«Неравный» брак: что ждать педиатру от потомства?

Захарова И.Н., Сугян Н.Г., Оробинская Я.В., Пупыкина В.В., Толкунова А.А., Архипова А.Г. «Неравный» брак: что ждать педиатру от потомства? Педиатрия. Consilium Medicum. 2025;2:131–136. DOI: 10.26442/26586630.2025.2.203253

© ООО «КОНСИЛИУМ МЕДИКУМ», 2025 г.

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Zakharova IN, Sugian NG, Orobinskaya YaV, Pupykina VV, Tolkunova AA , Arkhipova AG. "Unequal" marriage: What should the pediatrician expect from the offspring? A review. Pediatrics. Consilium Medicum. 2025;2:131–136. DOI: 10.26442/26586630.2025.2.203253

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Аннотация

Влияние возраста родителей в момент зачатия и беременности матери на развитие детей является предметом постоянных дискуссий и исследований. Несмотря на то что современная медицина достигла значительных успехов в области репродуктивного здоровья, возрастные ограничения для зачатия и беременности все еще остаются актуальными. Рождение детей от одного или двух родителей, перешагнувших порог зрелого возраста, несет в себе как определенные преимущества, так и потенциальные риски и для родителей, и для их потомства. В литературном обзоре рассматриваются некоторые потенциальные риски «неравного» брака.

Ключевые слова: возраст матери, фертильность, овариальный резерв, беременность, роды, хромосомные аномалии, генетические нарушения, позднее материнство, репродуктивное здоровье, планирование семьи

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The influence of the age of parents at the time of conception and pregnancy of the mother on the development of children is the subject of constant debate and research. Although modern medicine has made significant advances in reproductive health, age limitations for conception and pregnancy are still relevant. Having children from one or two middle-aged parents carries certain benefits and potential risks for both parents and their offspring. The literature review addresses some potential risks of an “unequal” marriage.

Keywords: maternal age, fertility, ovarian reserve, pregnancy, childbirth, chromosomal abnormalities, genetic disorders, late motherhood, reproductive health, family planning

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35. Khachadourian V, Zaks N, Lin E, et al. Advanced paternal age and risk of schizophrenia in offspring – Review of epidemiological findings and potential mechanisms. Schizophr Res. 2021;233:72-9. DOI:10.1016/j.schres.2021.06.016
36. Wang SH, Wu CS, Hsu LY, et al. Paternal age and 13 psychiatric disorders in the offspring: a population-based cohort study of 7 million children in Taiwan. Mol Psychiatry. 2022;27(12):5244-24. DOI:10.1038/s41380-022-01753-x
37. Stahl A. New study: Millennial women are delaying having children due to their careers. Forbes. 2020, May 1. Available at: https://www.forbes.com/sites/ashleystahl/2020/05/01/new-study-millennial-women-are-delaying-having-c.... Accessed: 12.11.2024.
38. Schweizer VJ, Guzzo KB. Distributions of age at first birth, 1960–2018. Family Profiles, FP-20-11. Bowling Green, OH: National Center for Family & Marriage Research, 2020. DOI:10.25035/ncfmr/fp-20-11
39. Aizer A, Devereux PJ, Salvanes KG. Grandparents, Moms, or Dads? Why Children of Teen Mothers Do Worse in Life. 2020. Available at: https://docs.iza.org/dp13781.pdf. Accessed: 12.11.2024.
40. Armijo PR, Flores L, Huynh L, et al. Fertility and Reproductive Health in Women Physicians. J Womens Health (Larchmt). 2021;30(12):1713-79. DOI:10.1089/jwh.2020.8671
41. Fredriksson P, Huttunen K, Öckert B. School starting age, maternal age at birth, and child outcomes. J Health Econ. 2022;84:102637. DOI:10.1016/j.jhealeco.2022.102637
42. Einiö E, Goisis A, Myrskylä M. Is the relationship between men's age at first birth and midlife health changing? Evidence from two British cohorts. SSM Popul Health. 2019;8:100458. DOI:10.1016/j.ssmph.2019.100458

________________________________________________

1. European Commission. Available at: https://commission.europa.eu/index_en. Accessed: 02.11.2024.
2. Demograficheskii ezhegodnik Rossii. 2023. Federal'naia sluzhba gosudarstvennoi statistiki. Available at: https://rosstat.gov.ru/itog_inspect. Accessed: 02.11.2024 (in Russian).
3. Home-office for national statistics. Available at: https://www.ons.gov.uk. Accessed: 10.11.2024.
4. Smirnova AA, Zyriaeva NA, Anshina MB. Age-related changes and risk of chromosomal incompetence in human oocytes (literature review). Russian Journal of Human Reproduction. 2019;25(2):16-26 (in Russian). DOI:10.17116/repro20192502116
5. Baird DT, Collins J, Egozcue J, et al. Fertility and ageing. Hum Reprod Update. 2005;11(3):261-76. DOI:10.1093/humupd/dmi006
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8. Amanvermez R, Tosun M. An Update on Ovarian Aging and Ovarian Reserve Tests. Int J Fertil Steril. 2016;9(4):411-5. DOI:10.22074/ijfs.2015.4591
9. Wang X, Wang L, Xiang W. Mechanisms of ovarian aging in women: a review. J Ovarian Res. 2023;16(1):67. DOI:10.1186/s13048-023-01151-z
10. Moolhuijsen LME, Visser JA. Anti-Müllerian Hormone and Ovarian Reserve: Update on Assessing Ovarian Function. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2020;105(11):3361-73. DOI:10.1210/clinem/dgaa513
11. Baranouskaya EI. Anti-Müllerian hormone in the assessment of ovarian reserve: possibilities and limitations. Russian Bulletin of Obstetrician-Gynecologist. 2022;22(2):65‑70 (in Russian). DOI:10.17116/rosakush20222202165
12. Zhu Q, Li Y, Ma J, et al. Potential factors result in diminished ovarian reserve: a comprehensive review. J Ovarian Res. 2023;16(1):208. DOI:10.1186/s13048-023-01296-x
13. Kirsch-Volders M, Fenech M. Towards prevention of aneuploidy-associated cellular senescence and aging: more questions than answers? Mutat Res Rev Mutat Res. 2023;792:108474. DOI:10.1016/j.mrrev.2023.108474
14. Basso O, Willis SK, Hatch EE, et al. Maternal age at birth and daughter's fecundability. Hum Reprod. 2021;36(7):1970-90. DOI:10.1093/humrep/deab057
15. Moore AM, Xu Z, Kolli RT, et al. Persistent epigenetic changes in adult daughters of older mothers. Epigenetics. 2019;14(5):467-76. DOI:10.1080/15592294.2019.1595299
16. Elçi G, Çakmak A, Elçi E, Sayan S. The effect of advanced maternal age on perinatal outcomes in nulliparous pregnancies. J Perinat Med. 2022;50(8):1087-95. DOI:10.1515/jpm-2021-0298
17. Palatnik A, De Cicco S, Zhang L, et al. The Association between Advanced Maternal Age and Diagnosis of Small for Gestational Age. Am J Perinatol. 2020;37(1):37-43. DOI:10.1055/s-0039-1694775
18. Johnson SL, Dunleavy J, Gemmell NJ, Nakagawa S. Consistent age-dependent declines in human semen quality: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ageing Res Rev. 2015;19:22-33. DOI:10.1016/j.arr.2014.10.007
19. Demirkol MK, Barut O, Dogan NT, et al. At What Age Threshold does the Decline in Semen Parameters Begin? J Coll Physicians Surg Pak. 2021;31(1):4-7. DOI:10.29271/jcpsp.2021.01.4
20. Mahmoud AM, Goemaere S, De Bacquer D, et al. Serum inhibin B levels in community-dwelling elderly men. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2000;53(2):141-7. DOI:10.1046/j.1365-2265.2000.01063.x
21. Martins da Silva S, Anderson RA. Reproductive axis ageing and fertility in men. Rev Endocr Metab Disord. 2022;23(6):1109-11. DOI:10.1007/s11154-022-09759-0
22. Toriello HV, Meck JM. Professional Practice and Guidelines Committee. Statement on guidance for genetic counseling in advanced paternal age. Genet Med. 2008;10(6):457-60. DOI:10.1097/GIM.0b013e318176fabb
23. Johnson KJ, Carozza SE, Chow EJ, et al. Parental age and risk of childhood cancer: a pooled analysis. Epidemiology. 2009;20(4):475-83. DOI:10.1097/EDE.0b013e3181a5a332
24. Dockerty JD, Draper G, Vincent T, et al. Case-control study of parental age, parity and socioeconomic level in relation to childhood cancers. Int J Epidemiol. 2001;30(6):1428-37. DOI:10.1093/ije/30.6.1428
25. Yip BH, Pawitan Y, Czene K. Parental age and risk of childhood cancers: a population-based cohort study from Sweden. Int J Epidemiol. 2006;35(6):1495-503. DOI:10.1093/ije/dyl177
26. Podvin D, Kuehn CM, Mueller BA, Williams M. Maternal and birth characteristics in relation to childhood leukaemia. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol. 2006;20(4):312-22. DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3016.2006.00731.x
27. Mills MB, Hudgins L, Balise RR, et al. Mutation risk associated with paternal and maternal age in a cohort of retinoblastoma survivors. Hum Genet. 2012;131(7):1115-22. DOI:10.1007/s00439-011-1126-2
28. Vorobtsova IE, Kanaeva MD, Semenov AV, Dobrogorskaia MV. Vozrast roditelei pri zachatii i risk kantserogeneza u detei. Voprosy onkologii. 2018;64(1):41-7 (in Russian). DOI:10.37469/0507-3758-2018-64-1-41-47
29. D'Onofrio BM, Rickert ME, Frans E, et al. Paternal age at childbearing and offspring psychiatric and academic morbidity. JAMA Psychiatry. 2014;71(4):432-8. DOI:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2013.4525
30. Taylor JL, Debost JPG, Morton SU, et al. Paternal-age-related de novo mutations and risk for five disorders. Nat Commun. 2019;10(1):3043. DOI:10.1038/s41467-019-11039-6
31. Malaspina D, Harlap S, Fennig S, et al. Advancing paternal age and the risk of schizophrenia. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2001;58(4):361-7. DOI:10.1001/archpsyc.58.4.361
32. Wang SH, Hsiao PC, Yeh LL, et al. Advanced Paternal Age and Early Onset of Schizophrenia in Sporadic Cases: Not Confounded by Parental Polygenic Risk for Schizophrenia. Biol Psychiatry. 2019;86(1):56-64. DOI:10.1016/j.biopsych.2019.01.023
33. Malaspina D, Gilman C, Kranz TM. Paternal age and mental health of offspring. Fertil Steril. 2015;103(6):1392-6. DOI:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2015.04.015
34. Brown AS, Schaefer CA, Wyatt RJ, et al. Paternal age and risk of schizophrenia in adult offspring. Am J Psychiatry. 2002;159(9):1528-33. DOI:10.1176/appi.ajp.159.9.1528
35. Khachadourian V, Zaks N, Lin E, et al. Advanced paternal age and risk of schizophrenia in offspring – Review of epidemiological findings and potential mechanisms. Schizophr Res. 2021;233:72-9. DOI:10.1016/j.schres.2021.06.016
36. Wang SH, Wu CS, Hsu LY, et al. Paternal age and 13 psychiatric disorders in the offspring: a population-based cohort study of 7 million children in Taiwan. Mol Psychiatry. 2022;27(12):5244-24. DOI:10.1038/s41380-022-01753-x
37. Stahl A. New study: Millennial women are delaying having children due to their careers. Forbes. 2020, May 1. Available at: https://www.forbes.com/sites/ashleystahl/2020/05/01/new-study-millennial-women-are-delaying-having-c.... Accessed: 12.11.2024.
38. Schweizer VJ, Guzzo KB. Distributions of age at first birth, 1960–2018. Family Profiles, FP-20-11. Bowling Green, OH: National Center for Family & Marriage Research, 2020. DOI:10.25035/ncfmr/fp-20-11
39. Aizer A, Devereux PJ, Salvanes KG. Grandparents, Moms, or Dads? Why Children of Teen Mothers Do Worse in Life. 2020. Available at: https://docs.iza.org/dp13781.pdf. Accessed: 12.11.2024.
40. Armijo PR, Flores L, Huynh L, et al. Fertility and Reproductive Health in Women Physicians. J Womens Health (Larchmt). 2021;30(12):1713-79. DOI:10.1089/jwh.2020.8671
41. Fredriksson P, Huttunen K, Öckert B. School starting age, maternal age at birth, and child outcomes. J Health Econ. 2022;84:102637. DOI:10.1016/j.jhealeco.2022.102637
42. Einiö E, Goisis A, Myrskylä M. Is the relationship between men's age at first birth and midlife health changing? Evidence from two British cohorts. SSM Popul Health. 2019;8:100458. DOI:10.1016/j.ssmph.2019.100458

Авторы

И.Н. Захарова*^1,2, Н.Г. Сугян^1,3, Я.В. Оробинская^1,3, В.В. Пупыкина¹, А.А. Толкунова⁴, А.Г. Архипова⁵

¹ФГБОУ ДПО «Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования» Минздрава России, Москва, Россия;
²ГБУЗ «Детская городская клиническая больница им. З.А. Башляевой» Департамента здравоохранения г. Москвы, Москва, Россия;
³ГБУЗ Московской области «Химкинская клиническая больница», Химки, Россия;
⁴ФГБОУ ВО «Ставропольский государственный медицинский университет», Ставрополь, Россия;
⁵ФГБОУ ВО «Курский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России, Курск, Россия
*zakharova-rmapo@yandex.ru

________________________________________________

Irina N. Zakharova*^1,2, Narine G. Sugian^1,3, Yana V. Orobinskaya^1,3, Viktoria V. Pupykina¹, Anna A. Tolkunova⁴, Alina G. Arkhipova⁵

¹Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Moscow, Russia;
²Bashlyaeva Children City Clinical Hospital, Moscow, Russia;
³Khimki Clinical Hospital, Khimki, Russia;
⁴Stavropol State Medical University, Stavropol, Russia;
⁵Kursk State Medical University, Kursk, Russia
*zakharova-rmapo@yandex.ru

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