1. Гинекология: национальное руководство. Под ред. Г.М. Савельевой, Г.Т. Сухих, В.Н. Серова и др. 2-е изд., перераб. и доп. М.: ГЭОТАР-Медиа, 2017; с. 261 [Ginekologiia : natcionalnoe rukovodstvo. Pod red. GM Savelevoi, GT Suhih, VN Serova i dr. 2-e izd., pererab. i dop. Moscow: GEOTAR-Media, 2017; p. 261 (in Russian)].
2. Rogers RG, Pauls RN, Thakar R, et al. An international Urogynecological association (IUGA)/international continence society (ICS) joint report on the terminology for the assessment of sexual health of women with pelvic floor dysfunction. Int Urogynecol J. 2018;29(5):647-66. DOI:10.1007/s00192-018-3603-9
3. Tayyeb M, Gupta V. Dyspareunia. 2022. In: StatPearls. Treasure Island. StatPearls Publishing, 2022.
4. Alimi Y, Iwanaga J, Oskouian RJ, et al. The clinical anatomy of dyspareunia: A review. Clin Anat. 2018;31(7):1013-7. DOI:10.1002/ca.23250
5. Orr N, Wahl K, Joannou A, et al. International Society for the Study of Women’s Sexual Health’s (ISSWSH) Special Interest Group on Sexual Pain. Deep Dyspareunia: Review of Pathophysiology and Proposed Future Research Priorities. Sex Med Rev. 2020;8(1):3-17. DOI:10.1016/j.sxmr.2018.12.007
6. Facchin F, Buggio L, Dridi D, et al. The Subjective Experience of Dyspareunia in Women with Endometriosis: A Systematic Review with Narrative Synthesis of Qualitative Research. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18(22):12112. DOI:10.3390/ ijerph182212112
7. Azim KA, Happel-Parkins A, Moses A, et al. Exploring Relationships Between Genito-Pelvic Pain/Penetration Disorder, Sex Guilt, and Religiosity Among College Women in the U.S. J Sex Med. 2021;18(4):770-82. DOI:10.1016/j.jsxm.2021.02.003
8. Shum LK, Bedaiwy MA, Allaire C, et al. Deep Dyspareunia and Sexual Quality of Life in Women With Endometriosis. Sex Med. 2018;6(3):224-33. DOI:10.1016/j.esxm.2018.04.006
9. Bałabuszek K, Toborek M, Pietura R. Comprehensive overview of the venous disorder known as pelvic congestion syndrome. Ann Med. 2022;54(1):22-36. DOI:10.1080/07853890.2021.2014556
10. Arora V, Mukhopadhyay S, Morris E. Painful sex (dyspareunia): a difficult symptom in gynecological practice. Obstet Gynaecol Reprod Med. 2020;30(9):269-75. DOI:10.1016/j.ogrm.2020.06.001
11. Grimes WR, Stratton M. Pelvic Floor Dysfunction. 2022. In: StatPearls. Treasure Island. StatPearls Publishing, 2022.
12. Jorge JMN, Bustamante-Lopez LA. Pelvic floor anatomy. Ann Laparosc Endosc Surg. 2022;7:20. DOI:10.21037/ales-2
13. Quaghebeur J, Petros P, Wyndaele JJ, De Wachter S. Pelvic-floor function, dysfunction, and treatment. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2021;265:143-9. DOI:10.1016/j.ejogrb.2021.08.026
14. Шимарова О.В., Малаховский В.В., Зилов В.Г. Патофизиологическое обоснование комплексного подхода к реабилитации пациентов с миофасциальным болевым синдромом области шеи. Физическая и реабилитационная медицина, медицинская реабилитация. 2020;2(1):66-70 [Shimarova OV, Malahovskii VV, Zilov VG. Patofiziologicheskoe obosnovanie kompleksnogo podhoda k reabilitacii pacientov s miofascial'nym bolevym sindromom oblasti shei. Fizicheskaia i reabilitacionnaia medicina, medicinskaia reabilitaciia. 2020;2(1):66-70 (in Russian)]. DOI:10.36425/rehab20422
15. Quintner J, Milton C. Myofascial pain syndrome: a bogus construct. In: EDS M Hutson, A Ward. Oxford Textbook of Musculoskeletal Medicine. 2 edn. Oxford Textbook. Oxford, 2015. DOI:10.1093/med/9780199674107.003.0014
16. Tantanatip A, Chang KV. Myofascial Pain Syndrome. In: StatPearls. Treasure Island. StatPearls Publishing, 2022.
17. Cao QW, Peng BG, Wang L, et al. Expert consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of myofascial pain syndrome. World J Clin Cases. 2021;9(9):2077-89. DOI:10.12998/wjcc.v9.i9.2077
18. Nicol AL, Crooks M, Hsu ES, et al. Chapter 25 – Myofascial Pain Syndrome, Essentials of Pain Medicine (Fourth Edition). Elsevier, 2018; p. 207-12.e1.
DOI:10.1016/B978-0-323-40196-8.00025-5
19. Celik D, Mutlu EK. Clinical implication of latent myofascial trigger point. Curr Pain Headache Rep. 2013;17(8):353. DOI:10.1007/s11916-013-0353-8
20. Simons D, Travell JG, Simons LS. Myofascial pain and dysfunction. The trigger point manual. Upper half of body. 2. Baltimore: Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins, 1999.
21. Fenner A. Urinary incontinence: Brain reaction to bladder filling predicts response to pelvic floor muscle training. Nat Rev Urol. 2015;12(5):242. DOI:10.1038/nrurol.2015.83
22. Meister MR, Sutcliffe S, Badu A, et al. Pelvic floor myofascial pain severity and pelvic floor disorder symptom bother: is there a correlation? Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2019;221(3):235.e1-15. DOI:10.1016/j.ajog.2019.07.020
23. Hong CZ, Simons DG. Pathophysiologic and electrophysiologic mechanisms of myofascial trigger points. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1998;79(7):863-72.
24. Gerdle B, Kristiansen J, Larsson B, et al. Algogenic substances and metabolic status in work-related Trapezius Myalgia: a multivariate explorative study. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2014;15:357. DOI:10.1186/1471-2474-15-357
25. Tuckey B, Srbely J, Rigney G, et al. Impaired Lymphatic Drainage and Interstitial Inflammatory Stasis in Chronic Musculoskeletal and Idiopathic Pain Syndromes: Exploring a Novel Mechanism. Front. Pain Res. 2021;2:691740. DOI:10.3389/fpain.2021.691740
26. Minerbi A, Vulfsons S. Challenging the Cinderella Hypothesis: A New Model for the Role of the Motor Unit Recruitment Pattern in the Pathogenesis of Myofascial Pain Syndrome in Postural Muscles. Rambam Maimonides Med J. 2018;9(3):e0021. DOI:10.5041/RMMJ.10336
27. Bron C, Dommerholt JD. Etiology of myofascial trigger points. Curr Pain Headache Rep. 2012;16(5):439-44. DOI:10.1007/s11916-012-0289-4
28. Simons DG. Review of enigmatic MTrPs as a common cause of enigmatic musculoskeletal pain and dysfunction. J Electromyogr Kinesiol. 2004;14(1):95-107. DOI:10.1016/j.jelekin.2003.09.018.
29. Moraska AF, Hickner RC, Rzasa-Lynn R, et al. Increase in Lactate Without Change in Nutritive Blood Flow or Glucose at Active Trigger Points Following Massage: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2018;99(11):2151-9. DOI:10.1016/j.apmr.2018.06.030
30. Saleet JM. Mechanisms of Myofascial Pain. Int Sch Res Notices. 2014;2014:523924. DOI:10.1155/2014/523924
31. Shah JP, Thaker N, Heimur J, et al. Myofascial Trigger Points Then and Now: A Historical and Scientific Perspective. PM R. 2015;7(7):746-61. DOI:10.1016/j.pmrj.2015.01.024
32. Geri T, Gizzi L, Di Marco A, et al. Myofascial trigger points alter the modular control during the execution of a reaching task: a pilot study. Sci Rep. 2019;9(1):16065. DOI:10.1038/s41598-019-52561-3
33. Kadefors R, Forsman M, Zoéga B, Herberts P. Recruitment of low threshold motor-units in the trapezius muscle in different static arm positions. Ergonomics. 1999;42(2):359-75. DOI:10.1080/001401399185711
34. Ross V, Detterman C, Hallisey A. Myofascial Pelvic Pain: An Overlooked and Treatable Cause of Chronic Pelvic Pain. J Midwifery Womens Health. 2021;66(2):148-60. DOI:10.1111/jmwh.13224
35. Kodama K, Takamoto K, Nishimaru H, et al. Analgesic Effects of Compression at Trigger Points Are Associated With Reduction of Frontal Polar Cortical Activity as Well as Functional Connectivity Between the Frontal Polar Area and Insula in Patients With Chronic Low Back Pain: A Randomized Trial. Front Syst Neurosci. 2019;13:68. DOI:10.3389/fnsys.2019.00068. Erratum in: Front Syst Neurosci. 2020;13:81. 

________________________________________________

1. Ginekologiia : natcionalnoe rukovodstvo. Pod red. GM Savelevoi, GT Suhih, VN Serova i dr. 2-e izd., pererab. i dop. Moscow: GEOTAR-Media, 2017; p. 261 (in Russian).
2. Rogers RG, Pauls RN, Thakar R, et al. An international Urogynecological association (IUGA)/international continence society (ICS) joint report on the terminology for the assessment of sexual health of women with pelvic floor dysfunction. Int Urogynecol J. 2018;29(5):647-66. DOI:10.1007/s00192-018-3603-9
3. Tayyeb M, Gupta V. Dyspareunia. 2022. In: StatPearls. Treasure Island. StatPearls Publishing, 2022.
4. Alimi Y, Iwanaga J, Oskouian RJ, et al. The clinical anatomy of dyspareunia: A review. Clin Anat. 2018;31(7):1013-7. DOI:10.1002/ca.23250
5. Orr N, Wahl K, Joannou A, et al. International Society for the Study of Women’s Sexual Health’s (ISSWSH) Special Interest Group on Sexual Pain. Deep Dyspareunia: Review of Pathophysiology and Proposed Future Research Priorities. Sex Med Rev. 2020;8(1):3-17. DOI:10.1016/j.sxmr.2018.12.007
6. Facchin F, Buggio L, Dridi D, et al. The Subjective Experience of Dyspareunia in Women with Endometriosis: A Systematic Review with Narrative Synthesis of Qualitative Research. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18(22):12112. DOI:10.3390/ ijerph182212112
7. Azim KA, Happel-Parkins A, Moses A, et al. Exploring Relationships Between Genito-Pelvic Pain/Penetration Disorder, Sex Guilt, and Religiosity Among College Women in the U.S. J Sex Med. 2021;18(4):770-82. DOI:10.1016/j.jsxm.2021.02.003
8. Shum LK, Bedaiwy MA, Allaire C, et al. Deep Dyspareunia and Sexual Quality of Life in Women With Endometriosis. Sex Med. 2018;6(3):224-33. DOI:10.1016/j.esxm.2018.04.006
9. Bałabuszek K, Toborek M, Pietura R. Comprehensive overview of the venous disorder known as pelvic congestion syndrome. Ann Med. 2022;54(1):22-36. DOI:10.1080/07853890.2021.2014556
10. Arora V, Mukhopadhyay S, Morris E. Painful sex (dyspareunia): a difficult symptom in gynecological practice. Obstet Gynaecol Reprod Med. 2020;30(9):269-75. DOI:10.1016/j.ogrm.2020.06.001
11. Grimes WR, Stratton M. Pelvic Floor Dysfunction. 2022. In: StatPearls. Treasure Island. StatPearls Publishing, 2022.
12. Jorge JMN, Bustamante-Lopez LA. Pelvic floor anatomy. Ann Laparosc Endosc Surg. 2022;7:20. DOI:10.21037/ales-2
13. Quaghebeur J, Petros P, Wyndaele JJ, De Wachter S. Pelvic-floor function, dysfunction, and treatment. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2021;265:143-9. DOI:10.1016/j.ejogrb.2021.08.026
14. Shimarova OV, Malahovskii VV, Zilov VG. Patofiziologicheskoe obosnovanie kompleksnogo podhoda k reabilitacii pacientov s miofascial'nym bolevym sindromom oblasti shei. Fizicheskaia i reabilitacionnaia medicina, medicinskaia reabilitaciia. 2020;2(1):66-70 (in Russian). DOI:10.36425/rehab20422
15. Quintner J, Milton C. Myofascial pain syndrome: a bogus construct. In: EDS M Hutson, A Ward. Oxford Textbook of Musculoskeletal Medicine. 2 edn. Oxford Textbook. Oxford, 2015. DOI:10.1093/med/9780199674107.003.0014
16. Tantanatip A, Chang KV. Myofascial Pain Syndrome. In: StatPearls. Treasure Island. StatPearls Publishing, 2022.
17. Cao QW, Peng BG, Wang L, et al. Expert consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of myofascial pain syndrome. World J Clin Cases. 2021;9(9):2077-89. DOI:10.12998/wjcc.v9.i9.2077
18. Nicol AL, Crooks M, Hsu ES, et al. Chapter 25 – Myofascial Pain Syndrome, Essentials of Pain Medicine (Fourth Edition). Elsevier, 2018; p. 207-12.e1.
DOI:10.1016/B978-0-323-40196-8.00025-5
19. Celik D, Mutlu EK. Clinical implication of latent myofascial trigger point. Curr Pain Headache Rep. 2013;17(8):353. DOI:10.1007/s11916-013-0353-8
20. Simons D, Travell JG, Simons LS. Myofascial pain and dysfunction. The trigger point manual. Upper half of body. 2. Baltimore: Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins, 1999.
21. Fenner A. Urinary incontinence: Brain reaction to bladder filling predicts response to pelvic floor muscle training. Nat Rev Urol. 2015;12(5):242. DOI:10.1038/nrurol.2015.83
22. Meister MR, Sutcliffe S, Badu A, et al. Pelvic floor myofascial pain severity and pelvic floor disorder symptom bother: is there a correlation? Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2019;221(3):235.e1-15. DOI:10.1016/j.ajog.2019.07.020
23. Hong CZ, Simons DG. Pathophysiologic and electrophysiologic mechanisms of myofascial trigger points. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1998;79(7):863-72.
24. Gerdle B, Kristiansen J, Larsson B, et al. Algogenic substances and metabolic status in work-related Trapezius Myalgia: a multivariate explorative study. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2014;15:357. DOI:10.1186/1471-2474-15-357
25. Tuckey B, Srbely J, Rigney G, et al. Impaired Lymphatic Drainage and Interstitial Inflammatory Stasis in Chronic Musculoskeletal and Idiopathic Pain Syndromes: Exploring a Novel Mechanism. Front. Pain Res. 2021;2:691740. DOI:10.3389/fpain.2021.691740
26. Minerbi A, Vulfsons S. Challenging the Cinderella Hypothesis: A New Model for the Role of the Motor Unit Recruitment Pattern in the Pathogenesis of Myofascial Pain Syndrome in Postural Muscles. Rambam Maimonides Med J. 2018;9(3):e0021. DOI:10.5041/RMMJ.10336
27. Bron C, Dommerholt JD. Etiology of myofascial trigger points. Curr Pain Headache Rep. 2012;16(5):439-44. DOI:10.1007/s11916-012-0289-4
28. Simons DG. Review of enigmatic MTrPs as a common cause of enigmatic musculoskeletal pain and dysfunction. J Electromyogr Kinesiol. 2004;14(1):95-107. DOI:10.1016/j.jelekin.2003.09.018.
29. Moraska AF, Hickner RC, Rzasa-Lynn R, et al. Increase in Lactate Without Change in Nutritive Blood Flow or Glucose at Active Trigger Points Following Massage: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2018;99(11):2151-9. DOI:10.1016/j.apmr.2018.06.030
30. Saleet JM. Mechanisms of Myofascial Pain. Int Sch Res Notices. 2014;2014:523924. DOI:10.1155/2014/523924
31. Shah JP, Thaker N, Heimur J, et al. Myofascial Trigger Points Then and Now: A Historical and Scientific Perspective. PM R. 2015;7(7):746-61. DOI:10.1016/j.pmrj.2015.01.024
32. Geri T, Gizzi L, Di Marco A, et al. Myofascial trigger points alter the modular control during the execution of a reaching task: a pilot study. Sci Rep. 2019;9(1):16065. DOI:10.1038/s41598-019-52561-3
33. Kadefors R, Forsman M, Zoéga B, Herberts P. Recruitment of low threshold motor-units in the trapezius muscle in different static arm positions. Ergonomics. 1999;42(2):359-75. DOI:10.1080/001401399185711
34. Ross V, Detterman C, Hallisey A. Myofascial Pelvic Pain: An Overlooked and Treatable Cause of Chronic Pelvic Pain. J Midwifery Womens Health. 2021;66(2):148-60. DOI:10.1111/jmwh.13224
35. Kodama K, Takamoto K, Nishimaru H, et al. Analgesic Effects of Compression at Trigger Points Are Associated With Reduction of Frontal Polar Cortical Activity as Well as Functional Connectivity Between the Frontal Polar Area and Insula in Patients With Chronic Low Back Pain: A Randomized Trial. Front Syst Neurosci. 2019;13:68. DOI:10.3389/fnsys.2019.00068. Erratum in: Front Syst Neurosci. 2020;13:81. 

Е.С. Силантьева2, М.Р. Оразов*1, М.Б. Хамошина1, Е.К. Астафьева2

1 ФГАОУ ВО «Российский университет дружбы народов», Москва, Россия;
2 ГК «Мать и Дитя», Лапино, Россия
*omekan@mail.ru

________________________________________________

Elena S. Silantyeva2, Mekan R. Orazov*1, Marina B. Khamoshina1, Evgeniia K. Astafeva2

1 People’s Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia;
2 GC "Mother and Child", Lapino, Russia
*omekan@mail.ru