Материалы доступны только для специалистов сферы здравоохранения. Авторизуйтесь или зарегистрируйтесь.
Рациональный подход к терапии инфекции мочевой системы у детей
Рациональный подход к терапии инфекции мочевой системы у детей
Чугунова О.Л. Рациональный подход к терапии инфекции мочевой системы у детей. Педиатрия. Consilium Medicum. 2021; 1: 63–71. DOI: 10.26442/26586630.2021.1.200632
________________________________________________
Материалы доступны только для специалистов сферы здравоохранения. Авторизуйтесь или зарегистрируйтесь.
Аннотация
В статье рассматриваются вопросы комплексной терапии инфекции мочевой системы (ИМС) у детей на основании обсуждения современных особенностей этиологии, патогенеза, клинических проявлений. Появление микробных биопленок и увеличивающаяся резистентность возбудителей, вызывающих развитие ИМС, диктует необходимость поиска новых методов лечения. Для преодоления персистенции бактерий и реинфекции необходимы рациональная антибиотикотерапия с учетом чувствительности высеваемой флоры к антибиотикам, отказ от использования длительной антибиотикопрофилактики, устранение органических и функциональных нарушений уродинамики, а также применение лекарственных средств растительного происхождения. Если у ребенка нет тяжелых аномалий или имеет место обструкция функционального характера, то в качестве профилактической противорецидивной меры следует рассматривать альтернативные методы. После курсов антибиотика и уросептика или одновременно с ними может быть назначен растительный лекарственный препарат Канефрон® Н, в состав которого входят части трех растений – корни любистока лекарственного, трава золототысячника и листья розмарина. Препарат оказывает противомикробное, противовоспалительное, спазмолитическое и диуретическое действие. Его применение может повысить эффективность комплексного лечения обострений и профилактической терапии рецидивов ИМС.
Ключевые слова: инфекция мочевой системы, пиелонефрит, Канефрон Н, дети
Keywords: urinary tract infection, pyelonephritis, Canephron N, children
Ключевые слова: инфекция мочевой системы, пиелонефрит, Канефрон Н, дети
________________________________________________
Keywords: urinary tract infection, pyelonephritis, Canephron N, children
Полный текст
Список литературы
1. Lellig E, Apfelbeck M, Straub J et al. Urinary tract infections in children. Urologe A 2017; 56 (2): 247–62.
2. Larcombe J. Urinary tract infection in children: recurrent infections. BMJ Clin Evid 2015; 2015.
3. Зоркин С.Н., Катосова Л.К., Музыченко З.Н. Лечение инфекции мочевыводящих путей у детей. Мед. совет. 2009; 4: 25–30 [Zorkin SN, Katosova LK, Muzychenko ZN. Lechenie infektsii mochevyvodiashchikh putei u detei. Med. sovet. 2009; 4: 25–30 (in Russian)].
4. Клинические рекомендации Минздрава России. Профессиональные ассоциации: Союз педиатров России. Инфекция мочевыводящих путей у детей. 2018 [Clinical guidelines of the Russian Ministry of Health. Professional associations: Union of Pediatricians of Russia. Urinary tract infection in children. 2018 (in Russian)].
5. Чугунова О.Л. Течение инфекции мочевой системы у детей раннего возраста на фоне острой респираторной вирусной инфекции. Эффективная фармакотерапия. 2016; 44: 38–50 [Chugunova OL. Techenie infektsii mochevoi sistemy u detei rannego vozrasta na fone ostroi respiratornoi virusnoi infektsii. Effektivnaia farmakoterapiia. 2016; 44: 38–50 (in Russian)].
6. Sorlózano-Puerto A, Gómez-Luque JM, Luna-Del-Castillo JD, et al. Etiological and Resistance Profile of Bacteria Involved in Urinary Tract Infections in Young Children. Biomed Res Int 2017; 2017: 4909452. DOI: 10.1155/2017/4909452
7. Коровина Н.А., Захарова И.Н., Страчунский Л.С., и др. Практические рекомендации по антибактериальной терапии инфекций мочевой системы внебольничного происхождения у детей (пособие для врачей). Клин. микробиология и антимикроб. химиотерапия 2002; 4 (4): 337–46 [Korovina NA, Zakharova IN, Strachunskii LS, et al. Prakticheskie rekomendatsii po antibakterial'noi terapii infektsii mochevoi sistemy vnebol'nichnogo proiskhozhdeniia u detei (posobie dlia vrachei). Klin. mikrobiologiia i antimikrob. khimioterapiia 2002; 4 (4): 337–46 (in Russian)].
8. Чугунова О.Л., Шумихина М.В., Думова С.В., Фоктова А.С. Особенности патогенеза, диагностики, течения инфекций органов мочевой системы у новорожденных и детей раннего возраста, возможности терапевтической коррекции. Вестн. соврем. клин. медицины. 2013; 6 (6): 119–28 [Chugunova OL, Shumikhina MV, Dumova SV, Foktova AS. Osobennosti patogeneza, diagnostiki, techeniia infektsii organov mochevoi sistemy u novorozhdennykh i detei rannego vozrasta, vozmozhnosti terapevticheskoi korrektsii. Vestn. sovrem. klin. meditsiny. 2013; 6 (6): 119–28 (in Russian)].
9. Чугунова О.Л., Шумихина М.В. Инфекция мочевой системы у детей: актуальные вопросы. Эффективная фармакотерапия. Педиатрия. 2015; 3: 10–21 [Chugunova OL, Shumikhina MV. Urinary tract infection in children: current issues. Effective pharmacotherapy. Pediatrics. 2015; 3: 10–21 (in Russian)].
10. Shaikh N, Shope TR, Hoberman A, Vigliotti A еt al. Association Between Uropathogen and Pyuria. Pediatrics 2016; 138 (1). DOI: 10.1542/peds.2016-0087
11. Brubaker L, Wolfe A. The female uriniary microbiota, urinary health and common urinary disorders. Ann Transl Med 2017; 5 (2): 34.
12. Amarenco G. Microbiote urinaire et troubles mictionnels. Progrès en urologie 2015; 25: 615–27.
13. Джакипбекова З.К., Несмеянова Е.П. Применение препаратов Цицибон и Канефрон н в профилактическом лечении инфекции мочевыводящих путей. World science. 2016; 2 (1): 28–32 [Dzhakipbekova ZK, Nesmeianova EP. Primenenie preparatov Tsitsibon i Kanefron n v profilakticheskom lechenii infektsii mochevyvodiashchikh putei. World science. 2016; 2 (1): 28–32 (in Russian)].
14. Murugapoopathy V, McCusker C, Gupta IR. The pathogenesis and management of renal scarring in children with vesicoureteral reflux and pyelonephrotis. Ped Nephrol 2020; 35 (3): 349–57. DOI: 10.1007/s00467-018-4187-9
15. Mattoo TK, Chesney RW, Greenfield SP, et.al. RIVUR Trial Investigators (2016). Renal scarring in the randomized intervention for children with vesicoureteral reflux (RIVUR) Trial. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2016; 11: 54–61. DOI: 10.2215/CJN.05210515
16. Deo SS, Vaidya AK. Elevated levels of secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) in urinary tract infections. Indian J Pediatr 2004; 71: 37–40.
17. Lee G, Romih R, Zupančič D. Cystitis: from urothelial cell biology to clinical applications. Biomed Res Int 2014; 10. DOI: 10.1155/2014/473536
18. Valore EV, Park CH, Quayle AJ, et al. Human beta-defensin-1: an antimicrobial peptide of urogenital tissues. J Clin Invest 1998; 101: 1633–42. DOI: 10.1172/JCI1861
19. Nielsen KL, Dynesen P, Larsen P, еt al. Role of urinary cathelicidin LL-37 and human b-defensin 1 in uncomplicated Escherichia coli urinary tract infections. Infect Immun 2014; 82: 1572–8. DOI: 10.1128/iai.01393-13
20. Watnick P, Kolter R. Biofilm, city of microbes. J Bacteriol 2000; 182: 2675–9.
21. Costerton JW, Stewart PS, Greenberg EP. Bacterial biofilms: a common cause of persistent infections. Science 1999; 284: 1318–22.
22. Мальцев С.В., Мансурова Г.Ш. Что такое биопленка? Практическая медицина. 2011; 5 (53): 7–10 [Mal'tsev SV, Mansurova GSh. Chto takoe bioplenka? Prakticheskaia meditsina. 2011; 5 (53): 7–10 (in Russian)].
23. Hancock V, Ferrieres L, Klemm P. Biofilm formation by asymptomatic and virulent urinary tract infectious Escherichia coli strains. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol 2007; 51: 212–9.
24. Серова Г.А., Паунова С.С. Инфекция мочевой системы у детей (обзор литературы). Нефрология и диализ. 2007; 9 (1): 86–91 [Serova GA, Paunova SS. Infektsiia mochevoi sistemy u detei (obzor literatury). Nefrologiia i dializ. 2007; 9 (1): 86–91 (in Russian)].
25. Warady BA, Chadha V. Chronic kidney disease in children: the global perspective. Ped Nephrol 2007; 22: 1199–2009.
26. Bergman DA, Baltz RD, Cooley JR, et al. Practice Parameter: The Diagnosis, Treatment, and Evalution of the Initial Urinary Tract Infection in Febrile Infants and Young Children. American Academy of Pediatrics. Committee on Quality Improvement, Subcommittee on Urinary Tract Infection. Pediatrics 1999; 103 (4): 843–52.
27. Urinary Tract Infection In Children (Diagnosis, Treatment And Long-Term Management). National Collaborating Centre for Women’s and Children’s Health UK. Clinical Guideline. August 2007.
28. American Academy of Pediatrics: Section on Urology Response to New Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of UTI. Pediatrics. March 2012.
29. Prat C, Dominguez J, Rodrigo D, et al. Elevated serum procalcitonin values correlate with renal scarring in children with urinary tract infection. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2003; 22 (5): 438–42.
30. Ольхова Е.Б., Копылова Е.М., Пачес О.А., Никитина С.Ю. Ультразвуковое исследование почек при пузырно-мочеточниковом рефлюксе у детей. Эхография. 2001; 2 (2): 201–11 [Ol'khova EB, Kopylova EM, Paches OA, Nikitina SIu. Ul'trazvukovoe issledovanie pochek pri puzyrno-mochetochnikovom refliukse u detei. Ekhografiia. 2001; 2 (2): 201–11 (in Russian)].
31. Tsai J-D, Huang F-Y, Tsai T-C. Asymptomatic vesicoureteral reflux detected by neonatal ultrasonographic screening. Ped Nephrol 1998; 12: 206–9.
32. Коровина Н.А., Захарова И.Н., Мумладзе Э.Б. Диагностика и лечение пиелонефрита у детей: пособие для врачей. М.: Медпрактика-М, 2007 [Korovina NA, Zakharova IN, Mumladze EB. Diagnostics and treatment of pyelonephritis in children: a guide for doctors. Moscow: Medpraktika-M, 2007 (in Russian)].
33. La Scola C, De Mutiis C, Hewitt IK, et al. Different guidelines for imaging after first UTI in febrile infants: yield, cost, and radiation. Pediatrics 2013; 131 (3): 665–71.
34. Hoberman A, Charron M, Hickey RW, et al. Imaging studies after a first febrile urinary tract infection in young children. N Engl J Med 2003; 348 (2): 195–202.
35. Hennaut E, Duong HP, Chiodini B, et al. Prospective Cohort Study Investigating the Safety and Efficacy of Ambulatory Treatment With Oral Cefuroxime-Axetil in Febrile Children With Urinary Tract Infection. Front Pediatr 2018; 6: 237.
36. Piñeiro Pérez R, Cilleruelo Ortega MJ, Ares Álvarez J, et al. Recommendations on the diagnosis and treatment of urinary tract infection. An Pediatr (Barc) 2019; 90 (6): 1–9.
37. Kaufman J, Temple-Smith M, Sanci L. Urinary tract infections in children: an overview of diagnosis and management. BMJ Paediatr Open 2019; 3 (1): e000487.
38. Коровина Н.А., Захарова И.Н., Мумладзе Э.Б. Острый цистит у детей: клиника, диагностика, лечение. Лечащий врач. 2003; 7: 63–9 [Korovina NA, Zakharova IN, Mumladze EB. Ostryi tsistit u detei: klinika, diagnostika, lechenie. Lechashchii vrach. 2003; 7: 63–9 (in Russian)].
39. Vazouras K, Basmaci R, Bielicki J, et al. Antibiotics and Cure Rates in Childhood Febrile Urinary Tract Infections in Clinical Trials: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Drugs 2018; 78 (15): 1593–604.
40. Лойман Э., Цыгин А.Н., Саркисян А.А. Детская нефрология. Практическое руководство. М.: Литтерра, 2010 [Loiman E, Tsygin AN, Sarkisyan AA. Pediatric nephrology. A practical guide. Moscow: Litterra, 2010 (in Russian)].
41. Calzi A, Grignolo S, Caviglia I, еt al. Resistance to oral antibiotics in 4569 Gram-negative rods isolated from urinary tract infection in children. Eur J Pediatr 2016; 175 (9): 1219–25. DOI: 10.1007/s00431-016-2763-1
42. DeMuri GP, Wald ER. Imaging and antimicrobial prophylaxis following the diagnosis of urinary tractinfection in children. Pediatr Inf Dis J 2008; 27 (6): 553–4.
43. De St Maurice A, Willis Z, Ross S. Antibiotic Stewardship and the Diagnosis of UTI in Children With Neurogenic Bladders. Pediatrics 2018; 142 (2).
44. Яковлев С.В. Антибактериальная терапия внебольничных неосложненных инфекций мочевыводящих путей с позиций современного состояния антибиотикорезистентности. РМЖ. 2006; 27: 1998 [Iakovlev SV. Antibakterial'naia terapiia vnebol'nichnykh neoslozhnennykh infektsii mochevyvodiashchikh putei s pozitsii sovremennogo sostoianiia antibiotikorezistentnosti. RMZh. 2006; 27: 1998 (in Russian)].
45. Pennesi M, Travan L, Peratoner L, et al. North East Italy Prophylaxis in VUR study group. Is antibiotic prophylaxis in children with vesicoureteral reflux effective in preventing pyelonephritis and renal scars? A randomized, controlled trial. Pediatrics 2008; 121 (6).
46. Montini G, Hewitt I. Prophylaxis or no prophylaxis after urinary infection in children? G Ital Nefrol 2009; 26 (4): 420.
47. Brandstrom P, Hansson S. Long-Term Low-Dose Prophylaxis against Urinary Tract Infections in Young Children. Ped Nephrol 2015; 30: 425–32. DOI: 10.1007/s00467-014-2854-z
48. Cai T, Tamanini I, Kulchavenya E, et al. The role of nutraceuticals and phytotherapy in the management of urinary tract infections: What we need to know? Arch Ital Urol Androl 2017; 89 (1): 1–6.
49. Veauthier B, Miller MV. Urinary Tract Infections in Young Children and Infants: Common Questions and Answers. Am Fam Physician 2020; 102 (5): 278–85.
50. Чугунова О.Л. Инфекции мочевой системы у детей: что могут комбинированные растительные средства? StatusРraesens. Педиатрия и неонатология. 2019; 4 (62): 64–73 [Chugunova OL. Infektsii mochevoi sistemy u detei: chto mogut kombinirovannye rastitel'nye sredstva? StatusPraesens. Pediatriia i neonatologiia. 2019; 4 (62): 64–73 (in Russian)].
51. Fernández-Puentes V, Uberos J, Rodríguez-Belmonte R, et al. Efficacy and safety profile of cranberry in infants and children with recurrent urinary tract infection. An Pediatr (Barc) 2015; 82 (6): 397–403.
52. Симоновская Х.Ю., Легкий С.В. Технологии и системный подход превращают лечение травами в точную науку. StatusPraesens. Педиатрия и неонатология. 2019; 2 (58): 59–65 [Simonovskaia KhIu, Legkii SV. Tekhnologii i sistemnyi podkhod prevrashchaiut lechenie travami v tochnuiu nauku. StatusPraesens. Pediatriia i neonatologiia. 2019; 2 (58): 59–65 (in Russian)].
53. Сафронова Е.С., Соколова Я.С., Лишик И.А., и др. Применение «Канефрона Н» с профилактической целью при беременности с заболеванием мочевыделительной системы (пиелонефрит). Достижения науки и образования. 2019; 5 (46): 98–103 [Safronova ES, Sokolova IaS, Lishik IA, et al. Primenenie "Kanefrona N' s profilakticheskoi tsel'iu pri beremennosti s zabolevaniem mochevydelitel'noi sistemy (pielonefrit). Dostizheniia nauki i obrazovaniia. 2019; 5 (46): 98–103 (in Russian)].
54. Riemann K. Studies carried out in order to collate practical data in accordance with 22 (3) of the German Drug Law (Medicines Act, Gesomed Study 2), Final Report, Internal documentation, Bionorica AG 1990 (unpublished).
55. Коровина Н.А., Захарова И.Н. Лечение хронического тубулоинтерстициального нефрита у детей. Педиатрия. Журн. им. Г.Н. Сперанского. 2008; 87 (3): 86–90 [Korovina NA, Zakharova IN. Lechenie khronicheskogo tubulointerstitsial'nogo nefrita u detei. Pediatriia. Zhurn. im. G.N. Speranskogo. 2008; 87 (3): 86–90 (in Russian)].
56. Летифов Г.М., Кривоновова Е.П. Место Канефрона Н в комплексной терапии инфекции мочевой системы и дисметаболических нефропатий у детей. Практика педиатра. 2017; 2: 36–40 [Letifov GM, Krivonovova EP. Mesto Kanefrona N v kompleksnoi terapii infektsii mochevoi sistemy i dismetabolicheskikh nefropatii u detei. Praktika pediatra. 2017; 2: 36–40 (in Russian)].
57. Эрман М.В. Фитотерапия в лечении инфекции мочевой системы у детей. Эффективная фармакотерапия. 2014; 16: 18–22 [Erman MV. Fitoterapiia v lechenii infektsii mochevoi sistemy u detei. Effektivnaia farmakoterapiia. 2014; 16: 18–22 (in Russian)].
58. Иванов Д.Д., Кушниренко С.В. Оценка лечебного и профилактического потенциала препарата канефрон н при острых циститах у детей: результаты клинического исследования. Почки. 2013; 3 (5): 9–13 [Ivanov DD, Kushnirenko SV. Otsenka lechebnogo i profilakticheskogo potentsiala preparata kanefron n pri ostrykh tsistitakh u detei: rezul'taty klinicheskogo issledovaniia. Pochki. 2013; 3 (5): 9–13 (in Russian)].
59. Длин В.В., Шатохина О.В., Османов И.М., Юрьева Э.А. Эффективность Канефрона Н у детей с дисметаболической нефропатией с оксалатно-кальциевой кристаллурией. Вестн. педиатрической фармакологии и нутрициологии. 2008; 5 (4): 66–9 [Dlin VV, Shatokhina OV, Osmanov IM, Iur'eva EA. Effektivnost' Kanefrona N u detei s dismetabolicheskoi nefropatiei s oksalatno-kal'tsievoi kristalluriei. Vestn. pediatricheskoi farmakologii i nutritsiologii. 2008; 5 (4): 66–9 (in Russian)].
60. Кириллов В.И., Богданова Н.А. Клинико-патогенетическое обоснование эффективности растительного препарата Канефрон Н в нефрологии детского возраста. РМЖ. 2015; 5: 1–6 [Kirillov VI, Bogdanova NA. Kliniko-patogeneticheskoe obosnovanie effektivnosti rastitel'nogo preparata Kanefron N v nefrologii detskogo vozrasta. RMZh. 2015; 5: 1–6 (in Russian)].
2. Larcombe J. Urinary tract infection in children: recurrent infections. BMJ Clin Evid 2015; 2015.
3. Zorkin SN, Katosova LK, Muzychenko ZN. Lechenie infektsii mochevyvodiashchikh putei u detei. Med. sovet. 2009; 4: 25–30 (in Russian).
4. Clinical guidelines of the Russian Ministry of Health. Professional associations: Union of Pediatricians of Russia. Urinary tract infection in children. 2018 (in Russian).
5. Chugunova OL. Techenie infektsii mochevoi sistemy u detei rannego vozrasta na fone ostroi respiratornoi virusnoi infektsii. Effektivnaia farmakoterapiia. 2016; 44: 38–50 (in Russian).
6. Sorlózano-Puerto A, Gómez-Luque JM, Luna-Del-Castillo JD, et al. Etiological and Resistance Profile of Bacteria Involved in Urinary Tract Infections in Young Children. Biomed Res Int 2017; 2017: 4909452. DOI: 10.1155/2017/4909452
7. Korovina NA, Zakharova IN, Strachunskii LS, et al. Prakticheskie rekomendatsii po antibakterial'noi terapii infektsii mochevoi sistemy vnebol'nichnogo proiskhozhdeniia u detei (posobie dlia vrachei). Klin. mikrobiologiia i antimikrob. khimioterapiia 2002; 4 (4): 337–46 (in Russian).
8. Chugunova OL, Shumikhina MV, Dumova SV, Foktova AS. Osobennosti patogeneza, diagnostiki, techeniia infektsii organov mochevoi sistemy u novorozhdennykh i detei rannego vozrasta, vozmozhnosti terapevticheskoi korrektsii. Vestn. sovrem. klin. meditsiny. 2013; 6 (6): 119–28 (in Russian).
9. Chugunova OL, Shumikhina MV. Urinary tract infection in children: current issues. Effective pharmacotherapy. Pediatrics. 2015; 3: 10–21 (in Russian).
10. Shaikh N, Shope TR, Hoberman A, Vigliotti A еt al. Association Between Uropathogen and Pyuria. Pediatrics 2016; 138 (1). DOI: 10.1542/peds.2016-0087
11. Brubaker L, Wolfe A. The female uriniary microbiota, urinary health and common urinary disorders. Ann Transl Med 2017; 5 (2): 34.
12. Amarenco G. Microbiote urinaire et troubles mictionnels. Progrès en urologie 2015; 25: 615–27.
13. Dzhakipbekova ZK, Nesmeianova EP. Primenenie preparatov Tsitsibon i Kanefron n v profilakticheskom lechenii infektsii mochevyvodiashchikh putei. World science. 2016; 2 (1): 28–32 (in Russian).
14. Murugapoopathy V, McCusker C, Gupta IR. The pathogenesis and management of renal scarring in children with vesicoureteral reflux and pyelonephrotis. Ped Nephrol 2020; 35 (3): 349–57. DOI: 10.1007/s00467-018-4187-9
15. Mattoo TK, Chesney RW, Greenfield SP, et.al. RIVUR Trial Investigators (2016). Renal scarring in the randomized intervention for children with vesicoureteral reflux (RIVUR) Trial. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2016; 11: 54–61. DOI: 10.2215/CJN.05210515
16. Deo SS, Vaidya AK. Elevated levels of secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) in urinary tract infections. Indian J Pediatr 2004; 71: 37–40.
17. Lee G, Romih R, Zupančič D. Cystitis: from urothelial cell biology to clinical applications. Biomed Res Int 2014; 10. DOI: 10.1155/2014/473536
18. Valore EV, Park CH, Quayle AJ, et al. Human beta-defensin-1: an antimicrobial peptide of urogenital tissues. J Clin Invest 1998; 101: 1633–42. DOI: 10.1172/JCI1861
19. Nielsen KL, Dynesen P, Larsen P, еt al. Role of urinary cathelicidin LL-37 and human b-defensin 1 in uncomplicated Escherichia coli urinary tract infections. Infect Immun 2014; 82: 1572–8. DOI: 10.1128/iai.01393-13
20. Watnick P, Kolter R. Biofilm, city of microbes. J Bacteriol 2000; 182: 2675–9.
21. Costerton JW, Stewart PS, Greenberg EP. Bacterial biofilms: a common cause of persistent infections. Science 1999; 284: 1318–22.
22. Mal'tsev SV, Mansurova GSh. Chto takoe bioplenka? Prakticheskaia meditsina. 2011; 5 (53): 7–10 (in Russian).
23. Hancock V, Ferrieres L, Klemm P. Biofilm formation by asymptomatic and virulent urinary tract infectious Escherichia coli strains. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol 2007; 51: 212–9.
24. Serova GA, Paunova SS. Infektsiia mochevoi sistemy u detei (obzor literatury). Nefrologiia i dializ. 2007; 9 (1): 86–91 (in Russian).
25. Warady BA, Chadha V. Chronic kidney disease in children: the global perspective. Ped Nephrol 2007; 22: 1199–2009.
26. Bergman DA, Baltz RD, Cooley JR, et al. Practice Parameter: The Diagnosis, Treatment, and Evalution of the Initial Urinary Tract Infection in Febrile Infants and Young Children. American Academy of Pediatrics. Committee on Quality Improvement, Subcommittee on Urinary Tract Infection. Pediatrics 1999; 103 (4): 843–52.
27. Urinary Tract Infection In Children (Diagnosis, Treatment And Long-Term Management). National Collaborating Centre for Women’s and Children’s Health UK. Clinical Guideline. August 2007.
28. American Academy of Pediatrics: Section on Urology Response to New Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of UTI. Pediatrics. March 2012.
29. Prat C, Dominguez J, Rodrigo D, et al. Elevated serum procalcitonin values correlate with renal scarring in children with urinary tract infection. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2003; 22 (5): 438–42.
30. Ol'khova EB, Kopylova EM, Paches OA, Nikitina SIu. Ul'trazvukovoe issledovanie pochek pri puzyrno-mochetochnikovom refliukse u detei. Ekhografiia. 2001; 2 (2): 201–11 (in Russian).
31. Tsai J-D, Huang F-Y, Tsai T-C. Asymptomatic vesicoureteral reflux detected by neonatal ultrasonographic screening. Ped Nephrol 1998; 12: 206–9.
32. Korovina NA, Zakharova IN, Mumladze EB. Diagnostics and treatment of pyelonephritis in children: a guide for doctors. Moscow: Medpraktika-M, 2007 (in Russian).
33. La Scola C, De Mutiis C, Hewitt IK, et al. Different guidelines for imaging after first UTI in febrile infants: yield, cost, and radiation. Pediatrics 2013; 131 (3): 665–71.
34. Hoberman A, Charron M, Hickey RW, et al. Imaging studies after a first febrile urinary tract infection in young children. N Engl J Med 2003; 348 (2): 195–202.
35. Hennaut E, Duong HP, Chiodini B, et al. Prospective Cohort Study Investigating the Safety and Efficacy of Ambulatory Treatment With Oral Cefuroxime-Axetil in Febrile Children With Urinary Tract Infection. Front Pediatr 2018; 6: 237.
36. Piñeiro Pérez R, Cilleruelo Ortega MJ, Ares Álvarez J, et al. Recommendations on the diagnosis and treatment of urinary tract infection. An Pediatr (Barc) 2019; 90 (6): 1–9.
37. Kaufman J, Temple-Smith M, Sanci L. Urinary tract infections in children: an overview of diagnosis and management. BMJ Paediatr Open 2019; 3 (1): e000487.
38. Korovina NA, Zakharova IN, Mumladze EB. Ostryi tsistit u detei: klinika, diagnostika, lechenie. Lechashchii vrach. 2003; 7: 63–9 (in Russian).
39. Vazouras K, Basmaci R, Bielicki J, et al. Antibiotics and Cure Rates in Childhood Febrile Urinary Tract Infections in Clinical Trials: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Drugs 2018; 78 (15): 1593–604.
40. Loiman E, Tsygin AN, Sarkisyan AA. Pediatric nephrology. A practical guide. Moscow: Litterra, 2010 (in Russian).
41. Calzi A, Grignolo S, Caviglia I, еt al. Resistance to oral antibiotics in 4569 Gram-negative rods isolated from urinary tract infection in children. Eur J Pediatr 2016; 175 (9): 1219–25. DOI: 10.1007/s00431-016-2763-1
42. DeMuri GP, Wald ER. Imaging and antimicrobial prophylaxis following the diagnosis of urinary tractinfection in children. Pediatr Inf Dis J 2008; 27 (6): 553–4.
43. De St Maurice A, Willis Z, Ross S. Antibiotic Stewardship and the Diagnosis of UTI in Children With Neurogenic Bladders. Pediatrics 2018; 142 (2).
44. Iakovlev SV. Antibakterial'naia terapiia vnebol'nichnykh neoslozhnennykh infektsii mochevyvodiashchikh putei s pozitsii sovremennogo sostoianiia antibiotikorezistentnosti. RMZh. 2006; 27: 1998 (in Russian).
45. Pennesi M, Travan L, Peratoner L, et al. North East Italy Prophylaxis in VUR study group. Is antibiotic prophylaxis in children with vesicoureteral reflux effective in preventing pyelonephritis and renal scars? A randomized, controlled trial. Pediatrics 2008; 121 (6).
46. Montini G, Hewitt I. Prophylaxis or no prophylaxis after urinary infection in children? G Ital Nefrol 2009; 26 (4): 420.
47. Brandstrom P, Hansson S. Long-Term Low-Dose Prophylaxis against Urinary Tract Infections in Young Children. Ped Nephrol 2015; 30: 425–32. DOI: 10.1007/s00467-014-2854-z
48. Cai T, Tamanini I, Kulchavenya E, et al. The role of nutraceuticals and phytotherapy in the management of urinary tract infections: What we need to know? Arch Ital Urol Androl 2017; 89 (1): 1–6.
49. Veauthier B, Miller MV. Urinary Tract Infections in Young Children and Infants: Common Questions and Answers. Am Fam Physician 2020; 102 (5): 278–85.
50. Chugunova OL. Infektsii mochevoi sistemy u detei: chto mogut kombinirovannye rastitel'nye sredstva? StatusPraesens. Pediatriia i neonatologiia. 2019; 4 (62): 64–73 (in Russian).
51. Fernández-Puentes V, Uberos J, Rodríguez-Belmonte R, et al. Efficacy and safety profile of cranberry in infants and children with recurrent urinary tract infection. An Pediatr (Barc) 2015; 82 (6): 397–403.
52. Simonovskaia KhIu, Legkii SV. Tekhnologii i sistemnyi podkhod prevrashchaiut lechenie travami v tochnuiu nauku. StatusPraesens. Pediatriia i neonatologiia. 2019; 2 (58): 59–65 (in Russian).
53. Safronova ES, Sokolova IaS, Lishik IA, et al. Primenenie "Kanefrona N' s profilakticheskoi tsel'iu pri beremennosti s zabolevaniem mochevydelitel'noi sistemy (pielonefrit). Dostizheniia nauki i obrazovaniia. 2019; 5 (46): 98–103 (in Russian).
54. Riemann K. Studies carried out in order to collate practical data in accordance with 22 (3) of the German Drug Law (Medicines Act, Gesomed Study 2), Final Report, Internal documentation, Bionorica AG 1990 (unpublished).
55. Korovina NA, Zakharova IN. Lechenie khronicheskogo tubulointerstitsial'nogo nefrita u detei. Pediatriia. Zhurn. im. G.N. Speranskogo. 2008; 87 (3): 86–90 (in Russian).
56. Letifov GM, Krivonovova EP. Mesto Kanefrona N v kompleksnoi terapii infektsii mochevoi sistemy i dismetabolicheskikh nefropatii u detei. Praktika pediatra. 2017; 2: 36–40 (in Russian).
57. Erman MV. Fitoterapiia v lechenii infektsii mochevoi sistemy u detei. Effektivnaia farmakoterapiia. 2014; 16: 18–22 (in Russian).
58. Ivanov DD, Kushnirenko SV. Otsenka lechebnogo i profilakticheskogo potentsiala preparata kanefron n pri ostrykh tsistitakh u detei: rezul'taty klinicheskogo issledovaniia. Pochki. 2013; 3 (5): 9–13 (in Russian).
59. Dlin VV, Shatokhina OV, Osmanov IM, Iur'eva EA. Effektivnost' Kanefrona N u detei s dismetabolicheskoi nefropatiei s oksalatno-kal'tsievoi kristalluriei. Vestn. pediatricheskoi farmakologii i nutritsiologii. 2008; 5 (4): 66–9 (in Russian).
60. Kirillov VI, Bogdanova NA. Kliniko-patogeneticheskoe obosnovanie effektivnosti rastitel'nogo preparata Kanefron N v nefrologii detskogo vozrasta. RMZh. 2015; 5: 1–6 (in Russian).
2. Larcombe J. Urinary tract infection in children: recurrent infections. BMJ Clin Evid 2015; 2015.
3. Зоркин С.Н., Катосова Л.К., Музыченко З.Н. Лечение инфекции мочевыводящих путей у детей. Мед. совет. 2009; 4: 25–30 [Zorkin SN, Katosova LK, Muzychenko ZN. Lechenie infektsii mochevyvodiashchikh putei u detei. Med. sovet. 2009; 4: 25–30 (in Russian)].
4. Клинические рекомендации Минздрава России. Профессиональные ассоциации: Союз педиатров России. Инфекция мочевыводящих путей у детей. 2018 [Clinical guidelines of the Russian Ministry of Health. Professional associations: Union of Pediatricians of Russia. Urinary tract infection in children. 2018 (in Russian)].
5. Чугунова О.Л. Течение инфекции мочевой системы у детей раннего возраста на фоне острой респираторной вирусной инфекции. Эффективная фармакотерапия. 2016; 44: 38–50 [Chugunova OL. Techenie infektsii mochevoi sistemy u detei rannego vozrasta na fone ostroi respiratornoi virusnoi infektsii. Effektivnaia farmakoterapiia. 2016; 44: 38–50 (in Russian)].
6. Sorlózano-Puerto A, Gómez-Luque JM, Luna-Del-Castillo JD, et al. Etiological and Resistance Profile of Bacteria Involved in Urinary Tract Infections in Young Children. Biomed Res Int 2017; 2017: 4909452. DOI: 10.1155/2017/4909452
7. Коровина Н.А., Захарова И.Н., Страчунский Л.С., и др. Практические рекомендации по антибактериальной терапии инфекций мочевой системы внебольничного происхождения у детей (пособие для врачей). Клин. микробиология и антимикроб. химиотерапия 2002; 4 (4): 337–46 [Korovina NA, Zakharova IN, Strachunskii LS, et al. Prakticheskie rekomendatsii po antibakterial'noi terapii infektsii mochevoi sistemy vnebol'nichnogo proiskhozhdeniia u detei (posobie dlia vrachei). Klin. mikrobiologiia i antimikrob. khimioterapiia 2002; 4 (4): 337–46 (in Russian)].
8. Чугунова О.Л., Шумихина М.В., Думова С.В., Фоктова А.С. Особенности патогенеза, диагностики, течения инфекций органов мочевой системы у новорожденных и детей раннего возраста, возможности терапевтической коррекции. Вестн. соврем. клин. медицины. 2013; 6 (6): 119–28 [Chugunova OL, Shumikhina MV, Dumova SV, Foktova AS. Osobennosti patogeneza, diagnostiki, techeniia infektsii organov mochevoi sistemy u novorozhdennykh i detei rannego vozrasta, vozmozhnosti terapevticheskoi korrektsii. Vestn. sovrem. klin. meditsiny. 2013; 6 (6): 119–28 (in Russian)].
9. Чугунова О.Л., Шумихина М.В. Инфекция мочевой системы у детей: актуальные вопросы. Эффективная фармакотерапия. Педиатрия. 2015; 3: 10–21 [Chugunova OL, Shumikhina MV. Urinary tract infection in children: current issues. Effective pharmacotherapy. Pediatrics. 2015; 3: 10–21 (in Russian)].
10. Shaikh N, Shope TR, Hoberman A, Vigliotti A еt al. Association Between Uropathogen and Pyuria. Pediatrics 2016; 138 (1). DOI: 10.1542/peds.2016-0087
11. Brubaker L, Wolfe A. The female uriniary microbiota, urinary health and common urinary disorders. Ann Transl Med 2017; 5 (2): 34.
12. Amarenco G. Microbiote urinaire et troubles mictionnels. Progrès en urologie 2015; 25: 615–27.
13. Джакипбекова З.К., Несмеянова Е.П. Применение препаратов Цицибон и Канефрон н в профилактическом лечении инфекции мочевыводящих путей. World science. 2016; 2 (1): 28–32 [Dzhakipbekova ZK, Nesmeianova EP. Primenenie preparatov Tsitsibon i Kanefron n v profilakticheskom lechenii infektsii mochevyvodiashchikh putei. World science. 2016; 2 (1): 28–32 (in Russian)].
14. Murugapoopathy V, McCusker C, Gupta IR. The pathogenesis and management of renal scarring in children with vesicoureteral reflux and pyelonephrotis. Ped Nephrol 2020; 35 (3): 349–57. DOI: 10.1007/s00467-018-4187-9
15. Mattoo TK, Chesney RW, Greenfield SP, et.al. RIVUR Trial Investigators (2016). Renal scarring in the randomized intervention for children with vesicoureteral reflux (RIVUR) Trial. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2016; 11: 54–61. DOI: 10.2215/CJN.05210515
16. Deo SS, Vaidya AK. Elevated levels of secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) in urinary tract infections. Indian J Pediatr 2004; 71: 37–40.
17. Lee G, Romih R, Zupančič D. Cystitis: from urothelial cell biology to clinical applications. Biomed Res Int 2014; 10. DOI: 10.1155/2014/473536
18. Valore EV, Park CH, Quayle AJ, et al. Human beta-defensin-1: an antimicrobial peptide of urogenital tissues. J Clin Invest 1998; 101: 1633–42. DOI: 10.1172/JCI1861
19. Nielsen KL, Dynesen P, Larsen P, еt al. Role of urinary cathelicidin LL-37 and human b-defensin 1 in uncomplicated Escherichia coli urinary tract infections. Infect Immun 2014; 82: 1572–8. DOI: 10.1128/iai.01393-13
20. Watnick P, Kolter R. Biofilm, city of microbes. J Bacteriol 2000; 182: 2675–9.
21. Costerton JW, Stewart PS, Greenberg EP. Bacterial biofilms: a common cause of persistent infections. Science 1999; 284: 1318–22.
22. Мальцев С.В., Мансурова Г.Ш. Что такое биопленка? Практическая медицина. 2011; 5 (53): 7–10 [Mal'tsev SV, Mansurova GSh. Chto takoe bioplenka? Prakticheskaia meditsina. 2011; 5 (53): 7–10 (in Russian)].
23. Hancock V, Ferrieres L, Klemm P. Biofilm formation by asymptomatic and virulent urinary tract infectious Escherichia coli strains. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol 2007; 51: 212–9.
24. Серова Г.А., Паунова С.С. Инфекция мочевой системы у детей (обзор литературы). Нефрология и диализ. 2007; 9 (1): 86–91 [Serova GA, Paunova SS. Infektsiia mochevoi sistemy u detei (obzor literatury). Nefrologiia i dializ. 2007; 9 (1): 86–91 (in Russian)].
25. Warady BA, Chadha V. Chronic kidney disease in children: the global perspective. Ped Nephrol 2007; 22: 1199–2009.
26. Bergman DA, Baltz RD, Cooley JR, et al. Practice Parameter: The Diagnosis, Treatment, and Evalution of the Initial Urinary Tract Infection in Febrile Infants and Young Children. American Academy of Pediatrics. Committee on Quality Improvement, Subcommittee on Urinary Tract Infection. Pediatrics 1999; 103 (4): 843–52.
27. Urinary Tract Infection In Children (Diagnosis, Treatment And Long-Term Management). National Collaborating Centre for Women’s and Children’s Health UK. Clinical Guideline. August 2007.
28. American Academy of Pediatrics: Section on Urology Response to New Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of UTI. Pediatrics. March 2012.
29. Prat C, Dominguez J, Rodrigo D, et al. Elevated serum procalcitonin values correlate with renal scarring in children with urinary tract infection. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2003; 22 (5): 438–42.
30. Ольхова Е.Б., Копылова Е.М., Пачес О.А., Никитина С.Ю. Ультразвуковое исследование почек при пузырно-мочеточниковом рефлюксе у детей. Эхография. 2001; 2 (2): 201–11 [Ol'khova EB, Kopylova EM, Paches OA, Nikitina SIu. Ul'trazvukovoe issledovanie pochek pri puzyrno-mochetochnikovom refliukse u detei. Ekhografiia. 2001; 2 (2): 201–11 (in Russian)].
31. Tsai J-D, Huang F-Y, Tsai T-C. Asymptomatic vesicoureteral reflux detected by neonatal ultrasonographic screening. Ped Nephrol 1998; 12: 206–9.
32. Коровина Н.А., Захарова И.Н., Мумладзе Э.Б. Диагностика и лечение пиелонефрита у детей: пособие для врачей. М.: Медпрактика-М, 2007 [Korovina NA, Zakharova IN, Mumladze EB. Diagnostics and treatment of pyelonephritis in children: a guide for doctors. Moscow: Medpraktika-M, 2007 (in Russian)].
33. La Scola C, De Mutiis C, Hewitt IK, et al. Different guidelines for imaging after first UTI in febrile infants: yield, cost, and radiation. Pediatrics 2013; 131 (3): 665–71.
34. Hoberman A, Charron M, Hickey RW, et al. Imaging studies after a first febrile urinary tract infection in young children. N Engl J Med 2003; 348 (2): 195–202.
35. Hennaut E, Duong HP, Chiodini B, et al. Prospective Cohort Study Investigating the Safety and Efficacy of Ambulatory Treatment With Oral Cefuroxime-Axetil in Febrile Children With Urinary Tract Infection. Front Pediatr 2018; 6: 237.
36. Piñeiro Pérez R, Cilleruelo Ortega MJ, Ares Álvarez J, et al. Recommendations on the diagnosis and treatment of urinary tract infection. An Pediatr (Barc) 2019; 90 (6): 1–9.
37. Kaufman J, Temple-Smith M, Sanci L. Urinary tract infections in children: an overview of diagnosis and management. BMJ Paediatr Open 2019; 3 (1): e000487.
38. Коровина Н.А., Захарова И.Н., Мумладзе Э.Б. Острый цистит у детей: клиника, диагностика, лечение. Лечащий врач. 2003; 7: 63–9 [Korovina NA, Zakharova IN, Mumladze EB. Ostryi tsistit u detei: klinika, diagnostika, lechenie. Lechashchii vrach. 2003; 7: 63–9 (in Russian)].
39. Vazouras K, Basmaci R, Bielicki J, et al. Antibiotics and Cure Rates in Childhood Febrile Urinary Tract Infections in Clinical Trials: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Drugs 2018; 78 (15): 1593–604.
40. Лойман Э., Цыгин А.Н., Саркисян А.А. Детская нефрология. Практическое руководство. М.: Литтерра, 2010 [Loiman E, Tsygin AN, Sarkisyan AA. Pediatric nephrology. A practical guide. Moscow: Litterra, 2010 (in Russian)].
41. Calzi A, Grignolo S, Caviglia I, еt al. Resistance to oral antibiotics in 4569 Gram-negative rods isolated from urinary tract infection in children. Eur J Pediatr 2016; 175 (9): 1219–25. DOI: 10.1007/s00431-016-2763-1
42. DeMuri GP, Wald ER. Imaging and antimicrobial prophylaxis following the diagnosis of urinary tractinfection in children. Pediatr Inf Dis J 2008; 27 (6): 553–4.
43. De St Maurice A, Willis Z, Ross S. Antibiotic Stewardship and the Diagnosis of UTI in Children With Neurogenic Bladders. Pediatrics 2018; 142 (2).
44. Яковлев С.В. Антибактериальная терапия внебольничных неосложненных инфекций мочевыводящих путей с позиций современного состояния антибиотикорезистентности. РМЖ. 2006; 27: 1998 [Iakovlev SV. Antibakterial'naia terapiia vnebol'nichnykh neoslozhnennykh infektsii mochevyvodiashchikh putei s pozitsii sovremennogo sostoianiia antibiotikorezistentnosti. RMZh. 2006; 27: 1998 (in Russian)].
45. Pennesi M, Travan L, Peratoner L, et al. North East Italy Prophylaxis in VUR study group. Is antibiotic prophylaxis in children with vesicoureteral reflux effective in preventing pyelonephritis and renal scars? A randomized, controlled trial. Pediatrics 2008; 121 (6).
46. Montini G, Hewitt I. Prophylaxis or no prophylaxis after urinary infection in children? G Ital Nefrol 2009; 26 (4): 420.
47. Brandstrom P, Hansson S. Long-Term Low-Dose Prophylaxis against Urinary Tract Infections in Young Children. Ped Nephrol 2015; 30: 425–32. DOI: 10.1007/s00467-014-2854-z
48. Cai T, Tamanini I, Kulchavenya E, et al. The role of nutraceuticals and phytotherapy in the management of urinary tract infections: What we need to know? Arch Ital Urol Androl 2017; 89 (1): 1–6.
49. Veauthier B, Miller MV. Urinary Tract Infections in Young Children and Infants: Common Questions and Answers. Am Fam Physician 2020; 102 (5): 278–85.
50. Чугунова О.Л. Инфекции мочевой системы у детей: что могут комбинированные растительные средства? StatusРraesens. Педиатрия и неонатология. 2019; 4 (62): 64–73 [Chugunova OL. Infektsii mochevoi sistemy u detei: chto mogut kombinirovannye rastitel'nye sredstva? StatusPraesens. Pediatriia i neonatologiia. 2019; 4 (62): 64–73 (in Russian)].
51. Fernández-Puentes V, Uberos J, Rodríguez-Belmonte R, et al. Efficacy and safety profile of cranberry in infants and children with recurrent urinary tract infection. An Pediatr (Barc) 2015; 82 (6): 397–403.
52. Симоновская Х.Ю., Легкий С.В. Технологии и системный подход превращают лечение травами в точную науку. StatusPraesens. Педиатрия и неонатология. 2019; 2 (58): 59–65 [Simonovskaia KhIu, Legkii SV. Tekhnologii i sistemnyi podkhod prevrashchaiut lechenie travami v tochnuiu nauku. StatusPraesens. Pediatriia i neonatologiia. 2019; 2 (58): 59–65 (in Russian)].
53. Сафронова Е.С., Соколова Я.С., Лишик И.А., и др. Применение «Канефрона Н» с профилактической целью при беременности с заболеванием мочевыделительной системы (пиелонефрит). Достижения науки и образования. 2019; 5 (46): 98–103 [Safronova ES, Sokolova IaS, Lishik IA, et al. Primenenie "Kanefrona N' s profilakticheskoi tsel'iu pri beremennosti s zabolevaniem mochevydelitel'noi sistemy (pielonefrit). Dostizheniia nauki i obrazovaniia. 2019; 5 (46): 98–103 (in Russian)].
54. Riemann K. Studies carried out in order to collate practical data in accordance with 22 (3) of the German Drug Law (Medicines Act, Gesomed Study 2), Final Report, Internal documentation, Bionorica AG 1990 (unpublished).
55. Коровина Н.А., Захарова И.Н. Лечение хронического тубулоинтерстициального нефрита у детей. Педиатрия. Журн. им. Г.Н. Сперанского. 2008; 87 (3): 86–90 [Korovina NA, Zakharova IN. Lechenie khronicheskogo tubulointerstitsial'nogo nefrita u detei. Pediatriia. Zhurn. im. G.N. Speranskogo. 2008; 87 (3): 86–90 (in Russian)].
56. Летифов Г.М., Кривоновова Е.П. Место Канефрона Н в комплексной терапии инфекции мочевой системы и дисметаболических нефропатий у детей. Практика педиатра. 2017; 2: 36–40 [Letifov GM, Krivonovova EP. Mesto Kanefrona N v kompleksnoi terapii infektsii mochevoi sistemy i dismetabolicheskikh nefropatii u detei. Praktika pediatra. 2017; 2: 36–40 (in Russian)].
57. Эрман М.В. Фитотерапия в лечении инфекции мочевой системы у детей. Эффективная фармакотерапия. 2014; 16: 18–22 [Erman MV. Fitoterapiia v lechenii infektsii mochevoi sistemy u detei. Effektivnaia farmakoterapiia. 2014; 16: 18–22 (in Russian)].
58. Иванов Д.Д., Кушниренко С.В. Оценка лечебного и профилактического потенциала препарата канефрон н при острых циститах у детей: результаты клинического исследования. Почки. 2013; 3 (5): 9–13 [Ivanov DD, Kushnirenko SV. Otsenka lechebnogo i profilakticheskogo potentsiala preparata kanefron n pri ostrykh tsistitakh u detei: rezul'taty klinicheskogo issledovaniia. Pochki. 2013; 3 (5): 9–13 (in Russian)].
59. Длин В.В., Шатохина О.В., Османов И.М., Юрьева Э.А. Эффективность Канефрона Н у детей с дисметаболической нефропатией с оксалатно-кальциевой кристаллурией. Вестн. педиатрической фармакологии и нутрициологии. 2008; 5 (4): 66–9 [Dlin VV, Shatokhina OV, Osmanov IM, Iur'eva EA. Effektivnost' Kanefrona N u detei s dismetabolicheskoi nefropatiei s oksalatno-kal'tsievoi kristalluriei. Vestn. pediatricheskoi farmakologii i nutritsiologii. 2008; 5 (4): 66–9 (in Russian)].
60. Кириллов В.И., Богданова Н.А. Клинико-патогенетическое обоснование эффективности растительного препарата Канефрон Н в нефрологии детского возраста. РМЖ. 2015; 5: 1–6 [Kirillov VI, Bogdanova NA. Kliniko-patogeneticheskoe obosnovanie effektivnosti rastitel'nogo preparata Kanefron N v nefrologii detskogo vozrasta. RMZh. 2015; 5: 1–6 (in Russian)].
________________________________________________
2. Larcombe J. Urinary tract infection in children: recurrent infections. BMJ Clin Evid 2015; 2015.
3. Zorkin SN, Katosova LK, Muzychenko ZN. Lechenie infektsii mochevyvodiashchikh putei u detei. Med. sovet. 2009; 4: 25–30 (in Russian).
4. Clinical guidelines of the Russian Ministry of Health. Professional associations: Union of Pediatricians of Russia. Urinary tract infection in children. 2018 (in Russian).
5. Chugunova OL. Techenie infektsii mochevoi sistemy u detei rannego vozrasta na fone ostroi respiratornoi virusnoi infektsii. Effektivnaia farmakoterapiia. 2016; 44: 38–50 (in Russian).
6. Sorlózano-Puerto A, Gómez-Luque JM, Luna-Del-Castillo JD, et al. Etiological and Resistance Profile of Bacteria Involved in Urinary Tract Infections in Young Children. Biomed Res Int 2017; 2017: 4909452. DOI: 10.1155/2017/4909452
7. Korovina NA, Zakharova IN, Strachunskii LS, et al. Prakticheskie rekomendatsii po antibakterial'noi terapii infektsii mochevoi sistemy vnebol'nichnogo proiskhozhdeniia u detei (posobie dlia vrachei). Klin. mikrobiologiia i antimikrob. khimioterapiia 2002; 4 (4): 337–46 (in Russian).
8. Chugunova OL, Shumikhina MV, Dumova SV, Foktova AS. Osobennosti patogeneza, diagnostiki, techeniia infektsii organov mochevoi sistemy u novorozhdennykh i detei rannego vozrasta, vozmozhnosti terapevticheskoi korrektsii. Vestn. sovrem. klin. meditsiny. 2013; 6 (6): 119–28 (in Russian).
9. Chugunova OL, Shumikhina MV. Urinary tract infection in children: current issues. Effective pharmacotherapy. Pediatrics. 2015; 3: 10–21 (in Russian).
10. Shaikh N, Shope TR, Hoberman A, Vigliotti A еt al. Association Between Uropathogen and Pyuria. Pediatrics 2016; 138 (1). DOI: 10.1542/peds.2016-0087
11. Brubaker L, Wolfe A. The female uriniary microbiota, urinary health and common urinary disorders. Ann Transl Med 2017; 5 (2): 34.
12. Amarenco G. Microbiote urinaire et troubles mictionnels. Progrès en urologie 2015; 25: 615–27.
13. Dzhakipbekova ZK, Nesmeianova EP. Primenenie preparatov Tsitsibon i Kanefron n v profilakticheskom lechenii infektsii mochevyvodiashchikh putei. World science. 2016; 2 (1): 28–32 (in Russian).
14. Murugapoopathy V, McCusker C, Gupta IR. The pathogenesis and management of renal scarring in children with vesicoureteral reflux and pyelonephrotis. Ped Nephrol 2020; 35 (3): 349–57. DOI: 10.1007/s00467-018-4187-9
15. Mattoo TK, Chesney RW, Greenfield SP, et.al. RIVUR Trial Investigators (2016). Renal scarring in the randomized intervention for children with vesicoureteral reflux (RIVUR) Trial. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2016; 11: 54–61. DOI: 10.2215/CJN.05210515
16. Deo SS, Vaidya AK. Elevated levels of secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) in urinary tract infections. Indian J Pediatr 2004; 71: 37–40.
17. Lee G, Romih R, Zupančič D. Cystitis: from urothelial cell biology to clinical applications. Biomed Res Int 2014; 10. DOI: 10.1155/2014/473536
18. Valore EV, Park CH, Quayle AJ, et al. Human beta-defensin-1: an antimicrobial peptide of urogenital tissues. J Clin Invest 1998; 101: 1633–42. DOI: 10.1172/JCI1861
19. Nielsen KL, Dynesen P, Larsen P, еt al. Role of urinary cathelicidin LL-37 and human b-defensin 1 in uncomplicated Escherichia coli urinary tract infections. Infect Immun 2014; 82: 1572–8. DOI: 10.1128/iai.01393-13
20. Watnick P, Kolter R. Biofilm, city of microbes. J Bacteriol 2000; 182: 2675–9.
21. Costerton JW, Stewart PS, Greenberg EP. Bacterial biofilms: a common cause of persistent infections. Science 1999; 284: 1318–22.
22. Mal'tsev SV, Mansurova GSh. Chto takoe bioplenka? Prakticheskaia meditsina. 2011; 5 (53): 7–10 (in Russian).
23. Hancock V, Ferrieres L, Klemm P. Biofilm formation by asymptomatic and virulent urinary tract infectious Escherichia coli strains. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol 2007; 51: 212–9.
24. Serova GA, Paunova SS. Infektsiia mochevoi sistemy u detei (obzor literatury). Nefrologiia i dializ. 2007; 9 (1): 86–91 (in Russian).
25. Warady BA, Chadha V. Chronic kidney disease in children: the global perspective. Ped Nephrol 2007; 22: 1199–2009.
26. Bergman DA, Baltz RD, Cooley JR, et al. Practice Parameter: The Diagnosis, Treatment, and Evalution of the Initial Urinary Tract Infection in Febrile Infants and Young Children. American Academy of Pediatrics. Committee on Quality Improvement, Subcommittee on Urinary Tract Infection. Pediatrics 1999; 103 (4): 843–52.
27. Urinary Tract Infection In Children (Diagnosis, Treatment And Long-Term Management). National Collaborating Centre for Women’s and Children’s Health UK. Clinical Guideline. August 2007.
28. American Academy of Pediatrics: Section on Urology Response to New Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of UTI. Pediatrics. March 2012.
29. Prat C, Dominguez J, Rodrigo D, et al. Elevated serum procalcitonin values correlate with renal scarring in children with urinary tract infection. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2003; 22 (5): 438–42.
30. Ol'khova EB, Kopylova EM, Paches OA, Nikitina SIu. Ul'trazvukovoe issledovanie pochek pri puzyrno-mochetochnikovom refliukse u detei. Ekhografiia. 2001; 2 (2): 201–11 (in Russian).
31. Tsai J-D, Huang F-Y, Tsai T-C. Asymptomatic vesicoureteral reflux detected by neonatal ultrasonographic screening. Ped Nephrol 1998; 12: 206–9.
32. Korovina NA, Zakharova IN, Mumladze EB. Diagnostics and treatment of pyelonephritis in children: a guide for doctors. Moscow: Medpraktika-M, 2007 (in Russian).
33. La Scola C, De Mutiis C, Hewitt IK, et al. Different guidelines for imaging after first UTI in febrile infants: yield, cost, and radiation. Pediatrics 2013; 131 (3): 665–71.
34. Hoberman A, Charron M, Hickey RW, et al. Imaging studies after a first febrile urinary tract infection in young children. N Engl J Med 2003; 348 (2): 195–202.
35. Hennaut E, Duong HP, Chiodini B, et al. Prospective Cohort Study Investigating the Safety and Efficacy of Ambulatory Treatment With Oral Cefuroxime-Axetil in Febrile Children With Urinary Tract Infection. Front Pediatr 2018; 6: 237.
36. Piñeiro Pérez R, Cilleruelo Ortega MJ, Ares Álvarez J, et al. Recommendations on the diagnosis and treatment of urinary tract infection. An Pediatr (Barc) 2019; 90 (6): 1–9.
37. Kaufman J, Temple-Smith M, Sanci L. Urinary tract infections in children: an overview of diagnosis and management. BMJ Paediatr Open 2019; 3 (1): e000487.
38. Korovina NA, Zakharova IN, Mumladze EB. Ostryi tsistit u detei: klinika, diagnostika, lechenie. Lechashchii vrach. 2003; 7: 63–9 (in Russian).
39. Vazouras K, Basmaci R, Bielicki J, et al. Antibiotics and Cure Rates in Childhood Febrile Urinary Tract Infections in Clinical Trials: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Drugs 2018; 78 (15): 1593–604.
40. Loiman E, Tsygin AN, Sarkisyan AA. Pediatric nephrology. A practical guide. Moscow: Litterra, 2010 (in Russian).
41. Calzi A, Grignolo S, Caviglia I, еt al. Resistance to oral antibiotics in 4569 Gram-negative rods isolated from urinary tract infection in children. Eur J Pediatr 2016; 175 (9): 1219–25. DOI: 10.1007/s00431-016-2763-1
42. DeMuri GP, Wald ER. Imaging and antimicrobial prophylaxis following the diagnosis of urinary tractinfection in children. Pediatr Inf Dis J 2008; 27 (6): 553–4.
43. De St Maurice A, Willis Z, Ross S. Antibiotic Stewardship and the Diagnosis of UTI in Children With Neurogenic Bladders. Pediatrics 2018; 142 (2).
44. Iakovlev SV. Antibakterial'naia terapiia vnebol'nichnykh neoslozhnennykh infektsii mochevyvodiashchikh putei s pozitsii sovremennogo sostoianiia antibiotikorezistentnosti. RMZh. 2006; 27: 1998 (in Russian).
45. Pennesi M, Travan L, Peratoner L, et al. North East Italy Prophylaxis in VUR study group. Is antibiotic prophylaxis in children with vesicoureteral reflux effective in preventing pyelonephritis and renal scars? A randomized, controlled trial. Pediatrics 2008; 121 (6).
46. Montini G, Hewitt I. Prophylaxis or no prophylaxis after urinary infection in children? G Ital Nefrol 2009; 26 (4): 420.
47. Brandstrom P, Hansson S. Long-Term Low-Dose Prophylaxis against Urinary Tract Infections in Young Children. Ped Nephrol 2015; 30: 425–32. DOI: 10.1007/s00467-014-2854-z
48. Cai T, Tamanini I, Kulchavenya E, et al. The role of nutraceuticals and phytotherapy in the management of urinary tract infections: What we need to know? Arch Ital Urol Androl 2017; 89 (1): 1–6.
49. Veauthier B, Miller MV. Urinary Tract Infections in Young Children and Infants: Common Questions and Answers. Am Fam Physician 2020; 102 (5): 278–85.
50. Chugunova OL. Infektsii mochevoi sistemy u detei: chto mogut kombinirovannye rastitel'nye sredstva? StatusPraesens. Pediatriia i neonatologiia. 2019; 4 (62): 64–73 (in Russian).
51. Fernández-Puentes V, Uberos J, Rodríguez-Belmonte R, et al. Efficacy and safety profile of cranberry in infants and children with recurrent urinary tract infection. An Pediatr (Barc) 2015; 82 (6): 397–403.
52. Simonovskaia KhIu, Legkii SV. Tekhnologii i sistemnyi podkhod prevrashchaiut lechenie travami v tochnuiu nauku. StatusPraesens. Pediatriia i neonatologiia. 2019; 2 (58): 59–65 (in Russian).
53. Safronova ES, Sokolova IaS, Lishik IA, et al. Primenenie "Kanefrona N' s profilakticheskoi tsel'iu pri beremennosti s zabolevaniem mochevydelitel'noi sistemy (pielonefrit). Dostizheniia nauki i obrazovaniia. 2019; 5 (46): 98–103 (in Russian).
54. Riemann K. Studies carried out in order to collate practical data in accordance with 22 (3) of the German Drug Law (Medicines Act, Gesomed Study 2), Final Report, Internal documentation, Bionorica AG 1990 (unpublished).
55. Korovina NA, Zakharova IN. Lechenie khronicheskogo tubulointerstitsial'nogo nefrita u detei. Pediatriia. Zhurn. im. G.N. Speranskogo. 2008; 87 (3): 86–90 (in Russian).
56. Letifov GM, Krivonovova EP. Mesto Kanefrona N v kompleksnoi terapii infektsii mochevoi sistemy i dismetabolicheskikh nefropatii u detei. Praktika pediatra. 2017; 2: 36–40 (in Russian).
57. Erman MV. Fitoterapiia v lechenii infektsii mochevoi sistemy u detei. Effektivnaia farmakoterapiia. 2014; 16: 18–22 (in Russian).
58. Ivanov DD, Kushnirenko SV. Otsenka lechebnogo i profilakticheskogo potentsiala preparata kanefron n pri ostrykh tsistitakh u detei: rezul'taty klinicheskogo issledovaniia. Pochki. 2013; 3 (5): 9–13 (in Russian).
59. Dlin VV, Shatokhina OV, Osmanov IM, Iur'eva EA. Effektivnost' Kanefrona N u detei s dismetabolicheskoi nefropatiei s oksalatno-kal'tsievoi kristalluriei. Vestn. pediatricheskoi farmakologii i nutritsiologii. 2008; 5 (4): 66–9 (in Russian).
60. Kirillov VI, Bogdanova NA. Kliniko-patogeneticheskoe obosnovanie effektivnosti rastitel'nogo preparata Kanefron N v nefrologii detskogo vozrasta. RMZh. 2015; 5: 1–6 (in Russian).
Авторы
О.Л. Чугунова*
ФГБОУ ВО «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н.И. Пирогова» Минздрава России, Москва, Россия
*ol_chugunova@mail.ru
Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
ФГБОУ ВО «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н.И. Пирогова» Минздрава России, Москва, Россия
*ol_chugunova@mail.ru
________________________________________________
Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
Цель портала OmniDoctor – предоставление профессиональной информации врачам, провизорам и фармацевтам.