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Основы консультирования при назначении вагинального контрацептивного кольца с этинилэстрадиолом и этоногестрелом
Пустотина О.А., Терехов М.А. Основы консультирования при назначении вагинального контрацептивного кольца с этинилэстрадиолом и этоногестрелом. Гинекология. 2025;27(1):54–60. DOI: 10.26442/20795696.2025.1.203067
© ООО «КОНСИЛИУМ МЕДИКУМ», 2025 г.
© ООО «КОНСИЛИУМ МЕДИКУМ», 2025 г.
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Pustotina OA, Terekhov MA. Basics of counseling when prescribing vaginal contraceptive rings with ethinyl estradiol and etonogestrel: A review. Gynecology. 2025;27(1):54–60. DOI: 10.26442/20795696.2025.1.203067
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Аннотация
Использование вагинального контрацептивного кольца (ВКК) относится к пролонгированным методам предупреждения нежелательной беременности, не требующим ежедневного применения. ВКК обладает высокой противозачаточной эффективностью и рядом преимуществ по сравнению с традиционным пероральным приемом таблеток, повышая приверженность применению метода за счет отсутствия необходимости ежедневного контроля со стороны женщины. Кроме того, оно обладает рядом неконтрацептивных свойств и особенностей, которые могут быть использованы в особых клинических ситуациях, когда важно индивидуально подобрать метод контрацепции. В статье представлен обзор литературы о вагинальном методе контрацепции, дана сравнительная характеристика комбинированных оральных контрацептивов с ВКК с оценкой основных их преимуществ и недостатков, а также основные правила профессионального консультирования.
Ключевые слова: вагинальное кольцо с этинилэстрадиолом и этоногестрелом, вагинальная контрацепция, вагинальная рилизинг-система с этоногестрелом, пролонгированная контрацепция
Ключевые слова: вагинальное кольцо с этинилэстрадиолом и этоногестрелом, вагинальная контрацепция, вагинальная рилизинг-система с этоногестрелом, пролонгированная контрацепция
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Vaginal contraceptive rings are one of the prolonged methods of preventing unwanted pregnancies that do not require daily use. The vaginal contraceptive rings have high contraceptive efficacy and several advantages over traditional oral pills, increasing adherence to the method due to the absence of the need for daily control by the woman. Also, it has some non-contraceptive properties and features that can be used in specific clinical situations that require tailoring a contraception method. The article presents a literature review on the vaginal contraceptive method, a comparative description of combined oral contraceptives with vaginal contraceptive rings, the main advantages and disadvantages of vaginal contraceptive rings, as well as the basic rules of professional counseling.
Keywords: vaginal ring with ethinyl estradiol and etonogestrel, vaginal contraception, vaginal releasing system with etonogestrel, prolonged contraception
Полный текст
Список литературы
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9. Roumen FJ, Mishell DR Jr. The contraceptive vaginal ring, NuvaRing(®), a decade after its introduction. Eur J Contracept Reprod Health Care. 2012;17(6):415-27. DOI:10.3109/13625187.2012.713535
10. Sarkar NN. The combined contraceptive vaginal device (NuvaRing): A comprehensive review. Eur J Contracept Reprod Health Care. 2005;10(2):73-8. DOI:10.1080/13625180500131683
11. Duijkers I, Klipping C, Heger-Mahn D, et al. Phase II dose-finding study on ovulation inhibition and cycle control associated with the use of contraceptive vaginal rings containing 17β-estradiol and the progestagens etonogestrel or nomegestrol acetate compared to NuvaRing. Eur J Contracept Reprod Health Care. 2018;23(4):245-54. DOI:10.1080/13625187.2018.1506101
12. Fischer-Holzhausen S, Röblitz S. Hormonal regulation of ovarian follicle growth in humans: Model-based exploration of cycle variability and parameter sensitivities. J Theor Biol. 2022;547:111150. DOI:10.1016/j.jtbi.2022.111150
13. Taylor HS, Pal L, Seli E, eds. Clinical gynecologic endocrinology and infertility. 9th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, 2019.
14. Bastianelli C, Farris M, Rosato E, et al. Pharmacodynamics of combined estrogen-progestin oral contraceptives 3. Inhibition of ovulation. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol. 2018;11(11):1085-98. DOI:10.1080/17512433.2018.1536544
15. Clinical effectiveness unit. Сombined hormonal contraception. London: Faculty of Sexual and Reproductive Healthcare, 2020.
16. Trussell J. Contraceptive failure in the United States. Contraception. 2011;83(5):397-404. DOI:10.1016/j.contraception.2011.01.021
17. Oddsson K, Leifels-Fischer B, de Melo NR, et al. Efficacy and safety of a contraceptive vaginal ring (NuvaRing) compared with a combined oral contraceptive: A 1-year randomized trial. Contraception. 2005;71(3):176-82. DOI:10.1016/j.contraception.2004.09.001
18. Ahrendt HJ, Nisand I, Bastianelli C, et al. Efficacy, acceptability and tolerability of the combined contraceptive ring, NuvaRing, compared with an oral contraceptive containing 30 microg of ethinyl estradiol and 3 mg of drospirenone. Contraception. 2006;74(6):451-7. DOI:10.1016/j.contraception.2006.07.004
19. López-Picado A, Lapuente O, Lete I. Efficacy and side-effects profile of the ethinylestradiol and etonogestrel contraceptive vaginal ring: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Contracept Reprod Health Care. 2017;22(2):131-46. DOI:10.1080/13625187.2017.1287351
20. Haring T, Mulders TM. The combined contraceptive ring NuvaRing and spermicide co-medication. Contraception. 2003;67(4):271-2. DOI:10.1016/s0010-7824(03)00002-7
21. Verhoeven CH, Dieben TO. The combined contraceptive vaginal ring, NuvaRing, and tampon co-usage. Contraception. 2004;69(3):197-9. DOI:10.1016/j.contraception.2003.10.014
22. Verhoeven CH, van den Heuvel MW, Mulders TM, Dieben TO. The contraceptive vaginal ring, NuvaRing, and antimycotic co-medication. Contraception. 2004;69(2):129-32. DOI:10.1016/j.contraception.2003.10.001
23. Lopez LM, Grimes DA, Gallo MF, et al. Skin patch and vaginal ring versus combined oral contraceptives for contraception. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013;2013(4):CD003552. DOI:10.1002/14651858.CD003552.pub4
24. Gilliam ML, Neustadt A, Kozloski M, et al. Adherence and acceptability of the contraceptive ring compared with the pill among students: A randomized controlled trial. Obstet Gynecol. 2010;115(3):503-10. DOI:10.1097/AOG.0b013e3181cf45dc
25. Victor I, Fink RA. Comparing patient telephone callback rates for different hormonal birth control delivery systems. Am J Ther. 2006;13(6):507-12. DOI:10.1097/01.mjt.0000212893.28081.b8
26. Ridgeway K, Montgomery ET, Smith K, et al. Vaginal ring acceptability: A systematic review and meta-analysis of vaginal ring experiences from around the world. Contraception. 2022;106:16-33. DOI:10.1016/j.contraception.2021.10.001
27. Feldman R, Frenkl TL, Yacik C, et al. Safety and efficacy of the NuvaRing® Applicator in healthy females: A multicenter, open-label, randomized, 2-period crossover study. Contraception. 2016;94(4):362-5. DOI:10.1016/j.contraception.2016.04.017
28. Alexander NJ, Baker E, Kaptein M, et al. Why consider vaginal drug administration? Fertil Steril. 2004;82(1):1-12. DOI:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2004.01.025
29. Srikrishna S, Cardozo L. The vagina as a route for drug delivery: A review. Int Urogynecol J. 2013;24(4):537-43. DOI:10.1007/s00192-012-2009-3
30. Chabi K, Sleno L. Estradiol, estrone and ethinyl estradiol metabolism studied by high resolution LC-MS/MS using stable isotope labeling and trapping of reactive metabolites. Metabolites. 2022;12(10):931. DOI:10.3390/metabo12100931
31. Grow DR. Metabolism of endogenous and exogenous reproductive hormones. Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am. 2002;29(3):425-36. DOI:10.1016/s0889-8545(02)00009-8
32. ESHRE Capri Workshop Group. Ovarian and endometrial function during hormonal contraception. Hum Reprod. 2001;16(7):1527-35. DOI:10.1093/humrep/16.7.1527
33. Speroff L, Darney PD. Oral contraception. In: A clinical guide for contraception. Philadelphia PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2011.
34. De Leo V, Musacchio MC, Cappelli V, et al. Hormonal contraceptives: Pharmacology tailored to women’s health. Hum Reprod Update. 2016;22(5):634-46. DOI:10.1093/humupd/dmw016
35. van den Heuvel MW, van Bragt AJ, Alnabawy AK, Kaptein MC. Comparison of ethinylestradiol pharmacokinetics in three hormonal contraceptive formulations: the vaginal ring, the transdermal patch and an oral contraceptive. Contraception. 2005;72(3):168-74. DOI:10.1016/j.contraception.2005.03.005
36. Creinin MD, Vieira CS, Westhoff CL, Mansour DJA. Recommendations for standardization of bleeding data analyses in contraceptive studies. Contraception. 2022;112:14-22. DOI:10.1016/j.contraception.2022.05.011
37. Critchley HO, Maybin JA, Armstrong GM, Williams RW. Physiology of the endometrium and regulation of menstruation. Physiol Rev. 2020;100(3):1149-79. DOI:10.1152/physrev.00031.2019
38. Пустотина О.А. Проспективное мультицентровое исследование применения комбинированного гормонального контрацептива с дроспиреноном. Вопросы гинекологии, акушерства и перинатологии. 2020;19(4):163-71 [Pustotina ОА. A prospective multicenter study of the use of a combined hormonal contraceptive with drospirenone. Vopr. ginekol. akus. perinatol. = Gynecology, Obstetrics and Perinatology. 2020;19(4):163-71 (in Russian)]. DOI:10.20953/1726-1678-2020-4-163-171
39. Dieben TO, Roumen FJ, Apter D. Efficacy, cycle control, and user acceptability of a novel combined contraceptive vaginal ring. Obstet Gynecol. 2002;100(3):585-93. DOI:10.1016/s0029-7844(02)02124-5
40. Stewart FH, Brown BA, Raine TR, et al. Adolescent and young women’s experience with the vaginal ring and oral contraceptive pills. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol. 2007;20(6):345-51. DOI:10.1016/j.jpag.2007.06.001
41. Duijkers I, Killick S, Bigrigg A, Dieben TO. A comparative study on the effects of a contraceptive vaginal ring NuvaRing and an oral contraceptive on carbohydrate metabolism and adrenal and thyroid function. Eur J Contracept Reprod Health Care. 2004;9(3):131-40. DOI:10.1080/13625180400007199
42. Cagnacci A, Ferrari S, Tirelli A, et al. Route of administration of contraceptives containing desogestrel/etonorgestrel and insulin sensitivity: A prospective randomized study. Contraception. 2009;80(1):34-9. DOI:10.1016/j.contraception.2009.01.012
43. Cagnacci A, Ferrari S, Tirelli A, et al. Insulin sensitivity and lipid metabolism with oral contraceptives containing chlormadinone acetate or desogestrel: A randomized trial. Contraception. 2009;79(2):111-6. DOI:10.1016/j.contraception.2008.09.002
44. Elkind-Hirsch KE, Darensbourg C, Ogden B, et al. Contraceptive vaginal ring use for women has less adverse metabolic effects than an oral contraceptive. Contraception. 2007;76(5):348-56. DOI:10.1016/j.contraception.2007.08.001
45. Battaglia C, Mancini F, Fabbri R, et al. Polycystic ovary syndrome and cardiovascular risk in young patients treated with drospirenone-ethinylestradiol or contraceptive vaginal ring. A prospective, randomized, pilot study. Fertil Steril. 2010;94(4):1417-25. DOI:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2009.05.044
46. Tuppurainen M, Klimscheffskij R, Venhola M, Dieben TO. The combined contraceptive vaginal ring (NuvaRing) and lipid metabolism: A comparative study. Contraception. 2004;69(5):389-94. DOI:10.1016/j.contraception.2004.01.004
47. Milsom I, Lete I, Bjertnaes A, Rokstad K, et al. Effects on cycle control and bodyweight of the combined contraceptive ring, NuvaRing, versus an oral contraceptive containing 30 microg ethinyl estradiol and 3 mg drospirenone. Hum Reprod. 2006;21(9):2304-11. DOI:10.1093/humrep/del162
48. Cagnacci A. Hormonal contraception: venous and arterial disease. Eur J Contracept Reprod Health Care. 2017;22(3):191-9. DOI:10.1080/13625187.2017.1305349
49. Dinger J, Möhner S, Heinemann K. Cardiovascular risk associated with the use of an etonogestrel-containing vaginal ring. Obstet Gynecol. 2013;122(4):800-8. DOI:10.1097/AOG.0b013e3182a5ec6b
50. Nguyen BT, Jensen JT. Evaluating the efficacy and safety of a progestin- and estrogen-releasing ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer contraceptive vaginal ring. Expert Opin Drug Saf. 2014;13(10):1423-30. DOI:10.1517/14740338.2014.948842
51. Sidney S, Cheetham TC, Connell FA, et al. Recent combined hormonal contraceptives (CHCs) and the risk of thromboembolism and other cardiovascular events in new users. Contraception. 2013;87(1):93-100. DOI:10.1016/j.contraception.2012.09.015
52. Dinger JC, Heinemann LA, Kühl-Habich D. The safety of a drospirenone-containing oral contraceptive: final results from the European Active Surveillance Study on oral contraceptives based on 142,475 women-years of observation. Contraception. 2007;75(5):344-54. DOI:10.1016/j.contraception.2006.12.019
53. Hughes SM, Pandey U, Johnston C, et al. Impact of the menstrual cycle and ethinyl estradiol/etonogestrel contraceptive vaginal ring on granulysin and other mucosal immune mediators. Am J Reprod Immunol. 2021;86(2):e13412. DOI:10.1111/aji.13412
54. Liu M, Vicetti Miguel RD, Quispe Calla NE, et al. Genital epithelial barrier function is conserved by intravaginal rings releasing etonogestrel and ethinyl estradiol. Tissue Barriers. 2024;12(1):2186672. DOI:10.1080/21688370.2023.2186672
55. De Seta F, Restaino S, De Santo D, et al. Effects of hormonal contraception on vaginal flora. Contraception. 2012;86(5):526-9. DOI:10.1016/j.contraception.2012.02.012
56. Carson L, Merkatz R, Martinelli E, et al. The vaginal microbiota, bacterial biofilms and polymeric drug-releasing vaginal rings. Pharmaceutics. 2021;13(5):751. DOI:10.3390/pharmaceutics13050751
57. Delvaux T, Jespers V, Benova L, et al. Acceptability and satisfaction of contraceptive vaginal rings in clinical studies: A systematic review and narrative synthesis. Front Glob Womens Health. 2021;2:799963. DOI:10.3389/fgwh.2021.799963
58. Abdollahpour S, Ashrafizaveh A, Azmoude E. Effects of the combined contraceptive vaginal ring on female sexual function: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Malays J Med Sci. 2023;30(1):21-30. DOI:10.21315/mjms2023.30.1.3
59. Nappi RE; Italian Nuvaring Study Group. Counseling on vaginal delivery of contraceptive hormones: implications for women's body knowledge and sexual health. Gynecol Endocrinol. 2013;29(12):1015-21. DOI:10.3109/09513590.2013.830100
60. Carey AS, Chiappetta L, Tremont K, et al. The contraceptive vaginal ring: Female adolescents’ knowledge, attitudes and plans for use. Contraception. 2007;76(6):444-50. DOI:10.1016/j.contraception.2007.07.013
61. Bahamondes L, Valeria Bahamondes M, Shulman LP. Non-contraceptive benefits of hormonal and intrauterine reversible contraceptive methods. Hum Reprod Update. 2015;21(5):640-51. DOI:10.1093/humupd/dmv023
62. Ballagh SA. Vaginal rings for menopausal symptom relief. Drugs Aging. 2004;21(12):757-66. DOI:10.2165/00002512-200421120-00001
63. FSRH Guideline (January 2019) Combined Hormonal Contraception. BMJ Sex Reprod Health. 2019;45(Suppl. 1):1-93. DOI:10.1136/bmjsrh-2018-CHC. Correction: FSRH guideline (January 2019) Combined Hormonal Contraception. BMJ Sex Reprod Health. 2021;47(1):e2. DOI:10.1136/bmjsrh-2018-CHCcorr1
64. Teede HJ, Tay CT, Laven J, et al.; International PCOS Network. Recommendations from the 2023 International Evidence-based Guideline for the assessment and management of polycystic ovary syndrome. Hum Reprod. 2023;38(9):1655-679. DOI:10.1093/humrep/dead156
65. Dragoman M, Petrie K, Torgal A, et al. Contraceptive vaginal ring effectiveness is maintained during 6 weeks of use: A prospective study of normal BMI and obese women. Contraception. 2013;87(4):432-6. DOI:10.1016/j.contraception.2012.12.001
66. Paulen ME, Zapata LB, Cansino C, et al. Contraceptive use among women with a history of bariatric surgery: A systematic review. Contraception. 2010;82(1):86-94. DOI:10.1016/j.contraception.2010.02.008
67. Calhoun A, Ford S, Pruitt A. The impact of extended-cycle vaginal ring contraception on migraine aura: A retrospective case series. Headache. 2012;52(8):1246-53. DOI:10.1111/j.1526-4610.2012.02211.x
68. van Lohuizen R, Paungarttner J, Lampl C, et al. Considerations for hormonal therapy in migraine patients: A critical review of current practice. Expert Rev Neurother. 2023;24(1):1-21. DOI:10.1080/14737175.2023.2296610
________________________________________________
1. Lopez LM, Steiner M, Grimes DA, et al. Strategies for communicating contraceptive effectiveness. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013;(4):CD006964. DOI:10.1002/14651858.CD006964.pub3
2. Mahaur В, Kaur S, Sharma N. Awareness and attitude towards contraception among medical students. Int J Clin Obstet Gynaecol. 2021;5(1):133-6. DOI:10.33545/gynae.2021.v5.i1c.802
3. Marson C, Cleland J. Relationship between contraception and abortion: A review of the evidence. Int Fam Plan Perspect. 2003;29(1):6-13. DOI:10.1363/ifpp.29.006.03
4. Pustotina OA. Preconception preparation. Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council. 2017;(13):64-70 (in Russian). DOI:10.21518/2079-701X-2017-13-64-70
5. Schrager S, Larson M, Carlson J, et al. Beyond birth control: Noncontraceptive benefits of hormonal methods and their key role in the general medical care of women. J Womens Health (Larchmt). 2020;29(7):937-43. DOI:10.1089/jwh.2019.7731
6. World Health Organization. Medical Eligibility Criteria for Contraceptive Use. 3rd ed. Geneva: WHO, 2015. Available at: http://www.who.int/reproductive- health/publications/mec/index.htm. Accessed: 10.08.2024.
7. WHO/SRH and Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health / Center for Communication Programs (CCP), Knowledge SUCCESS. Family Planning: A Global Handbook for Providers. Baltimore and Geneva: CCP and WHO, 2022.
8. Natsional'nye meditsinskie kriterii priemlemosti metodov kontratseptsii. Adaptirovannyi dokument. Pod red. GT Sukhikh, VN Prilepskoi. Moscow. 2023 (in Russian).
9. Roumen FJ, Mishell DR Jr. The contraceptive vaginal ring, NuvaRing(®), a decade after its introduction. Eur J Contracept Reprod Health Care. 2012;17(6):415-27. DOI:10.3109/13625187.2012.713535
10. Sarkar NN. The combined contraceptive vaginal device (NuvaRing): A comprehensive review. Eur J Contracept Reprod Health Care. 2005;10(2):73-8. DOI:10.1080/13625180500131683
11. Duijkers I, Klipping C, Heger-Mahn D, et al. Phase II dose-finding study on ovulation inhibition and cycle control associated with the use of contraceptive vaginal rings containing 17β-estradiol and the progestagens etonogestrel or nomegestrol acetate compared to NuvaRing. Eur J Contracept Reprod Health Care. 2018;23(4):245-54. DOI:10.1080/13625187.2018.1506101
12. Fischer-Holzhausen S, Röblitz S. Hormonal regulation of ovarian follicle growth in humans: Model-based exploration of cycle variability and parameter sensitivities. J Theor Biol. 2022;547:111150. DOI:10.1016/j.jtbi.2022.111150
13. Taylor HS, Pal L, Seli E, eds. Clinical gynecologic endocrinology and infertility. 9th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, 2019.
14. Bastianelli C, Farris M, Rosato E, et al. Pharmacodynamics of combined estrogen-progestin oral contraceptives 3. Inhibition of ovulation. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol. 2018;11(11):1085-98. DOI:10.1080/17512433.2018.1536544
15. Clinical effectiveness unit. Сombined hormonal contraception. London: Faculty of Sexual and Reproductive Healthcare, 2020.
16. Trussell J. Contraceptive failure in the United States. Contraception. 2011;83(5):397-404. DOI:10.1016/j.contraception.2011.01.021
17. Oddsson K, Leifels-Fischer B, de Melo NR, et al. Efficacy and safety of a contraceptive vaginal ring (NuvaRing) compared with a combined oral contraceptive: A 1-year randomized trial. Contraception. 2005;71(3):176-82. DOI:10.1016/j.contraception.2004.09.001
18. Ahrendt HJ, Nisand I, Bastianelli C, et al. Efficacy, acceptability and tolerability of the combined contraceptive ring, NuvaRing, compared with an oral contraceptive containing 30 microg of ethinyl estradiol and 3 mg of drospirenone. Contraception. 2006;74(6):451-7. DOI:10.1016/j.contraception.2006.07.004
19. López-Picado A, Lapuente O, Lete I. Efficacy and side-effects profile of the ethinylestradiol and etonogestrel contraceptive vaginal ring: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Contracept Reprod Health Care. 2017;22(2):131-46. DOI:10.1080/13625187.2017.1287351
20. Haring T, Mulders TM. The combined contraceptive ring NuvaRing and spermicide co-medication. Contraception. 2003;67(4):271-2. DOI:10.1016/s0010-7824(03)00002-7
21. Verhoeven CH, Dieben TO. The combined contraceptive vaginal ring, NuvaRing, and tampon co-usage. Contraception. 2004;69(3):197-9. DOI:10.1016/j.contraception.2003.10.014
22. Verhoeven CH, van den Heuvel MW, Mulders TM, Dieben TO. The contraceptive vaginal ring, NuvaRing, and antimycotic co-medication. Contraception. 2004;69(2):129-32. DOI:10.1016/j.contraception.2003.10.001
23. Lopez LM, Grimes DA, Gallo MF, et al. Skin patch and vaginal ring versus combined oral contraceptives for contraception. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013;2013(4):CD003552. DOI:10.1002/14651858.CD003552.pub4
24. Gilliam ML, Neustadt A, Kozloski M, et al. Adherence and acceptability of the contraceptive ring compared with the pill among students: A randomized controlled trial. Obstet Gynecol. 2010;115(3):503-10. DOI:10.1097/AOG.0b013e3181cf45dc
25. Victor I, Fink RA. Comparing patient telephone callback rates for different hormonal birth control delivery systems. Am J Ther. 2006;13(6):507-12. DOI:10.1097/01.mjt.0000212893.28081.b8
26. Ridgeway K, Montgomery ET, Smith K, et al. Vaginal ring acceptability: A systematic review and meta-analysis of vaginal ring experiences from around the world. Contraception. 2022;106:16-33. DOI:10.1016/j.contraception.2021.10.001
27. Feldman R, Frenkl TL, Yacik C, et al. Safety and efficacy of the NuvaRing® Applicator in healthy females: A multicenter, open-label, randomized, 2-period crossover study. Contraception. 2016;94(4):362-5. DOI:10.1016/j.contraception.2016.04.017
28. Alexander NJ, Baker E, Kaptein M, et al. Why consider vaginal drug administration? Fertil Steril. 2004;82(1):1-12. DOI:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2004.01.025
29. Srikrishna S, Cardozo L. The vagina as a route for drug delivery: A review. Int Urogynecol J. 2013;24(4):537-43. DOI:10.1007/s00192-012-2009-3
30. Chabi K, Sleno L. Estradiol, estrone and ethinyl estradiol metabolism studied by high resolution LC-MS/MS using stable isotope labeling and trapping of reactive metabolites. Metabolites. 2022;12(10):931. DOI:10.3390/metabo12100931
31. Grow DR. Metabolism of endogenous and exogenous reproductive hormones. Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am. 2002;29(3):425-36. DOI:10.1016/s0889-8545(02)00009-8
32. ESHRE Capri Workshop Group. Ovarian and endometrial function during hormonal contraception. Hum Reprod. 2001;16(7):1527-35. DOI:10.1093/humrep/16.7.1527
33. Speroff L, Darney PD. Oral contraception. In: A clinical guide for contraception. Philadelphia PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2011.
34. De Leo V, Musacchio MC, Cappelli V, et al. Hormonal contraceptives: Pharmacology tailored to women’s health. Hum Reprod Update. 2016;22(5):634-46. DOI:10.1093/humupd/dmw016
35. van den Heuvel MW, van Bragt AJ, Alnabawy AK, Kaptein MC. Comparison of ethinylestradiol pharmacokinetics in three hormonal contraceptive formulations: the vaginal ring, the transdermal patch and an oral contraceptive. Contraception. 2005;72(3):168-74. DOI:10.1016/j.contraception.2005.03.005
36. Creinin MD, Vieira CS, Westhoff CL, Mansour DJA. Recommendations for standardization of bleeding data analyses in contraceptive studies. Contraception. 2022;112:14-22. DOI:10.1016/j.contraception.2022.05.011
37. Critchley HO, Maybin JA, Armstrong GM, Williams RW. Physiology of the endometrium and regulation of menstruation. Physiol Rev. 2020;100(3):1149-79. DOI:10.1152/physrev.00031.2019
38. Pustotina ОА. A prospective multicenter study of the use of a combined hormonal contraceptive with drospirenone. Vopr. ginekol. akus. perinatol. = Gynecology, Obstetrics and Perinatology. 2020;19(4):163-71 (in Russian). DOI:10.20953/1726-1678-2020-4-163-171
39. Dieben TO, Roumen FJ, Apter D. Efficacy, cycle control, and user acceptability of a novel combined contraceptive vaginal ring. Obstet Gynecol. 2002;100(3):585-93. DOI:10.1016/s0029-7844(02)02124-5
40. Stewart FH, Brown BA, Raine TR, et al. Adolescent and young women’s experience with the vaginal ring and oral contraceptive pills. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol. 2007;20(6):345-51. DOI:10.1016/j.jpag.2007.06.001
41. Duijkers I, Killick S, Bigrigg A, Dieben TO. A comparative study on the effects of a contraceptive vaginal ring NuvaRing and an oral contraceptive on carbohydrate metabolism and adrenal and thyroid function. Eur J Contracept Reprod Health Care. 2004;9(3):131-40. DOI:10.1080/13625180400007199
42. Cagnacci A, Ferrari S, Tirelli A, et al. Route of administration of contraceptives containing desogestrel/etonorgestrel and insulin sensitivity: A prospective randomized study. Contraception. 2009;80(1):34-9. DOI:10.1016/j.contraception.2009.01.012
43. Cagnacci A, Ferrari S, Tirelli A, et al. Insulin sensitivity and lipid metabolism with oral contraceptives containing chlormadinone acetate or desogestrel: A randomized trial. Contraception. 2009;79(2):111-6. DOI:10.1016/j.contraception.2008.09.002
44. Elkind-Hirsch KE, Darensbourg C, Ogden B, et al. Contraceptive vaginal ring use for women has less adverse metabolic effects than an oral contraceptive. Contraception. 2007;76(5):348-56. DOI:10.1016/j.contraception.2007.08.001
45. Battaglia C, Mancini F, Fabbri R, et al. Polycystic ovary syndrome and cardiovascular risk in young patients treated with drospirenone-ethinylestradiol or contraceptive vaginal ring. A prospective, randomized, pilot study. Fertil Steril. 2010;94(4):1417-25. DOI:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2009.05.044
46. Tuppurainen M, Klimscheffskij R, Venhola M, Dieben TO. The combined contraceptive vaginal ring (NuvaRing) and lipid metabolism: A comparative study. Contraception. 2004;69(5):389-94. DOI:10.1016/j.contraception.2004.01.004
47. Milsom I, Lete I, Bjertnaes A, Rokstad K, et al. Effects on cycle control and bodyweight of the combined contraceptive ring, NuvaRing, versus an oral contraceptive containing 30 microg ethinyl estradiol and 3 mg drospirenone. Hum Reprod. 2006;21(9):2304-11. DOI:10.1093/humrep/del162
48. Cagnacci A. Hormonal contraception: venous and arterial disease. Eur J Contracept Reprod Health Care. 2017;22(3):191-9. DOI:10.1080/13625187.2017.1305349
49. Dinger J, Möhner S, Heinemann K. Cardiovascular risk associated with the use of an etonogestrel-containing vaginal ring. Obstet Gynecol. 2013;122(4):800-8. DOI:10.1097/AOG.0b013e3182a5ec6b
50. Nguyen BT, Jensen JT. Evaluating the efficacy and safety of a progestin- and estrogen-releasing ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer contraceptive vaginal ring. Expert Opin Drug Saf. 2014;13(10):1423-30. DOI:10.1517/14740338.2014.948842
51. Sidney S, Cheetham TC, Connell FA, et al. Recent combined hormonal contraceptives (CHCs) and the risk of thromboembolism and other cardiovascular events in new users. Contraception. 2013;87(1):93-100. DOI:10.1016/j.contraception.2012.09.015
52. Dinger JC, Heinemann LA, Kühl-Habich D. The safety of a drospirenone-containing oral contraceptive: final results from the European Active Surveillance Study on oral contraceptives based on 142,475 women-years of observation. Contraception. 2007;75(5):344-54. DOI:10.1016/j.contraception.2006.12.019
53. Hughes SM, Pandey U, Johnston C, et al. Impact of the menstrual cycle and ethinyl estradiol/etonogestrel contraceptive vaginal ring on granulysin and other mucosal immune mediators. Am J Reprod Immunol. 2021;86(2):e13412. DOI:10.1111/aji.13412
54. Liu M, Vicetti Miguel RD, Quispe Calla NE, et al. Genital epithelial barrier function is conserved by intravaginal rings releasing etonogestrel and ethinyl estradiol. Tissue Barriers. 2024;12(1):2186672. DOI:10.1080/21688370.2023.2186672
55. De Seta F, Restaino S, De Santo D, et al. Effects of hormonal contraception on vaginal flora. Contraception. 2012;86(5):526-9. DOI:10.1016/j.contraception.2012.02.012
56. Carson L, Merkatz R, Martinelli E, et al. The vaginal microbiota, bacterial biofilms and polymeric drug-releasing vaginal rings. Pharmaceutics. 2021;13(5):751. DOI:10.3390/pharmaceutics13050751
57. Delvaux T, Jespers V, Benova L, et al. Acceptability and satisfaction of contraceptive vaginal rings in clinical studies: A systematic review and narrative synthesis. Front Glob Womens Health. 2021;2:799963. DOI:10.3389/fgwh.2021.799963
58. Abdollahpour S, Ashrafizaveh A, Azmoude E. Effects of the combined contraceptive vaginal ring on female sexual function: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Malays J Med Sci. 2023;30(1):21-30. DOI:10.21315/mjms2023.30.1.3
59. Nappi RE; Italian Nuvaring Study Group. Counseling on vaginal delivery of contraceptive hormones: implications for women's body knowledge and sexual health. Gynecol Endocrinol. 2013;29(12):1015-21. DOI:10.3109/09513590.2013.830100
60. Carey AS, Chiappetta L, Tremont K, et al. The contraceptive vaginal ring: Female adolescents’ knowledge, attitudes and plans for use. Contraception. 2007;76(6):444-50. DOI:10.1016/j.contraception.2007.07.013
61. Bahamondes L, Valeria Bahamondes M, Shulman LP. Non-contraceptive benefits of hormonal and intrauterine reversible contraceptive methods. Hum Reprod Update. 2015;21(5):640-51. DOI:10.1093/humupd/dmv023
62. Ballagh SA. Vaginal rings for menopausal symptom relief. Drugs Aging. 2004;21(12):757-66. DOI:10.2165/00002512-200421120-00001
63. FSRH Guideline (January 2019) Combined Hormonal Contraception. BMJ Sex Reprod Health. 2019;45(Suppl. 1):1-93. DOI:10.1136/bmjsrh-2018-CHC. Correction: FSRH guideline (January 2019) Combined Hormonal Contraception. BMJ Sex Reprod Health. 2021;47(1):e2. DOI:10.1136/bmjsrh-2018-CHCcorr1
64. Teede HJ, Tay CT, Laven J, et al.; International PCOS Network. Recommendations from the 2023 International Evidence-based Guideline for the assessment and management of polycystic ovary syndrome. Hum Reprod. 2023;38(9):1655-679. DOI:10.1093/humrep/dead156
65. Dragoman M, Petrie K, Torgal A, et al. Contraceptive vaginal ring effectiveness is maintained during 6 weeks of use: A prospective study of normal BMI and obese women. Contraception. 2013;87(4):432-6. DOI:10.1016/j.contraception.2012.12.001
66. Paulen ME, Zapata LB, Cansino C, et al. Contraceptive use among women with a history of bariatric surgery: A systematic review. Contraception. 2010;82(1):86-94. DOI:10.1016/j.contraception.2010.02.008
67. Calhoun A, Ford S, Pruitt A. The impact of extended-cycle vaginal ring contraception on migraine aura: A retrospective case series. Headache. 2012;52(8):1246-53. DOI:10.1111/j.1526-4610.2012.02211.x
68. van Lohuizen R, Paungarttner J, Lampl C, et al. Considerations for hormonal therapy in migraine patients: A critical review of current practice. Expert Rev Neurother. 2023;24(1):1-21. DOI:10.1080/14737175.2023.2296610
Авторы
О.А. Пустотина*, М.А. Терехов
ЧОУ ДПО «Академия медицинского образования им. Ф.И. Иноземцева», Санкт-Петербург, Россия
*Pustotina@gmail.com
ЧОУ ДПО «Академия медицинского образования им. Ф.И. Иноземцева», Санкт-Петербург, Россия
*Pustotina@gmail.com
________________________________________________
Olga A. Pustotina*, Matvei A. Terekhov
Inozemtsev Academy of Medical Education, Saint Petersburg, Russia
*Pustotina@gmail.com
Цель портала OmniDoctor – предоставление профессиональной информации врачам, провизорам и фармацевтам.