Dmitrieva YuA, Zakharova IN, Miyanova AR, Scorobogatova EV, Polyakova ZhV, Menshikova MA, Piliutik SF. Congenital enteropathies in children: An algorithm for differential diagnosis and therapeutic management. Case report. Pediatrics. Consilium Medicum. 2024;2:112–119. DOI:10.26442/26586630.2024.2.202952
Врожденные энтеропатии у детей: алгоритм дифференциальной диагностики и терапевтическая тактика
Дмитриева Ю.А., Захарова И.Н., Миянова А.Р., Скоробогатова Е.В., Полякова Ж.В., Меньшикова М.А., Пилютик С.Ф. Врожденные энтеропатии у детей: алгоритм дифференциальной диагностики и терапевтическая тактика. Педиатрия. Consilium Medicum. 2024;2:112–119.
DOI: 10.26442/26586630.2024.2.202952
Dmitrieva YuA, Zakharova IN, Miyanova AR, Scorobogatova EV, Polyakova ZhV, Menshikova MA, Piliutik SF. Congenital enteropathies in children: An algorithm for differential diagnosis and therapeutic management. Case report. Pediatrics. Consilium Medicum. 2024;2:112–119. DOI:10.26442/26586630.2024.2.202952
Причиной диареи, возникающей в младенчестве, могут быть инфекционные и аллергические заболевания, хирургическая патология. Отдельную группу составляют врожденные энтеропатии – гетерогенная группа генетически детерминированных заболеваний, включающих дефекты всасывания и транспорта нутриентов и электролитов, нарушения дифференцировки энтероцитов и энтероэндокринных клеток, дефекты модуляции кишечного иммунного ответа. Окончательная диагностика энтеропатий базируется на результатах молекулярно-генетического исследования, при этом детальная оценка клинико-анамнестических данных и результатов лабораторно-инструментальных исследований позволяет быстро определить диагностический вектор и выбрать корректную терапевтическую тактику. В статье рассмотрен алгоритм дифференциальной диагностики врожденных диарей, приведена клиническая демонстрация врожденной осмотической диареи на фоне дисахаридазной недостаточности, рассмотрены трудности диагностического поиска и подходы к диетотерапии. Представлены возможности использования смеси на основе фруктозы Galactomin-19 в диетотерапии мальабсорбции глюкозы-галактозы.
Infant diarrhea may be caused by infectious, allergic, or surgical diseases. A distinct group comprises congenital enteropathies, a heterogeneous group of genetically determined diseases, including defects in the absorption and transport of nutrients and electrolytes, impaired differentiation of enterocytes and enteroendocrine cells, and defects in the modulation of the intestinal immune response. The final diagnosis of enteropathies is based on the results of molecular genetic tests; however, a detailed assessment of clinical and medical history data and the results of laboratory and instrumental studies enables quick diagnostic search direction and choice of the correct therapeutic tactics. The article considers the algorithm for the differential diagnosis of congenital diarrhea, presents a clinical case of congenital osmotic diarrhea due to disaccharidase insufficiency, and considers the difficulties of the diagnostic search and approaches to diet therapy. The prospective of using a fructose-based formula, Galactomin-19, in the diet therapy of glucose-galactose malabsorption, is presented.
1. Захарова И.Н., Дмитриева Ю.А. Хронические диареи в практике педиатра: современные подходы к диагностике. Вопросы современной педиатрии. 2011;10(6):162-5 [Zakharova IN, Dmitrieva IuA. Khronicheskie diarei v praktike pediatra: sovremennye podkhody k diagnostike. Voprosy Sovremennoi Pediatrii. 2011;10(6):162-5 (in Russian)].
2. Thiagarajah JR, Kamin DS, Acra S, et al. Advances in Evaluation of Chronic Diarrhea in Infants. Gastroenterology. 2018;154(8):2045-59.e6. DOI:10.1053/j.gastro.2018.03.067
3. Kotloff KL, Nataro JP, Blackwelder WC, et al. Burden and aetiology of diarrhoeal disease in infants and young children in developing countries (the Global Enteric Multicenter Study, GEMS): a prospective, case-control study. Lancet. 2013;382(9888):209-22. DOI:10.1016/S0140-6736(13)60844-2
4. Захарова И.Н., Дмитриева Ю.А. Синдром энтероколита, индуцированного пищевыми белками (FpIEs): современные принципы диагностики и лечения на основании анализа положений международного консенсуса. Педиатрия. (Прил. к журн. Consilium Medicum). 2018;1:15-22 [Zakharova IN, Dmitrieva YuA. The syndrome of enterocolitis, induced by dietary proteins (FPIES): modern principles of diagnosis and treatment based on an analysis of the provisions of international consensus. Pediatrics (Suppl. Consilium Medicum). 2018;1:15-22 (in Russian)]. DOI:10.26442/2413-8460_2018.1.15-22
5. Frost BL, Modi BP, Jaksic T, Caplan MS. New Medical and Surgical Insights Into Neonatal Necrotizing Enterocolitis: A Review. JAMA Pediatr. 2017;171(1):83-8. DOI:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2016.2708
6. Terrin G, Tomaiuolo R, Passariello A, et al. Congenital diarrheal disorders: an updated diagnostic approach. Int J Mol Sci. 2012;13(4):4168-85. DOI:10.3390/ijms13044168
7. Berni Canani R, Terrin G, Cardillo G, et al. Congenital diarrheal disorders: improved understanding of gene defects is leading to advances in intestinal physiology and clinical management. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2010;50(4):360-6. DOI:10.1097/MPG.0b013e3181d135ef
8. Passariello A, Terrin G, Baldassarre ME, et al. Diarrhea in neonatal intensive care unit. World J Gastroenterol. 2010;16(21):2664-8. DOI:10.3748/wjg.v16.i21.2664
9. Ruemmele FM. Chronic enteropathy: molecular basis. Nestle Nutr Workshop Ser Pediatr Program. 2007;59:73-85;discussion 85-8. DOI:10.1159/000098514
10. Swallow DM, Poulter M, Hollox EJ. Intolerance to lactose and other dietary sugars. Drug Metab Dispos. 2001;29(4 Pt. 2):513-6. PMID:11259342
11. Wedenoja S, Pekansaari E, Höglund P, et al. Update on SLC26A3 mutations in congenital chloride diarrhea. Hum Mutat. 2011;32(7):715-22. DOI:10.1002/humu.21498
12. Захарова И.Н., Майкова И.Д., Кузнецова О.А., и др. Хлоридная диарея у ребенка 8 мес жизни. Российский вестник перинатологии и педиатрии. 2018;63(2):73-8 [Zakharova IN, Maykova ID, Kuznetsova OA, et al. Chloride diarrhea in a child 8 months old. Russian Bulletin of Perinatology and Pediatrics. 2018;63(2):73-8 (in Russian)].
DOI:10.21508/1027-4065-2018-63-2-73-78
13. Allenspach E, Torgerson TR. Autoimmunity and Primary Immunodeficiency Disorders. J Clin Immunol. 2016;36 Suppl. 1:57-67. DOI:10.1007/s10875-016-0294-1
14. Robayo-Torres CC, Quezada-Calvillo R, Nichols BL. Disaccharide digestion: Clinical and molecular aspects. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2006;4:276-87.
15. Solomons NW, Viteri F, Rosenberg IH. Development of an interval sampling hydrogen (H2) breath test for carbohydrate malabsorption in children: evidence for a circadian pattern of breath H2 concentration. Pediatr Res. 1978;12(8):816-23. DOI:10.1203/00006450-197808000-00002
16. Norio R, Perheentupa J, Launiala K, Hallman N. Congenital chloride diarrhea, an autosomal recessive disease. Genetic study of 14 Finnish and 12 other families. Clin Genet. 1971;2(3):182-92.
17. Höglund P, Haila S, Socha J, et al. Mutations of the Down-regulated in adenoma (DRA) gene cause congenital chloride diarrhoea. Nat Genet. 1996;14(3):316-9.
DOI:10.1038/ng1196-316
18. Hirakawa M, Hidaka N, Kido S, et al. Congenital Chloride Diarrhea: Accurate Prenatal Diagnosis Using Color Doppler Sonography to Show the Passage of Diarrhea. J Ultrasound Med. 2015;34(11):2113-5. DOI:10.7863/ultra.15.01011
19. Holmberg C, Perheentupa J, Launiala K, Hallman N. Congenital chloride diarrhoea. Clinical analysis of 21 Finnish patients. Arch Dis Child. 1977;52(4):255-67. DOI:10.1136/adc.52.4.255
20. Terrin G, Tomaiuolo R, Passariello A, et al. Congenital diarrheal disorders: an updated diagnostic approach. Int J Mol Sci. 2012;13(4):4168-85. DOI:10.3390/ijms13044168
21. Berger DS, Tancioco V, Shrivastava VK. Congenital Sodium Diarrhea: Antenatal Diagnosis May Prevent Unnecessary Surgery in the Neonate. AJP Rep. 2023;13(4):e61-4. DOI:10.1055/s-0043-1776148
22. Ma M, Long Q, Chen F, et al. Nutrition management of congenital glucose-galactose malabsorption: Case report of a Chinese infant. Medicine (Baltimore). 2019;98(33):e16828. DOI:10.1097/MD.0000000000016828
23. Рославцева Е.А., Варичкина М.А., Бушуева Т.В., и др. Глюкозо-галактозная мальабсорбция: патогенез, диагностика, диетотерапия. Вопросы детской диетологии. 2022;20(1):68-74 [Roslavtseva EA, Varichkina MA, Bushueva TV. Glucose-galactose malabsorption: pathogenesis, diagnosis, diet therapy. Voprosy Detskoi Dietologii. 2022;20(1):68-74 (in Russian)]. DOI:10.20953/1727-5784-2022-1-68-74
24. Программа оптимизации вскармливания детей первого года жизни в Российской Федерации: методические рекомендации. ФГАУ «НМИЦ здоровья детей» Минздрава России. М. 2019 [Programma optimizatsii vskarmlivaniia detei pervogo goda zhizni v Rossiiskoi Federatsii: metodicheskie rekomendatsii. FGAU "NMITs zdorov’ia detei" Minzdrava Rossii. Moscow. 2019 (in Russian)].
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1. Zakharova IN, Dmitrieva IuA. Khronicheskie diarei v praktike pediatra: sovremennye podkhody k diagnostike. Voprosy Sovremennoi Pediatrii. 2011;10(6):162-5 (in Russian).
2. Thiagarajah JR, Kamin DS, Acra S, et al. Advances in Evaluation of Chronic Diarrhea in Infants. Gastroenterology. 2018;154(8):2045-59.e6. DOI:10.1053/j.gastro.2018.03.067
3. Kotloff KL, Nataro JP, Blackwelder WC, et al. Burden and aetiology of diarrhoeal disease in infants and young children in developing countries (the Global Enteric Multicenter Study, GEMS): a prospective, case-control study. Lancet. 2013;382(9888):209-22. DOI:10.1016/S0140-6736(13)60844-2
4. Zakharova IN, Dmitrieva YuA. The syndrome of enterocolitis, induced by dietary proteins (FPIES): modern principles of diagnosis and treatment based on an analysis of the provisions of international consensus. Pediatrics (Suppl. Consilium Medicum). 2018;1:15-22 (in Russian). DOI:10.26442/2413-8460_2018.1.15-22
5. Frost BL, Modi BP, Jaksic T, Caplan MS. New Medical and Surgical Insights Into Neonatal Necrotizing Enterocolitis: A Review. JAMA Pediatr. 2017;171(1):83-8. DOI:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2016.2708
6. Terrin G, Tomaiuolo R, Passariello A, et al. Congenital diarrheal disorders: an updated diagnostic approach. Int J Mol Sci. 2012;13(4):4168-85. DOI:10.3390/ijms13044168
7. Berni Canani R, Terrin G, Cardillo G, et al. Congenital diarrheal disorders: improved understanding of gene defects is leading to advances in intestinal physiology and clinical management. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2010;50(4):360-6. DOI:10.1097/MPG.0b013e3181d135ef
8. Passariello A, Terrin G, Baldassarre ME, et al. Diarrhea in neonatal intensive care unit. World J Gastroenterol. 2010;16(21):2664-8. DOI:10.3748/wjg.v16.i21.2664
9. Ruemmele FM. Chronic enteropathy: molecular basis. Nestle Nutr Workshop Ser Pediatr Program. 2007;59:73-85;discussion 85-8. DOI:10.1159/000098514
10. Swallow DM, Poulter M, Hollox EJ. Intolerance to lactose and other dietary sugars. Drug Metab Dispos. 2001;29(4 Pt. 2):513-6. PMID:11259342
11. Wedenoja S, Pekansaari E, Höglund P, et al. Update on SLC26A3 mutations in congenital chloride diarrhea. Hum Mutat. 2011;32(7):715-22. DOI:10.1002/humu.21498
12. Zakharova IN, Maykova ID, Kuznetsova OA, et al. Chloride diarrhea in a child 8 months old. Russian Bulletin of Perinatology and Pediatrics. 2018;63(2):73-8 (in Russian). DOI:10.21508/1027-4065-2018-63-2-73-78
13. Allenspach E, Torgerson TR. Autoimmunity and Primary Immunodeficiency Disorders. J Clin Immunol. 2016;36 Suppl. 1:57-67. DOI:10.1007/s10875-016-0294-1
14. Robayo-Torres CC, Quezada-Calvillo R, Nichols BL. Disaccharide digestion: Clinical and molecular aspects. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2006;4:276-87.
15. Solomons NW, Viteri F, Rosenberg IH. Development of an interval sampling hydrogen (H2) breath test for carbohydrate malabsorption in children: evidence for a circadian pattern of breath H2 concentration. Pediatr Res. 1978;12(8):816-23. DOI:10.1203/00006450-197808000-00002
16. Norio R, Perheentupa J, Launiala K, Hallman N. Congenital chloride diarrhea, an autosomal recessive disease. Genetic study of 14 Finnish and 12 other families. Clin Genet. 1971;2(3):182-92.
17. Höglund P, Haila S, Socha J, et al. Mutations of the Down-regulated in adenoma (DRA) gene cause congenital chloride diarrhoea. Nat Genet. 1996;14(3):316-9.
DOI:10.1038/ng1196-316
18. Hirakawa M, Hidaka N, Kido S, et al. Congenital Chloride Diarrhea: Accurate Prenatal Diagnosis Using Color Doppler Sonography to Show the Passage of Diarrhea. J Ultrasound Med. 2015;34(11):2113-5. DOI:10.7863/ultra.15.01011
19. Holmberg C, Perheentupa J, Launiala K, Hallman N. Congenital chloride diarrhoea. Clinical analysis of 21 Finnish patients. Arch Dis Child. 1977;52(4):255-67. DOI:10.1136/adc.52.4.255
20. Terrin G, Tomaiuolo R, Passariello A, et al. Congenital diarrheal disorders: an updated diagnostic approach. Int J Mol Sci. 2012;13(4):4168-85. DOI:10.3390/ijms13044168
21. Berger DS, Tancioco V, Shrivastava VK. Congenital Sodium Diarrhea: Antenatal Diagnosis May Prevent Unnecessary Surgery in the Neonate. AJP Rep. 2023;13(4):e61-4. DOI:10.1055/s-0043-1776148
22. Ma M, Long Q, Chen F, et al. Nutrition management of congenital glucose-galactose malabsorption: Case report of a Chinese infant. Medicine (Baltimore). 2019;98(33):e16828. DOI:10.1097/MD.0000000000016828
23. Roslavtseva EA, Varichkina MA, Bushueva TV. Glucose-galactose malabsorption: pathogenesis, diagnosis, diet therapy. Voprosy Detskoi Dietologii. 2022;20(1):68-74 (in Russian). DOI:10.20953/1727-5784-2022-1-68-74
24. Programma optimizatsii vskarmlivaniia detei pervogo goda zhizni v Rossiiskoi Federatsii: metodicheskie rekomendatsii. FGAU "NMITs zdorov’ia detei" Minzdrava Rossii. Moscow. 2019 (in Russian).
1ФГБОУ ДПО «Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования» Минздрава России, Москва, Россия; 2ГБУЗ «Детская городская клиническая больница им. З.А. Башляевой» Департамента здравоохранения г. Москвы, Москва, Россия
*jadmitrieva@mail.ru
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Yulia A. Dmitrieva*1,2, Irina N. Zakharova1, Aliya R. Miyanova1, Ekaterina V. Scorobogatova1,2, Zhanna V. Polyakova2, Margarita A. Menshikova2, Sergei F. Piliutik2
1Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Moscow, Russia; 2Bashlyaeva Children's City Clinical Hospital, Moscow, Russia
*jadmitrieva@mail.ru