for postoperative adhesion prevention in animal models. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2010; 149: 131–5.
21. Ahmad G, Kim K, Thompson M еt al. Barrier agents for adhesion prevention a er gynaecological surgery. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2020. Issue 3. Art. No.: CD000475. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD000475.pub4
22. Davey AK, Maher PJ. Surgical adhesions: a timely update, a great challenge for the future. J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2007; 14: 15–22.
23. Okabayashi K, Ashrafian H, Zacharakis E et al. Adhesions a er abdominal surgery: a systematic review of the incidence, distribution and severity. Surgery Today 2014; 44: 405–20. PUBMED: 23657643
24. Alborzi S, Motazedian S, Parsanezhad ME. Chance of adhesion formation after laparoscopic salpingo-ovariolysis: is there a place for second-look laparoscopy? J Am Assoc Gynecol Laparosc 2003; 10: 172–6.
25. Swank DJ, Swank-Bordewijk SC, Hop WC et al. Laparoscopic adhesiolysis in patients with chronic abdominal pain: a blinded randomised controlled multicentre trial. Lancet 2003; 361: 1247–51.
26. Dubrovina S.O., Berlim Iu.D. Gestageny v terapii endometrioza. Akusherstvo i ginekologiia. 2018; 5: 150–4 (in Russian).
27. Searchable R, Mabrouk M, Frasca C et al. Long-term oral contraceptive pills and postoperative pain management after laparoscopic excision of ovarian endometrioma: a randomized controlled trial. Fertil Steril 2010; 94: 464–71.
28. Seracchioli R, Mabrouk M, Frasca C et al. Long-term cyclic and continuous oral contraceptive therapy and endometrioma recurrence: a randomized controlled trial. Fertil Steril 2010; 93: 52–6.
29. Ichikawa М, Akira S, Kaseki H еt al. Accuracy and clinical value of an adhesion scoring system: A preoperative diagnostic method using transvaginal ultrasonography for endometriotic adhesion. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2020. DOI: 10.1111/jog.14191
30. Dubrovina S.O., Berlim Yu.D., Gimbut V.S. et al. Management of endometriomas. Gynecology. 2017; 19 (4): 30–5 (in Russian).
31. Di Paola V, Manfredi R, Castelli F еt al. Detection and localization of deep endometriosis by means of MRI and correlation with the ENZIAN score. Eur J Radiol 2015; 84: 568–74.
32. Dueholm M, Lundorf E. Transvaginal ultrasound or MRI for diagnosis of adenomyosis. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol 2007; 19: 505–12.
33. Chapron C, Tosti C, Marcellin L et al. Relationship between the magnetic resonance imaging appearance of adenomyosis and endometriosis phenotypes. Hum Reprod 2017; 32: 1393–401.
34. Bazot M, Lafont C, Rouzier R еt al. Diagnostic accuracy of physical examination, transvaginal sonography, rectal endoscopic sonography, and magnetic resonance imaging to diagnose deep infiltrating endometriosis. Fertil Steril 2009; 92: 1825–33.
35. Manganaro L, Vittori G, Vinci V et al. Beyond laparoscopy: 3T magnetic resonance imaging in the evaluation of posterior cul-de-sac obliteration. Magn Reson Imaging 2012; 30: 1432–8.
36. Ahmad G, Thompson M, Kim K еt al. Fluid and pharmacological agents for adhesion prevention after gynaecological surgery. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2020. Issue 7. Art. No.: CD001298. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD001298.pub5
37. Leonardi M, Gibbons T, Armour M еt al. When to Do Surgery and When Not to Do Surgery for Endometriosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2020; 27 (2): 390–407e3. DOI: 10.1016/j.jmig.2019.10.014
38. Dubrovina S.O. Sovremennye predstavleniia o spaechnom protsesse. Doktor.Ru. 2016; 3 (120): 34–8 (in Russian).
39. Iarmolinskaia M.I., Durneva U.I., Sel'kov S.A. Immunomoduliator Longidaza v kombinirovannom lechenii naruzhnogo genital'nogo endometrioza. Zhurn. akusherstva i zhenskikh boleznei. 2016; 45: 76–7 (in Russian).
40. Sulima A.N., Davydova A.A., Rybalka A.N. et al. Features of the prevention and treatment of adhesions in patients with chronic inflammatory diseases of the pelvic organs. Gynecology. 2018; 20 (1): 62–7 (in Russian).
2. Vercellini P, Vigano P, Somigliana E, Fedele L. Endometriosis: pathogenesis and treatment. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2014; 10 (5): 261–75.
3. Jerman LF, Hey-Cunningham AJ. The role of the lymphatic system in endometriosis: a comprehensive review of the literature. Biol Reprod 2015; 92 (3): 64.
4. Yoshida K, Yoshihara K, Adachi S et al. Possible involvement of the E-cadherin gene in genetic susceptibility to endometriosis. Hum Reprod 2012; 27: 1685–9.
5. Li J, Dai Y, Zhu H et al. Endometriotic mesenchymal stem cells significantly promote fibrogenesis in ovarian endometrioma through the Wnt/b-catenin pathway by paracrine production of TGF-b1 and Wnt1. Hum Reprod 2016; 31 (6): 1224–35.
6. Дубровина С.О., Берлим Ю.Д., Гимбут В.С. и др. Потенциальная роль стволовых клеток в патогенезе эндометриоза. Проблемы репродукции. 2017; 23 (2): 66–71.
[Dubrovina S.O., Berlim Yu.D., Gimbut V.S. et al. Potentsial'naia rol' stvolovykh kletok v patogeneze endometrioza. Problemy reproduktsii. 2017; 23 (2): 66–71 (in Russian).]
7. Liu Y, Liang S, Yang F еt al. Biological characteristics of endometriotic mesenchymal stem cells isolated from ectopic lesions of patients with endometriosis. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11: 346. DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-01856-8
8. Zondervan KT, Rahmioglu N, Morris AP еt al. Beyond Endometriosis Genome-Wide Association Study: From Genomics to Phenomics to the Patient. Semin Reprod Med 2016; 34: 242–54.
9. Sapkota Y, Low S-K, Attia J et al. Association between endometriosis and the interleukin 1A (IL1A) locus. Hum Reprod 2015; 30: 239–48.
10. Rahmioglu N, Banasik K, Christofidou P et al. Large-scale genome-wide association meta-analysis of endometriosis reveals 13 novel loci and genetically-associated comorbidity with other pain conditions. bioRxiv2018.
11. Li X-X, Gao S-Y, Wang P-Y et al. Reduced expression levels of let-7c in human breast cancer patients. Oncol Lett 2015; 9: 1207–12.
12. Tan M, Luo H, Lee S et al. Identification of 67 histone marks and histone lysine crotonylation as a new type of histone modification. Cell 2011; 146: 1016–28.
13. Koukoura O, Sifakis S, Spandidos DA. DNA methylation in endometriosis (Review). Mol Med Rep 2016; 13: 2939–48.
14. Zubrzycka А, Zubrzycki М, Perdas Е, Zubrzycka М. Genetic, Epigenetic, and Steroidogenic Modulation Mechanisms in Endometriosis. J Clin Med 2020; 9: 1309. DOI: 10.3390/jcm9051309
15. Albertsen HM, Ward K. Genes linked to endometriosis by GWAS are integral to cytoskeleton regulation and suggests that mesothelial barrier homeostasis is a factor in the pathogenesis of endometriosis. Reprod Sci 2017; 24 (6): 803–11. DOI: 10.1177/1933719116660847
16. Demir AY, Groothuis PG, Nap AW et al. Menstrual effluent induces epithelial-mesenchymal transitions in mesothelial cells. Hum Reprod 2004; 19 (1): 21–9.
17. Jin X, Ren S, Macarak E, Rosenbloom J. Pathobiological mechanisms of peritoneal adhesions: The mesenchymal transition of rat peritoneal mesothelial cells induced by TGF-beta1 and IL-6 requires activation of Erk1/2 and Smad2 linker region phosphorylation. Matrix Biol 2016; 51: 55–64.
18. Davis FM, Stewart TA, Thompson EW, Monteith GR. Targeting EMT in cancer: opportunities for pharmacological intervention. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2014; 35 (9): 479–88.
19. Somigliana E, Vigano P, Benaglia L еt al. Adhesion Prevention in Endometriosis: A Neglected Critical Challenge. J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2012; 19: 415–21.
20. Imai A, Suzuki N. Topical non-barrier agents for postoperative adhesion prevention in animal models. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2010; 149: 131–5.
21. Ahmad G, Kim K, Thompson M еt al. Barrier agents for adhesion prevention a er gynaecological surgery. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2020. Issue 3. Art. No.: CD000475. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD000475.pub4
22. Davey AK, Maher PJ. Surgical adhesions: a timely update, a great challenge for the future. J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2007; 14: 15–22.
23. Okabayashi K, Ashrafian H, Zacharakis E et al. Adhesions a er abdominal surgery: a systematic review of the incidence, distribution and severity. Surgery Today 2014; 44: 405–20. PUBMED: 23657643
24. Alborzi S, Motazedian S, Parsanezhad ME. Chance of adhesion formation after laparoscopic salpingo-ovariolysis: is there a place for second-look laparoscopy? J Am Assoc Gynecol Laparosc 2003; 10: 172–6.
25. Swank DJ, Swank-Bordewijk SC, Hop WC et al. Laparoscopic adhesiolysis in patients with chronic abdominal pain: a blinded randomised controlled multicentre trial. Lancet 2003; 361: 1247–51.
26. Дубровина С.О., Берлим Ю.Д. Гестагены в терапии эндометриоза. Акушерство и гинекология. 2018; 5: 150–4.
[Dubrovina S.O., Berlim Iu.D. Gestageny v terapii endometrioza. Akusherstvo i ginekologiia. 2018; 5: 150–4 (in Russian).]
27. Searchable R, Mabrouk M, Frasca C et al. Long-term oral contraceptive pills and postoperative pain management after laparoscopic excision of ovarian endometrioma: a randomized controlled trial. Fertil Steril 2010; 94: 464–71.
28. Seracchioli R, Mabrouk M, Frasca C et al. Long-term cyclic and continuous oral contraceptive therapy and endometrioma recurrence: a randomized controlled trial. Fertil Steril 2010; 93: 52–6.
29. Ichikawa М, Akira S, Kaseki H еt al. Accuracy and clinical value of an adhesion scoring system: A preoperative diagnostic method using transvaginal ultrasonography for endometriotic adhesion. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2020. DOI: 10.1111/jog.14191
30. Дубровина С.О., Берлим Ю.Д., Гимбут В.С. и др. Менеджмент эндометриом. Гинекология. 2017; 19 (4): 30–5.
[Dubrovina S.O., Berlim Yu.D., Gimbut V.S. et al. Management of endometriomas. Gynecology. 2017; 19 (4): 30–5 (in Russian).]
31. Di Paola V, Manfredi R, Castelli F еt al. Detection and localization of deep endometriosis by means of MRI and correlation with the ENZIAN score. Eur J Radiol 2015; 84: 568–74.
32. Dueholm M, Lundorf E. Transvaginal ultrasound or MRI for diagnosis of adenomyosis. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol 2007; 19: 505–12.
33. Chapron C, Tosti C, Marcellin L et al. Relationship between the magnetic resonance imaging appearance of adenomyosis and endometriosis phenotypes. Hum Reprod 2017; 32: 1393–401.
34. Bazot M, Lafont C, Rouzier R еt al. Diagnostic accuracy of physical examination, transvaginal sonography, rectal endoscopic sonography, and magnetic resonance imaging to diagnose deep infiltrating endometriosis. Fertil Steril 2009; 92: 1825–33.
35. Manganaro L, Vittori G, Vinci V et al. Beyond laparoscopy: 3T magnetic resonance imaging in the evaluation of posterior cul-de-sac obliteration. Magn Reson Imaging 2012; 30: 1432–8.
36. Ahmad G, Thompson M, Kim K еt al. Fluid and pharmacological agents for adhesion prevention after gynaecological surgery. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2020. Issue 7. Art. No.: CD001298. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD001298.pub5
37. Leonardi M, Gibbons T, Armour M еt al. When to Do Surgery and When Not to Do Surgery for Endometriosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2020; 27 (2): 390–407e3. DOI: 10.1016/j.jmig.2019.10.014
38. Дубровина С.О. Современные представления о спаечном процессе. Доктор.Ру. 2016; 3 (120): 34–8.
[Dubrovina S.O. Sovremennye predstavleniia o spaechnom protsesse. Doktor.Ru. 2016; 3 (120): 34–8 (in Russian).]
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Авторы
С.О. Дубровина*, Ю.Д. Берлим, А.Д. Александрина, Д.Ю. Богунова, М.Н. Лесной
ФГБОУ ВО «Ростовский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России, Ростов-на-Дону, Россия
*s.dubrovina@gmail.com
Rostov State Medical University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia
*s.dubrovina@gmail.com
ФГБОУ ВО «Ростовский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России, Ростов-на-Дону, Россия
*s.dubrovina@gmail.com
________________________________________________
Rostov State Medical University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia
*s.dubrovina@gmail.com
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