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Обильные менструальные кровотечения и анемия: проблема нарастает и требует решения
Обильные менструальные кровотечения и анемия: проблема нарастает и требует решения
Чернуха Г.Е. Обильные менструальные кровотечения и анемия: проблема нарастает и требует решения. Гинекология. 2024;26(3):260–269. DOI: 10.26442/20795696.2024.3.202894
© ООО «КОНСИЛИУМ МЕДИКУМ», 2024 г.
© ООО «КОНСИЛИУМ МЕДИКУМ», 2024 г.
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Аннотация
Анемия – одна из глобальных проблем здравоохранения, затрагивающая около 1/4 мирового населения, особенно женщин репродуктивного возраста и детей раннего возраста. В 50–75% случаев анемия является вторичной по отношению к железодефициту (ЖД). Несмотря на высокую распространенность обильных менструальных кровотечений (ОМК), связанные с ними железодефицитные расстройства недооцениваются, хотя резко снижают качество жизни и несут значительные риски для матери, плода и новорожденного в случае наступления беременности. С этой целью рекомендуется рутинный скрининг девушек и женщин репродуктивного возраста на наличие ЖД и анемии. Новая инициатива FIGO призвана повысить осведомленность женщин и клиницистов о взаимосвязи ОМК и железодефицитных состояний. Ключевое значение имеют: ранняя диагностика ОМК, устранение возможной причины, выявление связанных с ней железодефицитных нарушений, особенно доклинических форм. Главной задачей гинеколога является назначение терапии, направленной на быстрое прекращение высоких ежемесячных потерь железа и восполнение имеющегося ЖД. Согласно Российским клиническим рекомендациям комбинированные оральные контрацептивы и внутриматочная система с левоноргестрелом относятся к терапии 1-й линии для снижения объема менструальной кровопотери у пациенток с ОМК, нуждающихся в контрацепции. Препараты Клайра® и Мирена® являются единственными гормональными препаратами, зарегистрированными для контрацепции и лечения ОМК, не связанных со структурными нарушениями матки, поскольку их значительный эффект в снижении менструальной кровопотери, восстановлении уровней гемоглобина и ферритина подтвержден в исследованиях с высоким уровнем доказательности.
Ключевые слова: обильное менструальное кровотечение, дефицит железа, железодефицитная анемия, качество жизни, менструальная кровопотеря, ферритин, комбинированный оральный контрацептив, эстрадиола валерат/диеногест, внутриматочная система с левоноргестрелом
Keywords: heavy menstrual bleeding, iron deficiency, iron deficiency anemia, quality of life, menstrual blood loss, ferritin, combined oral contraceptive, estradiol valerate/dienogest, levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system
Ключевые слова: обильное менструальное кровотечение, дефицит железа, железодефицитная анемия, качество жизни, менструальная кровопотеря, ферритин, комбинированный оральный контрацептив, эстрадиола валерат/диеногест, внутриматочная система с левоноргестрелом
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Keywords: heavy menstrual bleeding, iron deficiency, iron deficiency anemia, quality of life, menstrual blood loss, ferritin, combined oral contraceptive, estradiol valerate/dienogest, levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system
Полный текст
Список литературы
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18. Munro MG. Abnormal uterine bleeding: A well-travelled path to iron deficiency and anemia. Int J Gynecol Obstet. 2020;150(3):275-7. DOI:10.1002/ijgo.13180
19. Da Silva Filho AL, Caetano C, Lahav A, et al. The difficult journey to treatment for women suffering from heavy menstrual bleeding: a multinational survey. Eur J Contracept Reprod Health Care. 2021;26(5):390-8. DOI:10.1080/13625187.2021.1925881
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22. Dugan C, MacLean B, Cabolis K, et al. The misogyny of iron deficiency. Anaesthesia. 2021;76(Suppl. 4):56-62. DOI:10.1111/anae.1543224
23. Beckert RH, Baer RJ, Anderson JG, et al. Maternal anemia and pregnancy outcomes: a population-based study. J Perinatol. 2019;39(7):911-9. DOI:10.1038/s41372-019-0375-0
24. Adam I, Salih Y, Hamdan HZ. Association of Maternal Anemia and Cesarean Delivery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Clin Med. 2023;12(2):490. DOI:10.3390/jcm12020490
25. Ardic C, Usta O, Omar E, et al. Relationship between anaemia during pregnancy and preterm delivery. J Obstet Gynaecol. 2019;39(7):903-6. DOI:10.1080/01443615.2019.1572726
26. Azami M, Badfar G, Khalighi Z, et al. The association between anemia and postpartum depression: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Caspian J Intern Med. 2019;10(2):115-24. DOI:10.22088/cjim.10.2.115
27. Bailey RL, West KP Jr, Black RE. The epidemiology of global micronutrient deficiencies. Ann Nutr Metab. 2015;66(Suppl. 2):22-33. DOI:10.1159/000371618
28. Moos T, Skjørringe T, Thomsen LL. Iron deficiency and iron treatment in the fetal developing brain – a pilot study introducing an experimental rat model. Reprod Health. 2018;15(Suppl. 1):93. DOI:10.1186/s12978-018-0537-0
29. Shikh EV, Bril' IuA. Zhelezodefitsit: katastrofa dlia neirogeneza. StatusPraesens. 2018;5:82-8 (in Russian).
30. Vinogradova MA. Anemia in reproductive-aged women: diagnosis and correction of iron deficiency. Obstetrics and Gynegology. 2019;6:140-5 (in Russian). DOI:10.18565/aig.2019.6.140-145
31. Georgieff MK. The importance of iron deficiency in pregnancy on fetal, neonatal, and infant neurodevelopmental outcomes. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2023;162(Suppl. 2):83-8. DOI:10.1002/ijgo.14951
32. Oh C, Keats EC, Bhutta ZA. Vitamin and mineral supplementation during pregnancy on maternal, birth, child health and development outcomes in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutrients. 2020;12(2):491. DOI:10.3390/nu12020491
33. Athe R, Dwivedi R, Pati S, et al. Meta-analysis approach on iron fortification and its effect on pregnancy and its outcome through randomized, controlled trials. J Fam Med Prim Care. 2020;9(2):513-9. DOI:10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_817_19
34. Daru J, Zamora J, Fernández-Félix BM, et al. Risk of maternal mortality in women with severe anaemia during pregnancy and postpartum: a multilevel analysis. Lancet Glob Health. 2018;6(5):e548-54. DOI:10.1016/S2214-109X(18)30078-04
35. Jung J, Rahman MM, Rahman MS, et al. Effects of hemoglobin levels during pregnancy on adverse maternal and infant outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2019;1450(1):69-82. DOI:10.1111/nyas.14112
36. Chernukha GE. Relevance of abnormal uterine bleeding issue in young women and its comprehensive solution considering 2021 Russian Guidelines. Gynecology. 2022;24(3):198-205 (in Russian). DOI:10.26442/20795696.2022.3.201683
37. Magnay JL, O’Brien S, Gerlinger C, Seitz C. Pictorial methods to assess heavy menstrual bleeding in research and clinical practice: a systematic literature review. BMC Womens Health. 2020;20(1):24. DOI:10.1186/s12905-020-0887-y
38. Singh SS, Calaf Alsina J, Vannuccini S, et al. Clinical perspectives on the menstrual pictogram for the assessment of heavy menstrual bleeding. Hum Reprod Open. 2022;2022(4):hoac048. DOI:10.1093/hropen/hoac048
39. WHO guideline on use of ferritin concentrations to assess iron status in individuals and populations. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2020. Available at: https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240000124. Accessed: 01.07.2024.
40. Finkelstein JL, Fothergill A, Guetterman HM, et al. Iron status and inflammation in women of reproductive age: A population-based biomarker survey and clinical study. Clin Nutr ESPEN. 2022;49:483-94. DOI:10.1016/j.clnesp.2022.02.123
41. Shabaan MM, Zakherah MS, El-Nashar SA, Sayed GH. Levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system compared to low dose combined oral contraceptive pills for idiopathic menorrhagia: A randomized clinical trial. Contraception. 2011;83(1):48-54. DOI:10.1016/j.contraception.2010.06.011
42. Lukes AS, Moore KA, Muse KN, et al. Tranexamic acid treatment for heavy menstrual bleeding: A randomized controlled trial. Obstet Gynecol. 2010;116(4):865-75. DOI:10.1097/AOG.0b013e3181f20177
43. Fraser IS, Parke S, Mellinger U, et al. Effective treatment of heavy and/or prolonged menstrual bleeding without organic cause: pooled analysis of two multinational, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials of oestradiol valerate and dienogest. Eur J Contracept Reprod Health Care. 2011;16(4):258-69. DOI:10.3109/13625187.2011.591456
44. Ahrendt HJ, Makalova D, Parke S, et al. Bleeding pattern and cycle control with an estradiol-based oral contraceptive: a seven-cycle, randomized comparative trial of estradiol valerate/dienogest and ethinyl estradiol/levonorgestrel. Contraception. 2009;80(5):436-44. DOI:10.1016/j.contraception.2009.03.018
45. Fruzzetti F, Paoletti AM, Fidecicchi T, et al. Contraception with estradiol valerate and dienogest: adherence to the method. Open Access J Contracept. 2019;10:1-6. DOI:10.2147/OAJC.S204655
46. Briggs P, Serrani M, Vogtländer K, Parke S. Continuation rates, bleeding profile acceptability, and satisfaction of women using an oral contraceptive pill containing estradiol valerate and dienogest versus a progestogen-only pill after switching from an ethinylestradiol-containing pill in a real-life setting: results of the CONTENT study. Int J Womens Health.
2016;8:477-87. DOI:10.2147/IJWH.S107586
47. Andreeva EN, Sheremetyeva EV, Prilepskaya VN. National medical eligibility criteria for contraceptive use 2023: focus on women's reproductive health: A review. Gynecology. 2023;25(2):124-32 (in Russian). DOI:10.26442/20795696.2023.2.202236
48. Prilepskaya VN, Andreeva EN. Satisfaction of young women with estradiol valerate/dienogest in real clinical practice in Russia: results of prospective multicenter observational study Q-SWAN. Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2024;3:108-17 (in Russian). DOI:10.18565/aig.2024.21
49. Jensen JT, Bitzer J, Nappi RE, et al. Pooled analysis of bleeding profile, efficacy and safety of oral oestradiol valerate/dienogest in women aged 25 and under. Eur J Contracept Reprod Health Care. 2020;25(2):98-105. DOI:10.1080/13625187.2020.1731734
50. Gemzell-Danielsson K, Kubba A, Caetano CF. Thirty years of Mirena: a story of innovation and change in women’s healthcare. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2021;100:614-8. DOI:10.1111/aogs.14110
51. Agarwal M, Singh S, Sinha S, et al. Comparison of Bleeding Pattern and Quality of Life Before and After the Insertion of a Levonorgestrel Intrauterine System for Heavy Menstrual Bleeding: A Seven-Year Review. Cureus. 2023;15(3):36142. DOI:10.7759/cureus.36142
52. Chen BA, Eisenberg DL, Schreiber CA, et al. Bleeding changes after levonorgestrel 52-mg intrauterine system insertion for contraception in women with self-reported heavy menstrual bleeding. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2020;222(4S):S888.e1-6. DOI:10.1016/j.ajog.2019.11.1288
53. Beelen P, van den Brink MJ, Herman MC, et al. Levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system versus endometrial ablation for heavy menstrual bleeding. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2021;224(2):187.e1-10. DOI:10.1016/j.ajog.2020.08.016
54. Van den Brink MJ, Beelen P, Herman MC, et al. The levonorgestrel intrauterine system versus endometrial ablation for heavy menstrual bleeding: a cost-effectiveness analysis. BJOG. 2021;128:2003-11. DOI:10.1111/1471-0528.16836
55. Okam MM, Koch TA, Tran MH. Iron deficiency anemia treatment response to oral iron therapy: a pooled analysis of five randomized controlled trials. Haematologica. 2016;101:e6-7. DOI:10.3324/haematol.2015.129114
2. Баранов И.И., Сальникова И.А., Нестерова Л.А. Клинические рекомендации по диагностике и лечению железодефицитных состояний: взгляд из 2022 г. Акушерство и гинекология: новости, мнения, обучение. 2022;10(2):56-64 [Baranov II, Salnikova IA, Nesterova LA. Clinical practice guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of iron deficiency: the view from 2022. Obstetrics and Gynecology: News, Opinions, Training. 2022;10(2):56-64 (in Russian)]. DOI:10.33029/2303-9698-2022-10-2-56-64
3. International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics. FIGO Statement: Iron deficiency and anaemia in women and girls. 2023. Available at: www.figo.org/resources/figo-statements/iron-deficiency-and-anaemia-women-and-girls. Accessed: 01.07.2024.
4. Williams AM, Addo OY, Grosse SD, et al. Data needed to respond appropriately to anemia when it is a public health problem. Ann NY Acad Sci. 2019;1450(1):268-80. DOI:10.1111/nyas.14175
5. Chaparro CM, Suchdev PS. Anemia epidemiology, pathophysiology, and etiology in low- and middle-income countries. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2019;1450(1):15-31. DOI:10.1111/nyas.14092
6. Аномальные маточные кровотечения. Клинические рекомендации Российского общества акушеров-гинекологов (РОАГ). 2021 [Anomal'nye matochnye krovotecheniia. Klinicheskie rekomendatsii Rossiiskogo obshchestva akusherov-ginekologov (ROAG). 2021 (in Russian)].
7. Munro MG, Critchley HOD, Fraser IS; FIGO Menstrual Disorders Committee. The two FIGO systems for normal and abnormal uterine bleeding symptoms and classification of causes of abnormal uterine bleeding in the reproductive years: 2018 revisions. Int J Obstet Gynecol. 2018;143(3):393-408. DOI:10.1002/ijgo.12666
8. Munro MG, Mast AE, Powers JM, et al. The relationship between heavy menstrual bleeding, iron deficiency, and iron deficiency anemia. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2023;229(1):1-9. DOI:10.1016/j.ajog.2023.01.017
9. Kocaoz S, Cirpan R, Degirmencioglu AZ. The prevalence and impacts heavy menstrual bleeding on anemia, fatigue and quality of life in women of reproductive age. Pak J Med Sci. 2019;35(2):365-70. DOI:10.12669/pjms.35.2.644
10. Романов А.Ю., Солдатова Е.Е., Гаджиева А.Р., Кесова М.И. Профилактика железодефицитной анемии при беременности и лактации. Медицинский совет. 2020;(3):85-9 [Romanov AY, Soldatova EE, Gadzhieva AR, Kesova MI. Prevention of iron deficiency anemia in pregnancy and lactation. Medical Council. 2020;(3):85-9 (in Russian)].
DOI:10.21518/2079-701X-2020-3-85-89
11. Wiegersma AM, Dalman C, Lee BK, et al. Association of prenatal maternal anemia with neurodevelopmental disorders. JAMA Psychiatry. 2019;76(12):1294-304. DOI:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2019.2309
12. Janbek J, Sarki M, Specht IO, Heitmann BL. A systematic literature review of the relation between iron status/anemia in pregnancy and offspring neurodevelopment. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2019;73(12):1561-78. DOI:10.1038/s41430-019-0400-6
13. Резолюция совета экспертов по железодефицитной анемии у женщин. Акушерство и гинекология: новости, мнения, обучение. 2020;8(4):28-36 [Expert council resolution on iron-deficiency anemia in women. Obstetrics and Gynecology: News, Opinions, Training. 2020;8(4):28-36 (in Russian)]. DOI:10.24411/2303-9698-2020-14004
14. National Institute of Health and Care Excellence. Heavy menstrual bleeding: assessment and management. NICE guideline. 2018. Last updated: 24 May 2021. Available at: https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng88/resources/heavy-menstrual-bleeding-assessment-and-management-p.... Accessed: 01.07.2024.
15. Shimamoto K, Hirano M, Wada-Hiraike O, et al. Examining the association between menstrual symptoms and health related quality of life among working women in Japan using the EQ-5D. BMC Womens Health. 2021;21(1):325. DOI:10.1186/s12905-021-01462-7
16. Schoep ME, Adang EMM, Maas JWM, et al. Productivity loss due to menstruation-related symptoms: a nationwide cross-sectional survey among 32 748 women. BMJ Open. 2019;9(6):e026186. DOI:10.1136/bmjopen-2018-026186
17. Schoep ME, Nieboer TE, van der Zanden M, et al. The impact of menstrual symptoms on everyday life: a survey among 42,879 women. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2019;220(6):569e1-7. DOI:10.1016/j.ajog.2019.02.048
18. Munro MG. Abnormal uterine bleeding: A well-travelled path to iron deficiency and anemia. Int J Gynecol Obstet. 2020;150(3):275-7. DOI:10.1002/ijgo.13180
19. Da Silva Filho AL, Caetano C, Lahav A, et al. The difficult journey to treatment for women suffering from heavy menstrual bleeding: a multinational survey. Eur J Contracept Reprod Health Care. 2021;26(5):390-8. DOI:10.1080/13625187.2021.1925881
20. Mansour D, Hofmann A, Gemzell-Danielsson K. A Review of Clinical Guidelines on the Management of Iron Deficiency and Iron-Deficiency Anemia in Women with Heavy Menstrual Bleeding. Adv Ther. 2021;38(1):201-25. DOI:10.1007/s12325-020-01564-y
21. Железодефицитная анемия. Клинические рекомендации. 2021. [Zhelezodefitsitnaia anemiia. Klinicheskie rekomendatsii. 2021 (in Russian)].
22. Dugan C, MacLean B, Cabolis K, et al. The misogyny of iron deficiency. Anaesthesia. 2021;76(Suppl. 4):56-62. DOI:10.1111/anae.1543224
23. Beckert RH, Baer RJ, Anderson JG, et al. Maternal anemia and pregnancy outcomes: a population-based study. J Perinatol. 2019;39(7):911-9. DOI:10.1038/s41372-019-0375-0
24. Adam I, Salih Y, Hamdan HZ. Association of Maternal Anemia and Cesarean Delivery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Clin Med. 2023;12(2):490. DOI:10.3390/jcm12020490
25. Ardic C, Usta O, Omar E, et al. Relationship between anaemia during pregnancy and preterm delivery. J Obstet Gynaecol. 2019;39(7):903-6. DOI:10.1080/01443615.2019.1572726
26. Azami M, Badfar G, Khalighi Z, et al. The association between anemia and postpartum depression: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Caspian J Intern Med. 2019;10(2):115-24. DOI:10.22088/cjim.10.2.115
27. Bailey RL, West KP Jr, Black RE. The epidemiology of global micronutrient deficiencies. Ann Nutr Metab. 2015;66(Suppl. 2):22-33. DOI:10.1159/000371618
28. Moos T, Skjørringe T, Thomsen LL. Iron deficiency and iron treatment in the fetal developing brain – a pilot study introducing an experimental rat model. Reprod Health. 2018;15(Suppl. 1):93. DOI:10.1186/s12978-018-0537-0
29. Ших Е.В., Бриль Ю.А. Железодефицит: катастрофа для нейрогенеза. StatusPraesens. 2018;5:82-8 [Shikh EV, Bril' IuA. Zhelezodefitsit: katastrofa dlia neirogeneza. StatusPraesens. 2018;5:82-8 (in Russian)].
30. Виноградова М.А. Анемия у женщин репродуктивного возраста: диагностика и коррекция железодефицита. Акушерство и гинекология. 2019;6:140-5 [Vinogradova MA. Anemia in reproductive-aged women: diagnosis and correction of iron deficiency. Obstetrics and Gynegology. 2019;6:140-5 (in Russian)]. DOI:10.18565/aig.2019.6.140-145
31. Georgieff MK. The importance of iron deficiency in pregnancy on fetal, neonatal, and infant neurodevelopmental outcomes. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2023;162(Suppl. 2):83-8. DOI:10.1002/ijgo.14951
32. Oh C, Keats EC, Bhutta ZA. Vitamin and mineral supplementation during pregnancy on maternal, birth, child health and development outcomes in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutrients. 2020;12(2):491. DOI:10.3390/nu12020491
33. Athe R, Dwivedi R, Pati S, et al. Meta-analysis approach on iron fortification and its effect on pregnancy and its outcome through randomized, controlled trials. J Fam Med Prim Care. 2020;9(2):513-9. DOI:10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_817_19
34. Daru J, Zamora J, Fernández-Félix BM, et al. Risk of maternal mortality in women with severe anaemia during pregnancy and postpartum: a multilevel analysis. Lancet Glob Health. 2018;6(5):e548-54. DOI:10.1016/S2214-109X(18)30078-04
35. Jung J, Rahman MM, Rahman MS, et al. Effects of hemoglobin levels during pregnancy on adverse maternal and infant outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2019;1450(1):69-82. DOI:10.1111/nyas.14112
36. Чернуха Г.Е. Актуальность проблемы аномальных маточных кровотечений у молодых женщин и ее комплексное решение в свете российских рекомендаций 2021. Гинекология. 2022;24(3):198-205 [Chernukha GE. Relevance of abnormal uterine bleeding issue in young women and its comprehensive solution considering 2021 Russian Guidelines. Gynecology. 2022;24(3):198-205 (in Russian)]. DOI:10.26442/20795696.2022.3.201683
37. Magnay JL, O’Brien S, Gerlinger C, Seitz C. Pictorial methods to assess heavy menstrual bleeding in research and clinical practice: a systematic literature review. BMC Womens Health. 2020;20(1):24. DOI:10.1186/s12905-020-0887-y
38. Singh SS, Calaf Alsina J, Vannuccini S, et al. Clinical perspectives on the menstrual pictogram for the assessment of heavy menstrual bleeding. Hum Reprod Open. 2022;2022(4):hoac048. DOI:10.1093/hropen/hoac048
39. WHO guideline on use of ferritin concentrations to assess iron status in individuals and populations. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2020. Available at: https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240000124. Accessed: 01.07.2024.
40. Finkelstein JL, Fothergill A, Guetterman HM, et al. Iron status and inflammation in women of reproductive age: A population-based biomarker survey and clinical study. Clin Nutr ESPEN. 2022;49:483-94. DOI:10.1016/j.clnesp.2022.02.123
41. Shabaan MM, Zakherah MS, El-Nashar SA, Sayed GH. Levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system compared to low dose combined oral contraceptive pills for idiopathic menorrhagia: A randomized clinical trial. Contraception. 2011;83(1):48-54. DOI:10.1016/j.contraception.2010.06.011
42. Lukes AS, Moore KA, Muse KN, et al. Tranexamic acid treatment for heavy menstrual bleeding: A randomized controlled trial. Obstet Gynecol. 2010;116(4):865-75. DOI:10.1097/AOG.0b013e3181f20177
43. Fraser IS, Parke S, Mellinger U, et al. Effective treatment of heavy and/or prolonged menstrual bleeding without organic cause: pooled analysis of two multinational, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials of oestradiol valerate and dienogest. Eur J Contracept Reprod Health Care. 2011;16(4):258-69. DOI:10.3109/13625187.2011.591456
44. Ahrendt HJ, Makalova D, Parke S, et al. Bleeding pattern and cycle control with an estradiol-based oral contraceptive: a seven-cycle, randomized comparative trial of estradiol valerate/dienogest and ethinyl estradiol/levonorgestrel. Contraception. 2009;80(5):436-44. DOI:10.1016/j.contraception.2009.03.018
45. Fruzzetti F, Paoletti AM, Fidecicchi T, et al. Contraception with estradiol valerate and dienogest: adherence to the method. Open Access J Contracept. 2019;10:1-6. DOI:10.2147/OAJC.S204655
46. Briggs P, Serrani M, Vogtländer K, Parke S. Continuation rates, bleeding profile acceptability, and satisfaction of women using an oral contraceptive pill containing estradiol valerate and dienogest versus a progestogen-only pill after switching from an ethinylestradiol-containing pill in a real-life setting: results of the CONTENT study. Int J Womens Health.
2016;8:477-87. DOI:10.2147/IJWH.S107586
47. Андреева Е.Н., Шереметьева Е.В., Прилепская В.Н. Национальные медицинские критерии приемлемости методов контрацепции 2023: фокус на сохранение репродуктивного здоровья женщин. Гинекология. 2023;25(2):124-32 [Andreeva EN, Sheremetyeva EV, Prilepskaya VN. National medical eligibility criteria for contraceptive use 2023: focus on women's reproductive health: A review. Gynecology. 2023;25(2):124-32 (in Russian)]. DOI:10.26442/20795696.2023.2.202236
48. Прилепская В.Н., Андреева Е.Н. Удовлетворенность молодых женщин препаратом Э2В/ДНГ в реальной клинической практике в России: результаты проспективного многоцентрового наблюдательного исследования «Лебедь». Акушерство и гинекология. 2024;3:108-17 [Prilepskaya VN, Andreeva EN. Satisfaction of young women with estradiol valerate/dienogest in real clinical practice in Russia: results of prospective multicenter observational study Q-SWAN. Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2024;3:108-17 (in Russian)]. DOI:10.18565/aig.2024.21
49. Jensen JT, Bitzer J, Nappi RE, et al. Pooled analysis of bleeding profile, efficacy and safety of oral oestradiol valerate/dienogest in women aged 25 and under. Eur J Contracept Reprod Health Care. 2020;25(2):98-105. DOI:10.1080/13625187.2020.1731734
50. Gemzell-Danielsson K, Kubba A, Caetano CF. Thirty years of Mirena: a story of innovation and change in women’s healthcare. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2021;100:614-8. DOI:10.1111/aogs.14110
51. Agarwal M, Singh S, Sinha S, et al. Comparison of Bleeding Pattern and Quality of Life Before and After the Insertion of a Levonorgestrel Intrauterine System for Heavy Menstrual Bleeding: A Seven-Year Review. Cureus. 2023;15(3):36142. DOI:10.7759/cureus.36142
52. Chen BA, Eisenberg DL, Schreiber CA, et al. Bleeding changes after levonorgestrel 52-mg intrauterine system insertion for contraception in women with self-reported heavy menstrual bleeding. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2020;222(4S):S888.e1-6. DOI:10.1016/j.ajog.2019.11.1288
53. Beelen P, van den Brink MJ, Herman MC, et al. Levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system versus endometrial ablation for heavy menstrual bleeding. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2021;224(2):187.e1-10. DOI:10.1016/j.ajog.2020.08.016
54. Van den Brink MJ, Beelen P, Herman MC, et al. The levonorgestrel intrauterine system versus endometrial ablation for heavy menstrual bleeding: a cost-effectiveness analysis. BJOG. 2021;128:2003-11. DOI:10.1111/1471-0528.16836
55. Okam MM, Koch TA, Tran MH. Iron deficiency anemia treatment response to oral iron therapy: a pooled analysis of five randomized controlled trials. Haematologica. 2016;101:e6-7. DOI:10.3324/haematol.2015.129114
________________________________________________
2. Baranov II, Salnikova IA, Nesterova LA. Clinical practice guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of iron deficiency: the view from 2022. Obstetrics and Gynecology: News, Opinions, Training. 2022;10(2):56-64 (in Russian). DOI:10.33029/2303-9698-2022-10-2-56-64
3. International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics. FIGO Statement: Iron deficiency and anaemia in women and girls. 2023. Available at: www.figo.org/resources/figo-statements/iron-deficiency-and-anaemia-women-and-girls. Accessed: 01.07.2024.
4. Williams AM, Addo OY, Grosse SD, et al. Data needed to respond appropriately to anemia when it is a public health problem. Ann NY Acad Sci. 2019;1450(1):268-80. DOI:10.1111/nyas.14175
5. Chaparro CM, Suchdev PS. Anemia epidemiology, pathophysiology, and etiology in low- and middle-income countries. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2019;1450(1):15-31. DOI:10.1111/nyas.14092
6. Anomal'nye matochnye krovotecheniia. Klinicheskie rekomendatsii Rossiiskogo obshchestva akusherov-ginekologov (ROAG). 2021 (in Russian).
7. Munro MG, Critchley HOD, Fraser IS; FIGO Menstrual Disorders Committee. The two FIGO systems for normal and abnormal uterine bleeding symptoms and classification of causes of abnormal uterine bleeding in the reproductive years: 2018 revisions. Int J Obstet Gynecol. 2018;143(3):393-408. DOI:10.1002/ijgo.12666
8. Munro MG, Mast AE, Powers JM, et al. The relationship between heavy menstrual bleeding, iron deficiency, and iron deficiency anemia. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2023;229(1):1-9. DOI:10.1016/j.ajog.2023.01.017
9. Kocaoz S, Cirpan R, Degirmencioglu AZ. The prevalence and impacts heavy menstrual bleeding on anemia, fatigue and quality of life in women of reproductive age. Pak J Med Sci. 2019;35(2):365-70. DOI:10.12669/pjms.35.2.644
10. Romanov AY, Soldatova EE, Gadzhieva AR, Kesova MI. Prevention of iron deficiency anemia in pregnancy and lactation. Medical Council. 2020;(3):85-9 (in Russian). DOI:10.21518/2079-701X-2020-3-85-89
11. Wiegersma AM, Dalman C, Lee BK, et al. Association of prenatal maternal anemia with neurodevelopmental disorders. JAMA Psychiatry. 2019;76(12):1294-304. DOI:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2019.2309
12. Janbek J, Sarki M, Specht IO, Heitmann BL. A systematic literature review of the relation between iron status/anemia in pregnancy and offspring neurodevelopment. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2019;73(12):1561-78. DOI:10.1038/s41430-019-0400-6
13. Expert council resolution on iron-deficiency anemia in women. Obstetrics and Gynecology: News, Opinions, Training. 2020;8(4):28-36 (in Russian).
DOI:10.24411/2303-9698-2020-14004
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Авторы
Г.Е. Чернуха*
ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр акушерства, гинекологии и перинатологии им. акад. В.И. Кулакова» Минздрава России, Москва, Россия
*g_chernukha@oparina4.ru
Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Moscow, Russia
*g_chernukha@oparina4.ru
ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр акушерства, гинекологии и перинатологии им. акад. В.И. Кулакова» Минздрава России, Москва, Россия
*g_chernukha@oparina4.ru
________________________________________________
Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Moscow, Russia
*g_chernukha@oparina4.ru
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