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Менструальная функция и психическое здоровье студенток медицинского вуза в период пандемии COVID-19
Менструальная функция и психическое здоровье студенток медицинского вуза в период пандемии COVID-19
Горбачева Т.И., Николаева М.Г., Строганов А.Е., Орлова О.В., Хорева Л.А., Уварова Ю.М., Денисюк Е.А., Оловянников Ю.С. Менструальная функция и психическое здоровье студенток медицинского вуза в период пандемии COVID-19. Гинекология. 2023;25(3):320–327. DOI: 10.26442/20795696.2023.3.202032
© ООО «КОНСИЛИУМ МЕДИКУМ», 2023 г.
© ООО «КОНСИЛИУМ МЕДИКУМ», 2023 г.
________________________________________________
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Аннотация
Цель. Оценить влияние новой коронавирусной инфекции (НКИ) и вакцинации против COVID-19 на менструальную функцию в сопоставлении с частотой депрессивных нарушений в период пандемии COVID-19 среди студенток медицинского вуза.
Материалы и методы. Данные для сплошного поперечного (одномоментного) исследования получены при помощи онлайн-опроса. Вопросы анкеты включали демографические показатели, характеристики менструальной функции, наличия перенесенного заболевания COVID-19, а также вакцинации против него и стандартную шкалу-опросник Центра эпидемиологических исследований депрессии CES-D (Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale). В опросе приняли участие 1879 студенток медицинского вуза. Критериями исключения являлись возраст моложе 18 и старше 25 лет, прием гормональных контрацептивов, беременность и роды в течение последнего года, вакцинация после перенесенного заболевания COVID-19. После применения критериев исключения сформированы три группы исследования. Первая группа включала девушек-студенток, перенесших НКИ (n=140), 2-я группа – студенток, не болевших НКИ и первично вакцинированных против COVID-19 (n=647), в 3-ю группу (контрольную) включены неболевшие и невакцинированные студентки (n=55).
Результаты. Различий в частоте изменений менструальной функции у студенток после перенесенной НКИ (49,3%) и после вакцинации COVID-19 (39,6%) в сравнении с контрольной группой (43,6%) не выявлено (p=0,477). Частота депрессии в общей когорте исследования составила 43,3% и не имела значимых различий в исследуемых группах. Значимыми предикторами изменений менструальной функции в период пандемии стали замужество (отношение шансов – ОШ 2,33 [1,51–3,61]), депрессия (ОШ 1,72 [1,28–2,3]), нарушение менструальной функции в анамнезе (ОШ 1,5 [0,12–1,99]), позднее менархе (ОШ 1,76 [1,02–3,04]). Многофакторный анализ не показал значимости перенесенной НКИ и вакцинации как факторов нарушения менструальной функции (ОШ 1,61 [0,89–2,90] и ОШ 0,91 [0,59–1,41] соответственно).
Заключение. Во время пандемии COVID-19 у студенток медицинского вуза зарегистрирована значительная частота изменений менструальной функции и депрессивных расстройств. Наиболее значимыми предикторами менструальных отклонений у девушек-студенток во время пандемии оказались депрессия, нарушение менструальной функции в анамнезе и замужество. Для уточнения механизмов влияния пандемии на менструальную функцию необходимо проведение многоцентрового проспективного исследования.
Ключевые слова: COVID-19, менструация, нарушения менструальной функции, вакцинация, депрессия
Materials and methods. Data for a continuous transverse (cross-sectional) study were obtained using an online survey. The questions included demographics, characteristics of menstrual function, the history of COVID-19 and vaccinations against it, and the standard CES-D (Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale) questionnaire. The survey included 1.879 female medical students. The exclusion criteria were age under 18 and over 25 years, hormonal contraceptives, pregnancy, childbirth during the last year, and vaccination after COVID-19. After applying the exclusion criteria, three study groups were formed. Group 1 included female students with a history of NCI (n=140), group 2 included students with no history of NCI, who were initially vaccinated against COVID-19 (n=647), group 3 (control group) included unvaccinated students with no history of NCI (n=55).
Results. There were no differences in the prevalence of changes in menstrual function in female students after the NCI (49.3%) and after COVID-19 vaccination (39.6%) compared to the control group (43.6%); p=0.477. The rate of depression in the overall study cohort was 43.3%, without any significant differences between the study groups. Significant predictors of changes in menstrual function during the pandemic were marriage (odds ratio – OR 2.33 [1.51–3.61]), depression (OR 1.72 [1.28–2.3]), a history of menstrual dysfunction (OR 1.5 [0.12–1.99]), and later menarche (OR 1.76 [1.02–3.04]). Multivariate analysis did not show the significance of the history of NCI and vaccination as factors of menstrual dysfunction (OR 1.61 [0.89–2.90] and OR 0.91 [0.59–1.41], respectively).
Conclusion. During the COVID-19 pandemic, female medical students reported frequent changes in menstrual function and depressive disorders. During the pandemic, the most significant predictors of menstrual disorders in female students were depression, a history of menstrual dysfunction, and marriage. A multicenter prospective study is necessary to clarify the mechanisms of the pandemic's impact on menstrual function.
Keywords: COVID-19, menstruation, menstrual disorders, vaccination, depression
Материалы и методы. Данные для сплошного поперечного (одномоментного) исследования получены при помощи онлайн-опроса. Вопросы анкеты включали демографические показатели, характеристики менструальной функции, наличия перенесенного заболевания COVID-19, а также вакцинации против него и стандартную шкалу-опросник Центра эпидемиологических исследований депрессии CES-D (Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale). В опросе приняли участие 1879 студенток медицинского вуза. Критериями исключения являлись возраст моложе 18 и старше 25 лет, прием гормональных контрацептивов, беременность и роды в течение последнего года, вакцинация после перенесенного заболевания COVID-19. После применения критериев исключения сформированы три группы исследования. Первая группа включала девушек-студенток, перенесших НКИ (n=140), 2-я группа – студенток, не болевших НКИ и первично вакцинированных против COVID-19 (n=647), в 3-ю группу (контрольную) включены неболевшие и невакцинированные студентки (n=55).
Результаты. Различий в частоте изменений менструальной функции у студенток после перенесенной НКИ (49,3%) и после вакцинации COVID-19 (39,6%) в сравнении с контрольной группой (43,6%) не выявлено (p=0,477). Частота депрессии в общей когорте исследования составила 43,3% и не имела значимых различий в исследуемых группах. Значимыми предикторами изменений менструальной функции в период пандемии стали замужество (отношение шансов – ОШ 2,33 [1,51–3,61]), депрессия (ОШ 1,72 [1,28–2,3]), нарушение менструальной функции в анамнезе (ОШ 1,5 [0,12–1,99]), позднее менархе (ОШ 1,76 [1,02–3,04]). Многофакторный анализ не показал значимости перенесенной НКИ и вакцинации как факторов нарушения менструальной функции (ОШ 1,61 [0,89–2,90] и ОШ 0,91 [0,59–1,41] соответственно).
Заключение. Во время пандемии COVID-19 у студенток медицинского вуза зарегистрирована значительная частота изменений менструальной функции и депрессивных расстройств. Наиболее значимыми предикторами менструальных отклонений у девушек-студенток во время пандемии оказались депрессия, нарушение менструальной функции в анамнезе и замужество. Для уточнения механизмов влияния пандемии на менструальную функцию необходимо проведение многоцентрового проспективного исследования.
Ключевые слова: COVID-19, менструация, нарушения менструальной функции, вакцинация, депрессия
________________________________________________
Materials and methods. Data for a continuous transverse (cross-sectional) study were obtained using an online survey. The questions included demographics, characteristics of menstrual function, the history of COVID-19 and vaccinations against it, and the standard CES-D (Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale) questionnaire. The survey included 1.879 female medical students. The exclusion criteria were age under 18 and over 25 years, hormonal contraceptives, pregnancy, childbirth during the last year, and vaccination after COVID-19. After applying the exclusion criteria, three study groups were formed. Group 1 included female students with a history of NCI (n=140), group 2 included students with no history of NCI, who were initially vaccinated against COVID-19 (n=647), group 3 (control group) included unvaccinated students with no history of NCI (n=55).
Results. There were no differences in the prevalence of changes in menstrual function in female students after the NCI (49.3%) and after COVID-19 vaccination (39.6%) compared to the control group (43.6%); p=0.477. The rate of depression in the overall study cohort was 43.3%, without any significant differences between the study groups. Significant predictors of changes in menstrual function during the pandemic were marriage (odds ratio – OR 2.33 [1.51–3.61]), depression (OR 1.72 [1.28–2.3]), a history of menstrual dysfunction (OR 1.5 [0.12–1.99]), and later menarche (OR 1.76 [1.02–3.04]). Multivariate analysis did not show the significance of the history of NCI and vaccination as factors of menstrual dysfunction (OR 1.61 [0.89–2.90] and OR 0.91 [0.59–1.41], respectively).
Conclusion. During the COVID-19 pandemic, female medical students reported frequent changes in menstrual function and depressive disorders. During the pandemic, the most significant predictors of menstrual disorders in female students were depression, a history of menstrual dysfunction, and marriage. A multicenter prospective study is necessary to clarify the mechanisms of the pandemic's impact on menstrual function.
Keywords: COVID-19, menstruation, menstrual disorders, vaccination, depression
Полный текст
Список литературы
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2. Li K, Chen G, Hou H, et al. Analysis of sex hormones and menstruation in COVID-19 women of child-bearing age. Reprod Biomed Online. 2021;42(1):260-7. DOI:10.1016/j.rbmo.2020.09.020
3. Prado RCR, Silveira R, Asano RY. SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic and a possible impact in the future of menstrual cycle research. Health Sci Rep. 2021;4(2):e276. DOI:10.1002/hsr2.276
4. Palm-Fischbacher S, Ehlert U. Dispositional resilience as a moderator of the relationship between chronic stress and irregular menstrual cycle. J Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol. 2014;35(2):42-50. DOI:10.3109/0167482X.2014.912209
5. Halperin SJ, Henderson MN, Prenner S, et al. Prevalence of Anxiety and Depression Among Medical Students During the Covid-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study. J Med Educ Curric Dev. 2021;8:2382120521991150. DOI:10.1177/2382120521991150
6. Çimen İD, Alvur TM, Coşkun B, et al. Mental health of Turkish medical students during the COVID-19 pandemic. Int J Soc Psychiatry. 2022;68(6):1253-62. DOI:10.1177/00207640211066734
7. Takmaz T, Gundogmus I, Okten SB, et al. The impact of COVID-19-related mental health issues on menstrual cycle characteristics of female healthcare providers. J Obstet Gynaecol Res. 2021;47(9):3241-9. DOI:10.1111/jog.14900
8. Demir O, Sal H, Comba C. Triangle of COVID, anxiety and menstrual cycle. J Obstet Gynaecol. 2021;41(8):1257-61. DOI:10.1080/01443615.2021.1907562
9. Phelan N, Behan LA, Owens L. The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Women's Reproductive Health. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2021;12:642755. DOI:10.3389/fendo.2021.642755
10. Nguyen BT, Pang RD, Nelson AL, et al. Detecting variations in ovulation and menstruation during the COVID-19 pandemic, using real-world mobile app data. PLoS One. 2021;16(10):e0258314. DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0258314
11. Yuksel B, Ozgor F. Effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on female sexual behavior. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2020;150(1):98-102. DOI:10.1002/ijgo.13193
12. Ding T, Wang T, Zhang J, et al. Analysis of Ovarian Injury Associated With COVID-19 Disease in Reproductive-Aged Women in Wuhan, China: An Observational Study. Front Med (Lausanne). 2021;8:635255. DOI:10.3389/fmed.2021.635255
13. Jing Y, Run-Qian L, Hao-Ran W, et al. Potential influence of COVID-19/ACE2 on the female reproductive system. Mol Hum Reprod. 2020;26(6):367-73. DOI:10.1093/molehr/gaaa030
14. Parfenova YaA, Shibelgut NM, Artymuk NV. The impact of new coronavirus infection COVID-19 on women’s reproductive health. Mat' i ditia v Kuzbasse. 2021;3(86):36-40 (in Russian). DOI:10.24412/2686-7338-2021-3-36-40
15. Warner P, Whitaker LHR, Parker RA, et al. Low dose dexamethasone as treatment for women with heavy menstrual bleeding: A response-adaptive randomised placebo-controlled dose-finding parallel group trial (DexFEM). EBioMedicine. 2021;69:103434. DOI:10.1016/j.ebiom.2021.103434
16. Henarejos-Castillo I, Sebastian-Leon P, Devesa-Peiro A, et al. SARS-CoV-2 infection risk assessment in the endometrium: viral infection-related gene expression across the menstrual cycle. Fertil Steril. 2020;114(2):223-32. DOI:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2020.06.026
17. Male V. Menstrual changes after COVID-19 vaccination. BMJ. 2021;374:n2211 DOI:10.1136/bmj.n2211
18. Muhaidat N, Alshrouf MA, Azzam MI, et al. Menstrual Symptoms After COVID-19 Vaccine: A Cross-Sectional Investigation in the MENA Region. Int J Womens Health.
2022;14:395-404. DOI:10.2147/IJWH.S352167
19. Zaitsevskaya SA, Dolgushina NV, Sukhikh GT. The effect of vaccines on the reproductive system. Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2020;9:5-10 (in Russian). DOI:10.18565/aig.2020.9.5-10
20. Radloff LS. The CES-D scale: a self-report depression scale for research in the general population. Appl Psychol Meas. 1977;1(3):385-401.
21. Medina-Perucha L, López-Jiménez T, Holst AS, et al. Self-Reported Menstrual Alterations During the COVID-19 Syndemic in Spain: A Cross-Sectional Study. Int J Womens Health. 2022;14:529-44. DOI:10.2147/IJWH.S354655
22. Edelman A, Boniface ER, Benhar E, et al. Association Between Menstrual Cycle Length and Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Vaccination: A U.S. Cohort. Obstet Gynecol. 2022;139(4):481-9. DOI:10.1097/AOG.0000000000004695
23. Shepeleva II, Chernysheva AA, Kir'ianova EM, et al. Porazhenie nervnoi sistemy i psihologo-psihiatricheskie oslozhneniia. Social'naia i klinicheskaia psihiatriia. 2020;30(4):76-82 (in Russian).
24. Talevi D, Socci V, Carai M, et al. Mental health outcomes of the CoViD-19 pandemic. Riv Psichiatr. 2020;55(3):137-44. DOI:10.1708/3382.33569
25. Tiuvina NA, Balabanova VV, Voronina EO. Gendernye osobennosti depressivnyh rasstroistv u zhenshchin. Nevrologiia, neiropsihiatriia, psihosomatika. 2015;7(2):75-9 (in Russian).
2. Li K, Chen G, Hou H, et al. Analysis of sex hormones and menstruation in COVID-19 women of child-bearing age. Reprod Biomed Online. 2021;42(1):260-7. DOI:10.1016/j.rbmo.2020.09.020
3. Prado RCR, Silveira R, Asano RY. SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic and a possible impact in the future of menstrual cycle research. Health Sci Rep. 2021;4(2):e276. DOI:10.1002/hsr2.276
4. Palm-Fischbacher S, Ehlert U. Dispositional resilience as a moderator of the relationship between chronic stress and irregular menstrual cycle. J Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol. 2014;35(2):42-50. DOI:10.3109/0167482X.2014.912209
5. Halperin SJ, Henderson MN, Prenner S, et al. Prevalence of Anxiety and Depression Among Medical Students During the Covid-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study. J Med Educ Curric Dev. 2021;8:2382120521991150. DOI:10.1177/2382120521991150
6. Çimen İD, Alvur TM, Coşkun B, et al. Mental health of Turkish medical students during the COVID-19 pandemic. Int J Soc Psychiatry. 2022;68(6):1253-62. DOI:10.1177/00207640211066734
7. Takmaz T, Gundogmus I, Okten SB, et al. The impact of COVID-19-related mental health issues on menstrual cycle characteristics of female healthcare providers. J Obstet Gynaecol Res. 2021;47(9):3241-9. DOI:10.1111/jog.14900
8. Demir O, Sal H, Comba C. Triangle of COVID, anxiety and menstrual cycle. J Obstet Gynaecol. 2021;41(8):1257-61. DOI:10.1080/01443615.2021.1907562
9. Phelan N, Behan LA, Owens L. The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Women's Reproductive Health. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2021;12:642755. DOI:10.3389/fendo.2021.642755
10. Nguyen BT, Pang RD, Nelson AL, et al. Detecting variations in ovulation and menstruation during the COVID-19 pandemic, using real-world mobile app data. PLoS One. 2021;16(10):e0258314. DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0258314
11. Yuksel B, Ozgor F. Effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on female sexual behavior. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2020;150(1):98-102. DOI:10.1002/ijgo.13193
12. Ding T, Wang T, Zhang J, et al. Analysis of Ovarian Injury Associated With COVID-19 Disease in Reproductive-Aged Women in Wuhan, China: An Observational Study. Front Med (Lausanne). 2021;8:635255. DOI:10.3389/fmed.2021.635255
13. Jing Y, Run-Qian L, Hao-Ran W, et al. Potential influence of COVID-19/ACE2 on the female reproductive system. Mol Hum Reprod. 2020;26(6):367-73. DOI:10.1093/molehr/gaaa030
14. Парфенова Я.А., Шибельгут Н.М., Артымук Н.В. Влияние новой коронавирусной инфекции COVID-19 на репродуктивное здоровье женщин. Мать и дитя в Кузбассе. 2021;3(86):36-40 [Parfenova YaA, Shibelgut NM, Artymuk NV. The impact of new coronavirus infection COVID-19 on women’s reproductive health. Mat' i ditia v Kuzbasse.
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15. Warner P, Whitaker LHR, Parker RA, et al. Low dose dexamethasone as treatment for women with heavy menstrual bleeding: A response-adaptive randomised placebo-controlled dose-finding parallel group trial (DexFEM). EBioMedicine. 2021;69:103434. DOI:10.1016/j.ebiom.2021.103434
16. Henarejos-Castillo I, Sebastian-Leon P, Devesa-Peiro A, et al. SARS-CoV-2 infection risk assessment in the endometrium: viral infection-related gene expression across the menstrual cycle. Fertil Steril. 2020;114(2):223-32. DOI:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2020.06.026
17. Male V. Menstrual changes after COVID-19 vaccination. BMJ. 2021;374:n2211 DOI:10.1136/bmj.n2211
18. Muhaidat N, Alshrouf MA, Azzam MI, et al. Menstrual Symptoms After COVID-19 Vaccine: A Cross-Sectional Investigation in the MENA Region. Int J Womens Health.
2022;14:395-404. DOI:10.2147/IJWH.S352167
19. Зайцевская С.А., Долгушина Н.В., Сухих Г.Т. Влияние вакцин на репродуктивную систему. Акушерство и гинекология. 2020;9:5-10 [Zaitsevskaya SA, Dolgushina NV, Sukhikh GT. The effect of vaccines on the reproductive system. Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2020;9:5-10 (in Russian)]. DOI:10.18565/aig.2020.9.5-10
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22. Edelman A, Boniface ER, Benhar E, et al. Association Between Menstrual Cycle Length and Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Vaccination: A U.S. Cohort. Obstet Gynecol. 2022;139(4):481-9. DOI:10.1097/AOG.0000000000004695
23. Шепелева И.И., Чернышева А.А., Кирьянова Е.М., и др. Поражение нервной системы и психолого-психиатрические осложнения. Социальная и клиническая психиатрия. 2020;30(4):76-82 [Shepeleva II, Chernysheva AA, Kir'ianova EM, et al. Porazhenie nervnoi sistemy i psihologo-psihiatricheskie oslozhneniia. Social'naia i klinicheskaia psihiatriia. 2020;30(4):76-82 (in Russian)].
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3. Prado RCR, Silveira R, Asano RY. SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic and a possible impact in the future of menstrual cycle research. Health Sci Rep. 2021;4(2):e276. DOI:10.1002/hsr2.276
4. Palm-Fischbacher S, Ehlert U. Dispositional resilience as a moderator of the relationship between chronic stress and irregular menstrual cycle. J Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol. 2014;35(2):42-50. DOI:10.3109/0167482X.2014.912209
5. Halperin SJ, Henderson MN, Prenner S, et al. Prevalence of Anxiety and Depression Among Medical Students During the Covid-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study. J Med Educ Curric Dev. 2021;8:2382120521991150. DOI:10.1177/2382120521991150
6. Çimen İD, Alvur TM, Coşkun B, et al. Mental health of Turkish medical students during the COVID-19 pandemic. Int J Soc Psychiatry. 2022;68(6):1253-62. DOI:10.1177/00207640211066734
7. Takmaz T, Gundogmus I, Okten SB, et al. The impact of COVID-19-related mental health issues on menstrual cycle characteristics of female healthcare providers. J Obstet Gynaecol Res. 2021;47(9):3241-9. DOI:10.1111/jog.14900
8. Demir O, Sal H, Comba C. Triangle of COVID, anxiety and menstrual cycle. J Obstet Gynaecol. 2021;41(8):1257-61. DOI:10.1080/01443615.2021.1907562
9. Phelan N, Behan LA, Owens L. The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Women's Reproductive Health. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2021;12:642755. DOI:10.3389/fendo.2021.642755
10. Nguyen BT, Pang RD, Nelson AL, et al. Detecting variations in ovulation and menstruation during the COVID-19 pandemic, using real-world mobile app data. PLoS One. 2021;16(10):e0258314. DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0258314
11. Yuksel B, Ozgor F. Effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on female sexual behavior. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2020;150(1):98-102. DOI:10.1002/ijgo.13193
12. Ding T, Wang T, Zhang J, et al. Analysis of Ovarian Injury Associated With COVID-19 Disease in Reproductive-Aged Women in Wuhan, China: An Observational Study. Front Med (Lausanne). 2021;8:635255. DOI:10.3389/fmed.2021.635255
13. Jing Y, Run-Qian L, Hao-Ran W, et al. Potential influence of COVID-19/ACE2 on the female reproductive system. Mol Hum Reprod. 2020;26(6):367-73. DOI:10.1093/molehr/gaaa030
14. Parfenova YaA, Shibelgut NM, Artymuk NV. The impact of new coronavirus infection COVID-19 on women’s reproductive health. Mat' i ditia v Kuzbasse. 2021;3(86):36-40 (in Russian). DOI:10.24412/2686-7338-2021-3-36-40
15. Warner P, Whitaker LHR, Parker RA, et al. Low dose dexamethasone as treatment for women with heavy menstrual bleeding: A response-adaptive randomised placebo-controlled dose-finding parallel group trial (DexFEM). EBioMedicine. 2021;69:103434. DOI:10.1016/j.ebiom.2021.103434
16. Henarejos-Castillo I, Sebastian-Leon P, Devesa-Peiro A, et al. SARS-CoV-2 infection risk assessment in the endometrium: viral infection-related gene expression across the menstrual cycle. Fertil Steril. 2020;114(2):223-32. DOI:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2020.06.026
17. Male V. Menstrual changes after COVID-19 vaccination. BMJ. 2021;374:n2211 DOI:10.1136/bmj.n2211
18. Muhaidat N, Alshrouf MA, Azzam MI, et al. Menstrual Symptoms After COVID-19 Vaccine: A Cross-Sectional Investigation in the MENA Region. Int J Womens Health.
2022;14:395-404. DOI:10.2147/IJWH.S352167
19. Zaitsevskaya SA, Dolgushina NV, Sukhikh GT. The effect of vaccines on the reproductive system. Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2020;9:5-10 (in Russian). DOI:10.18565/aig.2020.9.5-10
20. Radloff LS. The CES-D scale: a self-report depression scale for research in the general population. Appl Psychol Meas. 1977;1(3):385-401.
21. Medina-Perucha L, López-Jiménez T, Holst AS, et al. Self-Reported Menstrual Alterations During the COVID-19 Syndemic in Spain: A Cross-Sectional Study. Int J Womens Health. 2022;14:529-44. DOI:10.2147/IJWH.S354655
22. Edelman A, Boniface ER, Benhar E, et al. Association Between Menstrual Cycle Length and Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Vaccination: A U.S. Cohort. Obstet Gynecol. 2022;139(4):481-9. DOI:10.1097/AOG.0000000000004695
23. Shepeleva II, Chernysheva AA, Kir'ianova EM, et al. Porazhenie nervnoi sistemy i psihologo-psihiatricheskie oslozhneniia. Social'naia i klinicheskaia psihiatriia. 2020;30(4):76-82 (in Russian).
24. Talevi D, Socci V, Carai M, et al. Mental health outcomes of the CoViD-19 pandemic. Riv Psichiatr. 2020;55(3):137-44. DOI:10.1708/3382.33569
25. Tiuvina NA, Balabanova VV, Voronina EO. Gendernye osobennosti depressivnyh rasstroistv u zhenshchin. Nevrologiia, neiropsihiatriia, psihosomatika. 2015;7(2):75-9 (in Russian).
Авторы
Т.И. Горбачева*1, М.Г. Николаева1,2, А.Е. Строганов1, О.В. Орлова1, Л.А. Хорева1, Ю.М. Уварова3, Е.А. Денисюк1, Ю.С. Оловянников1
1ФГБОУ ВО «Алтайский государственный медицинский университет», Барнаул, Россия;
2Алтайский филиал ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр гематологии» Минздрава России, Барнаул, Россия;
3КГБУЗ «Краевая клиническая больница скорой медицинской помощи», Барнаул, Россия
*tg72@bk.ru
1Altai State Medical University, Barnaul, Russia;
2Altai Branch of the National Medical Research Center for Hematology, Barnaul, Russia;
3Regional Clinical Emergency Hospital, Barnaul, Russia
*tg72@bk.ru
1ФГБОУ ВО «Алтайский государственный медицинский университет», Барнаул, Россия;
2Алтайский филиал ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр гематологии» Минздрава России, Барнаул, Россия;
3КГБУЗ «Краевая клиническая больница скорой медицинской помощи», Барнаул, Россия
*tg72@bk.ru
________________________________________________
1Altai State Medical University, Barnaul, Russia;
2Altai Branch of the National Medical Research Center for Hematology, Barnaul, Russia;
3Regional Clinical Emergency Hospital, Barnaul, Russia
*tg72@bk.ru
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