Олигосахариды грудного молока – важнейший ингредиент грудного молока, влияющий на здоровье младенцев

Захарова И.Н., Оробинская Я.В., Сугян Н.Г., Бережная И.В. Олигосахариды грудного молока – важнейший ингредиент грудного молока, влияющий на здоровье младенцев. Педиатрия. Consilium Medicum. 2024;3:326–333. DOI: 10.26442/26586630.2024.3.202958

© ООО «КОНСИЛИУМ МЕДИКУМ», 2024 г.

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Zakharova IN, Orobinskaya YaV, Sugian NG, Berezhnaya IV. Breast milk oligosaccharides are the most essential ingredient in breast milk, affecting the health of infants: A review. Pediatrics. Consilium Medicum. 2024;3:326–333. DOI: 10.26442/26586630.2024.3.202958

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Аннотация

Грудное вскармливание остается «золотым стандартом» питания детей первых лет жизни. Однако такие факторы, как гипогалактия, стресс матери, проблемы со здоровьем и просто отсутствие желания кормить грудью, лишают ребенка грудного молока (ГМ) и ставят перед педиатром вопрос о выборе альтернативного питания. Состав ГМ сложен, динамичен и вызывает научный интерес, а внимание большинства ученых направлено на олигосахариды ГМ (ОГМ). Огромное количество позитивных эффектов ОГМ доказано в отношении здоровья ребенка. Они касаются не только формирования кишечной микробиоты, становления иммунного ответа, но и влияния на барьерную функцию кишечника и защиты от патогенов. При отсутствии грудного вскармливания можно использовать современные искусственные смеси, содержащие ОГМ. В настоящее время добавление комбинации из 5 ОГМ является многообещающим и эффективным подходом к поддержанию общего здоровья детей, находящихся на искусственном вскармливании.

Ключевые слова: грудное вскармливание, грудное молоко, олигосахариды грудного молока, искусственное вскармливание, смеси, микробиота кишечника, микробиом, галактоолигосахариды, 2'-фукозиллактоза, дифукозиллактоза, сиалиллактоза, лакто-N-тетраоза, лакто-N-неотетраоза, галактоолигосахариды, фруктоолигосахариды

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Breastfeeding remains the “gold standard” of nutrition for children in the first years of life. However, factors such as hypogalactia, maternal stress, health problems and simply an unwillingness to breastfeed deprive the baby of breast milk (BM) and challenge pediatricians to choose an alternative food for the baby. The BM composition is complex, dynamic, and of scientific interest, and the attention of most scientists is directed to BM oligosaccharides (BMOs). Many benefits of BMOs have been proven in relation to the child's health, including the formation of the intestinal microbiota, maturation of the immune response, contribution to the barrier function of the intestine, and protection against pathogens. In the absence of breastfeeding, modern formulas containing BMOs can be used. The addition of a combination of 5 BMOs is a promising and effective approach to maintaining the overall health of formula-fed infants.

Keywords: breastfeeding, breast milk, breast milk oligosaccharides, formula feeding, formulas, intestinal microbiota, microbiome, galacto-oligosaccharides, 2'-fucosyllactose, difucosyllactose, sialyllactose, lacto-N-tetraose, lacto-N-neotetraose, galacto-oligosaccharides, fructo-oligosaccharides

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1. Dinleyici M, Barbieur J, Dinleyici EC, Vandenplas Y. Functional effects of human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs). Gut Microbes. 2023;15(1):2186115. DOI:10.1080/19490976.2023.2186115
2. Reid A. Infant feeding and child health and survival in Derbyshire in the early twentieth century. Womens Stud Int Forum. 2017;60:111-9. DOI:10.1016/j.wsif.2016.10.011
3. Kunz C. Historical aspects of human milk oligosaccharides. Adv Nutr. 2012;3(3)430S-9S. DOI:10.3945/an.111.001776
4. Tissier H. Recherches sur la flora intestinale de nourissons (état normal et pathologique). Paris, 1900.
5. Walsh C, Lane JA, van Sinderen D, Hickey RM. Human milk oligosaccharides: shaping the infant gut microbiota and supporting health. J Funct Foods. 2020;72:104074. DOI:10.1016/j.jff.2020.104074
6. Cheng YJ, Yeung CY. Recent advance in infant nutrition: human milk oligosaccharides. Pediatr Neonatol. 2021;62(4)347-53. DOI:10.1016/j.pedneo.2020.12.013
7. Bode L. Human milk oligosaccharides: every baby needs a sugar mama. Glycobiology. 2012;22(9)1147-62. DOI:10.1093/glycob/cws074
8. Petschacher B, Nidetzky B. Biotechnological production of fucosylated human milk oligosaccharides: Prokaryotic fucosyltransferases and their use in biocatalytic cascades or whole cell conversion systems. J Biotechnol. 2016;23561-83. DOI:10.1016/j.jbiotec.2016.03.052
9. German JB, Freeman SL, Lebrilla CB, Mills DA. Human milk oligosaccharides: evolution, structures and bioselectivity as substrates for intestinal bacteria. Nestle Nutr Workshop Ser Pediatr Program. 2008;62:205-18; discussion 218-22. DOI:10.1159/000146322
10. Chen X. Human Milk Oligosaccharides (HMOS): Structure, Function, and Enzyme-Catalyzed Synthesis. Adv Carbohydr Chem Biochem.
2015;72:113-90. DOI:10.1016/bs.accb.2015.08.002
11. Zakharova IN, Orobinskaia IaV, Sugian NG, et al. Breast milk oligosaccharides: what do we know today? Pediatrics. Consilium Medicum. 2022;22(3):204-12 (in Russian). DOI:10.26442/26586630.2022.3.201851
12. Corona L, Lussu A, Bosco A, et al. Human Milk Oligosaccharides: A Comprehensive Review towards Metabolomics. Children (Basel). 2021;8(9):804. DOI:10.3390/children8090804
13. Luo Y, Zhang Y, Yang Y, et al. Bifidobacterium infantis and 2'-fucosyllactose supplementation in early life may have potential long-term benefits on gut microbiota, intestinal development, and immune function in mice. J Dairy Sci. 2023;106(11)7461-76. DOI:10.3168/jds.2023-23367
14. Triantis V, Bode L, van Neerven RJJ. Immunological Effects of Human Milk Oligosaccharides. Front Pediatr. 2018;6:190. DOI:10.3389/fped.2018.00190
15. Nogacka AM, Cuesta I, Gueimonde M, de Los Reyes-Gavilán CG. 2-Fucosyllactose Metabolism by Bifidobacteria Promotes Lactobacilli Growth in Co-Culture. Microorganisms. 2023;11(11):2659. DOI:10.3390/microorganisms11112659
16. Padilla L, Fricker AD, Luna E, et al. Mechanism of 2'-fucosyllactose degradation by human-associated Akkermansia. J Bacteriol. 2024;206(2):e0033423. DOI:10.1128/jb.00334-23
17. Vandenplas Y, Berger B, Carnielli VP, et al. Human Milk Oligosaccharides: 2'-Fucosyllactose (2'-FL) and Lacto-N-Neotetraose (LNnT) in Infant Formula. Nutrients. 2018;10(9):1161. DOI:10.3390/nu10091161
18. Zhang S, Chen L, Hu M, Zhu J. 2'-Fucosyllactose (2'-FL) changes infants gut microbiota composition and their metabolism in a host-free human colonic model. Food Res Int. 2023;173(Pt. 1):113293. DOI:10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113293
19. Yu ZT, Nanthakumar NN, Newburg DS. The Human Milk Oligosaccharide 2'-Fucosyllactose Quenches Campylobacter jejuni-Induced Inflammation in Human Epithelial Cells HEp-2 and HT-29 and in Mouse Intestinal Mucosa. J Nutr. 2016;146(10):1980-90. DOI:10.3945/jn.116.230706
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Авторы

И.Н. Захарова*¹, Я.В. Оробинская^1,2, Н.Г. Сугян^1,2, И.В. Бережная¹

¹ФГБОУ ДПО «Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования» Минздрава России, Москва, Россия;
²ГБУЗ МО «Химкинская больница», Химки, Россия
*zakharova-rmapo@yandex.ru

________________________________________________

Irina N. Zakharova*¹, Yana V. Orobinskaya^1,2, Narine G. Sugian^1,2, Irina V. Berezhnaya¹

¹Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Moscow, Russia;
²Khimki Hospital, Khimki, Russia
*zakharova-rmapo@yandex.ru

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