Захарова И.Н., Османов И.М., Творогова Т.М., Бережная И.В., Махаева А.В. Постковидный синдром у детей в структуре COVID-19. Педиатрия. Consilium Medicum. 2022;1:8–14. DOI: 10.26442/26586630.2022.1.201515
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Zakharova IN, Osmanov IM, Tvorogova TM, Berezhnaya IV, Makhaeva AV. Post-covid syndrome in children in rare cases of COVID-19. Pediatrics. Consilium Medicum. 2022;1:8–14. DOI: 10.26442/26586630.2022.1.201515
Постковидный синдром у детей в структуре COVID-19
Захарова И.Н., Османов И.М., Творогова Т.М., Бережная И.В., Махаева А.В. Постковидный синдром у детей в структуре COVID-19. Педиатрия. Consilium Medicum. 2022;1:8–14. DOI: 10.26442/26586630.2022.1.201515
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Zakharova IN, Osmanov IM, Tvorogova TM, Berezhnaya IV, Makhaeva AV. Post-covid syndrome in children in rare cases of COVID-19. Pediatrics. Consilium Medicum. 2022;1:8–14. DOI: 10.26442/26586630.2022.1.201515
Постковидный синдром (ПКС) – симптомокомплекс, имеющий место во время и после COVID-19 продолжительностью более 12 нед, не являющийся результатом другого заболевания. Клинические проявления ПКС многолики, и под их маской могут быть скрыты дебют либо обострение хронической органической патологии, триггером которой явился вирус. ПКС – диагноз исключения. Основные проявления ПКС: вегетативная дизрегуляция, когнитивные и психоэмоциональные расстройства, нарушения со стороны респираторной, сердечно-сосудистой, пищеварительной систем. Непосредственными патогенетическими факторами основных неврологических проявлений ПКС являются сохраняющиеся гипоперфузия мозга, гипоксия и гипоксемия, влекущие за собой энергодефицит нейрональных структур, нарушения метаболизма, а также индуцированное вирусом структурное повреждение нейронов коры и подкорковых структур головного мозга. Выраженность и длительность указанных факторов, очевидно, в значительной степени связаны с особенностями реакции организма на SARS-CoV-2. ПКС имеет различную степень выраженности у переболевших и не всегда зависит от тяжести острого периода. Своевременное обследование с проведением дифференциальной диагностики позволит не только поставить диагноз, но и рекомендовать терапию с персонифицированным подходом к коррекции ПКС.
Post-covid syndrome (PCS) is a symptom complex that occurs during and after COVID-19 lasting more than 12 weeks, which is not a possible disease. The clinical manifestations of PCS are many-sided, under their mask or manifestations or exacerbations of chronic organic activity, the trigger of which was the virus, are hidden. PCS is a diagnosis of exclusion. The main manifestations of PCS: autonomic dysregulation, cognitive and psycho-emotional disorders, disorders of the respiratory system, cardiovascular, digestive systems. Direct pathogenic factors, the main neurological manifestations are PCS of preservation of brain hypoperfusion, hypoxia and hypoxemia, resulting in energy deficiency of neuronal structures, violation of the probable, as well as virus-induced structural detection of neurons in the cortex and subcortical structures of the brain. The severity and duration of exposure appear to be increasingly dependent on the body's response to SARS-CoV-2. PCS has a different severity of severity in recovered patients and does not always depend on the severity of the acute period. Timely examination with differential diagnosis allows not only to make a diagnosis, but also to recommend therapy with a personalized approach to the correction of PCS.
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DOI:10.33910/2687-1270-2020-1-3-187-195
2. Huang C, Huang L, Wang Y, et al. 6-month consequences of COVID-19 in patients discharged from hospital: a cohort study. Lancet. 2021;397:220-32.
DOI:10.1016/S0140-6736(20)32656-8
3. Johansson M, Ståhlberg M, Runold M, et al. Long-Haul Post-COVID-19 Symptoms Presenting as a Variant of Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome: The Swedish Experience. JACC Case Rep. 2021;3(4):573-80. DOI:10.1016/j.jaccas.2021.01.009
4. Frontera JA, Lewis A, Melmed K, et al. Prevalence and Predictors of Prolonged Cognitive and Psychological Symptoms Following COVID-19 in the United States. Front Aging Neurosci. 2021;13:690383. DOI:10.3389/ fnagi.2021.690383
5. Shah W, Hillman T, Playford D, Khishme L. Managing the long-term effects of covid-19: a summary of NICE, SIGN and RCGP rapid. BMJ. 2021;372:n136. DOI:10.1136/bmj.n136
6. Davisa HE, Assafa GS, McCorkella L, et al. Characterizing long COVID in an international cohort: 7 months of symptoms and their impact. EClinicalMedicine. 2021;38 (101019):1-19. DOI:10.1016/j.eclinm.2021.101019
7. COVID-19 rapid guideline: managing the long-term effects of COVID-19 – NICE, RCGP, and SIGN. Available at: https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng188/chapter/5. Accessed: 10.08.2021.
8. Miners S, Kehoe PG, Love S. Cognitive impact of COVID-19: looking beyond the short term. Alzheimers Res Ther. 2020;12(1):170. DOI:10.1186/s13195-020-00744-w
9. Guedj E, Million M, Dudouet P, et al. (18)F-FDG brain PET hypometabolism in post-SARS-CoV-2 infection: substrate for persistent/delayed disorders? Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2021;48(2):592-5. DOI:10.1007/s00259-020-04973-x
10. Del Rio C, Collins LF, Malani P. Long-term health consequences of COVID-19. JAMA. 2020;324(17):1723-4. DOI:10.1001/jama.2020.19719
11. Arnold DT, Hamilton FW, Milne A, et al. Patient outcomes after hospitalisation with COVID-19 and implications for follow-up: results from a prospective UK cohort. Thorax. 2020;76(4):399-401. DOI:10.1136/thoraxjnl-2020-216086
12. Carod-Artal FJ. Síndrome post-COVID-19: epidemiología, criterios diagnósticos y mecanismos patogénicos implicados. Rev Neurol. 2021;72:384-96. DOI:10.33588/rn.7211.2021230; PMID: 34042167
13. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE). COVID-19 rapid guideline: managing the long-term effects of COVID-19 (NG188). Available at: https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng188. Accessed: 12.02.2022.
14. Amenta EM, Spallone A, Rodriguez-Barradas MC, et al. Postacute COVID-19: an overview and approach to classification. Open Forum Infect Dis. 2020;7:ofaa509.
15. Pam TR, Adena BS, Hannah C, et al. Randomized Trial of Ivabradine in Patients With Hyperadrenergic Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2021;77(7):861-71. DOI:10.1016/j.jacc.2020.12.029
16. Taquet M, Geddes JR, Husain M, et al. 6-month neurological and psychiatric outcomes in 236379 survivors of COVID-19: a retrospective cohort study using electronic health records. Lancet Psychiatry. 2021;8:416-27. DOI:10.1016/S2215-0366(21)00084-5
17. Иванова О.Н. Постковидный синдром у детей. Международный научно-исследовательский журнал. 2021;111(9):35-9 [Ivanova ON. Post-covid syndrome in children. International Research Journal. 2021;111(9):35-9 (in Russian)].
18. Buonsenso D, Espuny Pujol F, Munblit D, et al. Clinical Characteristics, Activity Levels and Mental Health Problems in Children with Long COVID: A Survey of 510 Children. Preprints. 2021;2021030271. DOI:10.20944/preprints202103.0271.v1
19. Rudroff T, Fietsam AC, Deters JR, et al. Post-COVID-19 Fatigue: Potential Contributing Factors. Brain Sci. 2020;10(12):1012. DOI:10.3390/ brainsci10121012
20. Камчатнов П.Г., Соловьева Э.Ю., Хасанова Д.Р., Фатеева В.В. Астенические и когнитивные нарушения у пациентов, перенесших COVID-19. РМЖ. Медицинское обозрение. 2021;5(4):1‑5 [Kamchatnov PR, Solov’eva EYu, Khasanova DR, Fateeva VV. Asthenic and cognitive disorders after the COVID-19 infection. Russian Medical Inquiry. 2021;5(4):1‑5 (in Russian)].
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22. Steardo L, Steardo L, Verkhratsky A. Psychiatric face of COVID-19. Transl Psychiatry. 2020;10(1):261. DOI:10.1038/s41398- 020-00949-5
23. Петрова Л.В., Костенко Е.В., Энеева М.А. Астения в структуре постковидного синдрома: патогенез, клиника, диагностика и медицинская реабилитация. Доктор.Ру. 2021;20(9):36-42 [Petrova LV, Kostenko EV, Eneeva MA. Asthenia and Post-COVID Syndrome: Pathogenesis, Clinical Presentations, Diagnosis, and Medical Rehabilitation. Doctor.Ru. 2021;20(9):36-42 (in Russian)]. DOI:10.31550/1727-2378-2021-20-9-36-42
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25. Шмонин А.А., Мальцева М.Н., Мельникова Е.В., и др. Медицинская реабилитация при коронавирусной инфекции: новые задачи для физической и реабилитационной медицины в России. Вестник восстановительной медицины. 2020;3(97):14-20 [Shmonin AA, Maltseva MN, Melnikova EV, et al. Medical rehabilitation for coronavirus infection: new challenges for physical and rehabilitation medicine in Russia. Bulletin of Rehabilitation Medicine. 2020;3(97):14-20 (in Russian)].
26. Хлыповка Ю.Н., Плоскирева А.А., Руженцова Т.А., и др. Эффективность метаболитной терапии нарушений нейровегетативного статуса у детей с острыми респираторными инфекциями. Эпидемиология и инфекционные болезни. 2017;(4):26-31 [Khlypovka YuN, Ploskireva AA, Ruzhentsova TA, et al. Efficiency of metabolite therapy for neurovegetative disorders in children with acute respiratory infections. Epidemiology and Infectious Diseases. 2017;(4):26-31 (in Russian)].
27. Симаков А., Панина М., Чекулдаева Л., Обухова С. Лечение детей с вегетативной дисфункцией препаратом Элтацин®. Врач. 2015;9:21-4 [Simakov A, Panina M, Chekuldaeva L, Obukhova S. Lechenie detei s vegetativnoi disfunktsiei preparatom Eltatsin®. Vrach. 2015;9:21-4 (in Russian)].
28. Самохина И., Басаргина Е., Семенова Г., и др. Возможности коррекции метаболических нарушений у детей с хронической сердечной недостаточностью. Врач. 2016;1:38-43 [Samokhina I, Basargina E, Semenova G, et al. Vozmozhnosti korrektsii metabolicheskikh narushenii u detei s khronicheskoi serdechnoi nedostatochnost'iu. Vrach. 2016;1:38-43 (in Russian)].
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1. Bigday EV, Samoilov VO. Olfactory dysfunction as an indicator of early coronavirus infection. Integrative Physiology. 2020;1(3):187-95 (in Russian).
DOI:10.33910/2687-1270-2020-1-3-187-195
2. Huang C, Huang L, Wang Y, et al. 6-month consequences of COVID-19 in patients discharged from hospital: a cohort study. Lancet. 2021;397:220-32.
DOI:10.1016/S0140-6736(20)32656-8
3. Johansson M, Ståhlberg M, Runold M, et al. Long-Haul Post-COVID-19 Symptoms Presenting as a Variant of Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome: The Swedish Experience. JACC Case Rep. 2021;3(4):573-80. DOI:10.1016/j.jaccas.2021.01.009
4. Frontera JA, Lewis A, Melmed K, et al. Prevalence and Predictors of Prolonged Cognitive and Psychological Symptoms Following COVID-19 in the United States. Front Aging Neurosci. 2021;13:690383. DOI:10.3389/ fnagi.2021.690383
5. Shah W, Hillman T, Playford D, Khishme L. Managing the long-term effects of covid-19: a summary of NICE, SIGN and RCGP rapid. BMJ. 2021;372:n136. DOI:10.1136/bmj.n136
6. Davisa HE, Assafa GS, McCorkella L, et al. Characterizing long COVID in an international cohort: 7 months of symptoms and their impact. EClinicalMedicine. 2021;38 (101019):1-19. DOI:10.1016/j.eclinm.2021.101019
7. COVID-19 rapid guideline: managing the long-term effects of COVID-19 – NICE, RCGP, and SIGN. Available at: https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng188/chapter/5. Accessed: 10.08.2021.
8. Miners S, Kehoe PG, Love S. Cognitive impact of COVID-19: looking beyond the short term. Alzheimers Res Ther. 2020;12(1):170. DOI:10.1186/s13195-020-00744-w
9. Guedj E, Million M, Dudouet P, et al. (18)F-FDG brain PET hypometabolism in post-SARS-CoV-2 infection: substrate for persistent/delayed disorders? Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2021;48(2):592-5. DOI:10.1007/s00259-020-04973-x
10. Del Rio C, Collins LF, Malani P. Long-term health consequences of COVID-19. JAMA. 2020;324(17):1723-4. DOI:10.1001/jama.2020.19719
11. Arnold DT, Hamilton FW, Milne A, et al. Patient outcomes after hospitalisation with COVID-19 and implications for follow-up: results from a prospective UK cohort. Thorax. 2020;76(4):399-401. DOI:10.1136/thoraxjnl-2020-216086
12. Carod-Artal FJ. Síndrome post-COVID-19: epidemiología, criterios diagnósticos y mecanismos patogénicos implicados. Rev Neurol. 2021;72:384-96. DOI:10.33588/rn.7211.2021230; PMID: 34042167
13. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE). COVID-19 rapid guideline: managing the long-term effects of COVID-19 (NG188). Available at: https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng188. Accessed: 12.02.2022.
14. Amenta EM, Spallone A, Rodriguez-Barradas MC, et al. Postacute COVID-19: an overview and approach to classification. Open Forum Infect Dis. 2020;7:ofaa509.
15. Pam TR, Adena BS, Hannah C, et al. Randomized Trial of Ivabradine in Patients With Hyperadrenergic Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2021;77(7):861-71. DOI:10.1016/j.jacc.2020.12.029
16. Taquet M, Geddes JR, Husain M, et al. 6-month neurological and psychiatric outcomes in 236379 survivors of COVID-19: a retrospective cohort study using electronic health records. Lancet Psychiatry. 2021;8:416-27. DOI:10.1016/S2215-0366(21)00084-5
17. Ivanova ON. Post-covid syndrome in children. International Research Journal. 2021;111(9):35-9 (in Russian).
18. Buonsenso D, Espuny Pujol F, Munblit D, et al. Clinical Characteristics, Activity Levels and Mental Health Problems in Children with Long COVID: A Survey of 510 Children. Preprints. 2021;2021030271. DOI:10.20944/preprints202103.0271.v1
19. Rudroff T, Fietsam AC, Deters JR, et al. Post-COVID-19 Fatigue: Potential Contributing Factors. Brain Sci. 2020;10(12):1012. DOI:10.3390/ brainsci10121012
20. Kamchatnov PR, Solov’eva EYu, Khasanova DR, Fateeva VV. Asthenic and cognitive disorders after the COVID-19 infection. Russian Medical Inquiry. 2021;5(4):1‑5 (in Russian).
21. Belopasov VV, Zhuravleva EN, Nugmanova NP, Abdrashitova AT. Post-covid-19 neurological syndromes. Journal of Clinical Practice. 2021;12(2):69-82 (in Russian).
22. Steardo L, Steardo L, Verkhratsky A. Psychiatric face of COVID-19. Transl Psychiatry. 2020;10(1):261. DOI:10.1038/s41398- 020-00949-5
23. Petrova LV, Kostenko EV, Eneeva MA. Asthenia and Post-COVID Syndrome: Pathogenesis, Clinical Presentations, Diagnosis, and Medical Rehabilitation. Doctor.Ru. 2021;20(9):36-42 (in Russian). DOI:10.31550/1727-2378-2021-20-9-36-42
24. Belkin AA, Alekseeva EV, Alasheev AM, et al. Evaluation of circadence to predict the outcome of a vegetative state. Consilium Medicum. 2017;19(2):19-23 (in Russian).
25. Shmonin AA, Maltseva MN, Melnikova EV, et al. Medical rehabilitation for coronavirus infection: new challenges for physical and rehabilitation medicine in Russia. Bulletin of Rehabilitation Medicine. 2020;3(97):14-20 (in Russian).
26. Khlypovka YuN, Ploskireva AA, Ruzhentsova TA, et al. Efficiency of metabolite therapy for neurovegetative disorders in children with acute respiratory infections. Epidemiology and Infectious Diseases. 2017;(4):26-31 (in Russian).
27. Simakov A, Panina M, Chekuldaeva L, Obukhova S. Lechenie detei s vegetativnoi disfunktsiei preparatom Eltatsin®. Vrach. 2015;9:21-4 (in Russian).
28. Samokhina I, Basargina E, Semenova G, et al. Vozmozhnosti korrektsii metabolicheskikh narushenii u detei s khronicheskoi serdechnoi nedostatochnost'iu. Vrach. 2016;1:38-43 (in Russian).
1 ФГБОУ ДПО «Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования» Минздрава России, Москва, Россия;
2 ГБУЗ «Детская городская клиническая больница им. З.А. Башляевой» Департамента здравоохранения г. Москвы, Москва, Россия;
3 ФГАОУ ВО «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н.И. Пирогова» Минздрава России, Москва, Россия
*zakharova-rmapo@yandex.ru
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Irina N. Zakharova*1, Ismail M. Osmanov2,3, Tatiana M. Tvorogova1, Irina V. Berezhnaya1, Anastasia V. Makhaeva1
1 Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Moscow, Russia;
2 Bashlyaeva Children's City Clinical Hospital, Moscow, Russia;
3 Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
*zakharova-rmapo@yandex.ru