Рациональное питание при сахарном диабете типа 1 у детей и подростков

Киселева Е.В., Латышев О.Ю., Окминян Г.Ф., Самсонова Л.Н. Рациональное питание при сахарном диабете типа 1 у детей и подростков. Педиатрия (Прил. к журн. Consilium Medicum). 2018; 2: 74–77.
DOI: 10.26442/2413-8460_2018.2.74-77

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Kiseleva E.V., Latyshev O.Yu., Okminyan G.F., Samsonova L.N. Rational nutrition in type 1 diabetes mellitus in children and adolescents. Pediatrics (Suppl. Consilium Medicum). 2018; 2: 74–77. DOI: 10.26442/2413-8460_2018.2.74-77

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Аннотация

Диетотерапия является полноправным компонентом лечения сахарного диабета наряду с инсулинотерапией, физической активностью, самоконтролем и обучением. Исторически диетотерапия была первым методом лечения сахарного диабета. Неудовлетворительные его результаты определяют необходимость анализа и совершенствования всех компонентов лечения, в том числе и диетотерапии. На протяжении времени продолжается соперничество между высокоуглеводной и низкоуглеводной диетой. На сегодня большинство национальных руководств рекомендуют придерживаться физиологического и сбалансированного по основным пищевым субстратам плана питания. При этом важно применять технологии синхронизации инсулина и углеводов. Также нужно использовать принцип персонализированного подхода к питанию. Требуются дальнейшие исследования рационального питания при сахарном диабете типа 1 у детей и подростков.
Ключевые слова: сахарный диабет типа 1, диета, рациональное питание, углеводы, белки, жиры.

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Diet therapy is a full component of the treatment of diabetes mellitus along with insulin therapy, physical activity, self-control and training. Historically, diet therapy was the first method of treating diabetes. Unsatisfactory its results determine the need for analysis and improvement of all components of treatment, including diet therapy. Over time, the rivalry between high-carbohydrate and low-carbohydrate diet continues. To date, most national guidelines recommend the adherence to physiological and nutrition plan balanced on the main food substrates. It is important to use technology to synchronize insulin and carbohydrates. Also, you need to use the principle of a personalized approach to nutrition. Further research is required rational nutrition for type 1 diabetes mellitus in children and adolescents.
Key words: diabetes mellitus type 1, diet, rational nutrition, carbohydrates, proteins, fats.

Список литературы

1. Nathan DM, Group DER. The diabetes control and complication trail/epidemiology of diabetes intervention and complications study at 30 years: overview. Diabetes Care 2014; 37 (1): 9–16.
2. Smart CE, Annan F, Bruno LPC et al. Nutritional management in children and adolescents with diabetes. Pediatric Diabetes 2014: 15 (Suppl. 20): 135–53.
3. McKnight JA, Wild SH, Lamb MJ et al. Glycaemic control of Type 1 diabetes in clinical practice early in 21st century: an international comparison. Diabet Med 2015; 32 (8): 1036–50.
4. Sawyer L, Gale EAM. Diet, delusion and diabetes. Diabetologia 2009; 52: 1–7.
5. American Diabetes Association. Nutrition Recommendations and Intervention for Diabetes-2006. A Position statement of the American Diabetes Association. Diabetes Care 2006; 29 (9): 2140–57.
6. Stone ML, Craig ME, Chan AK et al. Natural history and risk factors for microalbuminuria in adolescents with type 1 diabetes: a longitudinal study. Diabetes Care 2006; 29: 2072–7.
7. Sandhu N, Witmans MB, Lemay J-F et al. Prevalence of overweight and obesity in children and adolescent with type 1 diabetes mellitus. J Pediatric Endocrinol Metab 2008; p. 631–40.
8. Касаткина Э.П. Сахарный диабет у детей и подростков. М.: Медицина, 1996; с. 52–92. / Kasatkina E.P. Saharnyj diabet u detej i podrostkov. M.: Medicina, 1996; s. 52–92. [in Russian]
9. Craig ME, Twigs SM, Donaghue K et al. For the Australian Type 1 Diabetes Guidelines Expert Advisory Group. National Evidence-Based Clinical Care Guidelines Type 1 Diabetes in Children, Adolescents and Adults. Canberra: Australian Government, Department of Health and Aging, 2011.
10. Rickard KA, Cleveland JL, Loghmani ES et al. Similar glycemic responses to high versus moderate sucrose-containing foods in test meals for adolescents with type 1 diabetes and fasting euglicemia. J Am Diet Assoc 2001; 101: 1202–5.
11. Canadian Diabetes Association Clinical Practice Guidelines Expert Committee. Clinical Practice guadelines. Nutrition therapy. Can J Diabetes 2013; 37: S45–S55.
12. Trento M, Borgo E, Kucich C et al. Quality of life, coping ability, and metabolic control in patients with type 1 diabetes managed by group care and carbohydrate counting program. Diabetes Care 2009; 32: e134.
13. Jenkins DJA, Wolever TMS, Taylor RH et al. Glycemic index of foods: a physiological basis for carbohydrate exchange. Am J Clin Nutr 1981; 34: 362–6.
14. Brand-Miller J, Hayne S, Petocz P, Colagiuri S. Low-glycaemic loads index diets in management of diabetes: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Diabetes Care 2003; 26: 2261.
15. Levitan EB, Cook NR, Stampfer MJ et al. Dietary glycemic index, dietary glycemic load, blood lipids, and C-reactive protein. Metabolism 2008; 57 (3): 437–43.
16. Dewey K, Beaton G, Fjeld C et al. Protein requirements of infants and children. Eur J Clin Nutr 1996; 50: S119–150.
17. Helgeson VS, Viccaro L, Becker D et al. Diet of adolescents with and without diabetes: trading candy for potato chips. Diabetes Care 2006; 29: 982–7.
18. Institute of Medicine of the National Academies. Dietary DRI Reference Intakes: The Essential Guide to Nutrient Requirements. Washington, DC: The national Academies Press, 2006.
19. Williams CL. Dietary fiber in childhood. J Pediatr 2006; 149: S121–S130.
20. Turton JL, Raab R, Rooney KB. Low-carbohydrate diets for type 1 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review. PLoS ONE 2018; 13 (3): e0194987. https: //doi.org/10.1371/journal. pone.0194987

________________________________________________

1. Nathan DM, Group DER. The diabetes control and complication trail/epidemiology of diabetes intervention and complications study at 30 years: overview. Diabetes Care 2014; 37 (1): 9–16.
2. Smart CE, Annan F, Bruno LPC et al. Nutritional management in children and adolescents with diabetes. Pediatric Diabetes 2014: 15 (Suppl. 20): 135–53.
3. McKnight JA, Wild SH, Lamb MJ et al. Glycaemic control of Type 1 diabetes in clinical practice early in 21st century: an international comparison. Diabet Med 2015; 32 (8): 1036–50.
4. Sawyer L, Gale EAM. Diet, delusion and diabetes. Diabetologia 2009; 52: 1–7.
5. American Diabetes Association. Nutrition Recommendations and Intervention for Diabetes-2006. A Position statement of the American Diabetes Association. Diabetes Care 2006; 29 (9): 2140–57.
6. Stone ML, Craig ME, Chan AK et al. Natural history and risk factors for microalbuminuria in adolescents with type 1 diabetes: a longitudinal study. Diabetes Care 2006; 29: 2072–7.
7. Sandhu N, Witmans MB, Lemay J-F et al. Prevalence of overweight and obesity in children and adolescent with type 1 diabetes mellitus. J Pediatric Endocrinol Metab 2008; p. 631–40.
8.Kasatkina E.P. Saharnyj diabet u detej i podrostkov. M.: Medicina, 1996; s. 52–92. [in Russian]
9. Craig ME, Twigs SM, Donaghue K et al. For the Australian Type 1 Diabetes Guidelines Expert Advisory Group. National Evidence-Based Clinical Care Guidelines Type 1 Diabetes in Children, Adolescents and Adults. Canberra: Australian Government, Department of Health and Aging, 2011.
10. Rickard KA, Cleveland JL, Loghmani ES et al. Similar glycemic responses to high versus moderate sucrose-containing foods in test meals for adolescents with type 1 diabetes and fasting euglicemia. J Am Diet Assoc 2001; 101: 1202–5.
11. Canadian Diabetes Association Clinical Practice Guidelines Expert Committee. Clinical Practice guadelines. Nutrition therapy. Can J Diabetes 2013; 37: S45–S55.
12. Trento M, Borgo E, Kucich C et al. Quality of life, coping ability, and metabolic control in patients with type 1 diabetes managed by group care and carbohydrate counting program. Diabetes Care 2009; 32: e134.
13. Jenkins DJA, Wolever TMS, Taylor RH et al. Glycemic index of foods: a physiological basis for carbohydrate exchange. Am J Clin Nutr 1981; 34: 362–6.
14. Brand-Miller J, Hayne S, Petocz P, Colagiuri S. Low-glycaemic loads index diets in management of diabetes: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Diabetes Care 2003; 26: 2261.
15. Levitan EB, Cook NR, Stampfer MJ et al. Dietary glycemic index, dietary glycemic load, blood lipids, and C-reactive protein. Metabolism 2008; 57 (3): 437–43.
16. Dewey K, Beaton G, Fjeld C et al. Protein requirements of infants and children. Eur J Clin Nutr 1996; 50: S119–150.
17. Helgeson VS, Viccaro L, Becker D et al. Diet of adolescents with and without diabetes: trading candy for potato chips. Diabetes Care 2006; 29: 982–7.
18. Institute of Medicine of the National Academies. Dietary DRI Reference Intakes: The Essential Guide to Nutrient Requirements. Washington, DC: The national Academies Press, 2006.
19. Williams CL. Dietary fiber in childhood. J Pediatr 2006; 149: S121–S130.
20. Turton JL, Raab R, Rooney KB. Low-carbohydrate diets for type 1 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review. PLoS ONE 2018; 13 (3): e0194987. https: //doi.org/10.1371/journal. pone.0194987

Авторы

Е.В.Киселева, О.Ю.Латышев, Г.Ф.Окминян, Л.Н.Самсонова*

ФГБОУ ДПО «Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования» Минздрава России. 125993, Россия, Москва, ул. Баррикадная, д. 2/1
*elvkasatkina@yandex.ru

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E.V.Kiseleva, O.Yu.Latyshev, G.F.Okminyan, L.N.Samsonova*

Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. 125993, Russian Federation, Moscow, ul. Barrikadnaia, d. 2/1
*elvkasatkina@yandex.ru

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