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Антибиотикоассоциированная диарея у детей
Антибиотикоассоциированная диарея у детей
Корниенко Е.А. Антибиотикоассоциированная диарея у детей. Consilium Medicum. Педиатрия (Прил.). 2015; 1: 59–63.
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Аннотация
Антибиотикоассоциированная диарея (ААД) встречается примерно у 11% детей, получающих антибиотики (АБ). Она может быть связана с Clostridium difficile, реже – с другими условно-патогенными микробами, в большинстве случаев этиология ААД остается неясной. С C. difficile связаны наиболее тяжелые формы ААД, в частности псевдомембранозный колит. Факторы риска развития ААД – повторные курсы АБ, особенно цефалоспоринов III поколения и амоксициллина клавуланата, а также повторные госпитализации и хронические заболевания кишечника: болезнь Гиршпрунга, муковисцидоз, болезнь Крона, язвенный колит. Клинически ААД может проявляться простой диареей, колитом и псевдомембранозным колитом, который имеет высокий риск осложнений. Несмотря на более высокую частоту выявления C. difficile у детей первых месяцев жизни, симптомы обычно отсутствуют или слабо выражены. Риск манифестной формы выше в возрасте от 6 мес до 2 лет. Лечение ААД требует отмены причинного АБ и назначения пробиотиков с доказанной эффективностью, среди которых наиболее предпочтителен Энтерол®. Тяжелые формы C. difficile-ассоциированной диареи требуют также назначения специфических АБ: метронидазола, ванкомицина, при упорном течении – рифаксимина. Профилактика ААД состоит в строгом выборе АБ в соответствии с показаниями и параллельном назначении Энтерола.
Ключевые слова: антибиотикоассоциированная диарея, Clostridium difficile, Saccharomyces boulardii, Энтерол.
Key words: antibiotic-associated diarrhea, Clostridium difficile, Saccharomyces boulardii, Enterol.
Ключевые слова: антибиотикоассоциированная диарея, Clostridium difficile, Saccharomyces boulardii, Энтерол.
________________________________________________
Key words: antibiotic-associated diarrhea, Clostridium difficile, Saccharomyces boulardii, Enterol.
Полный текст
Список литературы
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2. Beaugerie L, Flahault A, Barbut F et al. Antibiotic-associated diarrhea and Clostridium difficile in the community. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2003; 17: 905–12.
3. Bouhnik Y. Microflora and diarrhoea: antibiotic-associated diarrhoea. In: Rambaut JC, Buts JP, eds. Gut Microflora. Paris: John Libbey Eurotex, 2006; p. 181–97.
4. Wistrom J, Norrby SR, Myhre EB et al. Frequency of antibiotic-associated diarrhoea in 2,462 antibiotic-treated hospitalized patients: a prospective study. J Antimicrob Chemother 2001; 47: 43–50.
5. McFarland LV, Brandmarker SA, Guandalini S. Pediatric Clostridium difficile: a phantom menace or clinical reality? J Pediatr Gasroenterol Nutr 2000; 31: 220–31.
6. Delmee M, Verellen G, Avesani V et al. Clostridium difficile in neonates: serogrouping and epidemiology. Eur J Pediatr 1988; 147: 36–40.
7. Larson HE, Barclay FE, Honour P et al. Epidemiology of Clostridium difficile in infants. J Infect Dis 1982; 146: 727–33.
8. Ferroni A, Merckx J, Ancelle T et al. Nosocomial outbreak of Clostridium difficile diarrhea in a pediatric service. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 1997; 16: 928–33.
9. Buts JP. The clinical significance of Clostridium difficile infections in infants and children. In: Rambaud JC, LaMont JT. Updates of Clostridium difficile. Paris: Springer-Verlag, 1996; p. 29–36.
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11. Lamont J. Recent advances in the structures and function of Clostridium difficile toxins. In: Rambaud JC, LaMont JT. Updates of Clostridium difficile. Paris: Springer-Verlag, 1996; p. 72–86.
12. Price AB. Pseudomembranous colitis. In: Wright R, ed. Recent advances in gastroenterology. London: WB Saunders, 2005; p. 15–172.
13. Mylonakis E, Ryan ET, Calderwood SB. Clostridium difficile-associatied diarrhea: a review. Arch Intern Med 2000; 161 (525): 5–33.
14. Cooperstock M. Clostridium difficile in infants and children. In: Rambaud JC, Ducluzeau R, eds. Clostridium difficile-associated intestinal diseases. Paris: Springer-Verlag, 1990; p. 81–94.
15. Harris PR, Figueroa-Colon R. Rectal prolapse in children associated with Clostridium difficile infection. Ped Infect Dis J 1995; 14: 78–80.
16. Garlani MJ, Murray JC, Morad AB et al. Chronic osteomyelitis caused by Clostridium difficile in an adolescent with sickle cell disease. Ped Infect Dis J 1996; 15: 1054–6.
17. Thomas DFM, Fernie DS, Bayston R et al. Clostridial toxins in neonatal necrotising enterocolitis. Arch Dis Child 1984; 59: 270–83.
18. Cetina-Sauri G, Sierra Basto G. Therapeutic evaluation of Saccharomyces boulardii in children with acute diarrhea. Annales de Pediatrie 1994; 41 (6): 397–400.
19. Castaneda C, Garcia E, Santa Cruz M et al. Effects of Saccharomyces boulardii in children with chronic diarrhea, especially cases due to giardiasis. Revista Mexicana de Puericultura y Pediatria 1995; 2: 12.
20. Castagliuolo I, LaMont JT, Nikulasson ST et al. Saccharomyces boulardii protease inhibits Clostridium difficile toxin A effects in the rat ileum. Infect Immun 1996; 12: 5225–32.
21. Gedek BR. Adherence of E. coli serogroup O-157 and the Salmonella typhimurium mutant DT 104 to the surface of Saccharomyces boulardii. Mycoses 1999; 42 (4): 261–4.
22. Cherucka D, Dahan S, Mograbi B et al. Saccharomyces boulardii preserves the barrier function and modulates the signal transduction pathway induced in enteropathogenic Escherichia coli-infected T84 cells. Infect Immun 2000; 68: 5998–6004.
23. Dahan S, Dalmasso G, Imbert V et al. Saccharomyces boulardii interferes with enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli-induced signaling pathways in T84 cells. Infect Immun 2003; 72 (2): 766–73.
24. Buts JP, Bernasconi P, van Craymest MP et al. Response of human and rat small intestinal mucosa to oral administration of Saccharomyces boulardii. Pediatr Res 1986; 20: 192–6.
25. Sougiolzis S. Saccharomyces boulardii produces a soluble anti-inflammatory factor that inhibits NF-kB-mediated IL-8 gene expression. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2006; 2: 23.
26. Girard-Pipau F, Pompei A, Schneider S et al. Intestinal microflora, short chain and cellular fatty acids, influence of a probiotic Saccharomyces boulardii. Microb Ecolog Health Dis 2002; 14: 220–7.
27. Buts JP, Corthier G, Delmee M. Saccharomyces boulardii for Clostridium difficile-associated entheropathies in infants. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 1993; 16: 419–25.
28. Costalos C, Skouteri V, Gounaris A et al. Enteral feeding of premature infants with Saccharomyces boulardii. Early Hum Dev 2003; 11: 89–96.
2. Beaugerie L, Flahault A, Barbut F et al. Antibiotic-associated diarrhea and Clostridium difficile in the community. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2003; 17: 905–12.
3. Bouhnik Y. Microflora and diarrhoea: antibiotic-associated diarrhoea. In: Rambaut JC, Buts JP, eds. Gut Microflora. Paris: John Libbey Eurotex, 2006; p. 181–97.
4. Wistrom J, Norrby SR, Myhre EB et al. Frequency of antibiotic-associated diarrhoea in 2,462 antibiotic-treated hospitalized patients: a prospective study. J Antimicrob Chemother 2001; 47: 43–50.
5. McFarland LV, Brandmarker SA, Guandalini S. Pediatric Clostridium difficile: a phantom menace or clinical reality? J Pediatr Gasroenterol Nutr 2000; 31: 220–31.
6. Delmee M, Verellen G, Avesani V et al. Clostridium difficile in neonates: serogrouping and epidemiology. Eur J Pediatr 1988; 147: 36–40.
7. Larson HE, Barclay FE, Honour P et al. Epidemiology of Clostridium difficile in infants. J Infect Dis 1982; 146: 727–33.
8. Ferroni A, Merckx J, Ancelle T et al. Nosocomial outbreak of Clostridium difficile diarrhea in a pediatric service. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 1997; 16: 928–33.
9. Buts JP. The clinical significance of Clostridium difficile infections in infants and children. In: Rambaud JC, LaMont JT. Updates of Clostridium difficile. Paris: Springer-Verlag, 1996; p. 29–36.
10. Benoit R, Danquechin DE, Loulergue J et al. Diarroea post-antibiotique: role de Klebsiella oxytoca. Gasroenterol Clin Biol 1992; 16: 860–4.
11. Lamont J. Recent advances in the structures and function of Clostridium difficile toxins. In: Rambaud JC, LaMont JT. Updates of Clostridium difficile. Paris: Springer-Verlag, 1996; p. 72–86.
12. Price AB. Pseudomembranous colitis. In: Wright R, ed. Recent advances in gastroenterology. London: WB Saunders, 2005; p. 15–172.
13. Mylonakis E, Ryan ET, Calderwood SB. Clostridium difficile-associatied diarrhea: a review. Arch Intern Med 2000; 161 (525): 5–33.
14. Cooperstock M. Clostridium difficile in infants and children. In: Rambaud JC, Ducluzeau R, eds. Clostridium difficile-associated intestinal diseases. Paris: Springer-Verlag, 1990; p. 81–94.
15. Harris PR, Figueroa-Colon R. Rectal prolapse in children associated with Clostridium difficile infection. Ped Infect Dis J 1995; 14: 78–80.
16. Garlani MJ, Murray JC, Morad AB et al. Chronic osteomyelitis caused by Clostridium difficile in an adolescent with sickle cell disease. Ped Infect Dis J 1996; 15: 1054–6.
17. Thomas DFM, Fernie DS, Bayston R et al. Clostridial toxins in neonatal necrotising enterocolitis. Arch Dis Child 1984; 59: 270–83.
18. Cetina-Sauri G, Sierra Basto G. Therapeutic evaluation of Saccharomyces boulardii in children with acute diarrhea. Annales de Pediatrie 1994; 41 (6): 397–400.
19. Castaneda C, Garcia E, Santa Cruz M et al. Effects of Saccharomyces boulardii in children with chronic diarrhea, especially cases due to giardiasis. Revista Mexicana de Puericultura y Pediatria 1995; 2: 12.
20. Castagliuolo I, LaMont JT, Nikulasson ST et al. Saccharomyces boulardii protease inhibits Clostridium difficile toxin A effects in the rat ileum. Infect Immun 1996; 12: 5225–32.
21. Gedek BR. Adherence of E. coli serogroup O-157 and the Salmonella typhimurium mutant DT 104 to the surface of Saccharomyces boulardii. Mycoses 1999; 42 (4): 261–4.
22. Cherucka D, Dahan S, Mograbi B et al. Saccharomyces boulardii preserves the barrier function and modulates the signal transduction pathway induced in enteropathogenic Escherichia coli-infected T84 cells. Infect Immun 2000; 68: 5998–6004.
23. Dahan S, Dalmasso G, Imbert V et al. Saccharomyces boulardii interferes with enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli-induced signaling pathways in T84 cells. Infect Immun 2003; 72 (2): 766–73.
24. Buts JP, Bernasconi P, van Craymest MP et al. Response of human and rat small intestinal mucosa to oral administration of Saccharomyces boulardii. Pediatr Res 1986; 20: 192–6.
25. Sougiolzis S. Saccharomyces boulardii produces a soluble anti-inflammatory factor that inhibits NF-kB-mediated IL-8 gene expression. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2006; 2: 23.
26. Girard-Pipau F, Pompei A, Schneider S et al. Intestinal microflora, short chain and cellular fatty acids, influence of a probiotic Saccharomyces boulardii. Microb Ecolog Health Dis 2002; 14: 220–7.
27. Buts JP, Corthier G, Delmee M. Saccharomyces boulardii for Clostridium difficile-associated entheropathies in infants. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 1993; 16: 419–25.
28. Costalos C, Skouteri V, Gounaris A et al. Enteral feeding of premature infants with Saccharomyces boulardii. Early Hum Dev 2003; 11: 89–96.
2. Beaugerie L, Flahault A, Barbut F et al. Antibiotic-associated diarrhea and Clostridium difficile in the community. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2003; 17: 905–12.
3. Bouhnik Y. Microflora and diarrhoea: antibiotic-associated diarrhoea. In: Rambaut JC, Buts JP, eds. Gut Microflora. Paris: John Libbey Eurotex, 2006; p. 181–97.
4. Wistrom J, Norrby SR, Myhre EB et al. Frequency of antibiotic-associated diarrhoea in 2,462 antibiotic-treated hospitalized patients: a prospective study. J Antimicrob Chemother 2001; 47: 43–50.
5. McFarland LV, Brandmarker SA, Guandalini S. Pediatric Clostridium difficile: a phantom menace or clinical reality? J Pediatr Gasroenterol Nutr 2000; 31: 220–31.
6. Delmee M, Verellen G, Avesani V et al. Clostridium difficile in neonates: serogrouping and epidemiology. Eur J Pediatr 1988; 147: 36–40.
7. Larson HE, Barclay FE, Honour P et al. Epidemiology of Clostridium difficile in infants. J Infect Dis 1982; 146: 727–33.
8. Ferroni A, Merckx J, Ancelle T et al. Nosocomial outbreak of Clostridium difficile diarrhea in a pediatric service. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 1997; 16: 928–33.
9. Buts JP. The clinical significance of Clostridium difficile infections in infants and children. In: Rambaud JC, LaMont JT. Updates of Clostridium difficile. Paris: Springer-Verlag, 1996; p. 29–36.
10. Benoit R, Danquechin DE, Loulergue J et al. Diarroea post-antibiotique: role de Klebsiella oxytoca. Gasroenterol Clin Biol 1992; 16: 860–4.
11. Lamont J. Recent advances in the structures and function of Clostridium difficile toxins. In: Rambaud JC, LaMont JT. Updates of Clostridium difficile. Paris: Springer-Verlag, 1996; p. 72–86.
12. Price AB. Pseudomembranous colitis. In: Wright R, ed. Recent advances in gastroenterology. London: WB Saunders, 2005; p. 15–172.
13. Mylonakis E, Ryan ET, Calderwood SB. Clostridium difficile-associatied diarrhea: a review. Arch Intern Med 2000; 161 (525): 5–33.
14. Cooperstock M. Clostridium difficile in infants and children. In: Rambaud JC, Ducluzeau R, eds. Clostridium difficile-associated intestinal diseases. Paris: Springer-Verlag, 1990; p. 81–94.
15. Harris PR, Figueroa-Colon R. Rectal prolapse in children associated with Clostridium difficile infection. Ped Infect Dis J 1995; 14: 78–80.
16. Garlani MJ, Murray JC, Morad AB et al. Chronic osteomyelitis caused by Clostridium difficile in an adolescent with sickle cell disease. Ped Infect Dis J 1996; 15: 1054–6.
17. Thomas DFM, Fernie DS, Bayston R et al. Clostridial toxins in neonatal necrotising enterocolitis. Arch Dis Child 1984; 59: 270–83.
18. Cetina-Sauri G, Sierra Basto G. Therapeutic evaluation of Saccharomyces boulardii in children with acute diarrhea. Annales de Pediatrie 1994; 41 (6): 397–400.
19. Castaneda C, Garcia E, Santa Cruz M et al. Effects of Saccharomyces boulardii in children with chronic diarrhea, especially cases due to giardiasis. Revista Mexicana de Puericultura y Pediatria 1995; 2: 12.
20. Castagliuolo I, LaMont JT, Nikulasson ST et al. Saccharomyces boulardii protease inhibits Clostridium difficile toxin A effects in the rat ileum. Infect Immun 1996; 12: 5225–32.
21. Gedek BR. Adherence of E. coli serogroup O-157 and the Salmonella typhimurium mutant DT 104 to the surface of Saccharomyces boulardii. Mycoses 1999; 42 (4): 261–4.
22. Cherucka D, Dahan S, Mograbi B et al. Saccharomyces boulardii preserves the barrier function and modulates the signal transduction pathway induced in enteropathogenic Escherichia coli-infected T84 cells. Infect Immun 2000; 68: 5998–6004.
23. Dahan S, Dalmasso G, Imbert V et al. Saccharomyces boulardii interferes with enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli-induced signaling pathways in T84 cells. Infect Immun 2003; 72 (2): 766–73.
24. Buts JP, Bernasconi P, van Craymest MP et al. Response of human and rat small intestinal mucosa to oral administration of Saccharomyces boulardii. Pediatr Res 1986; 20: 192–6.
25. Sougiolzis S. Saccharomyces boulardii produces a soluble anti-inflammatory factor that inhibits NF-kB-mediated IL-8 gene expression. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2006; 2: 23.
26. Girard-Pipau F, Pompei A, Schneider S et al. Intestinal microflora, short chain and cellular fatty acids, influence of a probiotic Saccharomyces boulardii. Microb Ecolog Health Dis 2002; 14: 220–7.
27. Buts JP, Corthier G, Delmee M. Saccharomyces boulardii for Clostridium difficile-associated entheropathies in infants. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 1993; 16: 419–25.
28. Costalos C, Skouteri V, Gounaris A et al. Enteral feeding of premature infants with Saccharomyces boulardii. Early Hum Dev 2003; 11: 89–96.
________________________________________________
2. Beaugerie L, Flahault A, Barbut F et al. Antibiotic-associated diarrhea and Clostridium difficile in the community. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2003; 17: 905–12.
3. Bouhnik Y. Microflora and diarrhoea: antibiotic-associated diarrhoea. In: Rambaut JC, Buts JP, eds. Gut Microflora. Paris: John Libbey Eurotex, 2006; p. 181–97.
4. Wistrom J, Norrby SR, Myhre EB et al. Frequency of antibiotic-associated diarrhoea in 2,462 antibiotic-treated hospitalized patients: a prospective study. J Antimicrob Chemother 2001; 47: 43–50.
5. McFarland LV, Brandmarker SA, Guandalini S. Pediatric Clostridium difficile: a phantom menace or clinical reality? J Pediatr Gasroenterol Nutr 2000; 31: 220–31.
6. Delmee M, Verellen G, Avesani V et al. Clostridium difficile in neonates: serogrouping and epidemiology. Eur J Pediatr 1988; 147: 36–40.
7. Larson HE, Barclay FE, Honour P et al. Epidemiology of Clostridium difficile in infants. J Infect Dis 1982; 146: 727–33.
8. Ferroni A, Merckx J, Ancelle T et al. Nosocomial outbreak of Clostridium difficile diarrhea in a pediatric service. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 1997; 16: 928–33.
9. Buts JP. The clinical significance of Clostridium difficile infections in infants and children. In: Rambaud JC, LaMont JT. Updates of Clostridium difficile. Paris: Springer-Verlag, 1996; p. 29–36.
10. Benoit R, Danquechin DE, Loulergue J et al. Diarroea post-antibiotique: role de Klebsiella oxytoca. Gasroenterol Clin Biol 1992; 16: 860–4.
11. Lamont J. Recent advances in the structures and function of Clostridium difficile toxins. In: Rambaud JC, LaMont JT. Updates of Clostridium difficile. Paris: Springer-Verlag, 1996; p. 72–86.
12. Price AB. Pseudomembranous colitis. In: Wright R, ed. Recent advances in gastroenterology. London: WB Saunders, 2005; p. 15–172.
13. Mylonakis E, Ryan ET, Calderwood SB. Clostridium difficile-associatied diarrhea: a review. Arch Intern Med 2000; 161 (525): 5–33.
14. Cooperstock M. Clostridium difficile in infants and children. In: Rambaud JC, Ducluzeau R, eds. Clostridium difficile-associated intestinal diseases. Paris: Springer-Verlag, 1990; p. 81–94.
15. Harris PR, Figueroa-Colon R. Rectal prolapse in children associated with Clostridium difficile infection. Ped Infect Dis J 1995; 14: 78–80.
16. Garlani MJ, Murray JC, Morad AB et al. Chronic osteomyelitis caused by Clostridium difficile in an adolescent with sickle cell disease. Ped Infect Dis J 1996; 15: 1054–6.
17. Thomas DFM, Fernie DS, Bayston R et al. Clostridial toxins in neonatal necrotising enterocolitis. Arch Dis Child 1984; 59: 270–83.
18. Cetina-Sauri G, Sierra Basto G. Therapeutic evaluation of Saccharomyces boulardii in children with acute diarrhea. Annales de Pediatrie 1994; 41 (6): 397–400.
19. Castaneda C, Garcia E, Santa Cruz M et al. Effects of Saccharomyces boulardii in children with chronic diarrhea, especially cases due to giardiasis. Revista Mexicana de Puericultura y Pediatria 1995; 2: 12.
20. Castagliuolo I, LaMont JT, Nikulasson ST et al. Saccharomyces boulardii protease inhibits Clostridium difficile toxin A effects in the rat ileum. Infect Immun 1996; 12: 5225–32.
21. Gedek BR. Adherence of E. coli serogroup O-157 and the Salmonella typhimurium mutant DT 104 to the surface of Saccharomyces boulardii. Mycoses 1999; 42 (4): 261–4.
22. Cherucka D, Dahan S, Mograbi B et al. Saccharomyces boulardii preserves the barrier function and modulates the signal transduction pathway induced in enteropathogenic Escherichia coli-infected T84 cells. Infect Immun 2000; 68: 5998–6004.
23. Dahan S, Dalmasso G, Imbert V et al. Saccharomyces boulardii interferes with enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli-induced signaling pathways in T84 cells. Infect Immun 2003; 72 (2): 766–73.
24. Buts JP, Bernasconi P, van Craymest MP et al. Response of human and rat small intestinal mucosa to oral administration of Saccharomyces boulardii. Pediatr Res 1986; 20: 192–6.
25. Sougiolzis S. Saccharomyces boulardii produces a soluble anti-inflammatory factor that inhibits NF-kB-mediated IL-8 gene expression. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2006; 2: 23.
26. Girard-Pipau F, Pompei A, Schneider S et al. Intestinal microflora, short chain and cellular fatty acids, influence of a probiotic Saccharomyces boulardii. Microb Ecolog Health Dis 2002; 14: 220–7.
27. Buts JP, Corthier G, Delmee M. Saccharomyces boulardii for Clostridium difficile-associated entheropathies in infants. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 1993; 16: 419–25.
28. Costalos C, Skouteri V, Gounaris A et al. Enteral feeding of premature infants with Saccharomyces boulardii. Early Hum Dev 2003; 11: 89–96.
Авторы
Е.А.Корниенко*
ГБОУ ВПО Санкт-Петербургский государственный педиатрический медицинский университет Минздрава России. 194100, Россия, Санкт-Петербург, Литовская ул., д. 2
*elenkornienk@yandex.ru
Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. 194100, Russian Federation, Saint Petersburg, Litovskaja ul., d. 2
*elenkornienk@yandex.ru
ГБОУ ВПО Санкт-Петербургский государственный педиатрический медицинский университет Минздрава России. 194100, Россия, Санкт-Петербург, Литовская ул., д. 2
*elenkornienk@yandex.ru
________________________________________________
Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. 194100, Russian Federation, Saint Petersburg, Litovskaja ul., d. 2
*elenkornienk@yandex.ru
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