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Реальная клиническая практика и контрацепция для молодых женщин с детьми
Реальная клиническая практика и контрацепция для молодых женщин с детьми
Аганезова Н.В., Аганезов С.С. Реальная клиническая практика и контрацепция для молодых женщин с детьми. Гинекология. 2021; 23 (1): 25–32. DOI: 10.26442/20795696.2021.1.200629
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Аннотация
В обзоре представлены психосоциальные характеристики молодых женщин современного поколения миллениалов и данные опросов в отношении их требований к гормональным контрацептивным средствам. Проанализированы результаты рандомизированных клинических исследований и исследований реальной практики использования комбинированного орального контрацептива (КОК) Клайра®, содержащего эстрадиола валерат и диеногест (Э2В/ДНГ) в динамическом режиме дозирования, в которых выявлены и подтверждены надежность контрацептивного эффекта препарата, восстановление фертильности на популяционном уровне после отмены средства, его минимальное влияние на метаболизм и сниженный риск сердечно-сосудистых осложнений (венозных и артериальных тромбозов) при использовании КОК Клайра® по сравнению с другими КОК. Доказано отсутствие отрицательного влияния КОК Э2В/ДНГ на массу тела, сексуальную функцию и микробиоценоз влагалища у большинства женщин. Приведены данные об удовлетворительных характеристиках менструальноподобных кровотечений (более легких и коротких) у пользователей КОК Клайра® и уменьшении симптомов, связанных с безгормональным интервалом, которые нередко возникают при приеме других КОК в режиме 21/7. Благоприятный профиль эффективности и безопасности КОК Э2В/ДНГ в реальных условиях, преимущества эстрогена, биоидентичного эндогенному, в составе препарата, режим дозирования 26/2, позитивное влияние на образ жизни определяют значительную удовлетворенность молодых женщин, в том числе молодых женщин с детьми, и возможность использовать препарат длительно вплоть до менопаузы.
Ключевые слова: молодые женщины с детьми, поколение миллениалов, комбинированные оральные контрацептивы, эстрадиола валерат, диеногест, Клайра
Keywords: young women with children, millennials generation, combined oral contraceptives, estradiol valerate, dienogest, Qlaira
Ключевые слова: молодые женщины с детьми, поколение миллениалов, комбинированные оральные контрацептивы, эстрадиола валерат, диеногест, Клайра
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Keywords: young women with children, millennials generation, combined oral contraceptives, estradiol valerate, dienogest, Qlaira
Полный текст
Список литературы
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DOI: 10.1186/s40834-018-0064-y
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37. De Seta F, Restaino S, Banco R et al. Effects of estroprostins containing natural estrogen on vaginal flora. Gynecol Endocrinol 2014; 30 (11): 830–5.
38. Jensen JT et al. Hormone withdrawal-associated symptoms: comparison of oestradiol valerate/dienogest versus ethinylestradiol/norgestimate. Eur J Contracept Reprod Health Care 2013; 18: 274–83. DOI: 10.3109/13625187.2013.785516
39. Macìas G et al. Effects of a combined oral contraceptive containing oestradiol valerate/dienogest on hormone withdrawal-associated symptoms: results from the multicentre, randomised, double-blind, active-controlled HARMONY II study. J Obstet Gynaecol 2013; 33: 591–6. DOI: 10.3109/01443615.2013.800851
40. Fruzzetti F et al. An overview of the development of combined oral contraceptives containing estradiol: focus on estradiol valerate/dienogest. Gynecol Endocrinol 2012; 28 (5): 400–8. DOI: 10.3109/09513590.2012.662547
41. Nappi RE et al. Effect of a contraceptive pill containing estradiol valerate and dienogest (E2V/DNG) in women with menstrually-related migraine (MRM). Contraception 2013; 8: 369–75. DOI: 10.1016/j.contraception.2013.02.001
42. Graziottin A. The shorter, the better: A review of the evidence for a shorter contraceptive hormone-free interval. Eur J Contracept Reprod Health Care 2016; 21 (2): 93–105. DOI: 10.3109/13625187.2015.1077380
2. Rudolph CW, Rauvola RS, Costanza DP, Zacher H. Generations and Generational Differences: Debunking Myths in Organizational Science and Practice and Paving New Paths Forward. J Bus Psychol 2020; 1–23. DOI: 10.1007/s10869-020-09715-2
3. Piper LE. Generation Y in healthcare: leading millennials in an era of reform. Front Health Serv Manage. 2012; 29 (1): 16–28.
4. Sokolova N. Generation Ygrek. Profile. 2010; 34. Available at: http://web.archive.org/web/20101127131552/http://profile.ru/items/?item=30843 (in Russian)
5. Samarin A.V., Mekhrishvili L.L. Health in the system of life values of student youth: on the results of sociological research. International Scientific Research Journal. 2017; 1 (Part 3): 151–4 (in Russian)
6. Ageeva L.I., Alexandrova G.A., Zaichenko N.M. et al. Health care in Russia. 2019. Statistical collection. Moscow, 2019 (in Russian)
7. Aganezova N.V., Aganezov S.S., Gugalo N.V. Contraception: awareness and choice of young users. Gynecology. 2020; 22 (6): 50–5 (in Russian) DOI: 10.26442/20795696.2020.6.200506
8. WHO. Contraception. World Health Organization Evidence Brief, 2017. Available at: https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/329884/
WHO-RHR-19.18-eng.pdf?ua=1
9. Dikke G.B. Needs, expectations and doubt users of hormonal contraceptives. Gynecology. 2020; 22 (1): 33–7 (in Russian) DOI: 10.26442/20795696.2020.1.200044
10. WHO. Medical eligibility criteria for contraceptive use. Fifth edition, 2015. Available at: https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/181468/9789241549158_eng.pdf?sequence=9
11. Fait T et al. Needs and preferences of women users of oral contraceptives in selected countries in Central and Eastern Europe. Drugs Context 2018; 7. DOI: 10.7573/dic.212510
12. Ahrendt HJ, Makalová D, Mellinger U, Mansour D. Bleeding pattern and cycle control with an estradiol-based oral contraceptive: a seven-cycle, randomized comparative trial of estradiol valerate/dienogest and ethinyl estradiol/levonorgestrel. Contraception 2009; 80: 436–44.
13. Dinger J, Möhner S, Heinemann K. Impact of estrogen type on cardiovascular safety of combined oral contraceptives. Comparative Study. Contraception 2016; 94 (4): 328–39.
14. Dinger J, Möhner S, Heinemann K. Combined oral contraceptives containing dienogest and estradiol valerate may carry a lower risk of venous and arterial thromboembolism compared to conventional preparations: Results from the extended INAS-SCORE study. Front Womens Health 2020; 5. DOI: 10.15761/FWH.1000178
15. Barnett C et al. Unintended pregnancy rates differ according to combined oral contraceptive – results from the INAS-SCORE study. Eur J Contracept Reprod Health Care 2019; 24 (4): 247–50. DOI: 10.1080/13625187.2019.1629412
16. Barnett C et al. Fertility and combined oral contraceptives – unintended pregnancies and planned pregnancies following oral contraceptive use – results from the INAS-SCORE study. Eur J Contracept Reprod Health Care 2017; 22 (1): 17–23. DOI: 10.1080/13625187.2016.1241991
17. Aktual'naia instruktsiia po meditsinskomu primeneniiu lekarstvennogo preparata Klaira® №LP-000010 ot 29.11.2019 (in Russian)
18. Sitruk-Ware R, Narh A. Characteristics and metabolic effects of estrogen and progestins contained in oral contraceptive pills. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 2013; 27: 13–24. DOI: 10.1016/j.beem.2012.09.004
19. Junge W et al. Metabolic and haemostatic effects of estradiol valerate/dienogest, a novel oral contraceptive: a randomized, open-label, single-centre study. Randomized Controlled Trial. Clin Drug Investig 2011; 31 (8): 573–84. DOI: 10.2165/11590220-000000000-00000
20. Klipping C et al. Hemostatic effects of a novel estradiol-based oral contraceptive: an open-label, randomized, crossover study of estradiol valerate/dienogest versus ethinylestradiol/levonorgestrel. Randomized Controlled Trial. Drugs R D 2011; 11: 159–70. DOI: 10.2165/11591200-000000000-00000
21. Grandi G et al. Modification of body composition and metabolism during oral contraceptives containing non-androgenic progestins in association with estradiol or ethinyl estradiol. Observational Study. Gynecol Endocrinol 2014; 30 (9): 676–80. DOI: 10.3109/09513590.2014.922947
22. Mezhevitinova E.A., Burlev V.A., Nabieva K.R. et al. Comprehensive assessment of the efficacy, tolerance and safety of the third generation combined hormonal contraceptive. Medical Advice. 2015; 9 (in Russian)
23. Dovletkhanova E.R., Prilepskaya V.N. Estradiol valerate and dienogest in hormonal contraception. Acceptability and effectiveness in real clinical practice. Medical Advice. 2018; 1 (in Russian)
24. Grandi G et al. Prospective measurement of blood pressure and heart rate over 24 h in women using combined oral contraceptives with estradiol. Contraception 2014; 90 (5): 529–34. DOI: 10.1016/j.contraception.2014.05.011
25. Girum T, Wasie A. Return of fertility after discontinuation of contraception: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Contracept Reprod Med 2018; 3: 9.
DOI: 10.1186/s40834-018-0064-y
26. Briggs P et al. Continuation rates, bleeding profile acceptability, and satisfaction of women using an oral contraceptive pill containing estradiol valerate and dienogest versus a progestogen-only pill after switching from an ethinylestradiol-containing pill in a real-life setting: results of the CONTENT study. Int J Womens Health 2016; 8: 477–87. DOI: 10.2147/IJWH.S107586
27. Mansour D. International survey to assess women's attitudes regarding choice of daily versus nondaily female hormonal contraception. Int J Womens Health 2014; 6: 367–75. DOI: 10.2147/IJWH.S59059
28. Nelson A et al. Efficacy and bleeding profile of a combined oral contraceptive containing oestradiol valerate/dienogest: a pooled analysis of three studies conducted in North America and Europe. Eur J Contracept Reprod Health Care 2013; 18 (4): 264–73. DOI: 10.3109/13625187.2013.780202
29. Pastor Z et al. The influence of combined oral contraceptives on female sexual desire: a systematic review. Eur J Contracept Reprod Health Care 2013; 18 (1): 27–43. DOI: 10.3109/13625187.2012.728643
30. Malmborg A, Persson E, Brynhildsen J, Hammar M. Hormonal contraception and sexual desire: A questionnaire-based study of young Swedish women. Eur J Contracept Reprod Health Care 2016; 21 (2): 158–67. DOI: 10.3109/13625187.2015.1079609
31. Higgins JA, Wright KQ, Turok DK, Sanders JN. Beyond safety and efficacy: sexuality-related priorities and their associations with contraceptive method selection. Contraception: X 2020; 2: 100038. DOI: 10.1016/j.conx.2020.100038
32. Burrows LJ, Basha M, Goldstein AT. The effects of hormonal contraceptives on female sexuality: a review. J Sex Med 2012; 9 (9): 2213–23.
33. Caruso S et al. Preliminary Study on the Effect of Four-phasic Estradiol Valerate and Dienogest (E2V/DNG) Oral Contraceptive on the Quality of Sexual Life. Sex Med 2011; 8: 2841–50.
34. Davis SR et al. J Change to either a nonandrogenic or androgenic progestin-containing oral contraceptive preparation is associated with improved sexual function in women with oral contraceptive-associated sexual dysfunction. Sex Med 2013; 10: 3069–79. DOI: 10.1111/jsm.12310
35. Spear GT, French AL, Gilbert D et al. Human alpha-amylase present in lower-genital-tract mucosal fluid processes glycogen to support vaginal colonization by Lactobacillus. J Infect Dis 2014; 210 (7): 1019–28.
36. Vodstrcil LA, Hocking JS, Law M et al. Hormonal Contraception Is Associated with a Reduced Risk of Bacterial Vaginosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. PLoS ONE 2013; 8 (9): e73055.
37. De Seta F, Restaino S, Banco R et al. Effects of estroprostins containing natural estrogen on vaginal flora. Gynecol Endocrinol 2014; 30 (11): 830–5.
38. Jensen JT et al. Hormone withdrawal-associated symptoms: comparison of oestradiol valerate/dienogest versus ethinylestradiol/norgestimate. Eur J Contracept Reprod Health Care 2013; 18: 274–83. DOI: 10.3109/13625187.2013.785516
39. Macìas G et al. Effects of a combined oral contraceptive containing oestradiol valerate/dienogest on hormone withdrawal-associated symptoms: results from the multicentre, randomised, double-blind, active-controlled HARMONY II study. J Obstet Gynaecol 2013; 33: 591–6. DOI: 10.3109/01443615.2013.800851
40. Fruzzetti F et al. An overview of the development of combined oral contraceptives containing estradiol: focus on estradiol valerate/dienogest. Gynecol Endocrinol 2012; 28 (5): 400–8. DOI: 10.3109/09513590.2012.662547
41. Nappi RE et al. Effect of a contraceptive pill containing estradiol valerate and dienogest (E2V/DNG) in women with menstrually-related migraine (MRM). Contraception 2013; 8: 369–75. DOI: 10.1016/j.contraception.2013.02.001
42. Graziottin A. The shorter, the better: A review of the evidence for a shorter contraceptive hormone-free interval. Eur J Contracept Reprod Health Care 2016; 21 (2): 93–105. DOI: 10.3109/13625187.2015.1077380
2. Rudolph CW, Rauvola RS, Costanza DP, Zacher H. Generations and Generational Differences: Debunking Myths in Organizational Science and Practice and Paving New Paths Forward. J Bus Psychol 2020; 1–23. DOI: 10.1007/s10869-020-09715-2
3. Piper LE. Generation Y in healthcare: leading millennials in an era of reform. Front Health Serv Manage. 2012; 29 (1): 16–28.
4. Соколова Н. Поколение Игрек. Профиль. 2010; 34. Режим доступа: http://web.archive.org/web/20101127131552/http://profile.ru/items/?item=30843 [Sokolova N. Generation Ygrek. Profile. 2010; 34. Available at: http://web.archive.org/web/20101127131552/http://profile.ru/items/?item=30843 (in Russian)].
5. Самарин А.В., Мехришвили Л.Л. Здоровье в системе жизненных ценностей студенческой молодежи: по результатам социологического исследования. Международный научно-исследовательский журнал. 2017; 1 (ч. 3): 151–4 [Samarin A.V., Mekhrishvili L.L. Health in the system of life values of student youth: on the results of sociological research. International Scientific Research Journal. 2017; 1 (Part 3): 151–4 (in Russian)].
6. Агеева Л.И., Александрова Г.А., Зайченко Н.М. и др. Здравоохранение в России. 2019. Статистический сборник. М., 2019 [Ageeva L.I., Alexandrova G.A., Zaichenko N.M. et al. Health care in Russia. 2019. Statistical collection. Moscow, 2019 (in Russian)].
7. Аганезова Н.В., Аганезов С.С., Гугало Т.В. Контрацепция: осведомленность и выбор молодых пользователей. Гинекология. 2020; 22 (6): 50–5 [Aganezova N.V., Aganezov S.S., Gugalo N.V. Contraception: awareness and choice of young users. Gynecology. 2020; 22 (6): 50–5 (in Russian)]. DOI: 10.26442/20795696.2020.6.200506
8. WHO. Contraception. World Health Organization Evidence Brief, 2017. Available at: https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/329884/
WHO-RHR-19.18-eng.pdf?ua=1
9. Дикке Г.Б. Потребности, ожидания и сомнения у пользователей гормональными контрацептивами. Гинекология. 2020; 22 (1): 33–7 [Dikke G.B. Needs, expectations and doubt users of hormonal contraceptives. Gynecology. 2020; 22 (1): 33–7 (in Russian)]. DOI: 10.26442/20795696.2020.1.200044
10. WHO. Medical eligibility criteria for contraceptive use. Fifth edition, 2015. Available at: https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/
10665/181468/9789241549158_eng.pdf?sequence=9
11. Fait T et al. Needs and preferences of women users of oral contraceptives in selected countries in Central and Eastern Europe. Drugs Context 2018; 7. DOI: 10.7573/dic.212510
12. Ahrendt HJ, Makalová D, Mellinger U, Mansour D. Bleeding pattern and cycle control with an estradiol-based oral contraceptive: a seven-cycle, randomized comparative trial of estradiol valerate/dienogest and ethinyl estradiol/levonorgestrel. Contraception 2009; 80: 436–44.
13. Dinger J, Möhner S, Heinemann K. Impact of estrogen type on cardiovascular safety of combined oral contraceptives. Comparative Study. Contraception 2016; 94 (4): 328–39.
14. Dinger J, Möhner S, Heinemann K. Combined oral contraceptives containing dienogest and estradiol valerate may carry a lower risk of venous and arterial thromboembolism compared to conventional preparations: Results from the extended INAS-SCORE study. Front Womens Health 2020; 5. DOI: 10.15761/FWH.1000178
15. Barnett C et al. Unintended pregnancy rates differ according to combined oral contraceptive – results from the INAS-SCORE study. Eur J Contracept Reprod Health Care 2019; 24 (4): 247–50. DOI: 10.1080/13625187.2019.1629412
16. Barnett C et al. Fertility and combined oral contraceptives – unintended pregnancies and planned pregnancies following oral contraceptive use – results from the INAS-SCORE study. Eur J Contracept Reprod Health Care 2017; 22 (1): 17–23. DOI: 10.1080/13625187.2016.1241991
17. Актуальная инструкция по медицинскому применению лекарственного препарата Клайра® №ЛП-000010 от 29.11.2019 [Aktual'naia instruktsiia po meditsinskomu primeneniiu lekarstvennogo preparata Klaira® №LP-000010 ot 29.11.2019 (in Russian)].
18. Sitruk-Ware R, Narh A. Characteristics and metabolic effects of estrogen and progestins contained in oral contraceptive pills. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 2013; 27: 13–24. DOI: 10.1016/j.beem.2012.09.004
19. Junge W et al. Metabolic and haemostatic effects of estradiol valerate/dienogest, a novel oral contraceptive: a randomized, open-label, single-centre study. Randomized Controlled Trial. Clin Drug Investig 2011; 31 (8): 573–84. DOI: 10.2165/11590220-000000000-00000
20. Klipping C et al. Hemostatic effects of a novel estradiol-based oral contraceptive: an open-label, randomized, crossover study of estradiol valerate/dienogest versus ethinylestradiol/levonorgestrel. Randomized Controlled Trial. Drugs R D 2011; 11: 159–70. DOI: 10.2165/11591200-000000000-00000
21. Grandi G et al. Modification of body composition and metabolism during oral contraceptives containing non-androgenic progestins in association with estradiol or ethinyl estradiol. Observational Study. Gynecol Endocrinol 2014; 30 (9): 676–80. DOI: 10.3109/09513590.2014.922947
22. Межевитинова Е.А., Бурлев В.А., Набиева К.Р. и др. Комплексная оценка эффективности, переносимости и безопасности комбинированного гормонального контрацептива третьего поколения. Медицинский совет. 2015; 9 [Mezhevitinova E.A., Burlev V.A., Nabieva K.R. et al. Comprehensive assessment of the efficacy, tolerance and safety of the third generation combined hormonal contraceptive. Medical Advice. 2015; 9 (in Russian)].
23. Довлетханова Э.Р., Прилепская В.Н. Эстрадиола валерат и диеногест в гормональной контрацепции. Приемлемость и эффективность в реальной клинической практике. Медицинский совет. 2018; 1 [Dovletkhanova E.R., Prilepskaya V.N. Estradiol valerate and dienogest in hormonal contraception. Acceptability and effectiveness in real clinical practice. Medical Advice. 2018; 1 (in Russian)].
24. Grandi G et al. Prospective measurement of blood pressure and heart rate over 24 h in women using combined oral contraceptives with estradiol. Contraception 2014; 90 (5): 529–34. DOI: 10.1016/j.contraception.2014.05.011
25. Girum T, Wasie A. Return of fertility after discontinuation of contraception: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Contracept Reprod Med 2018; 3: 9.
DOI: 10.1186/s40834-018-0064-y
26. Briggs P et al. Continuation rates, bleeding profile acceptability, and satisfaction of women using an oral contraceptive pill containing estradiol valerate and dienogest versus a progestogen-only pill after switching from an ethinylestradiol-containing pill in a real-life setting: results of the CONTENT study. Int J Womens Health 2016; 8: 477–87. DOI: 10.2147/IJWH.S107586
27. Mansour D. International survey to assess women's attitudes regarding choice of daily versus nondaily female hormonal contraception. Int J Womens Health 2014; 6: 367–75. DOI: 10.2147/IJWH.S59059
28. Nelson A et al. Efficacy and bleeding profile of a combined oral contraceptive containing oestradiol valerate/dienogest: a pooled analysis of three studies conducted in North America and Europe. Eur J Contracept Reprod Health Care 2013; 18 (4): 264–73. DOI: 10.3109/13625187.2013.780202
29. Pastor Z et al. The influence of combined oral contraceptives on female sexual desire: a systematic review. Eur J Contracept Reprod Health Care 2013; 18 (1): 27–43. DOI: 10.3109/13625187.2012.728643
30. Malmborg A, Persson E, Brynhildsen J, Hammar M. Hormonal contraception and sexual desire: A questionnaire-based study of young Swedish women. Eur J Contracept Reprod Health Care 2016; 21 (2): 158–67. DOI: 10.3109/13625187.2015.1079609
31. Higgins JA, Wright KQ, Turok DK, Sanders JN. Beyond safety and efficacy: sexuality-related priorities and their associations with contraceptive method selection. Contraception: X 2020; 2: 100038. DOI: 10.1016/j.conx.2020.100038
32. Burrows LJ, Basha M, Goldstein AT. The effects of hormonal contraceptives on female sexuality: a review. J Sex Med 2012; 9 (9): 2213–23.
33. Caruso S et al. Preliminary Study on the Effect of Four-phasic Estradiol Valerate and Dienogest (E2V/DNG) Oral Contraceptive on the Quality of Sexual Life. Sex Med 2011; 8: 2841–50.
34. Davis SR et al. J Change to either a nonandrogenic or androgenic progestin-containing oral contraceptive preparation is associated with improved sexual function in women with oral contraceptive-associated sexual dysfunction. Sex Med 2013; 10: 3069–79. DOI: 10.1111/jsm.12310
35. Spear GT, French AL, Gilbert D et al. Human alpha-amylase present in lower-genital-tract mucosal fluid processes glycogen to support vaginal colonization by Lactobacillus. J Infect Dis 2014; 210 (7): 1019–28.
36. Vodstrcil LA, Hocking JS, Law M et al. Hormonal Contraception Is Associated with a Reduced Risk of Bacterial Vaginosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. PLoS ONE 2013; 8 (9): e73055.
37. De Seta F, Restaino S, Banco R et al. Effects of estroprostins containing natural estrogen on vaginal flora. Gynecol Endocrinol 2014; 30 (11): 830–5.
38. Jensen JT et al. Hormone withdrawal-associated symptoms: comparison of oestradiol valerate/dienogest versus ethinylestradiol/norgestimate. Eur J Contracept Reprod Health Care 2013; 18: 274–83. DOI: 10.3109/13625187.2013.785516
39. Macìas G et al. Effects of a combined oral contraceptive containing oestradiol valerate/dienogest on hormone withdrawal-associated symptoms: results from the multicentre, randomised, double-blind, active-controlled HARMONY II study. J Obstet Gynaecol 2013; 33: 591–6. DOI: 10.3109/01443615.2013.800851
40. Fruzzetti F et al. An overview of the development of combined oral contraceptives containing estradiol: focus on estradiol valerate/dienogest. Gynecol Endocrinol 2012; 28 (5): 400–8. DOI: 10.3109/09513590.2012.662547
41. Nappi RE et al. Effect of a contraceptive pill containing estradiol valerate and dienogest (E2V/DNG) in women with menstrually-related migraine (MRM). Contraception 2013; 8: 369–75. DOI: 10.1016/j.contraception.2013.02.001
42. Graziottin A. The shorter, the better: A review of the evidence for a shorter contraceptive hormone-free interval. Eur J Contracept Reprod Health Care 2016; 21 (2): 93–105. DOI: 10.3109/13625187.2015.1077380
________________________________________________
2. Rudolph CW, Rauvola RS, Costanza DP, Zacher H. Generations and Generational Differences: Debunking Myths in Organizational Science and Practice and Paving New Paths Forward. J Bus Psychol 2020; 1–23. DOI: 10.1007/s10869-020-09715-2
3. Piper LE. Generation Y in healthcare: leading millennials in an era of reform. Front Health Serv Manage. 2012; 29 (1): 16–28.
4. Sokolova N. Generation Ygrek. Profile. 2010; 34. Available at: http://web.archive.org/web/20101127131552/http://profile.ru/items/?item=30843 (in Russian)
5. Samarin A.V., Mekhrishvili L.L. Health in the system of life values of student youth: on the results of sociological research. International Scientific Research Journal. 2017; 1 (Part 3): 151–4 (in Russian)
6. Ageeva L.I., Alexandrova G.A., Zaichenko N.M. et al. Health care in Russia. 2019. Statistical collection. Moscow, 2019 (in Russian)
7. Aganezova N.V., Aganezov S.S., Gugalo N.V. Contraception: awareness and choice of young users. Gynecology. 2020; 22 (6): 50–5 (in Russian) DOI: 10.26442/20795696.2020.6.200506
8. WHO. Contraception. World Health Organization Evidence Brief, 2017. Available at: https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/329884/
WHO-RHR-19.18-eng.pdf?ua=1
9. Dikke G.B. Needs, expectations and doubt users of hormonal contraceptives. Gynecology. 2020; 22 (1): 33–7 (in Russian) DOI: 10.26442/20795696.2020.1.200044
10. WHO. Medical eligibility criteria for contraceptive use. Fifth edition, 2015. Available at: https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/181468/9789241549158_eng.pdf?sequence=9
11. Fait T et al. Needs and preferences of women users of oral contraceptives in selected countries in Central and Eastern Europe. Drugs Context 2018; 7. DOI: 10.7573/dic.212510
12. Ahrendt HJ, Makalová D, Mellinger U, Mansour D. Bleeding pattern and cycle control with an estradiol-based oral contraceptive: a seven-cycle, randomized comparative trial of estradiol valerate/dienogest and ethinyl estradiol/levonorgestrel. Contraception 2009; 80: 436–44.
13. Dinger J, Möhner S, Heinemann K. Impact of estrogen type on cardiovascular safety of combined oral contraceptives. Comparative Study. Contraception 2016; 94 (4): 328–39.
14. Dinger J, Möhner S, Heinemann K. Combined oral contraceptives containing dienogest and estradiol valerate may carry a lower risk of venous and arterial thromboembolism compared to conventional preparations: Results from the extended INAS-SCORE study. Front Womens Health 2020; 5. DOI: 10.15761/FWH.1000178
15. Barnett C et al. Unintended pregnancy rates differ according to combined oral contraceptive – results from the INAS-SCORE study. Eur J Contracept Reprod Health Care 2019; 24 (4): 247–50. DOI: 10.1080/13625187.2019.1629412
16. Barnett C et al. Fertility and combined oral contraceptives – unintended pregnancies and planned pregnancies following oral contraceptive use – results from the INAS-SCORE study. Eur J Contracept Reprod Health Care 2017; 22 (1): 17–23. DOI: 10.1080/13625187.2016.1241991
17. Aktual'naia instruktsiia po meditsinskomu primeneniiu lekarstvennogo preparata Klaira® №LP-000010 ot 29.11.2019 (in Russian)
18. Sitruk-Ware R, Narh A. Characteristics and metabolic effects of estrogen and progestins contained in oral contraceptive pills. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 2013; 27: 13–24. DOI: 10.1016/j.beem.2012.09.004
19. Junge W et al. Metabolic and haemostatic effects of estradiol valerate/dienogest, a novel oral contraceptive: a randomized, open-label, single-centre study. Randomized Controlled Trial. Clin Drug Investig 2011; 31 (8): 573–84. DOI: 10.2165/11590220-000000000-00000
20. Klipping C et al. Hemostatic effects of a novel estradiol-based oral contraceptive: an open-label, randomized, crossover study of estradiol valerate/dienogest versus ethinylestradiol/levonorgestrel. Randomized Controlled Trial. Drugs R D 2011; 11: 159–70. DOI: 10.2165/11591200-000000000-00000
21. Grandi G et al. Modification of body composition and metabolism during oral contraceptives containing non-androgenic progestins in association with estradiol or ethinyl estradiol. Observational Study. Gynecol Endocrinol 2014; 30 (9): 676–80. DOI: 10.3109/09513590.2014.922947
22. Mezhevitinova E.A., Burlev V.A., Nabieva K.R. et al. Comprehensive assessment of the efficacy, tolerance and safety of the third generation combined hormonal contraceptive. Medical Advice. 2015; 9 (in Russian)
23. Dovletkhanova E.R., Prilepskaya V.N. Estradiol valerate and dienogest in hormonal contraception. Acceptability and effectiveness in real clinical practice. Medical Advice. 2018; 1 (in Russian)
24. Grandi G et al. Prospective measurement of blood pressure and heart rate over 24 h in women using combined oral contraceptives with estradiol. Contraception 2014; 90 (5): 529–34. DOI: 10.1016/j.contraception.2014.05.011
25. Girum T, Wasie A. Return of fertility after discontinuation of contraception: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Contracept Reprod Med 2018; 3: 9.
DOI: 10.1186/s40834-018-0064-y
26. Briggs P et al. Continuation rates, bleeding profile acceptability, and satisfaction of women using an oral contraceptive pill containing estradiol valerate and dienogest versus a progestogen-only pill after switching from an ethinylestradiol-containing pill in a real-life setting: results of the CONTENT study. Int J Womens Health 2016; 8: 477–87. DOI: 10.2147/IJWH.S107586
27. Mansour D. International survey to assess women's attitudes regarding choice of daily versus nondaily female hormonal contraception. Int J Womens Health 2014; 6: 367–75. DOI: 10.2147/IJWH.S59059
28. Nelson A et al. Efficacy and bleeding profile of a combined oral contraceptive containing oestradiol valerate/dienogest: a pooled analysis of three studies conducted in North America and Europe. Eur J Contracept Reprod Health Care 2013; 18 (4): 264–73. DOI: 10.3109/13625187.2013.780202
29. Pastor Z et al. The influence of combined oral contraceptives on female sexual desire: a systematic review. Eur J Contracept Reprod Health Care 2013; 18 (1): 27–43. DOI: 10.3109/13625187.2012.728643
30. Malmborg A, Persson E, Brynhildsen J, Hammar M. Hormonal contraception and sexual desire: A questionnaire-based study of young Swedish women. Eur J Contracept Reprod Health Care 2016; 21 (2): 158–67. DOI: 10.3109/13625187.2015.1079609
31. Higgins JA, Wright KQ, Turok DK, Sanders JN. Beyond safety and efficacy: sexuality-related priorities and their associations with contraceptive method selection. Contraception: X 2020; 2: 100038. DOI: 10.1016/j.conx.2020.100038
32. Burrows LJ, Basha M, Goldstein AT. The effects of hormonal contraceptives on female sexuality: a review. J Sex Med 2012; 9 (9): 2213–23.
33. Caruso S et al. Preliminary Study on the Effect of Four-phasic Estradiol Valerate and Dienogest (E2V/DNG) Oral Contraceptive on the Quality of Sexual Life. Sex Med 2011; 8: 2841–50.
34. Davis SR et al. J Change to either a nonandrogenic or androgenic progestin-containing oral contraceptive preparation is associated with improved sexual function in women with oral contraceptive-associated sexual dysfunction. Sex Med 2013; 10: 3069–79. DOI: 10.1111/jsm.12310
35. Spear GT, French AL, Gilbert D et al. Human alpha-amylase present in lower-genital-tract mucosal fluid processes glycogen to support vaginal colonization by Lactobacillus. J Infect Dis 2014; 210 (7): 1019–28.
36. Vodstrcil LA, Hocking JS, Law M et al. Hormonal Contraception Is Associated with a Reduced Risk of Bacterial Vaginosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. PLoS ONE 2013; 8 (9): e73055.
37. De Seta F, Restaino S, Banco R et al. Effects of estroprostins containing natural estrogen on vaginal flora. Gynecol Endocrinol 2014; 30 (11): 830–5.
38. Jensen JT et al. Hormone withdrawal-associated symptoms: comparison of oestradiol valerate/dienogest versus ethinylestradiol/norgestimate. Eur J Contracept Reprod Health Care 2013; 18: 274–83. DOI: 10.3109/13625187.2013.785516
39. Macìas G et al. Effects of a combined oral contraceptive containing oestradiol valerate/dienogest on hormone withdrawal-associated symptoms: results from the multicentre, randomised, double-blind, active-controlled HARMONY II study. J Obstet Gynaecol 2013; 33: 591–6. DOI: 10.3109/01443615.2013.800851
40. Fruzzetti F et al. An overview of the development of combined oral contraceptives containing estradiol: focus on estradiol valerate/dienogest. Gynecol Endocrinol 2012; 28 (5): 400–8. DOI: 10.3109/09513590.2012.662547
41. Nappi RE et al. Effect of a contraceptive pill containing estradiol valerate and dienogest (E2V/DNG) in women with menstrually-related migraine (MRM). Contraception 2013; 8: 369–75. DOI: 10.1016/j.contraception.2013.02.001
42. Graziottin A. The shorter, the better: A review of the evidence for a shorter contraceptive hormone-free interval. Eur J Contracept Reprod Health Care 2016; 21 (2): 93–105. DOI: 10.3109/13625187.2015.1077380
Авторы
Н.В. Аганезова*, С.С. Аганезов
ФГБОУ ВО «Северо-Западный государственный медицинский университет им. И.И. Мечникова» Минздрава России, Санкт-Петербург, Россия
*aganezova@mail.ru
Mechnikov North-Western State Medical University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
*aganezova@mail.ru
ФГБОУ ВО «Северо-Западный государственный медицинский университет им. И.И. Мечникова» Минздрава России, Санкт-Петербург, Россия
*aganezova@mail.ru
________________________________________________
Mechnikov North-Western State Medical University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
*aganezova@mail.ru
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